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Journal articles on the topic 'Relaxory'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

SHVARTSMAN, V. V., and A. L. KHOLKIN. "POLAR STRUCTURES OF PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-PbTiO3 RELAXORS: PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY APPROACH." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x12410032.

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Relaxor ferroelectrics are one of the mysterious objects of the solid-state physics studied over 50 years. The physical properties of relaxors were mainly assessed by scattering and dielectric methods and revealed the importance of polarization correlations with the short-range order, so-called polarization nanoscale regions. This paper review recent progress achieved by using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to analyze the spatial distribution of polarization and its evolution with time, temperature, and electric field for the most popular relaxor family: solid solutions between PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 and PbTiO3 . The PFM technique has proved to be a powerful tool for the investigation of local properties of relaxors where optical techniques obviously fail because of their lack of resolution. The PFM study of relaxors clearly helps to understand the mechanism of polarization distribution and illustrates the importance of mesoscopic polarization patterns that were until now overlooked by major theories of the relaxor state.
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2

Blinc, R., B. Zalar, and Alan Gregorovic. "NMR and the local structure of relaxors." Science of Sintering 34, no. 1 (2002): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0201003b.

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The relaxor transition in cubic perovskite relaxors (PMN, PSN and PST) and tungsten bronze relaxor (SBN) has been studied by NMR. The observed spectra are composed of a narrow -1/2 ? 1/2 central transition superimposed on a broad background due to satellite transitions. The chemical heterogeneity, responsible for relaxor properties, is reflected here in the structure of the central transition part. The latter is composed of two components, one due to ordered and the other due to disordered regions. Despite of the fact that the macroscopic symmetry does not change when relaxor transition occurs, a non-zero quadruple coupling constant determined from NMR clearly demonstrates the broken local symmetry.
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3

Bajpai, Parmendra Kumar. "Dielectric Relaxation Phenomena in some Lead and Non-Lead Based Ferroelectric Relaxor Materials: Recent Advances." Solid State Phenomena 189 (June 2012): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.189.233.

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Relaxors with general formula AA'BB'O3with different cationic distributions at A/B-sites have important device applications in capacitors, piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers, electrostrictive actuators, SAW substrates, etc. The doping or compositional changes in these ceramics can control the high electromechanical characteristics. Lead zirconate titanates (PZT) - based solid solutions exhibit excellent electrochemical properties and are widely used as actuators, transducers, ceramic filters, resonators, sensors and other electronic devices, due to their excellent piezoelectric properties. Although, there has been a concerted effort to develop leadfree piezoelectric ceramics, no effective alternative to PZT has yet been found; most other materials that possess high dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients still contain lead ions. Dielectric relaxation in these materials is of fundamental importance. Recently, new relaxor ferroelectric materials (Pb (B1/3Nb2/3)O3types) have been reported by our group in which the dielectric relaxation character is different from that observed in typical lead based relaxors. In the first part of the review, relaxor characteristics, strategies to synthesize phase pure lead based relaxors and dielectric relaxation phenomena are presented. Deviation of the frequency dependent susceptibility from Curie-Weiss law is analysed both in terms of Gaussian and Lorentzian formalisms. Lead based ferroelectric relaxor materials, due to environmental, health and social reasons are not preferred in devices and attempts are being made to eliminate the lead content from these materials. Sodium bismuth titanate (Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3, abbreviated as NBT), is considered to be one of the excellent candidates for lead-free piezoelectric material. However, pure NBT piezoelectric ceramics are difficult to pole due to its relatively large coercive field and high electrical conductivity. Therefore, many solid solutions of NBT with other ceramics are proposed to improve the relevant properties. In the second part of the review, relaxor behaviour of newly developed solid solutions of NBT is discussed. Finally, the future scope of research on these advance materials is presented.
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4

BOKOV, ALEXEI A., and ZUO-GUANG YE. "DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x1241010x.

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In this review the dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectrics are discussed and compared with the properties of normal dielectrics and ferroelectrics. We try to draw a general picture of dielectric relaxation starting from a textbook review of the underlying concepts and pay attention to common behavior of relaxors rather than to the features observed in specific materials. We hope that this general approach is beneficial to those physicists, chemists, material scientists and device engineers who deal with relaxors. Based on the analysis of dielectric properties, a comprehensive definition of relaxors is proposed: relaxors are defined as ferroelectrics in which the maximum in the temperature dependence of static susceptibility occurs within the temperature range of dielectric relaxation, but does not coincide with the temperature of singularity of relaxation time or soft mode frequency.
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5

HLINKA, J. "DO WE NEED THE ETHER OF POLAR NANOREGIONS?" Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x12410068.

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This paper deals with possible experimental signatures of the so-called polar nanoregions in lead-based perovskite relaxors. It outlines both traditional and alternative approaches to these signatures. It is argued that the concept of polar nanoregions is useful but largely speculative. Polar nanoregions are compared with ferroelectric nanodomains. Qualitative explanation of the principal "relaxor" properties of PMN are discussed in both frameworks. It is argued that polarization as a vector may not be well defined at any nanometric region in PMN Crystal.
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6

Cowley, R. A., S. N. Gvasaliya, S. G. Lushnikov, B. Roessli, and G. M. Rotaru. "Relaxing with relaxors: a review of relaxor ferroelectrics." Advances in Physics 60, no. 2 (April 2011): 229–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00018732.2011.555385.

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7

Sekar, Michael M. A., Arvind Halliyal, and K. C. Patil. "Synthesis, characterization, and properties of lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 5 (May 1996): 1210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0155.

