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Journal articles on the topic 'Releasing Fear and Guilt'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Mosewich, Amber D., Kent C. Kowalski, Catherine M. Sabiston, Whitney A. Sedgwick, and Jessica L. Tracy. "Self-Compassion: A Potential Resource for Young Women Athletes." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 33, no. 1 (February 2011): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.1.103.

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Self-compassion has demonstrated many psychological benefits (Neff, 2009). In an effort to explore self-compassion as a potential resource for young women athletes, we explored relations among self-compassion, proneness to self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt-free shame, guilt, shame-free guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride), and potentially unhealthy self-evaluative thoughts and behaviors (i.e., social physique anxiety, obligatory exercise, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation). Young women athletes (N = 151; Mage = 15.1 years) participated in this study. Self-compassion was negatively related to shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, social physique anxiety, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. In support of theoretical propositions, self-compassion explained variance beyond self-esteem on shame proneness, guilt-free shame proneness, shame-free guilt proneness, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation. Results suggest that, in addition to self-esteem promotion, self-compassion development may be beneficial in cultivating positive sport experiences for young women.

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2

Gangemi, Amelia, and Francesco Mancini. "Obsessive Patients and Deontological Guilt: A Review." Psychopathology Review a4, no. 2 (April 16, 2017): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5127/pr.045916.

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In line with the Appraisal Theories of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD), in this review we present some experiments aimed at demonstrating the role of fear of guilt in OCD. What kind of guilt do OC patients want to prevent? Several studies suggest the existence of two different types of guilt emotions, namely deontological guilt and altruistic guilt. This research suggests that the former, more than the latter, is involved in OCD. Moreover, it demonstrates that the deontological guilt is related to disgust, and that this relationship could explain why both fear of contamination and fear of guilt are often co-present in obsessive patients. Finally, research shows that the Not Just Right Experience (NJRE) in OCD can be influenced by the deontological guilt. Future research should further verify the actual role of deontological guilt in OCD, and its therapeutical implications.

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Baker, Erika, Eugenia Baibazarova, Georgia Ktistaki, Katherine H. Shelton, and Stephanie H. M. van Goozen. "Development of fear and guilt in young children: Stability over time and relations with psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 3 (July 4, 2012): 833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000399.

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AbstractExtremes in fearful temperament have long been associated with later psychopathology and risk pathways. Whereas fearful children are inhibited and anxious and avoid novel events, fearless individuals are disinhibited and more likely to engage in aggressive behavior. However, very few studies have examined fear in infants from a multimethod and prospective longitudinal perspective. This study had the following objectives: to examine behavioral, maternal reported, and physiological indices of fearful temperament in infancy, together with their relations and stability over time; and to establish whether early indices of fear predict fear later in toddlerhood. We also examined the association between behavioral and physiological measures of fear and guilt and whether fear in infancy predicts guilt in toddlers. Finally, we investigated infant risk factors for later psychopathology. We recorded skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate (HR) and observed children's responses during a Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery fear paradigm across the first 3 years of life and during a guilt induction procedure at age 3 (N = 70). The results indicate that different measures of infant fear were associated across time. Observed fearlessness in infancy predicted observed fearlessness and low levels of SCL arousal to fear and guilt in toddlers. Low levels of HR and SCL to fear in infancy predicted low levels of physiological arousal to the same situation and to guilt 2 years later. Fear and guilt were significantly associated across measures. Finally, toddlers with clinically significant internalizing problems at age 3 were already notably more fearful in Year 1 as reflected by their significantly higher HR levels. The results indicated that assessments of children in infancy are predictive of how these children react 2 years later and therefore lend support to the idea that the emotional thermostat is set in the first 3 years of life. They also showed, for the first time, that infant fear is a predictor of guilt, which is an emotion that develops later. The implications of these findings for our understanding of developmental psychopathology are discussed.

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4

Breitbart, William. "Existential guilt and the fear of death." Palliative and Supportive Care 15, no. 5 (August 22, 2017): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951517000797.

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5

O’Connor, Lynn E., Jack W. Berry, Joseph Weiss, and Paul Gilbert. "Guilt, fear, submission, and empathy in depression." Journal of Affective Disorders 71, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00408-6.

