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Harding, Patrick. "Task relevant image content segmentation for compression." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2812.
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This thesis is concerned with the automatic detection and segmentation of visually salient image regions and subsequent targeted image compression in order to maintain observer performance levels while reducing image filesize. In moving towards this goal, pertinent issues have been addressed: the viability of "black-box" frequency transmission models, statistical measures of the effect of image processing, observer perception of processed images and how computer vision "feature points" correspond to visually salient image content. We show that image feature points are distributed towards visually-salient image regions: regions that are likely to attract observer attention. This remains true even when the "task" of the observer is changed: observers performing a task generally direct their attention towards image regions naturally rich in feature points. A new algorithm based on feature points, "Visual Interest", is proposed to predict image regions attended by observers. This method segments image content likely to attract visual attention under a variety of viewing conditions: passive viewing and search-directed viewing for different observer tasks. The algorithm improves the predictive power of observer eye fixations during object search task relative to "bottom-up" models. It responds only to image content, requiring no prior machine learning, in contrast to the scientific state-of-theart which relies explicitly on object categorisation. "Visual Interest" can also be run with object recognition to refine the segmentation for a particular object-category search task to reduce the "salient" area to tighter image areas. The resultant segmentation into salient and non-salient regions is used to generate regionof- interest compressed images suitable for multi-task observer analysis. Using pre-blur of JPEG we gain 15% filesize reduction beyond global JPEG application acting on image content alone and 25% when combined with object recognition. Using JPEG2000 ROI gives reductions of down to 25% of the original filesize while achieving gain in PSNR and SSIM statistics over the ROI, with the benefit of ROI priority transmission.
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Bell, Richette. "Content alaysis of selected literature relevant to child abuse and self-esteem." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1997. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/114.
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Statement of the Purpose: Selected pertinent literature was examined to see the effects that child abuse had on the self-esteem and psychological development of children. Methodology: A content analysis technique of research was used. Findings: The major finding was that child abuse had negative effects on a child’s self—esteem and psychological development. Some effects were long—termed.
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Schmitz-Justen, Felix J. "Knowledge factors : how to animate members of online communities to create knowledge-relevant content /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0710/2006047271.html.
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Ramsell, Daniel. "Improve and optimize search engine : To provide better and relevant content for the customer." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36805.
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This report has conducted a research of comparing a few open source search engines. The research contains two evaluation processes, the first evaluation will evaluate each open source search engine found on today’s market. Points will be given between one to five points depending on how well the open source search engine meets the requirements. The open source search engine with the highest score will then be chosen for implementation. The first evaluation resulted in Elasticsearch being the selected open source search engine and will continue to the implementation phase. The second evaluation will be measuring the system performance and the relevance of the SERP (Search Engine Results Pages). This phase will evaluate the system performance by taking time measurements on how long it takes for the search engines to deliver the SERP. The relevance of the search results will be judge by a group of CSN employers. The group will be giving point be-tween one to five points depending on the relevance of the SERP. It will eval-uate Elasticsearch with the search engine CSN are using today on their web-site (www.csn.se). This phase resulted in Elasticsearch being the better in performance measurements but not in the relevance of the SERP. This was discussed and came to the conclusion that most points were lost because of the first search result Elasticsearch delivered. If this search result was re-moved Elasticsearch could deliver as good results as the old search engine. The survey came to the conclusion that Elasticsearch is recommended for CSN if certain problem areas could be corrected before implementation into their systems.
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Wilson, Sarah Marie. "In Search of Culturally Relevant, Trauma-Informed Education: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Existing Models." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1625149287286798.
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Christiansen, Ammon J. "Finding Relevant PDF Medical Journal Articles by the Content of Their Figures as well as Their Text." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/872.
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This work addresses the need for an alternative to keyword-based search for sifting through large PDF medical journal article document collections for literature review purposes. Despite users' best efforts to form precise and accurate queries, it is often difficult to guess the right keywords to find all the related articles while finding a minimum number of unrelated ones. Failure during literature review to find relevant, related research results in wasted research time and effort in addition to missing significant work in the related area which could affect the quality of the research work being conducted. The purpose of this work is to explore the benefits of a retrieval system for professional journal articles in PDF format that supports hybrid queries composed of both text and images. PDF medical journal articles contain formatting and layout information that imply the structure and organization of the document. They also contain figures and tables rich with content and meaning. Stripping a PDF into “full-text” for indexing purposes disregards these important features. Specifically, this work investigated the following: (1) what effect the incorporation of a document's embedded figures into the query (in addition to its text) has on retrieval performance (precision) compared to plain keyword-based search; (2) how current text-based document-query similarity methods can be enhanced by using formatting and font-size information as a structure and organization model for a PDF document; (3) whether to use the standard Euclidean distance function or the matrix distance function for content-based image retrieval; (4) how to convert a PDF into a structured, formatted, reflowable XML representation given a pure-layout PDF document; (5) what document views (such as a term frequency cloud, a document outline, or a document's figures) would help users wade through search results to quickly select those that are worth a closer look. While the results of the experiments were unexpectedly worse than their baselines of comparison (see the conclusion for a summary), the experimental methods are very valuable in showing others what directions have already been pursued and why they did not work and what remaining problems need to be solved in order to achieve the goal of improving literature review through use of a hybrid text and image retrieval system.
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Irvin, Jennifer Elaine. "Construction of Smoking-Relevant Risk Perceptions among College Students: The Influence of Need for Cognition and Message Content." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000050.
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Insley, Lyman A. "Toward Critical Counseling: A Content Analysis of Critical Race Theory and Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in Community College Counselor Education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/954.
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Background: Prior to the early 1990s, most counselor preparation programs did not have multicultural competencies. Therefore, a call was made for the use of multicultural competencies in counselor preparation programs. Yet, the popularization of multicultural competencies of this time in education had a Eurocentric bent, a kind of colorblindness
More recently, scholars confirmed that these Eurocentric multicultural competencies had become the primary template from which counselor preparation programs taught culturally responsive and relevant pedagogy. Therefore, a call was made for the use of critical race theory (CRT) in counselor preparation programs to challenge and change Eurocentric cultural competence.
Purpose: This study explored the presence of CRT and culturally relevant pedagogy in an educational counseling master’s program preparing community college counselors.
Methodology: This content analysis explored an educational counseling master’s program. Various data collection methods employed included program document analysis, and semi-structured interviews of program faculty/counselor-educators, program student-counselors/alumni.
Conclusion: The main findings of this content analysis are that although not explicit, and albeit limited, evidence of CRT themes were inferred in some way in the program’s content; while culturally relevant pedagogy was evident within the variety of counseling techniques employed.
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Hellwig, Bridget M. "The viscosity of dacitic liquids measured at conditions relevant to explosive arc volcanism determing the influence of temperature, silicate composition, and dissolved volatile content /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4597.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 7, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Ström, Niklas. "Essays on Information Disclosure : Content, Consequence and Relevance." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6988.