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Lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics such as Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN), Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN), and their solid solutions with BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 have been prepared by a solution combustion process which involves metal nitrates/oxalate and tetraformal trisazine (TFTA) at 350 °C. Thermal evolution of perovskite relaxors has been investigated at different temperatures of calcination using the powder x-ray diffraction method. Particles are fine and sinter-active at low temperature (1050 °C). Both particulate and dielectric properties are compared.
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8

KLEEMANN, WOLFGANG. "RANDOM FIELDS IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS — A JUBILEE REVIEW." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x12410019.

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Substitutional charge disorder as in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 , structural cation vacancies as in Sr x Ba 1-x Nb 2 O 6 and isovalent substitution of off-centered cations as in BaTi 1-x Sn x O 3 and BaTi 1-x Zr x O 3 give rise to quenched electric random-fields (RF s ), which we proposed to be at the origin of the peculiar behavior of relaxor ferroelectrics 20 years ago. These are, e.g. a strong frequency dispersion of the dielectric response and an apparent lack of macroscopic symmetry breaking in the low temperature phase. Both are related to mesoscopic RF-driven phase transitions, which give rise to irregularly shaped quasi-stable polar nanoregions below the characteristic temperature T*, but above the global transition temperature Tc. Their co-existence with the paraelectric parent phase can be modeled by time-dependent field equations under the control of quenched RF s and stress-free strain (in the case of order parameter dimension n ≥ 2). Transitions into global polar order at Tc may occur in uniaxial relaxors as observed on the uniaxial relaxor ferroelectric Sr0.8Ba0.2Nb2O6 and come close to RF Ising model criticality. Re-entrant relaxor transitions as observed in solid solutions of Ba2Pr0.6Nd0.4(FeNb4)O15 are proposed to evidence the coexistence of distinct normal and relaxor ferroelectric phases within the framework of percolation theory.
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9

LI, Y. L., L. XIE, and J. ZHU. "POLAR NANOREGION IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS STUDIED BY ANALYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x12410081.

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Relaxor ferroelectrics have different properties from that of the normal ferroelectrics, such as dielectric properties with diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion, specific heat, birefringence, elastic constants and Raman scattering, etc. It is considered that the different properties are related with the polar nanoregions in relaxors. In this work we briefly introduce how we use the high spatial resolution analytical electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy methods to investigate the polar nanoregion in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN), Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) and Ba ( Ti 1-x Sn x) O 3 (BTSn). The main experimental results1–10 are as mentioned in next three parts.
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10

Смирнова, Е., А. Сотников, Н. Зайцева, and H. Schmidt. "Акустические аномалии в твердых растворах SrTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--BiFeO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-." Физика твердого тела 60, no. 1 (2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.01.45296.181.

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AbstractThe results of acoustic investigations of solid solutions SrTiO_3−BiFeO_3 in the temperature range from 100 to 650 K have been presented. The measurements of the velocity and attenuation of the longitudinal ultrasonic mode at a frequency of 10 MHz were carried out by the pulse-echo method. The observed anomalies in velocity and attenuation correlate with the maxima of the dielectric constant in the temperature range of the relaxor state. In addition, the attenuation peaks in the temperature range 400–600 K, which define Burns and T* temperatures, which are characteristic of relaxors, have been identified. The obtained results have allowed the clarifying of the phase diagram of the solid solution system SrTiO_3−BiFeO_3.
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11

Камзина, Л. С., and G. Li. "Поведение керамических твердых растворов 33PbYb-=SUB=-1/2-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-1/2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--22PbZrO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--45PbTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- в электрическом поле." Письма в журнал технической физики 46, no. 6 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2020.06.49162.18053.

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The temperature dependences of the dielectric parameters were studied, as well as the changes in the dielectric constant with time in ceramic 33PbYb1 / 2Nb1 / 2O3-22PbZrO3-45 PbTiO3 samples in electric fields (0 <E <8 kV / cm). It is shown that in the phase existing below the temperature of the morphotropic phase transition, in addition to the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, a small fraction of the relaxor pseudocubic phase is present. It was found that, unlike other relaxors, the dielectric constant practically does not change with time when an electric field is applied in the phase below the temperature of the morphotropic phase transition. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed.
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12

Mallesham, Bandi, and Ranjith Ramadurai. "Investigations on Dielectric phase transition behavior of Pb(Fe0.5-xScx)Nb0.5O3 Multiferroic Ceramics." MRS Advances 1, no. 9 (2016): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.145.

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ABSTRACTPhase pure Pb[(Fe0.5-xScx)Nb0.5]O3 [x = 0 to 0.5] multiferroic relaxors have been synthesized to study the effect of Sc on dielectric phase tansition. Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the structure transforms from monoclinic (Cm) to rhomobohedral (R3m) at x = 0.3. Absence of low frequency dielectric response in compositions with low Sc content attributed to interfacial polarizabilty arising due to differences in conductivities of grain and grain boundary. Moreover, value of diffusivity parameter (γ) of high of Sc content compositions is near to 2, confirms relaxor charactertistic of these compositions. However, an essential feature of relaxors i.e., frequency dependent dielectric permittivity as a function of temperature is observed only in x = 0.5 composition [Pb(Sc0.5Nb0.5)O3 (PSN)]. In addition, ferroelectric phase transition temperature (Tmax) increases initially at lower Sc content (upto x ≤ 0.25), and further drops beyond x ≥ 0.3. Such behavior of Tmax in these compositions is due to the onset of B'-B" local cation ordering at x = 0.3. High temperature Raman spectra of Pb(Sc0.5Nb0.5)O3 (x = 0.5) confirm the stability of cation ordering in compositions with high Sc content well above the phase transition temperature.
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13

Yang, G. Y., V. Nagarajan, Z. L. Wang, Y. H. Li, and R. Ramesh. "Interfacial Mismatch and Interface Structure of Epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (90%)- PbTiO3 (10%) Relaxor Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034802.