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6

Dewey, Daniel, David Schuldberg, and Renee Madathil. "Do Peritraumatic Emotions Differentially Predict PTSD Symptom Clusters? Initial Evidence for Emotion Specificity." Psychological Reports 115, no. 1 (August 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/16.02.pr0.115c11z7.

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This study investigated whether specific peritraumatic emotions differentially predict PTSD symptom clusters in individuals who have experienced stressful life events. Hypotheses were developed based on the SPAARS model of PTSD. It was predicted that the peritraumatic emotions of anger, disgust, guilt, and fear would significantly predict re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms, while only fear would predict hyperarousal. Undergraduate students ( N = 144) participated in this study by completing a packet of self-report questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses were conducted with PCL-S symptom cluster scores as dependent variables and peritraumatic fear, guilt, anger, shame, and disgust as predictor variables. As hypothesized, peritraumatic anger, guilt, and fear all significantly predicted re-experiencing. However, only fear predicted avoidance, and anger significantly predicted hyperarousal. Results are discussed in relation to the theoretical role of emotions in the etiology of PTSD following the experience of a stressful life event.

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7

Beech, Geoff. "Shame/Honor, Guilt/Innocence, Fear/Power in Relationship Contexts." International Bulletin of Mission Research 42, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939318783682.

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All human beings seek to avoid shame, guilt, and fear, responses that sociologists have paired, respectively, with honor, innocence, and power. Examination of cultures has shown that the shame/honor, guilt/innocence, and fear/power affective domain pairs are prioritized differently in different cultures. Western missiologists have seen the connection between guilt and innocence and the Gospel but have also shown interest in the other pairs, and some have linked pair prioritization with particular religious contexts. My research found that, rather than religion per se, the prioritizations emerge from deeply embedded worldview assumptions pertaining to relationship structures, which are culturally or socially determined.

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8

Gérvas, Juan, Iona Heath, Antonio Durán, and Joan Gené. "Clinical prevention: patients' fear and the doctor's guilt." European Journal of General Practice 15, no. 3 (January 2009): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13814780903242481.

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9

Brennan, Linda, and Wayne Binney. "Fear, guilt, and shame appeals in social marketing." Journal of Business Research 63, no. 2 (February 2010): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.02.006.

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10

Becheur, Imène, and Pierre Valette-Florence. "The use of negative emotions in health communication messages: Study of the effects of fear, guilt, and shame." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 29, no. 4 (October 9, 2014): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570714552620.

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This work examines the effects of the use of three negative emotions – fear, guilt and shame – in anti-alcohol messages. Perceptions of two types of threat – physical and social – create negative emotions related to fear, shame and guilt, which in turn have an impact on persuasion. More than 1000 young students were subjected to experiments manipulating the three negative emotions studied. The results show that, like fear, guilt and shame also increase persuasion. Specifically, the study argues for the use of shame in ads fighting against alcohol abuse among young people. Shame resulting from exposure to a social threat related to peer evaluation had the strongest impact on persuasion compared to the other two emotions. Moreover, some individual variables such as affect intensity and self-efficacy would promote persuasion.

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11

Sohal, V. S. "Releasing the Brake Drives Fear Behavior." Science Translational Medicine 6, no. 219 (January 15, 2014): 219ec12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3008282.

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Cozens, Simon. "Shame Cultures, Fear Cultures, and Guilt Cultures: Reviewing the Evidence." International Bulletin of Mission Research 42, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939318764087.

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Eugene Nida’s distinction between “shame cultures,” “fear cultures,” and “guilt cultures” has become a foundational assumption of the “global Gospel” / “honor-shame” streams of missiology. It is periodically necessary to test such assumptions, particularly in the light of later developments within the disciplines of anthropology and sociology and the availability of empirical evidence. I argue here that the shame/guilt division is not clearly demarcated and that subsequent critique has cast doubt on its validity as a categorical concept. Missiology operating under its assumptions needs to reflect both the conceptual complexity and the limited empirical evidence for such a distinction.

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Chu, Haoran, and Janet Z. Yang. "Emotion and the Psychological Distance of Climate Change." Science Communication 41, no. 6 (December 2019): 761–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547019889637.