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This thesis provides new insight into the information environments of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and analysts’ equity reports. The thesis consists of four essays that address the issues of firm disclosure and the relevance of information for analysts and investors in the capital market. The research question concerns the role of accounting information on the capital market. The present thesis entails the following analyses: (i) An analysis of the content in IPO prospectuses (ii) Cross-sectional analyses on factors affecting prospectus disclosure (iii) An analysis of the short- and long-run returns of IPOs (iv) An analysis of the relevance of IPO disclosure on IPO valuation (v) An analysis of non-financial information content in analysts’ reports (vi) An analysis of the valuation relevance of non-financial information The first essay examines prospectus disclosure and looks at explanations as to the factors that drive the disclosure. The findings reveal that IPO firms provide more information in their prospectus in comparison with non-IPO firms. The second essay analyzes how prospectus disclosure affects IPO valuation in the secondary market. It is hypothesized that increased disclosure in the prospectus decreases valuation uncertainty, which implicates lower underpricing for the IPO firm. The essay shows that Swedish IPOs are underpriced. However, disclosure is not found to be related to underpricing. The third essay examines the extent and type of forecasts provided in the prospectuses and the value relevance of this information. The study reveals a reduction in profit and sales forecast disclosures while at the same time shows an increase in sales growth forecasts for the period 1996-2004. The essay finds that forecast information is particularly relevant to investors and analysts. Forecast disclosing firms demonstrate a significantly lower underpricing and lower long-run return compared with non-forecast disclosing firms. The fourth essay concerns the valuation relevance of non-financial information contained in analysts’ equity reports. The essay notes that valuation relevance of non-financial information is positively related to the size of the target firm. Moreover, analysts were observed to rely more heavily on forward-looking non-financial information than historical non-financial information in their valuation.
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Owor, Maureen. "Making international sentencing relevant in the domestic context : lessons from Uganda." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/3d520048-dba7-4393-ba22-664923c079c3.
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This thesis is about achieving local procedural legitimacy through fair, culturally relevant sentencing procedures. Its scope, is reconciling international due process guarantees and a traditional notion of rights, in sentencing procedures of the International Criminal Court. My interest in this topic arose from the 2003 Uganda Law Reform Commission study on sentencing legislation reforms. There, participants regarded clan courts as functional in rural areas, because they had more informal, conciliatory sentencing processes than the ‘alien’ national courts. I later became aware that incorporation of traditional restorative processes may also help solve problems of legitimacy at the international level, as manifested in the case of Joseph Kony, discussed in Chapter 1 of this thesis. I then investigate whether the international sentencing framework could accommodate features of traditional restorative process despite incongruent standards, and if so, how this could be achieved. I argue that procedural rights ought to underpin this reconciliation, harnessing aims of international criminal justice with traditional restorative justice. Through my translation model, I propose small structural changes to international sentencing practice, and doctrinal reforms based on precedent. Using critical legal analysis and a small empirical study, the thesis demonstrates how translation could achieve just, culturally apposite sentencing outcomes. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the Special Court for Sierra Leone provide insight into challenges to accommodating African normative standards. Nominal guidance from the African human rights mechanism and national courts, on an African notion of procedural fairness, further complicates this reconciliation. I conclude that we could translate laws across divergent legal systems, drawing from experiences of clan courts that assimilate legal structures and concepts from national courts. Major international instruments: Rome Statute 1998, United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 1981, are evaluated against this model.
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Nilsson, Ninni. "Pragmatics, Newspapers and Context : A Study of How British Tabloid Newspapers Construct Context." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33201.
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While the original focus of pragmatics was spoken conversation, this approach has been increasingly used in the analysis of written and monological texts, e.g. advertisements (Tanaka, 1994), as a means of explaining how the meanings within them are generated and recovered through context. The range of texts subjected to pragmatics has thus far been somewhat limited and there is scope for applying pragmatics in other genres. The research for this essay was designed to explain the generation of implicatures in newspapers by relating a sample of articles to theoretical approaches offered within pragmatics, such as Relevance Theory and deixis. A number of semantic and stylistic devices are used in such articles, such as anaphora, metaphor and metonymy. These depend upon an expectation of reader familiarity with them and they are thus able to contribute to brevity and comprehension. While newspapers have been examined by scholars to some extent, the focus of these studies has been on headlines and not on entire articles. In this current study, three articles from different British tabloid papers were examined. The examination showed that the articles had many features in common and what was the most salient was that they require the reader to rely heavily on encyclopaedic knowledge. It turned out that writers keep their articles brief by withholding details or clarifying information from the reader, as they assume the reader are familiar with the phenomena mentioned. Anaphora is frequently used in tabloid newspaper articles as it also enables the writers to keep their articles brief, but also because it makes the articles more varied and less repetitive. Additionally, reader familiarity with metonymy, metaphor and deixis is necessary if the reader is to make sense of what an article means.
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Djordjevic, Divna. "User relevance feedback, search and retrieval of visual content." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432897.
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Wood, Matthew Christopher. "Visual context and affect in diagram interpretation." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154276.
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Graphical displays of scientific information (graphs, plots, diagrams etc.) play a vital role in the communication of science, both among researchers and more broadly with non-scientists. Research into the interpretation of science graphics tends to focus on comprehension and information transfer. The findings of such research support a general trend toward reductionist diagram designs, the reasoning being that a focused design, unencumbered by extraneous details, allows the viewer to concentrate on the target information without unwanted distractions. There has been relatively little attention paid to emotional or attitudinal responses to diagrams, despite the fact that this may be significant for communicators aiming to stimulate interest, influence attitudes, or motivate action. Furthermore, contextualisation of science instruction is thought to be important for motivation, interest, and academic performance, however the general trend in diagram design—to remove the extraneous—leads to a removal of context from diagrams. The research reported in this thesis takes the specific case of biological life cycle diagrams to explore the impact of visual context on affect. The thesis consists of two qualitative focus group studies to explore viewer responses to context in diagrams, and a large-scale quantitative between-groups comparison survey to test findings from the focus groups and examine the impacts of context in more detail. Due to the inherent complexity of diagram interpretation and the exploratory nature of the project, findings were highly nuanced. However there were clear signs that context was associated with emotional and attitudinal aspects of diagram interpretation. Specifically, context appeared to encourage an elevated sense of empathy with, and concern for the animal portrayed in diagrams, along with a greater sense of relevanceof the information. A number of individual participant characteristics that influenced response to context were also identified. Implications of the specific findings of this research for the communication of scientific topics are discussed, along with broader implications for research into diagram interpretation.
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Smit, Christelle. "Exploring the use and relevance of narrative approaches to psycho-social interventions in the south African context : a mixed methods content analysis." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6432.
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This study aims to explore the use and relevance of Narrative approaches to psycho-social interventions in the South African context. The profession of psychology in South Africa has been in a state of discontentment since the country’s turn to democracy in 1994 which has been voiced from both those within the profession and those it aims to assist. The loudest call is for a psychology that is relevant to the South African context – culturally, socially, and politically. Narrative approaches to psychotherapy and psycho-social intervention are grounded in post-modern and social-constructionist thought and offer an alternative to mainstream psychological theory. Narrative practice aims to promote social justice and views therapy as a political act. It is also an approach that values local knowledges and sees all therapeutic engagements as cross-cultural encounters which are approached with curiosity and a not-knowing stance, rather than an interpretive, analytical lens. This study has investigated what the existing literature has produced regarding the use and relevance of Narrative approaches in South Africa context. The research process was implemented using a mixed methods research methodology whereby a sample of 58 journal articles (n=58) were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The common themes that emerged from the articles were ‘viewing people in context’, ‘listening to the telling of stories’, ‘theoretical constructs of a narrative approach’, and ‘social phenomena’.