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Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN)- and its solid solution with PbTiO3 (PT) is one of the lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics and has been the most widely studied materials because of their high dielectric constants and high electrostrictive coefficients. The potential impact of the thin film ferroelectric relaxors in the integrated actuators and sensing applications has stimulated research on the growth and characterization of thin films. Thin films have been made by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD), sol-gel and metalrganic chemical-vapor deposition. It is known that electrical properties may be strongly influenced by the microstructure of films and the interface structures between different phase in such heterostructure systems. In this paper, we report the investigation of interfacial mismatch and interface structure of epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (90%)- PbTiO3 (10%) relaxor thin film by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).Thin film capacitors of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (90%) - PbTiO3 (10%) (PMN-PT) were grown by PLD on (100)-oriented LaA1O3 (LAO) substrates. La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) layer was deposited as electrode. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy samples were prepared following the traditional procedures including cutting, gluing, polishing and ion milling.
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14

Lazar, Iwona, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska, Marian Pawełczyk, Michał Górny, Anna Zawada, and Krystian Roleder. "Piezoelectric and elastic properties of relaxor-like PZT:Ba ceramics." Journal of Electroceramics 40, no. 3 (February 20, 2018): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-018-0121-6.

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Abstract The solid solutions of PbZr1-xTixO3 (PZT) are the most known and widely applicable piezoelectric ceramic materials. The influence of different dopants on PZT properties has been studied for many years. Some of such compositions have revealed a behavior typical for ferroelectric relaxors. In the case of Pb0.75Ba0.25Zr0.70Ti0.30O3 ceramics (abbreviation PBZT 25/70/30), prepared by mixed-oxide processing technique elastic, it was found that macroscopic piezoelectric activity is present far above the temperature at which structural changes and maximum of permittivity occur in unpoled samples (~ 200 °C). Anomalies of the elastic and piezoelectric properties have been observed very clearly near the temperature of 152 °C. Within the temperature range of 152–220 °C, unstable piezoelectric properties have been detected due to the existence of polar micro/nano-clusters and non-trivial elastic-electric interactions between them, through the non-polar paraelectric matrix. The origin of such interactions could be lattice instabilities, dynamic change in polar cluster sizes, and fluctuations in chemical composition. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that PZT ceramics of such composition is a relaxor-like material and it is not a ferroelectric relaxor.
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15

Kim, Jieun, Eduardo Lupi, David Pesquera, Megha Acharya, Wenbo Zhao, Gabriel A. P. Velarde, Sinead Griffin, and Lane W. Martin. "Beyond Expectation: Advanced Materials Design, Synthesis, and Processing to Enable Novel Ferroelectric Properties and Applications." MRS Advances 5, no. 64 (2020): 3453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.344.

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AbstractFerroelectrics and related materials (e.g., non-traditional ferroelectrics such as relaxors) have long been used in a range of applications, but with the advent of new ways of modeling, synthesizing, and characterizing these materials, continued access to astonishing breakthroughs in our fundamental understanding come each year. While we still rely on these materials in a range of applications, we continue to re-write what is possible to be done with them. In turn, assumptions that have underpinned the use and design of certain materials are progressively being revisited. This perspective aims to provide an overview of the field of ferroelectric/relaxor/polar-oxide thin films in recent years, with an emphasis on emergent structure and function enabled by advanced synthesis, processing, and computational modeling.
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16

Vikhnin, V. S., and S. E. Kapphan. "Polaron-Related Polar Clusters in Ferroelectric Relaxors And Novel Relaxor Systems." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 158, no. 1-6 (January 2003): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1042015021000052575.

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17

KOJIMA, SEIJI, MUHTAR AHART, VENKATASUBRAMANIAN SIVASUBRAMANIAN, ALEXEI A. BOKOV, and ZUO-GUANG YE. "PRECURSOR DYNAMICS OF Pb(B1/2B′1/2)O3-TYPE RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS STUDIED BY BROADBAND MICRO-BRILLOUIN SCATTERING." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x12410044.

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This paper reviews the recent progress in the understanding of the dynamics of Pb(B1/2B′1/2)O3 -type relaxor ferroelectrics using of broadband micro-Brillouin scattering spectroscopy, which covers a large frequency range from 1 to 1000 GHz by a tandem multi-pass Fabry–Perot interferometer. In contrast to Pb(B1/3B′2/3)O3 -type relaxors, there is no frustration on the B-site of perovskite structure and the degree of order of B-site cations depends on heat treatment. Remarkable softening of sound velocity and an intense central peak are observed above the Curie temperature TC owing to the polarization fluctuations in polar nanoregions (PNRs). Unlike the Pb(B1/3B′2/3)O3 relaxors, Pb(B1/2B′1/2)O3 does not undergoes a typical diffuse phase transition without lead vacancies on A-site which enhances random fields. For the (1-x) Pb ( B 1/2 B ′1/2) O 3–x PbTiO 3 solid solutions, the long range polar order increases as the PbTiO3 content increases. Nevertheless, a central peak owing to dynamic PNRs still remains even for the composition near the MPB, and a critical slowing down is clearly observed in the vicinity of TC.
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18

Olejniczak, Anna, and Andrzej Katrusiak. "Periodicity and its breaking in compressed ferroelectric dabco monosalts." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314097344.