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Anchored by construal level theory and appraisal theories of emotion, this study examines whether discrete emotions vary along with perceived psychological distance of climate change impacts. We found that reduced psychological distance perception led to an increase in concrete emotions such as anger, fear, sadness, and guilt. In contrast, increased psychological distance perception led to an increase in hope—an abstract emotion. Compared to anger, anxiety, and hope, fear, guilt, and shame had more limited impact on climate mitigation action and policy support. Trait empathy moderated the effect of psychological distance manipulation on distance perception and emotions.

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14

Whiteman, Darrell. "Shame/Honor, Guilt/Innocence, Fear/Power: A Missiological Response to Simon Cozens and Geoff Beech." International Bulletin of Mission Research 42, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939318788783.

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There has been a significant increased interest among academic missiologists and mission practitioners in applying the concepts of shame/honor, guilt/innocence, and to a lesser extent fear/power, in cross-cultural ministry. This article responds to Simon Cozens’s and Geoff Beech’s contributions and notes the weaknesses of characterizing entire cultures as oriented to shame, guilt, or fear. Despite the caution of overgeneralization and stereotyping, there are some strengths in these concepts, which have been helpful in cross-cultural ministry. They should also be used to enable Western missionaries to discover the weaknesses and blind spots in their own ministry, biblical interpretations, and theology.

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15

Bilandzic, Helena, Anja Kalch, and Jens Soentgen. "Effects of Goal Framing and Emotions on Perceived Threat and Willingness to Sacrifice for Climate Change." Science Communication 39, no. 4 (July 25, 2017): 466–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547017718553.

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This study explores discrete emotions (guilt, fear, hope) as mediators for effects of goal framing on perceived threat of climate change and willingness to sacrifice. To reconcile conflicting evidence, the study introduces and tests the distinction between gain-positive frames (positive consequences of engaging in climate protection), gain-negative frames (avoiding negative consequences when engaging in climate protection), and loss frames (negative consequences of not engaging in climate protection). Results show that gain-negative frames increase perceived threat and willingness to sacrifice, while loss frames increase them through guilt and fear. Hope is increased by a gain-positive frame but subsequently lowers both outcomes.

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Darlington, Yvonne. "Working with sexually abused children: Insights from adult survivors." Children Australia 20, no. 3 (1995): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200004582.

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In a qualitative study of adult women's experiences of having been sexually abused as children, research participants reported their recollections of their responses, as children, to sexual abuse and of their relationships with mothers and peers.Childhood responses to sexual abuse included attempts to escape, fear, guilt and shame. Attempts to escape encompassed physical resistance as well as mental processes, such as daydreaming and dissociation. Despite numerous such attempts to escape, in the context of immobilising fear, many still blamed themselves for the sexual abuse. Many also experienced shame, a profound sense of exposure and humiliation. Relationships with mothers were dominated by feelings of loss and betrayal which, in several cases, had persisted into adulthood. Relationships with peers were characterised by isolation, with underlying fear of rejection and humiliation. Physical and verbal abuse, by a wider range of perpetrators, was common.Several conclusions for therapy with sexually abused children are drawn: Attention to the full range of attempts to escape sexual abuse, in the context of immobilising fear, could help dispel children's sense of guilt about sexual abuse. The experiences of guilt and shame should both be addressed. In not blaming mothers for sexual abuse, any negative aspects of the child's experience of his or her relationship with mother should not be inadvertently minimised. The fear of exposure or rejection underlying poor peer relationships should be addressed as part of attempts at improving peer relationships. Isolation accruing from other forms of child abuse by a wider range of perpetrators needs to be addressed.

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17

Melli, Gabriele, Paola Gremigni, Lisa S. Elwood, Eleonora Stopani, Francesco Bulli, and Claudia Carraresi. "The Relationship Between Trait Guilt, Disgust Propensity, and Contamination Fear." International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 8, no. 3 (September 2015): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/ijct_2015_8_01.

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18

Hackathorn, Jana, Jordan Daniels, Brien K. Ashdown, and Sean Rife. "From fear and guilt: negative perceptions of Ashley Madison users." Psychology & Sexuality 8, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2017): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2017.1316767.