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Leddin, E. Patrick. "CONTENT RELEVANCE CENTRIC THEORY: AN INVESTIGATION OF CONTENT RELEVANCE'S ABILITY TO PREDICT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN A TRAINING ENVIRONMENT." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1178.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.<br>Title from document title page (viewed on June 2, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 103 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-101).
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Ward, Julie A. "Clinical relevance of hyperlipidaemia or hypoxaemia to intramyocellular lipid content." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28044.
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Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), the spherical droplets of triglyceride stored within human skeletal muscle cells, is elevated in insulin resistant states such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, obesity and congenital or acquired lipodystrophy, Among healthy sedentary individuals, there is a significant association between IMCL content and whole body insulin sensitivity: the lower the insulin sensitivity, the greater the IMCL content. This relationship is independent of other important factors such as the degree of adiposity and fasting plasma concentrations of triglycerides and non—esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The underlying mechanisms, although not yet fully understood, are thought to involve dysregulated metabolism of skeletal muscle lipid that may interfere with normal glucose metabolism. Whether IMCL is directly involved in the process of insulin resistance or subject to impaired metabolism under conditions of insulin resistance is not known. IMCL content has also been associated with other metabolic variables. Fasting plasma NEFA concentrations correlate positively with IMCL levels in several sub-populations. Abdominal visceral fat content has been positively associated with IMCL content, suggesting that IMCL accumulation is partly due to the uptake of free fatty acids released from excess visceral fat. IMCL content is also associated with reduced supply of oxygen to skeletal muscle, suggesting that myocellular triglyceride may accumulate when there are subtle decreases in oxygenation of the muscle microvasculature. The aim of this research was to examine these relationships in the context of specific clinical conditions characterised by hyperlipidaemia or hypoxaemia to determine the impact of these abnormalities on IMCL content. It was hypothesised that: - IMCL accumulation is influenced by cholesterol-induced vascular abnormalities that compromise skeletal muscle fat oxidation via reduced muscle oxygen supply;
- IMCL content in the context of a disorder of cholesterol metabolism is still influenced by factors such as insulin sensitivity, circulating NEFA levels and visceral adiposity; - IMCL accumulation is partly attributable to the degree of hypoxaemia in the muscle microvasculature that might favour fat storage over fat oxidation; and - IMCL content in the soleus muscle would decrease after elimination of hypoxaemia in sleep-disordered breathing. To address these hypotheses, studies were undertaken using the non-invasive technique of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (lH-MRS) for measurement of soleus IMCL content. Subjects included adults and children with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH - a model of hyperlipidaemia) and men with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA - a model of hypoxaemia).
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Honeycutt, Scott, Karin J. Keith, and Renee Rice Moran. "Connecting Disciplinary Content to Rediscover the Relevance in the Classics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3608.
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This presentation describes English curriculum developed with biology and chemistry teachers that includes hand-on activities used when reading classics like The Great Gatsby, The Crucible, and others. to create metaphors, understand complex ideas, and make connections between disciplinary content. This content is then used to construct argumentative writing.
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Evans, Clarisse Justine. "The relevance of context to decision-making styles." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/31831.
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Samir, Uzzaman Mohammad. "Algorithms and optimized implementations in context of circular string and relevant web security." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/algorithms-and-optimized-implementations-in-context-of-circular-string-and-relevant-web-security(3f33c6b0-db65-4a39-baa3-d241963deb1e).html.
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Ammonia plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cerebral oedema in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure (PALF). Infection and inflammation play an important synergistic role in its development. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense pathogens and induce inflammation but whether this contributes to the development of cerebral oedema in PALF remains unknown. I postulated that ammonia-induced cerebral oedema and immune dysfunction are mediated by TLR9 and aimed to determine whether this could be prevented in a hyperammonemic TLR9 knockout mouse model. TLR9 expression on circulating neutrophils and their function in PALF was assessed. To examine the influence of PALF plasma and endogenous DNA on TLR9 expression, healthy neutrophils were incubated with PALF plasma with/without DNase. Ammonium acetate (NH4-Ac) was injected intraperitoneally in wild type Black6 (WT-B6), TLR9-/- B6 mice and TLR9fl/fl LysCre B6 mice with TLR9 deleted from neutrophils and macrophages. The TLR9 antagonist ODN2088 was also evaluated. Neutrophil TLR9 correlated with plasma IL-8 and ammonia concentration and increased with severity of hepatic encephalopathy and systemic inflammation. Healthy neutrophil TLR9 expression increased upon stimulation with PALF plasma which was abrogated by pre-incubation with DNase. Following NH4-Ac stimulation, intracellular cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6) production of lymphocytes and macrophages were increased in WT-B6 mice compared to controls. This was accompanied by increased brain water however in TLR9-/-, cytokine production and brain water content were decreased. This was seen similarly in WT-B6 administered the TLR9 antagonist ODN2088 in conjunction with NH4-Ac. TLR9fl/fl LysCre mice had decreased cytokine production and brain water compared to the TLR9fl/fl group following NH4-Ac injection. Total DNA levels were increased in the circulation after NH4-Ac injection. In summary, ammonia-induced cerebral oedema and immune dysfunction are mediated through TLR9 and DNA dependent. The amelioration of brain oedema and lymphocyte cytokine production by ODN2088 supports exploration of TLR9 antagonism in early PALF to prevent progression to cerebral oedema.
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Chueamueangphan, Bunchong. "Teaching and learning stem through a Thai cultural context." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/225899/1/Bunchong_Chueamueangphan_Thesis.pdf.
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In rural primary schools in Thailand, students face a lack of resources for STEM education. A learning approach called Culturally Relevant STEM Education (CRSE) was proposed in this study to enhance rural students’ STEM education. The CRSE approach used local materials based on the local culture to develop students’ STEM knowledge and skills. This study trialled and refined the CRSE approach through collaboration between researcher and practitioner, thereby probing the potential of CRSE to advance the learning of STEM in Thailand, particularly in a rural context. It created teacher guidelines to support teachers’ use of CRSE in the classroom.
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Liu, Danzhou. "EFFICIENT TECHNIQUES FOR RELEVANCE FEEDBACK PROCESSING IN CONTENT-BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2991.