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1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) monosalts form a fascinating group of compounds, which exhibit exceptional dielectric properties. They can be described by a general formula: dabcoHX, where X= Br-, I-, ClO4-, BF4-and ReO4-. DabcoHI is the first material for which anisotropic relaxor properties were reported.[1] The ferroelectric relaxors are particularly desired for numerous practical applications in electronics, including miniature electronic devices and new methods of storing electricity in capacitors. Moreover, organic relaxors are environment friendly and easier to produce and to dispose off, than inorganic ceramic relaxors of mixed perovskites and doped with lead. DabcoHI undergoes a large number of transformations at elevated pressure and temperature, however analogous dabcoHBr exists only in three forms. Exceptionally rich phase diagram of ten phases was also revealed for dabcoHClO4. At normal conditions in dabco monosalts the dabcoH+cations are NH+···N bonded into linear chains, but pressure can considerably modify that pattern, and the weak hydrogen bonds are relevant for the formation of new polymorphs at high pressure.[2,3] In all dabcoHI polymorphs the NH+···N bonded chains of dabcoH+cations are retained, however the chains are linear at 0.1 MPa and high pressure induces modulation of the chain with gradually increased periodicity. In dabcoHBr only phase III is NH+···N bonded. Although phase II of dabcoHClO4isostructural with phase II of dabcoHBF4, it behaves differently on lowering temperature than it was observed in dabcoHBF4. The polymorphic structures of dabco salts differ mainly in the arrangement of the chains and iodide anions, in the dabco conformation, and in the location of protons. When crystallized from methanol, above 1.70 GPa, dabcoHI forms solvates, and the high-pressure crystallization from aqueous solution leads to hydration already at 0.50 GPa.
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19

Papet, Philippe, Joseph P. Dougherty, and Thomas R. Shrout. "Particle and grain size effects on the dielectric behavior of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 12 (December 1990): 2902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.2902.

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The role of particle and grain size on the dielectric behavior of the perovskite relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 [PMN] was investigated. Ultrafine powders of PMN were prepared using a reactive calcination process. Reactive calcination, the process by which morphological changes take place upon reaction of the component powders, produced particle agglomerates less than 0.5 μm. Through milling, these structures were readily broken down to ∼70 nanometer-sized particulates. The highly reactive powders allowed densification as low as 900 °C, but with corresponding grain growth in the micron range. Such grain growth was associated with liquid phase sintering as a result of PbO–Nb2O5 second phase(s) pyrochlore. Sintering, assisted by hot uniaxial pressing, below the temperature of liquid formation of 835 °C, allowed the fabrication of highly dense materials with a grain size less than 0.3 μm. The dielectric and related properties were determined for samples having grain sizes in the range of 0.3 μm to 6 μm. Characteristic of relaxors, frequency dependence (K and loss) and point of Tmax were found to be related to grain and/or particle size and secondarily to the processing conditions. Modeling of particle size/dielectric behavior was performed using various dielectric properties of 0–3 composites comprised of varying size powder in a polymer matrix. An intrinsic-microdomain perturbation concept was proposed to interpret observed scaling effects of the relaxor dielectric behavior in contrast to normally accepted extrinsic grain boundary models.
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20

Ahn, Chang Won, Chang-Hyo Hong, Byung-Yul Choi, Hwang-Pill Kim, Hyoung-Su Han, Younghun Hwang, Wook Jo, et al. "A brief review on relaxor ferroelectrics and selected issues in lead-free relaxors." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 68, no. 12 (June 2016): 1481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.68.1481.

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21

Hong, Chang-Hyo, Hanzheng Guo, Xiaoli Tan, John E. Daniels, and Wook Jo. "Polarization reversal via a transient relaxor state in nonergodic relaxors near freezing temperature." Journal of Materiomics 5, no. 4 (December 2019): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2019.06.004.

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22

Riemer, Lukas M., Li Jin, Hana Uršič, Mojca Otonicar, Tadej Rojac, and Dragan Damjanovic. "Dielectric and electro-mechanic nonlinearities in perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, relaxors, and relaxor ferroelectrics." Journal of Applied Physics 129, no. 5 (February 7, 2021): 054101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0035859.

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23

Guzdek, Piotr. "Magnetoelectric Properties in Nickel Ferrite – Niobate Relaxor Bulk Composites." Advances in Science and Technology 77 (September 2012): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.77.215.

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Magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic materials is widely studied for its fundamental interest and practical applications. The magnetoelectric effect observed for single phase materials like Cr2O3, BiFeO3, Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3is usually small. A much larger effect can be obtained in composites consisting of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases. This paper investigates the magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric properties of nickel ferrite Ni0.3Zn0.62Cu0.08Fe2O4- relaxor Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3bulk composites. The magnetic properties of composites shows a dependence typical of such composite materials, i.e. it consists of a dominating signal from ferrimagnetic phase (ferrite) and a weak signal from paramagnetic (antiferromagnetic) phase (relaxors). Magnetoelectric effect at room temperature was investigated as a function of static magnetic field (300-7200 Oe) and frequency (10 Hz-10 kHz) of sinusoidal modulation magnetic field. The magnetoelectric effect increase slightly before reaching a maximum at HDC= 750 Oe and then decrease. The magnetoelectric coefficient increases continuously as frequency is raised, although this increase is less pronounced in the 1-10 kHz range.
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24

Akbas, Mehmet A., and Peter K. Davies. "Processing and characterization of lead magnesium tantalate ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 10 (October 1997): 2617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0348.