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Mancini, Francesco, and Amelia Gangemi. "Fear of guilt from behaving irresponsibly in obsessive–compulsive disorder." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 35, no. 2 (June 2004): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.04.003.

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20

Murkar, A., P. Kent, C. Cayer, J. James, and Z. Merali. "Gastrin-releasing peptide attenuates fear memory reconsolidation." Behavioural Brain Research 347 (July 2018): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.037.

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21

Yuliati, Reny, Billy Koernianti Sarwono, Abdillah Ahsan, I. Gusti Lanang Agung Kharisma Wibhisono, and Dian Kusuma. "Effect of Message Approach and Image Size on Pictorial Health Warning Effectiveness on Cigarette Pack in Indonesia: A Mixed Factorial Experiment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136854.

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Background: Cigarette consumption remains high and increasing in Indonesia. The government implemented a pictorial health warnings requirement of 40% cover of the pack (front and back) using fear appeal messages. Objective: Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of cigarette pictorial health warnings by message and size. Methods: We conducted a mixed factorial experiment online study using three messaging approaches (fear vs. guilt vs. financial loss) and two picture sizes (40% vs. 75%) among 209 smoking participants. Sociodemographic variables included gender, education, income, employment status, and marital status. Data analysis used a mixed model ANOVA to see the main effect and interaction effect on dependent variables. For subgroup analysis, we used t-test and one-way ANOVA. All analyzes were in SPSS 22. Results: We found significant differences in the three message types, in which fear and guilt have higher effectiveness than financial loss. By subgroup, the guilt message was more compelling among female smokers and married smokers. The financial loss message was effective among lower-income smokers. We found no difference in pictorial health warning effectiveness by image size, potentially because participants could zoom in/out the cigarette pack image on the screen. Conclusions: Our finding supports more diverse message types in pictorial health warnings in Indonesia and other countries.

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Novin, Sheida, Evelien Broekhof, and Carolien Rieffe. "Bidirectional relationships between bullying, victimization and emotion experience in boys with and without autism." Autism 23, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361318787446.

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Adolescents with autism are more often victims of bullying than peers without autism. Although prior work indicates that emotions play an important role, bidirectional relationships are yet unknown. This study examines the longitudinal associations of anger, fear, guilt and shame with being victimized and bullying others in adolescent boys with and without autism. On three occasions (9 months in between) 169 boys (43% with autism, 11.6 years at T1) completed self-reports. Findings show that more anger and less guilt predicted bullying behaviour, and vice versa, in both groups. In addition, more anger and fear predicted victimization. Fear was a stronger predictor in boys without autism. In turn, victimization predicted more anger, fear and shame. Especially, boys with autism reported more anger after being bullied, suggesting a tenacious vicious circle: these youngsters are likely to be angered when being bullied, which, in turn, makes them a target for bullies. Our findings provide new theoretical insights in the role emotions play in the emergence and maintenance of victimization/bullying others in boys with and without autism.

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Lubavskaya, A., I. Oleichik, and E. M. Ivanova. "Gelotophobia, Gelotophiles, and Katagelasticists in Patients with Depression." Клиническая и специальная психология 7, no. 3 (2018): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2018070307.

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The article presents a study of gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) for depression. 32 patients with depressive syndrome and 33 mentally healthy people were examined with a complex of methods: clinical interview, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, gelotophobia, gelotophilia and katagelasticism questionnaire the PhoPhiKat<30>, the Guilt and Shame Proneness scale (GASP), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. The results showed higher gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at) in patients with depressive syndrome in comparison with the control group, and, on the other hand, lower gelotophilia (the joy of being a target of laughter) and katagelasticism (the joy of laughing at others). No differences on gelotophobia were found in the subgroups of patients with depression within schizophrenia and affective disorders. Gelotophobia under depression was closely connected with social anxiety and the fear of negative evaluation, but was not associated with aggression. Although depression includes experiencing both guilt and shame, gelotophobia characterized only those patients who tended to experience shame. The results of the study allow to reveal specifics of the fear of being laughed at under depression, which may be used in clinical diagnostics and psycho-rehabilitation of these patients.