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In content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems, there are two general types of search: target search and category search. Unlike queries in traditional database systems, users in most cases cannot specify an ideal query to retrieve the desired results for either target search or category search in multimedia database systems, and have to rely on iterative feedback to refine their query. Efficient evaluation of such iterative queries can be a challenge, especially when the multimedia database contains a large number of entries, and the search needs many iterations, and when the underlying distance measure is computationally expensive. The overall processing costs, including CPU and disk I/O, are further emphasized if there are numerous concurrent accesses. To address these limitations involved in relevance feedback processing, we propose a generic framework, including a query model, index structures, and query optimization techniques. Specifically, this thesis has five main contributions as follows. The first contribution is an efficient target search technique. We propose four target search methods: naive random scan (NRS), local neighboring movement (LNM), neighboring divide-and-conquer (NDC), and global divide-and-conquer (GDC) methods. All these methods are built around a common strategy: they do not retrieve checked images (i.e., shrink the search space). Furthermore, NDC and GDC exploit Voronoi diagrams to aggressively prune the search space and move towards target images. We theoretically and experimentally prove that the convergence speeds of GDC and NDC are much faster than those of NRS and recent methods. The second contribution is a method to reduce the number of expensive distance computation when answering k-NN queries with non-metric distance measures. We propose an efficient distance mapping function that transfers non-metric measures into metric, and still preserves the original distance orderings. Then existing metric index structures (e.g., M-tree) can be used to reduce the computational cost by exploiting the triangular inequality property. The third contribution is an incremental query processing technique for Support Vector Machines (SVMs). SVMs have been widely used in multimedia retrieval to learn a concept in order to find the best matches. SVMs, however, suffer from the scalability problem associated with larger database sizes. To address this limitation, we propose an efficient query evaluation technique by employing incremental update. The proposed technique also takes advantage of a tuned index structure to efficiently prune irrelevant data. As a result, only a small portion of the data set needs to be accessed for query processing. This index structure also provides an inexpensive means to process the set of candidates to evaluate the final query result. This technique can work with different kernel functions and kernel parameters. The fourth contribution is a method to avoid local optimum traps. Existing CBIR systems, designed around query refinement based on relevance feedback, suffer from local optimum traps that may severely impair the overall retrieval performance. We therefore propose a simulated annealing-based approach to address this important issue. When a stuck-at-a-local-optimum occurs, we employ a neighborhood search technique (i.e., simulated annealing) to continue the search for additional matching images, thus escaping from the local optimum. We also propose an index structure to speed up such neighborhood search. Finally, the fifth contribution is a generic framework to support concurrent accesses. We develop new storage and query processing techniques to exploit sequential access and leverage inter-query concurrency to share computation. Our experimental results, based on the Corel dataset, indicate that the proposed optimization can significantly reduce average response time while achieving better precision and recall, and is scalable to support a large user community. This latter performance characteristic is largely neglected in existing systems making them less suitable for large-scale deployment. With the growing interest in Internet-scale image search applications, our framework offers an effective solution to the scalability problem.<br>Ph.D.<br>School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Computer Science PhD
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Molefe, Jacob Kgabudi. "Challenging students through mathematics a culturally relevant problem solving /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5num=osu1072722613.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 119 p. : ill. (some col.). Advisor: Patricia A. Brosnan, College of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-97).
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Wong, Chan Fong. "Content-based image retrieval using color quantization, rectangular segmentation, and relevance feedback." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1780398.
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Couper, John. "Articulations of relevance in local television news /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052166.
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Koene, Randal A. "Functional requirements determine relevant ingredients to model for on-line acquisition of context dependent memory." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85561.
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Biophysical simulations of memory must choose which aspects of known neurophysiology and neuroanatomy to model. Relevant aspects were constrained by functional requirements determined for on-line acquisition in context dependent memory, memory that is retrieved by contextual cues. In an on-line task, the protocol of data presentation and the tunes at which encoding or retrieval in memory is needed are not predetermined. A sequence of neuronal spike patterns representing items may be presented only once. Yet, episodic memory of the sequence immediately encodes the temporal context of familiar items, a process known to depend on hippocampal function. For this, interference caused by overlapping spike patterns must be avoided, a requirement that suggested the relevance of coincidental spiking. Overlap in the input to the hippocampus was reduced by recruiting such spikes in a model of encoding in dentate gyrus. Durable encoding is required in the hippocampus, since hippocampal damage can cause retrograde amnesia in context dependent memory that spans years. Long-lasting synaptic changes involved modeling relevant neurophysiology concerning protein production elicited by the spaced reactivation of spike patterns. The likelihood of reactivation was increased by the well-known process of long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission. Such potentiation is elicited when a presynaptic spike precedes a postsynaptic spike within a specific time window repeatedly. The intervals in a sequence of spike patterns must be compressed and the sequence repeated, requirements that were achieved with a model of short-term memory based on persistent spiking. Retrieval may be concurrent with these encoding processes due to effects of different phases of a brain rhythm at theta frequency (3-12 Hz) that modulate transmission and plasticity. A model of short-term memory by Lisman and Idiart (Science 267:1512-15), extended by Jensen et al. (Learning and Memory 3:243
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com, chungkp@yahoo, and Kien Ping Chung. "Intelligent content-based image retrieval framework based on semi-automated learning and historic profiles." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070831.123947.
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Over the last decade, storage of non text-based data in databases has become an increasingly important trend in information management. Image in particular, has been gaining popularity as an alternative, and sometimes more viable, option for information storage. While this presents a wealth of information, it also creates a great problem in retrieving appropriate and relevant information during searching. This has resulted in an enormous growth of interest, and much active research, into the extraction of relevant information from non text-based databases. In particular,content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems have been one of the most active areas of research.
The retrieval principle of CBIR systems is based on visual features such as colour, texture, and shape or the semantic meaning of the images. To enhance the retrieval speed, most CBIR systems pre-process the images stored in the database. This is because feature extraction algorithms are often computationally expensive. If images are to be retrieved from the World-Wide-Web (WWW), the raw images have to be downloaded and processed in real time. In this case, the feature extraction speed becomes crucial. Ideally, systems should only use those feature extraction algorithms that are most suited for analysing the visual features that capture the common relationship between the images in hand. In this thesis, a statistical discriminant analysis based feature selection framework is proposed. Such a framework is able to select the most appropriate visual feature extraction algorithms by using relevance feedback only on the user labelled samples. The idea is that a smaller image sample group is used to analyse the appropriateness of each visual feature, and only the selected features will be used for image comparison and ranking. As the number of features is less, an improvement in the speed of retrieval is achieved. From experimental results, it is found that the retrieval accuracy for small sample data has also improved. Intelligent E-Business has been used as a case study in this thesis to demonstrate the potential of the framework in the application of image retrieval system.
In addition, an inter-query framework has been proposed in this thesis. This framework is also based on the statistical discriminant analysis technique. A common approach in inter-query for a CBIR system is to apply the term-document approach. This is done by treating each images name or address as a term, and the query session as a document. However, scalability becomes an issue with this technique as the number of stored queries increases. Moreover, this approach is not appropriate for a dynamic image database environment. In this thesis, the proposed inter-query framework uses a cluster approach to capture the visual properties common to the previously stored queries. Thus, it is not necessary to memorise the name or address of the images. In order to manage the size of the users profile, the proposed framework also introduces a merging approach to combine clusters that are close-by and similar in their characteristics. Experiments have shown that the proposed framework has outperformed the short term learning approach. It also has the advantage that it eliminates the burden of the complex database maintenance strategies required in the term-document approach commonly needed by the interquery learning framework. Lastly, the proposed inter-query learning framework has been further extended by the incorporation of a new semantic structure. The semantic structure is used to connect the previous queries both visually and semantically. This structure provides the system with the ability to retrieve images that are semantically similar and yet visually different. To do this, an active learning strategy has been incorporated for exploring the structure. Experiments have again shown that the proposed new framework has outperformed the previous framework.