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Using a processing route that employed platinum crucibles, single phase ceramics of Pb(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (PMT) relaxor ferroelectrics were prepared with densities greater than 95% of their theoretical value. The improvements in the sintering characteristics of this system that result from this route were reflected by the dielectric properties, at 182 K, which are similar to those reported for single crystal PMT. Contrast originating from nanosized polar clusters was evident in dark-field TEM images collected from the PMT ceramics at room temperature and showed little change upon cooling through the permittivity maximum. The electron diffraction patterns contained weak superlattice reflections at (h ± 1/2, k ± 1/2, l ± 1/2) that originate from a 1: 1 ordering of the B-site cations. High resolution imaging indicated that the length scale of the chemical ordering in PMT is essentially identical to niobate relaxors such as PMN, with the 1–2 nm ordered domains being surrounded by a disordered matrix.
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25

Bosak, Alexei, Dmitry Chernyshov, and Sergey Vakhrushev. "Glass-like structure of a lead-based relaxor ferroelectric." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 6 (October 10, 2012): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889812039015.

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It has been shown [Bosak, Chernyshov, Vakhrushev & Krisch (2012).Acta Cryst.A68, 117–123] that detailed experimental three-dimensional maps of diffuse scattering in lead-based relaxors do not agree with those expected from the concept of polar nanoregions and/or polar nanodomains. Instead, the observed diffuse scattering can be successfully parameterized in terms of a pseudo-dynamical matrix, having a shape very similar to that of the thermal diffuse scattering. Here the parameterization is extended and used to generate the disordered atomic configurations. The analysis of the resulting displacement patterns retrieved for lead ions shows that a static snapshot of the relaxor structure corresponds to the specific dipole glassy state that is characterized by local polarization and its projection onto the selected direction. The recovered structural model agrees with the observed behaviour of dielectric susceptibility as well as the existence of a wide-range hierarchy in the relaxation times in these materials.
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Камзина, Л. С. "Индуцированный фазовый переход в монокристаллических твердых растворах PbMg-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--29PbTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- и PbZn-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--9PbTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-: сходство и различие." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 11 (2021): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.11.51591.152.

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The kinetics of the induced phase transition in single-crystal relaxor solid solutions PbMg1 / 3Nb2 / 3O3-29PbTiO3 and PbZn1 / 3Nb2 / 3O3-9PbTiO3 is studied when an electric field is applied along the [001] direction. At temperatures below the temperature of the morphotropic phase transition, the changes in the dielectric constant and optical transmission in electric fields are studied. It is shown that the decrease in optical transmission with time is associated only with a change in the sizes of nanoregions during the phase transition. It was found that the induced phase transition proceeds differently in these crystals. In PMN-29PT crystals, the formation of ferroelectric phases and the rapid establishment of macroscopic polarization are preceded by a certain delay time, while in PZN-9PT crystals, the ferroelectric phase is induced immediately after the application of the field without a delay time. The results obtained are explained by the different structures of the low-temperature phases in these compounds. Key words: ferroelectricity, relaxors, induced phase transition.
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27

Coogan, Patricia F., Lynn Rosenberg, Julie R. Palmer, Yvette C. Cozier, Yolanda M. Lenzy, and Kimberly A. Bertrand. "Hair product use and breast cancer incidence in the Black Women’s Health Study." Carcinogenesis 42, no. 7 (May 20, 2021): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgab041.

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Abstract Hair relaxers and leave-in conditioners and oils, commonly used by Black/African American women, may contain estrogens or estrogen-disrupting compounds. Thus, their use may contribute to breast cancer risk. Results of the few previous studies on this topic are inconsistent. We assessed the relation of hair relaxer and leave-in conditioner use to breast cancer incidence in the Black Women’s Health Study, a nationwide prospective study of Black women. Among 50 543 women followed from 1997 to 2017, 2311 incident breast cancers occurred. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression for breast cancer overall and by estrogen receptor (ER) status. For heavy use (≥15 years of use for ≥7 times/year) of hair relaxers relative to never/light use (&lt;4 years, no more than 1–2 times/year), the multivariable HR for breast cancer overall was 1.13 (95%CI: 0.96–1.33). Duration, frequency, age at first use and number of scalp burns were not associated with overall breast cancer risk. For heavy use of hair relaxers containing lye, the corresponding HR for ER+ breast cancer was 1.32 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.80); there was no association for non-lye products. There was no association of conditioner use and breast cancer. Results of this study were largely null, but there was some evidence that heavy use of lye-containing hair relaxers may be associated with increased risk of ER+ breast cancer. Consistent results from several studies are needed before it can be concluded that use of certain hair relaxers impacts breast cancer development.
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Raevskaya, S. I., L. A. Reznitchenko, V. V. Titov, I. P. Raevski, M. A. Malitskaya, I. N. Zakharchenko, M. A. Seredkina, and J. L. Dellis. "Comparative Dielectric Studies of NaNbO3-Based Lead-Free Relaxor Ceramics and Lead-Containing Relaxors." Ferroelectrics 371, no. 1 (November 14, 2008): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190802394087.

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29

QIAN, H., and L. A. BURSILL. "RANDOM-FIELD POTTS MODEL FOR THE POLAR DOMAINS OF LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE AND LEAD SCANDIUM TANTALATE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 16 (July 20, 1996): 2027–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296000921.

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A random field Potts model is used to establish the spatial relationship between the nanoscale distribution of charged chemical defects and nanoscale polar domains for the perovskite-based relaxor materials lead magnesium niobate (PMN) and lead scandium tantalate (PST). The random fields are not set stochastically but are determined initially by the distribution of B-site cations (Mg,Nb) or (Sc,Ta) generated by Monte Carlo NNNI-model simulations for the chemical defects. An appropriate random field Potts model is derived and algorithms developed for a 2D lattice. It is shown that the local fields are strongly correlated with the chemical domain walls and that polar nanodomains tend to nucleate about the latter. The evolution of the polar domains as a function of decreasing temperature is simulated for the two cases of PMN and PST. The dynamics of the polar clusters is also discussed. The results are used in an accompanying paper (H. Qian and L.A. Bursill, Int. J. Mod. Phys.B10, 2007, 1996) in order to predict the temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric response of these two relaxors.
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30

Guzdek, Piotr, and Marek Wzorek. "Magnetoelectric properties in bulk and layered composites." Microelectronics International 32, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-01-2015-0012.