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Peschel, Richard, and Enid Peschel. "“Should i Have an Affair?”: A Case Study." Psychological Reports 65, no. 2 (October 1989): 648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.2.648.

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Forced to face the possibility of dying of cancer soon, a patient may question previous values and practices. A medical practitioner can learn a lot from such patients about fear, guilt, depression, and hope.

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Goldwert, Marvin. "Teleology and Paranoia: The Search for Meaning." Psychological Reports 72, no. 1 (February 1993): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.1.326.

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This paper describes how a paranoid patient, having feelings of guilt and fear and a messianic grandiosity, may construct a teleology based on cosmic bisexuality, by which meaning may be given to his suffering.

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Aveling, Nado. "Beyond Guilt, Fear and Alienation: Confronting ‘Whiteness’ with Teacher Education students." International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 4, no. 1 (2006): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v04/38814.

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Seiler, Michael J., Vicky L. Seiler, Mark A. Lane, and David M. Harrison. "Fear, Shame and Guilt: Economic and Behavioral Motivations for Strategic Default." Real Estate Economics 40 (December 2012): S199—S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6229.2012.00349.x.

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Mancini, Francesco, and Amelia Gangemi. "The role of responsibility and fear of guilt in hypothesis-testing." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 37, no. 4 (December 2006): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.03.004.

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29

Hooker, J. T. "Homeric Society: A Shame-Culture?" Greece and Rome 34, no. 2 (October 1987): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500028060.

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It is widely known that in the first two chapters of his Greeks and the Irrational E. R. Dodds borrowed the terms ‘shame-culture’ and ‘guilt-culture’ and applied them to early Greek society. According to Dodds, the society depicted by Homer knew nothing of guilt or the sanction of guilt: what acted as a motivating force was aidōs, ‘shame’ or ‘sense of shame’, of which the sanction was nemesis, ‘righteous indignation’. In other words, the warriors of the heroic caste were impelled to certain courses of action, or were restrained from others, by aidōs: they were ashamed of ‘losing face’ among their equals or inferiors, and this fear of public indignation kept before the mind of the heroes where their duty lay. As the Archaic age advanced (Dodds contends), the sense of guilt became manifest, without however displacing entirely the assumptions of the earlier ‘shame-culture’.

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Shepherd, Lee, Cherokee Walbey, and Brian Lovell. "The Role of Social-Cognitive and Emotional Factors on Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration." Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 3 (June 11, 2017): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417708187.

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Background: Previous research has suggested that exclusive breastfeeding is likely to be predicted by social-cognitive variables and fear. However, there is little research assessing the role of regret and self-conscious emotions (e.g., pride and guilt) in promoting exclusive breastfeeding. Research aim: The primary aim of this research was to determine whether social-cognitive variables, fear, regret, and self-conscious emotions predict exclusive breastfeeding duration. The secondary aim of this research was to assess whether these factors predict infant-feeding choice (i.e., exclusively breastfed, combination fed, or generally formula fed). Methods: In this nonexperimental one-group self-report survey, 375 mothers rated social-cognitive variables toward breastfeeding (attitude, subjective norm, perceived control, and self-efficacy), their fear toward inadequate nutrition from breastfeeding and breastfeeding damaging their physical appearance, and the extent to which mothers may feel pride toward breastfeeding and negative self-conscious emotions (guilt and shame) and regret for not breastfeeding their infant. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding duration was positively predicted by self-efficacy, pride, and regret but negatively predicted by the fear toward inadequate nutrition. We also found that in contrast with exclusive breastfeeding, generally formula feeding an infant was associated with lower self-efficacy, pride, and regret but higher subjective norm and fear toward inadequate nutrition through breastfeeding. Conclusion: The authors argue that it is important to consider the role of self-conscious emotions and regret on exclusive breastfeeding.