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Pemberton, Mark. "Absolute Music: Its relevance to the articulation of meaning in contemporary artistic practice." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10227.
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This research assesses the relevance of eighteenth century ideas of absolute music to understanding the articulation of meaning in contemporary artistic practice. More specifically, it proposes that issues of form and content in purely instrumental music might help understand the artistic split that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century following Conceptual Art’s rejection of the dominant formalist aesthetic paradigm. It proposes that music, by nature of its immaterial ontology, provides useful insights required to re-examine the role of language, emotion, and form in contemporary conceptually aligned artistic practices. It begins by discussing theories of representation, with the intention of establishing absolute music as a theoretical model with which to examine form/content relationships, and their proximity to natural language narratives in the arts. It moves on to consider how early German Romantic notions of autonomy and feeling relate to the creative artistic frame and the formalist/conceptualist debate as exemplified by Clement Greenberg and Joseph Kosuth. Referencing Richard Wagner, it discusses the influence of musical score to the work of Wassily Kandinsky, and the evidence for heteronomous reference in abstract painting. Equally, it considers the failure of anti-formalist Conceptual artists to prevent work from being perceived by way of its formal properties and how this differs from Marcel Duchamp’s notion of the non-retinal. My approach draws on Peircian semiotic principals and Noël Carroll’s analysis of representation. It extends Leonard Meyer’s theory of embodied and designative musical meaning to consider, by way of examples drawn from Gustav Mahler’s music and twenty-first century conceptualism, the role of non-semantic content in visual art and natural language. Referencing recent findings from cognitive neuroscience, this thesis proposes that the dichotomous relationship between reason and feeling is more complex than previously thought. It concludes by considering Kant’s notion of the aesthetic idea and its implications for contemporary practice.
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Nanayakkara, Wasam Uluwitige Dinesha Chathurani. "Content based image retrieval with image signatures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104286/1/Dinesha_Chathurani_Nanayakkara_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis develops a system to search for relevant images when user inputs a particular image as a query. The concept is similar to text search in Google or Yahoo. However, understanding image content is more difficult than text content. The system provides a method to retrieve similar images pertaining to the query easily and quickly. It allows end users to refine the original query iteratively where they have no effective way to reformulate the original image query. The results from empirical evaluations suggest that our system is fast, provides a broad spectrum of images even with underlying changes.
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Stone, Lesley-Joan (n��e Roger-Lund). "Sustainability programmes for business: place and practice within the context of relevant developments in organisation theory." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2175.
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Sustainable development requires that all human activities be carried out without causing permanent damage to the life-supporting capacity of the natural environment. In order to progress towards sustainability, fundamental changes need to be made to the way human activities are carried out. Businesses have a significant role to play in the transition to sustainability. However, environmental concerns have not traditionally been incorporated into business practice. A wide range of methods have been developed and applied to encourage businesses to adopt sustainable practices. This thesis focuses on voluntary initiatives that encourage businesses to systematically identify and tackle the sources of their environmental effects, rather than the symptoms. These types of initiatives are encapsulated by concepts such as "pollution prevention" (PP) and "cleaner production" (CP).
Programmes that encourage CP/PP have been very successful in getting businesses to prevent or reduce wastes by making changes to the resources and processes they use, and, to a lesser extent, the products they make. However, they appear to have been less successful in getting them to make changes at an organisational level. This is not surprising, given that their focus has tended to be elsewhere. However, evidence suggests that the changes undertaken by businesses involved in such programmes have tended to be 'one-off' and their involvement short-term. This is of concern because of the magnitude of some of the changes that are required and the need, therefore, for incremental and continuing improvement.
My thesis is that these types of sustainability programmes could benefit from critical examination of their place and practice within the context of developments in organisation theory. The thesis is tested by: l) identifying developments in organisation theory that are of relevance to organisational change; 2) evaluating the effectiveness of an example of a sustainability programme for business, and 3) considering the results of the evaluation within the context of relevant theoretical developments and change management models.
A literature search identifies key developments in organisation theory. They are presented in terms of five approaches that are commonly distinguished in the literature: rational or mechanistic approaches; humanist or social approaches; contingency approaches; political approaches, and cultural approaches. In addition, developments specific to organisational change theory, particularly in terms of change management and models for managing change, are considered.
The example chosen is the Target Zero (TZ) project - a two-year, multi-company project designed to demonstrate the value and applicability of cleaner production in New Zealand (NZ). Participants included the Electricity Corporation of NZ (ECNZ), the NZ Ministry for the Environment, local authorities (councils) and power retailers in two regions, and 25 "demonstration" organisations.
The evaluation is presented in three parts. Part I uses staff perceptions regarding the success, benefits and value of the project. Part II uses key indicators of environmental management (EM) and CP, as well as relevant indicators of organisational culture and staff attitudes to track changes in the demonstration group and compares them with a control group. Part III uses monthly progress reports for each demonstration organisation to identify organisational factors that influence change.
Together, the results emphasise the importance of social factors in the implementation of cleaner production/pollution prevention projects. They suggest two primary and three secondary areas for improving the effectiveness of such projects. Commitment and continuous improvement are identified as primary areas because of their primacy in the literature and the critical roles they have to play in sustainability programmes. Leadership, support, communication, involvement and compatibility of the project are identified as secondary areas for improvement because, while important, they are still subservient to commitment and continuous improvement. Each area is discussed in terms of the extent to which it is (or is not) covered in key examples of CP/PP/EM literature. This is then compared with relevant developments in organisational change theory, particularly as they relate to change management models.
A model for improving the ability of such programmes to deliver commitment and continuous improvement towards sustainability is developed. The model draws on a range of change management models and focuses on the need for sustainability programmes to bring about an iterative, critically reflective cycle of learning.
The model is characterised by: a diagnostic phase (to enable the programme to be customised); initiation (to engage management and demonstrate leadership; visioning (to engage and involve all staff); iterative use of the vision (to motivate, inspire and drive continuous improvement); distinctive tasks (to clarify the basis for involvement and spread the load); participatory design of the programme (to enhance commitment), and inclusion of top level managers at key stages in the process (to maximise involvement, leadership, commitment, progress and support).
The model also includes six distinct types of activities, designed to bring about iterative and critically reflective learning processes within the organisation: 1) visioning: 2) assessment of the status of the business in relation to the vision; 3) short, focused audits using CP/PP tools; 4) actions based on the results of the audits; 5) evaluation of actions in relation to the vision, and 6) communication of results.
The last activity forms the basis for the next cycle during which the contributions of actions to the vision are acknowledged, the status of the organisation re-assessed and the next audit cycle begun.
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Hillman, Thomas. "The physical context of hands-on interactive museum exhibits: Identification and categorization of pedagogically relevant concepts." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27371.