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Purpose – The purpose of the paper was to present a comparative study on the microstructure and magnetoelectric effect of new magnetoelectric composites based on TbFe2 compound and Ni0.3Zn0.62Cu0.08Fe2O4, CoFe2O4 ferrites as a magnetostrictive phase, Pb(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 (PFT), Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 relaxors as a ferroelectric phase and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as piezoelectric phase. Design/methodology/approach – The ceramic components of composites were prepared by the standard solid-state reaction method. The intermetallic compound TbFe2 was prepared with an arc melting system with a contact-less ignition in a high purity argon atmosphere. The metal – ceramic – polymer composites were prepared in a container in which powder of PVDF were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide with continuous mixing and at the controlled temperature. Ceramic composites were prepared as bulk samples and multilayer tape cast and co-sintered laminates. The microstructure of the composites was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetoelectric effect of the composites was evaluated at room temperature by means of the dynamic lock-in method. Findings – SEM analysis revealed a dense, fine-grained microstructure and uniform distribution of the metallic, ferrite and relaxor grains in the bulk composites. The SEM image for multilayer composite illustrates the lack of cracks or delaminations at the phase boundaries between the well-sintered ferrite and relaxor layers. For all studied composites, the magnetoelectric coefficients at a lower magnetic field increase, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Originality/value – The progress in electronic technology is directly linked to advances made in materials science. Exploring and characterizing new materials with interesting magnetoelectric properties, in the rapidly growing field of functional materials, is an important task. The paper reports on processing, microstructure and magnetoelectric properties of novel magnetoelectric composites.
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31

Chen, Xiang-Zhong, Xiao-Shi Qian, Xinyu Li, David Sheng-Guo Lu, Haiming Gu, Minren Lin, Qun-Dong Shen, and Qiming Zhang. "Enhanced Electrocaloric Effect in Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)-based Composites." MRS Proceedings 1490 (2013): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1733.

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ABSTRACTThe poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) based ferroelectric and relaxor materials have been proved to be good electrocaloric (EC) materials. To further enhance the EC effect in ferroelectric relaxor terpolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)), composites such as polymer-polymer blends and nanocomposites filled with inorganic nanoparticles are fabricated and investigated. It is found that the addition of small amount of filler (such as P(VDF-TrFE) or nano-ZrO2) can increase terpolymer’s crystallinity and enhance its relaxor behavior through interface couplings. The increased crystallinity and enhanced relaxor behavior together result in enhanced electrocaloric effect. The results demonstrate the promise of composite approaches in tailoring and enhancing ECE in the relaxor terpolymers.
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32

Hu, Qingyuan, and Xiaoyong Wei. "Abnormal phase transition and polarization mismatch phenomena in BaTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 09, no. 05 (October 2019): 1930002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x19300020.

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Relaxor ferroelectrics have been extensively studied due to their outstanding dielectric, piezoelectric, energy storage, and electro-optical properties. Although various theories were proposed to elaborate on the relaxation phenomena, polar nanoregions formed by disruption of the long-range-order structures are considered to play a key role in relaxor ferroelectrics. Generally, relaxor ferroelectrics are formed by aliovalent substitution or isovalent substitution in normal ferroelectrics, or further combinations of solid solutions. Herein, one category of BaTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics with abnormal phase transition and polarization mismatch phenomena is focused. Characteristic parameters of such BaTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics, including the Curie temperature, polarization, and lattice parameter, show a typical “U”-shaped variation with compositions. The studied BaTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectrics are mostly solid solutions of [Formula: see text]-site coupling and [Formula: see text]-site coupling ferroelectrics, exhibiting polarization mismatch in certain compositions [e.g., 0.9BaTiO3–0.1BiScO3, 0.8BaTiO3–0.2Bi([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3, 0.8BaTiO3–0.2Bi([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3, 0.5BaTiO3–0.5Pb([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3, 0.4BaTiO3–0.6Pb([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3, etc.]. Of particular interest is that excellent electrical properties can be achieved in the studied relaxor ferroelectrics. Therefore, polarization mismatch theory can also provide guidance for the design of new high-performance lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics.
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33

Cao, W. P., J. Sheng, Z. Liu, C. Gao, Z. H. Wang, J. Wang, J. Chang, Z. Wang, and W. L. Li. "Large electrostrictive effect in Sn-doped NBT–BT lead-free relaxor ceramics." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 11 (January 31, 2020): 2050100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920501006.

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In this work, we design and adjust the composition in [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics by doping SnO2 to introduce a relaxor phase and accordingly obtain prominent lead-free electrostrictors. It was found that all the samples exhibited ideal features of relaxor ferroelectrics and the ferroelectric-relaxor phase transition temperature of the ceramics was adjusted to near or below room temperature after doping with a handful of [Formula: see text]. A relatively high electrostrictive coefficient [Formula: see text] of 0.0293 m4/C2 was achieved for the composition with [Formula: see text], which was attributed to the formation of relaxor pseudocubic phase developed by the [Formula: see text] substitution. These results provide some instructive thoughts for the further development of [Formula: see text]-based electrostrictive materials by B-site doping.
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34

Hornebecq, V., C. Elissalde, F. Weill, A. Villesuzanne, M. Menetrier, and J. Ravez. "Study of disorder in a tetragonal tungsten bronze ferroelectric relaxor: a structural approach." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800005124.