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Sánchez-García, Isabel, Homero Rodríguez-Insuasti, José Martí-Parreño, and Antonio Sánchez-Mena. "Nutritional traffic light and self-regulatory consumption: the role of emotions." British Food Journal 121, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2018-0192.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the nutritional traffic light can reduce consumers’ intention to purchase unhealthy food by eliciting negative emotions (i.e. fear and guilt). The work also examines the moderating role of income in the above-mentioned relationships. Design/methodology/approach The empirical study was conducted in Ecuador. In an initial phase, exploratory research was carried out with two focus groups. Then a quasi-experiment was conducted with 330 participants following a 3×2 design, in which the nutritional traffic light for a dairy product (green, yellow, red) and the variable income (high and low income) were manipulated. Findings Traffic light colours (red, yellow and green) significantly influence consumers’ levels of fear and guilt as well as their intention to purchase. Income has also been found to have a moderating effect on the above relationships. Practical implications Further understanding of how nutritional labels influence consumer behaviour may have beneficial effects for public authorities attempting to improve citizens’ health and for society as a whole. It may also help firms that produce and market packaged foods to be aware of what type of foods new consumers want and adapt their offering in consequence. Originality/value The main contribution of this work is the analysis of the influence of the nutritional traffic light on emotions, namely, fear and guilt and how these emotions lead consumers to control their consumption of unhealthy foods. In addition, the present work proposes the moderating effect of income on the influence of colour on emotions and purchase intention.

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Künkler, Tobias, Tobias Faix, and Marie Jäckel. "The Guilt Phenomenon. An Analysis of Emotions Towards God in Highly Religious Adolescents and Young Adults." Religions 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11080420.

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In his model of religiosity, Huber postulates a “qualitative leap” between the groups of the “religious” and the “highly religious”. Correspondingly, the data from the Empirica Youth Survey 2018 underline that the topic of guilt and forgiveness is in itself only really present in the “highly religious”. Thus, this article aims to provide a detailed analysis of the relation between emotions towards God and the centrality of religiosity. One of the results of the exploratory factor analysis concludes that emotions towards God comprise three aspects within Protestant “highly religious” adolescents and young adults: a factor for positive emotions, one for negative emotions, and a third for emotions of guilt, release and fear. In this article, we focus on the factor that drives the experience of guilt (and release and fear) and conclude that it is a phenomenon only found within the “highly religious” and not the “religious” Protestant adolescents and young adults. We explicitly incorporate the journal’s main foci in two regards: First, we focus on the particularities of the group of “highly religious” people as identified by the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) along with the interactions between the theoretical concept of centrality of religiosity and the content of religiosity. Secondly, we briefly compare “highly religious” with “religious” adolescents and young adults.

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Wood, Mark. "Book Review: The 3D Gospel: Ministry in Guilt, Shame, and Fear Cultures." Missiology: An International Review 44, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829615606869a.

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Block, Lauren G. "Self-Referenced Fear and Guilt Appeals: The Moderating Role of Self-Construal." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 35, no. 11 (November 2005): 2290–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02103.x.

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Armstrong, Lois Joy. "Health, Rights, and Culture." Christian Journal for Global Health 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v6i1.269.

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Crossing cultures challenges the way one thinks about health and rights. Cultural anthropology provides a framework that helps clarify these issues by categorising cultures by their dominant method of governing behaviour and maintaining social order: 1. Guilt-Innocence cultures, 2. Honour-Shame cultures and 3. Fear-Power cultures. Rights do not easily fit in either Honour-Shame cultures or Fear-Power cultures as compared to Guilt-Innocence cultures. Jesus uses Honour-Shame language in his teachings regarding the care of the poor and neglected, rather than the language of rights. Understanding the culture of the Bible, as well as the culture you are working in, can help provide alternate methods of carrying out health work. Jesus also addresses greed, the deceptive trap of rights, where people always want more. In the book of Revelation, there is one right available to all who have clean robes - the right to the Tree of Life; the leaves of this tree provide healing of for all nations.

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Yang, Bo, Jiaying Liu, and Lucy Popova. "Feeling Hopeful Motivates Change: Emotional Responses to Messages Communicating Comparative Risk of Electronic Cigarettes and Combusted Cigarettes." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 3 (February 10, 2019): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118825236.