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Many options are available to designers when creating museum exhibitions. One particular option that can be chosen is the inclusion of exhibits that can be touched and manipulated, a style of exhibit often referred to as hands-on or interactive (Adams and Moussouri, 2002). Within this subset of exhibits, designers also have a multitude of choices to make that can affect the experiences visitors will have. The goal of this study is to help the transfer of research findings about learning and hands-on interactive exhibits to designers so that more-informed choices may be made. With this goal in mind, the exhibits within three exhibitions at the Montreal Science Centre are examined from a pedagogical perspective. Falk and Dierking's Contextual Model of Learning (2000) is employed as a conceptual framework, and one of its contexts is specifically addressed. Since exhibition designers act upon the objects that form exhibits, and only have direct influence on their physical nature, the physical context of Falk and Dierking's model is chosen as a lens through which to investigate the exhibits. Emergent concepts from the physical context of those exhibits are collected and then categorized. To relate the emergent concepts to a pedagogical perspective, the categories are then associated to the pedagogical triangle (Houssaye, 1988; Moore, 1989), which allows them to be organised following the roles and interactions present in that model. This study, therefore, presents a structure and common language through which the physical context of hands-on interactive museum exhibits can be understood from a pedagogical perspective.
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Kazeni, Mungandi Monde Monica. "Comparative effectiveness of context-based and traditional teaching approaches in enhancing learner performance in life sciences." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24059.
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Young people’s interest in the study of science-related courses is declining worldwide. In most developing countries, this waning aspiration has been coupled with reports of poor performance in science subjects. Fading interest and poor performance have led to low enrolment rates in science courses in higher institutions of learning, which pose the potential threat of reduced research activity and economic productivity. The methods usually used to teach science subjects in schools – which often involve the transmission of abstract facts and ideas, that are not explicitly relatable to learners – fail to provide learners with the opportunity to see the relevance of studying science. The failure to see the significance of science education could partly account for the lack of appeal and poor performance in the study of science. This study was an attempt to use contexts as a theoretical framework, and applications of life sciences (biology) to develop and implement “relevant” curriculum materials as a means of motivating learners and improving performance in genetics, a topic which learners consider difficult to learn. The context-based approach was premised on the use of contexts which learners themselves identified as being relevant, meaningful and interesting in the study of genetics, and a five-phase learning cycle. The relative efficacy of the context-based and traditional approaches to the teaching of genetics in enhancing learner performance was assessed. The study was essentially a quantitative research, involving a quasi-experimental non-equivalent pre-test–post-test control group design. Qualitative data were collected using focus group learner interviews and one-to-one educator interviews to complement and triangulate the quantitative data. The study sample comprised 190 Grade 11 learners and six life sciences educators from six high schools randomly selected from the Tshwane South educational district in Gauteng, South Africa. Five instruments were used to assess learner performance in genetics content knowledge, science inquiry skills, problem-solving and decision-making abilities, and their attitudes towards the study of life sciences. The findings of the study, based on learner performance and perceptions, and their educators’ views, revealed that in comparison with traditional teaching approaches, the context-based approach was significantly better in enhancing learner performance in genetics content knowledge (F = 63.00; p = <0.0001), ability to formulate hypotheses (F = 33.21; p = <0.0001), ability to draw conclusions from results (F = 7.70; p = 0.0062), decision-making ability (F = 17.22; p = <0.0001), problem-solving ability (F = 16.57; p = <0.0001), and in improving learners’ attitude towards the study of life sciences (F = 25.04; p = <0.0001). The educational implications of the study are discussed.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Science, Mathematics and Technology Education<br>unrestricted
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Assimakopoulos, Stavros. "Logical structure and relevance : on the context dependence of argument structure." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24742.
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This thesis sets out to investigate mentalist pragmatics and its contribution to the study of the human cognitive capacity to develop linguistic abilities. Implementing the inferential view of communication that Relevance Theory endorses, it is indicated that the inferential processes that are involved in instances of linguistic usage are far more pervasive than already thought both within and outside the framework. Differentiating between the cognitive notion of maximal relevance and the communicative one of optimal relevance, it is argued that relevance considerations, in the two corresponding technical senses of the term, play a decisive role in the processes of context selection, communicated meaning attribution and argument realisation. More specifically, it is initially suggested that the hypothesis that human cognition tends to be geared towards maximal relevance can provide significant insights into the ways contextual information is selectively accessed in interpretation. Then, the semantics/pragmatics distinction is readdressed from a radically pragmatist perspective and a case is made for a ‘looser’ context-dependent semantics that provides the basis upon which interpretation occurs at both the lexical and –<i> a fortiori</i> – the propositional level. Furthermore, the organisation of the mental lexicon is discussed in this new setting where relevance constraints guide both the storage and employment of conceptual content that is used in communication. Against this background, a relevance-theoretic approach to problems that theories of argument structure face is provided in an attempt to account for the various patterns of argument realisation certain verbs customarily present. Overall, this research aims to shed light to the particulars mediating the contribution of context with respect to the usage of language, but also – and more crucially – reveal its significance in relation to the organisation of linguistic knowledge as a cognitive capacity.
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Rohner, Eliane. "Cross reactivity between Ves v 5 and human CRISPs: clinical relevance? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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MacCall, Steven Leonard. "A Theory for the Measurement of Internet Information Retrieval." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2187/.
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The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a measurement model for Internet information retrieval strategy performance evaluation whose theoretical basis is a modification of the classical measurement model embodied in the Cranfield studies and their progeny. Though not the first, the Cranfield studies were the most influential of the early evaluation experiments. The general problem with this model was and continues to be the subjectivity of the concept of relevance. In cyberspace, information scientists are using quantitative measurement models for evaluating information retrieval performance that are based on the Cranfield model. This research modified this model by incorporating enduser relevance judgment rather than using objective relevance judgments, and by adopting a fundamental unit of measure developed for the cyberspace of Internet information retrieval rather than using recall and precision-type measures. The proposed measure, the Content-bearing Click (CBC) Ratio, was developed as a quantitative measure reflecting the performance of an Internet IR strategy. Since the hypertext "click" is common to many Internet IR strategies, it was chosen as the fundamental unit of measure rather than the "document." The CBC Ratio is a ratio of hypertext click counts that can be viewed as a false drop measure that determines the average number of irrelevant content-bearing clicks that an enduser check before retrieving relevant information. After measurement data were collected, they were used to evaluate the reliability of several methods for aggregating relevance judgments. After reliability coefficients were calculated, measurement model was used to compare web catalog and web database performance in an experimental setting. Conclusions were the reached concerning the reliability of the proposed measurement model and its ability to measure Internet IR performance, as well as implications for clinical use of the Internet and for future research in Information Science.
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PIRAS, LUCA. "Interactive search techniques for content-based retrieval from archives of images." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266315.