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Electron diffraction analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, structure determinations and refinements were performed on two ferroelectric lead-containing ceramics (classical and relaxor), with tetragonal tungsten bronze structure, in order to investigate the origin of the relaxor behaviour in such compounds. In both compounds the lead atoms are found to be off-centred in the CN (coordination number) 15 (A2) site. The main difference between the two compositions is the proportion of lead in this site: in the relaxor composition, theA2 site is at least half occupied by lead atoms. Disorder in the repartition of lead and potassium atoms in theA1 (CN 12) andA2 sites was also studiedviacombinatorial calculations to correlate the evolution of the relaxor behaviour in the Pb5Ta10O30–Li10Ta10O30–K10Ta10O30ternary system with composition. The combinatorial study demonstrated that the relaxor behaviour is enhanced by the disorder in cationic repartition.
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35

Liu, Shi-Yu, Yang Meng, Shiyang Liu, De-Jun Li, Yaping Li, Yingdi Liu, Yaogen Shen, and Sanwu Wang. "Compositional phase diagram and microscopic mechanism of Ba1−xCaxZryTi1−yO3 relaxor ferroelectrics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 33 (2017): 22190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04530a.

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36

Tsukasaki, Hirofumi, Yasuhide Inoue, and Yasumasa Koyama. "Crystallographic Features of the Relaxor State in the Mixed Ferroelectric System Ba(Ti1-xZrx)O3." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2400–2405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2400.

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The relaxor state has been found in the mixed ferroelectric system Ba (Ti1-xZrx)O3aroundx= 0.35. To understand the nature of the relaxor state, the crystallographic features of the paraelectric (PC), ferroelectric, and relaxor states for 0.15 ≤x≤ 0.40 have been investigated mainly by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that a microstructure of the ferroelectric state for 0.15 ≤x≤ 0.28 consisted of banded structures with boundaries parallel to the {110}PCand {100}PCplanes. Based on the Sapriel theory concerning ferroelastic transitions, it was understood that the banded structures were consistent with domain structures in the ferroelectric rhombohedral (FR) state having a polarization vector parallel to one of the <111>PCdirections. With the help of the failure of Friedel’s law in diffraction, furthermore, polar regions having <001>PCand <110>PCcomponents of a <111>PCpolarization vector were also found to be separately observed in the PC and relaxor states as well as the FR state. Then, in-situ observation for 0.29 ≤x≤ 0.40 made in this study indicated that the PC and relaxor states consisted of polar nanometer-sized regions having these two components. Based on this, the relaxor state in BTZ can be identified as an assembly of polar nanometer-sized regions, which were produced by the suppression of the (PC→FR) ferroelectric transition on cooling.
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37

Fan, Pengyuan, Shan-Tao Zhang, Jiwen Xu, Jiadong Zang, Chanatip Samart, Ting Zhang, Hua Tan, David Salamon, Haibo Zhang, and Gang Liu. "Relaxor/antiferroelectric composites: a solution to achieve high energy storage performance in lead-free dielectric ceramics." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 17 (2020): 5681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00589d.

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Compared with the relaxor with pinched P–E loops, the relaxor/antiferroelectric (RE/AFE) composites have narrower and oblique curves, proving the design of RE/AFE is an effective method to improve the energy storage properties of dielectric ceramics.
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38

GRINBERG, ILYA, HIROYUKI TAKENAKA, YOUNG-HAN SHIN, and ANDREW M. RAPPE. "PREDICTION OF DIELECTRIC DISPERSION FOR LEAD BASED PEROVSKITES AND STUDY OF LOCAL DIELECTRIC RESPONSE IN 0.75Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.25PbTiO3." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x12410093.

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Relaxors exhibit unique dielectric response properties such as diffuse phase transitions and strong dispersion of the dielectric constant. The origin of these properties is still not fully understood. Here, we review our work on using first-principles-based methods to elucidate the connections between composition, local structure and dynamics in Pb -based relaxors.
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39

Bormanis, K., S. A. Satarov, A. Kalvane, A. I. Burkhanov, A. V. Shil'nikov, and M. Dambekalne. "Low and Infra-Low Frequency Measurements in Lead Titanate Solid Solutions." Solid State Phenomena 115 (August 2006): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.115.229.

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The study of PSN-PT ferroelectric relaxor ceramics exhibiting extreme values of some physical parameters near the morphotropic phase boundary is reported. The results are discussed to account for the relaxor properties related to defects and disordering of the PSN-PT system.
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40

Kumar, Ashok, J. F. Scott, and R. S. Katiyar. "Biferroic relaxors." Applied Physics Letters 99, no. 4 (July 25, 2011): 042907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3610556.

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41

Wang, Jiang, Wei Ping Jing, and Yan Jin Li. "Design of Readout Circuit for Pyroelectric Detector Based on Novel Pyroelectric Materials." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1918–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1918.

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Recently, scientists discovered that relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals, such as (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 -xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT, or PMNT) single crystals, exhibit extra-high pyroelectric responses. They are promising candidates for optical power detectors in broad bandwidth at ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelength.To fabricate high performance infrared detectors with relaxor-based single crystals, the related readout circuit was investigated to increase signal-to-noise ratio, and 8×1 CMOS readout circuit is fabricated to gain very weak current, which provides a solution for uncooled large focal plane arrays devices based on relaxor-based single crystals.
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42

Akbas, Mehmet A., Ian M. Reaney, and William E. Lee. "Domain structure-property relations in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 9 (September 1996): 2293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0292.