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Background. Emotions are important in smoking-related communications, but the role of discrete positive and negative emotions in comparative risk messages about combusted and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is unclear. Method. In an online experiment, 1,202 U.S. adult current smokers or recent quitters were randomized to view one of six messages about comparative risk of e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Participants reported their feelings of hope, happiness, fear, guilt, disgust, and anger and risk perceptions and behavioral intentions about e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Results. Hope was associated with higher perceived absolute cigarette risk, lower perceived absolute and comparative e-cigarette risk, and stronger intentions to quit smoking, seek quit help, use nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), switch to e-cigarettes, and use e-cigarettes exclusively versus dual use. Happiness was related to stronger intentions to seek quit help, use NRT, and switch to e-cigarettes but higher perceived comparative risk of e-cigarettes. Fear was associated with stronger intentions to quit smoking, seek quit help, use NRT, and switch to e-cigarettes. Guilt was related to higher perceived absolute cigarette risk, lower perceived comparative e-cigarette risk, and stronger intentions to use NRT. Disgust was associated with higher absolute and comparative e-cigarette risk and stronger intentions to quit smoking, seek quit help, and use e-cigarettes exclusively versus dual use. Anger was related to lower perceived absolute cigarette risk, higher perceived comparative e-cigarette risk, and weaker intentions to quit smoking. Conclusion. Comparative risk messages about e-cigarettes that arouse hope, fear, and guilt and avoid anger might be particularly likely to have positive impact on smokers.

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Case, Kim A. "Raising White Privilege Awareness and Reducing Racial Prejudice: Assessing Diversity Course Effectiveness." Teaching of Psychology 34, no. 4 (October 2007): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986280701700250.

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Many diversity courses in psychology originally aimed to reduce student racial bias and raise their awareness of racism. However, quantitative data testing the effectiveness of such courses are lacking. This study assessed a required diversity course's effectiveness in raising awareness of White privilege and racism; increasing support for affirmative action; and reducing prejudice, guilt, and fear of other races. Students ( N = 146) completed identical surveys during the first and last weeks of the semester. Results indicated greater awareness of White privilege and racism and more support for affirmative action by the end of the term. White students ( n = 131) also expressed greater White guilt after completing the course.

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Costa, D. L. C., J. B. Diniz, Y. A. Ferrão, M. C. Rosario-Campos, E. C. Miguel, R. G. Shavitt, A. R. Torres, and L. F. Fontenelle. "P.4.b.004 Fear of dying and fear of guilt: panic disorder/agoraphobia comorbidity in obsessive–compulsive disorder." European Neuropsychopharmacology 23 (October 2013): S513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(13)70814-9.

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Carcioppolo, Nick, Cong Li, Elena V. Chudnovskaya, Rebecca Kharsa, Tyler Stephan, and Kelly Nickel. "The Comparative Efficacy of a Hybrid Guilt-Fear Appeal and a Traditional Fear Appeal to Influence HPV Vaccination Intentions." Communication Research 44, no. 3 (July 9, 2016): 437–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215616457.

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Oberman, Heiko A., Jean Delumeau, and Eric Nicholson. "Sin and Fear: The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture 13th-18th Centuries." Sixteenth Century Journal 23, no. 1 (1992): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542078.

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Luehrs, Robert B. "Sin and Fear: The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture, 13th-18th Centuries." History: Reviews of New Books 20, no. 3 (April 1992): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1992.9949711.

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Stearns, Peter N., Jean Delumeau, and Eric Nicholson. "Sin and Fear: The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture, 13th-18th Centuries." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 23, no. 1 (1992): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205500.

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Nelissen, Rob M. A., Marijke C. Leliveld, Eric van Dijk, and Marcel Zeelenberg. "Fear and guilt in proposers: Using emotions to explain offers in ultimatum bargaining." European Journal of Social Psychology 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.735.

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Nielsen, Donald A., Jean Delumeau, and Eric Nicholson. "Sin and Fear: The Emergence of a Western Guilt Culture, 13th-18th Centuries." Sociological Analysis 52, no. 2 (1991): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3710967.

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Faver, Catherine A., and Elizabeth B. Strand. "Fear, Guilt, and Grief: Harm to Pets and the Emotional Abuse of Women." Journal of Emotional Abuse 7, no. 1 (April 2, 2007): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j135v07n01_04.