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Through a little investigation by file types it is possible to easily find that one of the most popular
search engines has in its indexes about 10 billion of images. Even considering that this
data is probably an underestimate of the real number, however, immediately it gives us an
idea of how the images are a key component in human communication. This so exorbitant
number puts us in the face of the enormous difficulties encountered when one has to deal
with them. Until now, the images have always been accompanied by textual data: description,
tags, labels, ... which are used to retrieve them fromthe archives. However it is clear that
their increase, occurred in recent years, does not allow this type cataloguing. Furthermore,
for its own nature, a manual cataloguing is subjective, partial and without doubt subject to
error. To overcome this situation in recent years it has gotten a footing a kind of search based
on the intrinsic characteristics of images such as colors and shapes. This information is then
converted into numerical vectors, and through their comparison it is possible to find images
that have similar characteristics. It is clear that a search, on this level of representation of the
images, is far from the user perception that of the images.
To allow the interaction between users and retrieval systems and improve the performance,
it has been decided to involve the user in the search allowing to him to give a feedback
of relevance of the images retrieved so far. In this the kind of image that are interesting
for user can be learnt by the system and an improvement in the next iteration can be obtained.
These techniques, although studied for many years, still present open issues. High
dimensional feature spaces, lack of relevant training images, and feature spaceswith lowdiscriminative
capability are just some of the problems encountered. In this thesis these problems
will be faced by proposing some innovative solutions both to improve performance
obtained by methods proposed in the literature, and to provide to retrieval systems greater
generalization capability. Techniques of data fusion, both at the feature space level and at
the level of different retrieval techniques, will be presented, showing that the former allow
greater discriminative capability while the latter provide more robustness to the system. To
overcome the lack of images of training it will be proposed a method to generate synthetic
patterns allowing in this way a more balanced learning. Finally, new methods to measure
similarity between images and to explore more efficiently the feature space will be proposed.
The presented results show that the proposed approaches are indeed helpful in resolving
some of the main problems in content based image retrieval.
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Reichert, William Thomas 1965. "Employing incongruency as a form of communication-relevant distraction to enhance attitude change in an advertising context." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278337.
Full textAbstract:
Rarely are messages devoid of visual information. Yet, theoretical explanations for the effect of visual elements on persuasion is limited. Marketers have shown that incongruent visual elements in advertisements can affect memory outcomes. This study bridged communication and consumer behavior research to develop a theoretical framework to explain the affect of incongruent visual elements on (1) attitude toward the ad, and (2) purchase intention. The results of this study provided limited support for the proposed framework. Findings indicated that relevant pictorials will yield more positive evaluations and purchase intentions than irrelevant pictorials. Expected pictorials were also found to impact evaluations. Several moderating variables are speculated to explain the impact of visual elements in an advertising context.
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Curran, Theresa. "Standardizing Instructional Definition and Content Supporting Information Security Compliance Requirements." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1038.
Full textAbstract:
Information security (IS)-related risks affect global public and private organizations on a daily basis. These risks may be introduced through technical or human-based activities, and can include fraud, hacking, malware, insider abuse, physical loss, mobile device misconfiguration or unintended disclosure. Numerous and diverse regulatory and contractual compliance requirements have been mandated to assist organizations proactively prevent these types of risks. Two constants are noted in these requirements. The first constant is requiring organizations to disseminate security policies addressing risk management through secure behavior. The second constant is communicating policies through IS awareness, training and education (ISATE) programs. Compliance requirements direct that these policies provide instruction about making compliant and positive security decisions to reduce risk. Policy-driven and organizationally-relevant ISATE content is understood to be foundational and critical to prevent security risk. The problem identified for investigation is inconsistency of the terms awareness, training and education as found in security-related regulatory, contractual and policy compliance requirements. Organizations are mandated to manage a rapidly increasing portfolio of inconsistent ISATE compliance requirements generated from many sources. Since there is no one set of common guidance for compliance, organizations struggle to meet global, diverse and inconsistent compliance requirements. Inconsistent policy-related content and instructions, generated from differing sources, may cause incorrect security behavior that can present increased security risk. Traditionally, organizations were required to provide only internally-developed programs, with content left to business, regulatory/contractual, and cultural discretion. Updated compliance requirements now require organizations to disseminate externally-developed content in addition to internally-provided content. This real-world business requirement may cause compliance risks due to inconsistent instruction, guidance gaps and lack of organizational relevance.
The problem has been experienced by industry practitioners within the last five years due to increased regulatory and contractual compliance requirements. Prior studies have not yet identified specific impacts of multiple and differing compliance requirements on organizations. The need for organizational relevance in ISATE content has been explored in literature, but the amount of organizationally-relevant content has not been examined in balance of newer compliance mandates.The goal of the research project was to develop a standard content definition and framework. Experienced practitioners responsible for ISATE content within their organizations participated in a survey to validate definitions, content, compliance and organizational relevance requirements imposed on their organizations. Fifty-five of 80 practitioners surveyed (68.75% participation rate) provided responses to one or more sections of the survey. This research is believed to be the first to suggest a standardized content definition for ISATE program activities based on literature review, assessment of existing regulatory, contractual, standard and framework definitions and information obtained from specialized practitioner survey data. It is understood to be the first effort to align and synthesize cross-industry compliance requirements, security awareness topics and organizational relevance within information security awareness program content. Findings validated that multiple and varied regulatory and contractual compliance requirements are imposed on organizations. A lower number of organizations were impacted by third party program requirements than was originally expected. Negative and positive impacts of third party compliance requirements were identified. Program titles and content definitions vary in respondent organizations and are documented in a variety of organizational methods. Respondents indicated high acceptance of a standard definition of awareness, less so for training and education. Organizationally-relevant program content is highly important and must contain traditional and contemporary topics. Results are believed to be an original contribution to information/cyber security practitioners, with findings of interest to academic researchers, standards/framework bodies, auditing/risk management practitioners and learning/development specialists.
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Carlsson, Louise. "Identifying variation in the OMT gene in Pisum sativum and its relevance regarding protein content." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148621.
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As global meat consumption is rising, the negative impact the animal husbandry sector has on the environment will increase. Greenhouse gas emissions have increased by 40 % during the last 200 years, and the animal husbandry sector is today responsible for 18 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions from food production. More environmentally friendly protein sources, such as soy and pea, must therefore be developed. Pisum sativum can (unlike the most popular meat alternative – soy) be grown all over Europe and might thus be a good alternative that allows for locally sourced alternatives to meat protein. Identifying genes with important agricultural properties might aid the development of pea cultivars with a more reliable protein content. One such gene was hypothesised to be the OMT gene, which is strongly expressed during the embryonic development of P. sativum and seems involved in functions such as seed storage and protein synthesis. Thirty-one accessions of P. sativum were tested to see if different improvement types differed from each other regarding protein content and seed weight, but no such differences were found. DNA was extracted from all accessions, sequenced, and successful sequences were tested to determine if variation in the gene correlated with protein content. Two haplotypes were identified, but there was no correlation between them and protein content found. Based on the results of this study, there is little evidence that the OMT gene correlates with protein content in the studied accessions.
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Isbell, Jason. "STATUS RELEVANT SOCIAL CONTEXT, GROUP MEMBERSHIP, AND FINGER LENGTH RATIO (2D:4D) AS PREDICTORS OF ONLINE SOCIOECONOMIC BEHAVIOR." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22674.