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The domain structure and dielectric properties as a function of lanthanum concentration and Zr/Ti ratio have been investigated in rhombohedral and tetragonal lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that, with increasing lanthanum concentration and Zr/Ti ratio, the long-range-ordered domains (macrodomains) reduced in width, initially being fine scale (20 nm) striations, but eventually forming a “mottled” contrast (5 nm), characteristic of a relaxor. Relative permittivity measurements as a function of temperature revealed a correlation between broadening of the dielectric maxima and the onset of relaxor-type behavior with the appearance of the striations and mottled (relaxor) contrast, respectively.
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43

Osman, Rozana A. M., Mohd Sobri Idris, Zul Azhar Zahid Jamal, Sanna Taking, Syarifah Norfaezah Sabki, Prabakaran A. L. Poopalan, Mohd Natashah Norizan, and Ili Salwani Mohamad. "Ferroelectric and Relaxor Ferroelectric to Paralectric Transition Based on Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN) Materials." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.658.

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First ferroelectric materials were found in Rochelle salt was in a perovskite structure. Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN) is a perovskites with a formula of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) and are typical representatives for most of all ferroelectrics materials with relaxor characteristic. It posses high dielectric permittivity which nearly ~ 20,000[ with a broad dielectric permittivity characteristic, known as relaxor ferroelectric below room temperature. Some of the researcher might think that the transition from relaxor ferroelectric to paraelectric is similar to the characteristic as observed from ferroelectric to paraelectric, but it is not necessary. The puzzling is how do we categorise them. How is the domain structure look like typically in ceramic materials.
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44

Yoon, Man Soon, and Soon Chul Ur. "Quantitative Analysis of Micro-Macro Domain Transition of PNN-PT-PZ(x) System at Higher PZ Content." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.542.

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Since the discovery of relaxor behavior in Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O3 (referred to as PMN), the studies of relaxor ferroelectrics with Pb(B'1/3B"2/3)O3 type perovskites have intensified because of their excellent dielectric and electromechanical properties. The present study is mainly focused on the quantitative analysis of micro-macro domain transition, using dielectric spectroscopy, hot-stage TEM. The deviation from Curie-Weiss behavior was investigated over a broad range of temperature. As the relative contents of PbZrO3 increased, the Curie-Weiss temperature decreased, while the Curie-Weiss constant increased. However, the Lorentz polarization factor (γ) decreased with increasing PbZrO3 content, indicating an enhanced relaxor behavior in the PNN-PT-PZ(x) system at higher PZ content. A microscopic examination demonstrates that the relaxor-normal ferroelectric transition corresponds to a micro-macro domain switching. The long-range ferroelectric domains below the transition temperature were characterized by twin-like 90o macro domains with tetragonal symmetry and by the subdomains, which presumably relieves the internal electrostrictive strains associated with the polarization nonuniformity caused by the polar nanodomains.
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45

UCHINO, Kenji. "Relaxor Ferroelectrics." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 99, no. 1154 (1991): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.99.829.

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46

Levstik, A., V. Bobnar, C. Filipič, J. Holc, M. Kosec, R. Blinc, Z. Trontelj, and Z. Jagličić. "Magnetoelectric relaxor." Applied Physics Letters 91, no. 1 (July 2, 2007): 012905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754354.

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47

Cross, L. Eric. "Relaxor ferroelectrics." Ferroelectrics 76, no. 1 (December 1987): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198708016945.

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48

Zheng, Liang, Peicong Sun, Peng Zheng, Wangfeng Bai, Lili Li, Fei Wen, Jingji Zhang, Ningning Wang, and Yang Zhang. "Significantly tailored energy-storage performances in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–SrTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics by introducing bismuth layer-structured relaxor BaBi2Nb2O9 for capacitor application." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 15 (2021): 5234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc00437a.

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An innovative strategy was designed to improve the energy storage properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–SrTiO3 (BNT–ST)-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, in which the bismuth layer-structured relaxor BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) was adopted as the modifier.
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49

WANG, C. L., and M. L. ZHAO. "BURNS TEMPERATURE AND QUANTUM TEMPERATURE SCALE." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 02 (April 2011): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x1100029x.

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In this article, two concepts of temperature, i.e., Burns temperature for relaxor ferroelectrics and quantum temperature scale for quantum paraelectrics, are reviewed briefly. Since both temperatures describe the deviation of the dielectric constant from Curie–Weiss law, their relationship is discussed. Finally the concept of quantum temperature scale is extended to demonstrate the evolution process of quantum paraelectric behavior to relaxor ferroelectric behavior.
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50

Liu, Arthur Haozhe, Lisa Luhong Wang, and Lingping Kong. "Relaxor ferroelectrics materials under high pressure." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090202.

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The rich phase diagrams from both relaxor and normal ferroelectrics under high pressure, stimulate us to study the pressure effect on the relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) systems, to check whether the high pressure cubic structure will turn to low symmetry structure upon strong compression is the common behaviors for relaxor ferroelectrics materials. Furthermore, a complete phase diagram study of pressure-temperature effect on structure will allow us to explore the limitation on applications of relaxor-PT material devices under harsh environment involving in high pressure and high temperature conditions. Structure evolution and phase transition of several solid solution ferroelectrics, such as Pb(YbNb)O3-PT (PYN-PT), have been studied using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques under high pressure and high temperature conditions. XRD results show pressure induced phase transitions to a cubic phase, while the persistence of Raman spectroscopy in the full pressure range indicates its local distortion. A pressure-temperature phase diagram is further constructed to determine the stability region of the ferroelectric phase. The results provide useful guidance for the applications of this kind of high Curie temperature ferroelectric crystal under extreme conditions, and extra clue to synthesis of ferroelectric materials with tailored properties.
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