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Guttman, Nurit, and Charles T. Salmon. "Guilt, Fear, Stigma and Knowledge Gaps: Ethical Issues in Public Health Communication Interventions." Bioethics 18, no. 6 (November 2004): 531–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8519.2004.00415.x.

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Stern, Barbara B. "Medieval Allegory: Roots of Advertising Strategy for the Mass Market." Journal of Marketing 52, no. 3 (July 1988): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298805200308.

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The author examines the medieval literary tradition of allegory and relates it to contemporary advertising. Allegory is characterized by the use of metaphor, personification, and moral conflict. This tradition is the basis of advertisements that use fear to convey didactic instruction to mass audiences. The author describes the use of allegory in advertising strategy in terms of message appeal, product benefits, target audience, and media design. Five areas for future research are suggested: content analysis of allegorical advertisements, cross-cultural implications, fear and guilt appeals, taxonomy of personifications as presenters, and effects of metaphors and symbols on advertising recall and comprehension.

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Göttlich, Martin, Anna Lisa Westermair, Frederike Beyer, Marie Luise Bußmann, Ulrich Schweiger, and Ulrike M. Krämer. "Neural basis of shame and guilt experience in women with borderline personality disorder." European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 270, no. 8 (May 7, 2020): 979–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-020-01132-z.

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Abstract Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by instability of affect, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal dysfunction. Especially shame and guilt, so-called self-conscious emotions, are of central clinical relevance to BPD. However, only few experimental studies have focused on shame or guilt in BPD and none investigated their neurobiological underpinnings. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we took a scenario-based approach to experimentally induce feelings of shame, guilt, and disgust with neutral scenarios as control condition. We included 19 women with BPD (age 26.4 ± 5.8 years; DSM-IV diagnosed; medicated) and 22 healthy female control subjects (age 26.4 ± 4.6 years; matched for age and verbal IQ). Compared to controls, women with BPD reported more intense feelings when being confronted with affective scenarios, especially higher levels of shame, guilt, and fear. We found increased amygdala reactivity in BPD compared to controls for shame and guilt, but not for disgust scenarios (p = 0.05 FWE corrected at the cluster level; p < 0.0001 cluster defining threshold). Exploratory analyses showed that this was caused by a diminished habituation in women with BPD relative to control participants. This effect was specific to guilt and shame scenarios as both groups showed amygdala habituation to disgust scenarios. Our work suggests that heightened shame and guilt experience in BPD is not related to increased amygdala activity per se, but rather to decreased habituation to self-conscious emotions. This provides an explanation for the inconsistencies in previous imaging work on amygdala involvement in BPD as well as the typically slow progress in the psychotherapy of dysfunctional self-conscious emotions in this patient group.

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Sandhu, Daya S., and Badiolah R. Asrabadi. "Development of an Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students: Preliminary Findings." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (August 1994): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.435.

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Description of the development and testing of a new 36-item scale in Likert format, designed to assess the acculturative stress of international students, includes perceived discrimination, homesickness, fear, guilt, perceived hatred, and stress due to change (cultural shock), identified as major contributing factors. The psychometric properties of this instrument and implications for use by mental health practitioners are discussed.

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Rodríguez, Agustín Martín, and Mª Ángeles Pérez San Gregorio. "Psychosocial Adaptation in Relatives of Critically Injured Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit." Spanish Journal of Psychology 8, no. 1 (May 2005): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004947.

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The aim of this study is to analyze how the length of time a patient spends in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) affects close relatives, with regard to specific clinical variables of personality, family relationships and fear of death. The study group consisted of 57 relatives of seriously ill patients admitted to the ICU of “Virgen del Rocío” Rehabilitation and Trauma Hospital (Seville, Spain). The instruments applied were: a psychosocial questionnaire, clinical analysis questionnaire, family environment scale and fear of death scale. The relatives of patients admitted to ICU obtained higher scores in hypochondria, suicidal depression, agitation, anxious depression, guilt-resentment, paranoia, psychasthenia, psychological maladjustment and self-expression, and less in fear of their own death, as when compared to interviews with the same relatives 4 years later. The length of time a patient spent in the ICU influenced relatives in some clinical variables of personality, family relationships and fear of death.

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