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It is often argued that increased prenatal androgen exposure (as measured by the second-to-fourth-digit ratio, or 2D:4D) predicts increased aggression. Such simplified models may obscure subtler processes, however. Investigating moderating variables could elucidate more consistent results between these variables. Two moderators investigated here were status-relevant social norms and group membership. Aggression, as measured by the decision to reject an unfair offer in the ultimatum game (UG), was viewed as a context-dependent strategy of status acquisition dictated by social norms and driven by group membership.
Recent research suggests 2D:4D may be more associated with status acquisition motives than with aggression per se. It was hypothesized that lower 2D:4D would predict increased aggression when aggressive behavior was endorsed by group members for gaining/maintaining status. Conversely, lower 2D:4D would predict decreased aggression when aggressive behavior was proscribed by group members for gaining/maintaining status. Based on the Male Warrior Hypothesis, although it was hypothesized that out-group membership would predict aggressive behavior, it was also hypothesized that this effect would be maximal among those with lower 2D:4D, particularly when an aggression-for-status norm was endorsed.
The data did not support the primary hypotheses. The digit ratio did not predict any DV. The norm manipulation did not affect UG decisions and there was a methodological issue with the group manipulation. The norm manipulation did affect secondary DVs, however. There were significant differences between the pro-, neutral, and anti-aggression groups regarding participants’ endorsement of a fictional character’s aggressive behavior to gain status. Those in the pro-aggression group endorsed it the most and those in the anti-aggression group endorsed it the least. Despite no effect of the norm manipulation on the decision in the UG, there was an effect of the manipulation on participants’ confessed intent, with those in the pro-aggression condition rating their decision to reject as “aggressive” more so than those in the anti-aggression condition. The norm manipulation also influenced meta-perceptions of how participants thought their teammates viewed them based on their decision in the UG. Exploratory analyses modeled these effects. Reasons for the manipulations failing to produce an effect on the primary DV are discussed.
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Färm, Gunilla. "Contact allergy to colophony : clinical and experimental studies with emphasis on clinical relevance /." Stockholm, 1997. http://www.kibic.ki.se/ki/diss/971107farm.html.
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Srivastava, Jatin. "Media Multitasking and Role of Visual Hierarchy and Formatting Cues in Processing of Web Content." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281718384.
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Grant, Cerkia. "Geographical indications and agricultural products investigating their relevance in a South African context /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02122007-173415.
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Bayegan, Elisabeth. "Knowledge Representation for Relevance Ranking of Patient-Record Contents in Primary-Care Situations." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-142.
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<p>The computer-based patient-record system can play a significant role in physicians’ decision-making process by, for instance, presenting them with information they need from the record, relevant to care situations. However, the patient-record system’s contribution in decision making is often reduced to storing and presenting patient information as time-oriented logs of encounter events. As the record accumulates patient information over time, physicians loose overview over the contents, and the information becomes increasingly inaccessible for them.</p><p>Several realizations of problem-oriented patient records have attempted to structure the computer-based patient-record system. A persistent complaint against previous problem-oriented record systems refers to the way these systems compels the user to work. Despite less successful efforts, a problem-oriented view of data still offers a foundation for a well-structured patient record.</p><p>A knowledge-based patient-record system can support physicians during patient care in at least two ways; with a structure and a formalization that encodes information in the record system. A patient-record system with knowledge can reason about its content and use, and a process-aware system can recognize care situations and determine relevant information from the record to these situations. In this thesis, we present a way to represent knowledge for a Norwegian primary-care patient-record system. The knowledge representation enables encoding of record information—based on what primary-care physicians enter into it.</p><p>The knowledge-elicitation techniques that we have used in this thesis comprise: (1) an observation study of family physicians in clinical settings, (2) a study of patientrecord contents , and (3) a qualitative and a quantitative survey among family physicians regarding the use and the usefulness of the patient-record systems in patient care. Results from these studies, in addition to their inherent empirical values, lay a foundation for further work and contribution of:</p><p>• An information model that supports a problem-oriented view of patient data</p><p>• A process model of primary-care activities , their goals and purposes, participants involved in the activities , information needs , and interactions with the patient-record system</p><p>• An ontology of clinical concepts that classify and represent the patient-record contents. The clinical concepts are associated with activities in the primary-care process</p><p>The problem-oriented structure organizes the patient-record contents into medical problems . The ontology classifies the patient-record contents according to clinical concepts. Moreover, the association between clinical concepts and activities enables a ranking of information contents to care activities.</p><p>For a practical evaluation of the knowledge model, we have developed a prototype implementation that simulates encounter-specific processes. The results demonstrate that the prototype can identify and extract information from the record, relevant to the various activities in the process model.</p><p>When compared to time-oriented patient-record systems, the problem-oriented information model, in combination with the clinical concepts and their associations to care activities, enables a method for providing a better overview over and easier access to patient-record information.</p><br>Papers III and IV "This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder."
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Hanna, Steven Edward. "Personal relevance, comparative context, and uncertainty orientation as determinants of perceived ingroup homogeneity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0006/NQ31153.pdf.
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Ryder, Nuala. "Use of context in question answering by young children : a relevance theory approach." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394146.
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Agbele, Kehinde Kayode. "Context-awareness for adaptive information retrieval systems." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3845.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>This research study investigates optimization of IRS to individual information needs in order of relevance. The research addressed development of algorithms that optimize the ranking of documents retrieved from IRS. In this thesis, we present two aspects of context-awareness in IR. Firstly, the design of context of information. The context of a query determines retrieved information relevance. Thus, executing the same query in diverse contexts often leads to diverse result rankings. Secondly, the relevant context aspects should be incorporated in a way that supports the knowledge domain representing users’ interests. In this thesis, the use of evolutionary algorithms is incorporated to improve the effectiveness of IRS. A context-based information retrieval system is developed whose retrieval effectiveness is evaluated using precision and recall metrics. The results demonstrate how to use attributes from user interaction behaviour to improve the IR effectiveness
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Pavlovic, Masnikosa Sanja [Verfasser]. "MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION IN ALZHEIMER`S PATHOLOGY : ROLE OF DISEASE RELEVANT PROTEINS IN A SYNERGISTIC STIMULATION CONTEXT / Sanja Pavlovic Masnikosa." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1022583476/34.
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Morewitz, Courtney L. "A Specialization Approach to Competition: Self-Evaluation Maintenance in Highly Relevant Performance Domains Within the Context of Romantic Relationships." W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626420.
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Barnes, Mogamat Shaheed. "A comparison between the contexts learners in grades 8, 9 and 10 prefer for mathematical literacy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3212_1204526833.
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<p>The use of contexts in school mathematics is receiving much attention both nationally and internationally. This as well as the scarcity of research focusing on the topic stimulated me to research the contexts preferred by learners of mathematics. The large-scale project is called the Relevance of School Mathematics Education (ROSME) project. The current study essentially deals with that section of the larger project which investigates the issues and situations that learners in grades eight, nine and ten would prefer to deal with in mathematics. Broadly, this study focuses on the contexts preferred by grade 8, 9 and 10 learners as a domain in which to embed school mathematics.</p>