Academic literature on the topic 'Relevant input'
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Journal articles on the topic "Relevant input"
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Dobrev, Stefan, Rastislav Královič, and Dana Pardubská. "Measuring the problem-relevant information in input." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 43, no. 3 (2009): 585–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2009012.
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Laurı́, D., J. V. Salcedo, M. Martı́nez, and S. Garcı́a-Nieto. "Model predictive control relevant identification: multiple input multiple output against multiple input single output." IET Control Theory & Applications 4, no. 9 (2010): 1756–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2009.0482.
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Sykacek, P., G. Dorffner, P. Rappelsbeiger, and J. Zeitlhofer. "RELEVANT INPUT FEATURES FOR SLEEP STAGING WITH NEURAL NETWORKS." Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 9, no. 1 (1997): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008506-199701000-00047.
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Berberian, Nareg, Amanda MacPherson, Eloïse Giraud, Lydia Richardson, and J. P. Thivierge. "Neuronal pattern separation of motion-relevant input in LIP activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 2 (2017): 738–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00145.2016.
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In various regions of the brain, neurons discriminate sensory stimuli by decreasing the similarity between ambiguous input patterns. Here, we examine whether this process of pattern separation may drive the rapid discrimination of visual motion stimuli in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP). Starting with a simple mean-rate population model that captures neuronal activity in LIP, we show that overlapping input patterns can be reformatted dynamically to give rise to separated patterns of neuronal activity. The population model predicts that a key ingredient of pattern separation is the presence of heterogeneity in the response of individual units. Furthermore, the model proposes that pattern separation relies on heterogeneity in the temporal dynamics of neural activity and not merely in the mean firing rates of individual neurons over time. We confirm these predictions in recordings of macaque LIP neurons and show that the accuracy of pattern separation is a strong predictor of behavioral performance. Overall, results propose that LIP relies on neuronal pattern separation to facilitate decision-relevant discrimination of sensory stimuli. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new hypothesis is proposed on the role of the lateral intraparietal (LIP) region of cortex during rapid decision making. This hypothesis suggests that LIP alters the representation of ambiguous inputs to reduce their overlap, thus improving sensory discrimination. A combination of computational modeling, theoretical analysis, and electrophysiological data shows that the pattern separation hypothesis links neural activity to behavior and offers novel predictions on the role of LIP during sensory discrimination.
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Kautz Osterkamp, L., and L. Longstaff. "American Indian input creates a localculturally-relevant food guide pyramid." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 101, no. 9 (2001): A—102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(01)80344-8.
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Rogers, Keith. "Comprehensible Input FAQs." Journal of Classics Teaching 20, no. 39 (2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631019000059.
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Many teachers in the UK are aware of the issues surrounding a grammar-translation approach to teaching the classical languages but do not see any alternatives. One of the purposes of this edition of the Journal of Classics Teaching is to offer a series of articles which provides an overview of an approach called Comprehensible Input. This brief article has been written to provide an introduction to some of the basic questions and point the reader towards the relevant articles.
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RUGGIERO, JOHN. "IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF INPUT OMISSION ON DEA." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 04, no. 03 (2005): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021962200500160x.
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It is well known in the Data Envelopment Analysis literature that proper variable selection is necessary for the reliable measurement of efficiency. Omitting production relevant variables and/or including irrelevant variables will lead to biased measurement. It is also known that the sample size needs to be large relative to the number of inputs and outputs to prevent classification of efficiency by default. In some empirical settings the number of potential relevant variables is large. Careful selection of an appropriate set of variables is necessary for reliable efficiency measurement. This paper looks at the issue of input selection and uses simulation analysis to develop statistical procedures to provide guidelines for input selection.
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Masuda, Naoki. "Simultaneous Rate-Synchrony Codes in Populations of Spiking Neurons." Neural Computation 18, no. 1 (2006): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976606774841521.
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Firing rates and synchronous firing are often simultaneously relevant signals, and they independently or cooperatively represent external sensory inputs, cognitive events, and environmental situations such as body position. However, how rates and synchrony comodulate and which aspects of inputs are effectively encoded, particularly in the presence of dynamical inputs, are unanswered questions. We examine theoretically how mixed information in dynamic mean input and noise input is represented by dynamic population firing rates and synchrony. In a subthreshold regime, amplitudes of spatially uncorrelated noise are encoded up to a fairly high input frequency, but this requires both rate and synchrony output channels. In a suprathreshold regime, means and common noise amplitudes can be simultaneously and separately encoded by rates and synchrony, respectively, but the input frequency for which this is possible has a lower limit.
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GÜNDÜÇ, Semra, and Recep ERYİGİT. "Determining the most relevant input parameter set by using extreme learning machine." Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series A2-A3 Physical Sciences and Engineering 63, no. 1 (2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33769/aupse.525325.
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In this work, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm is used to estimate the GDP per capita. The amount of electricity production, from four different sources, is chosen as input parameters. To find out the most relevant input data for a reasonable estimation of GDP, different sources introduced separately to ELM. By following the coefficient of determination of estimation, by trial and error, results are obtained. The residuals are also given to show that model perform well. Renewable energy sources produce the best results in the estimation of GDP.
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Bórquez Morales, Lilia Sulema, and Martha Guadalupe Hernández Alvarado. "Input, Output, and Intake." Edähi Boletín Científico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades del ICSHu 10, no. 19 (2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/icshu.v10i19.7869.
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Within the language teaching-learning area, many factors can be identified as impacting the proficiency of the language students achieve. As teachers, we have gone from searching the latest technologies to creating innovative materials that motivate students, passing through the use of resources that integrate skills and curricular designs that help students develop their autonomy. It is in this environment that we consider it relevant to review basic concepts that help us understand how the information we receive needs to be converted into knowledge in order to produce the language being studied. The concepts of input, output, adn intake are reviewed and the relevance of such concepts in Second Language Learning is pointed out in this essay.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Relevant input"
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Oronsaye, Samuel Iyen Jeffrey. "Updating the ionospheric propagation factor, M(3000)F2, global model using the neural network technique and relevant geophysical input parameters." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001609.
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This thesis presents an update to the ionospheric propagation factor, M(3000)F2, global empirical model developed by Oyeyemi et al. (2007) (NNO). An additional aim of this research was to produce the updated model in a form that could be used within the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) global model without adding to the complexity of the IRI. M(3000)F2 is the highest frequency at which a radio signal can be received over a distance of 3000 km after reflection in the ionosphere. The study employed the artificial neural network (ANN) technique using relevant geophysical input parameters which are known to influence the M(3000)F2 parameter. Ionosonde data from 135 ionospheric stations globally, including a number of equatorial stations, were available for this work. M(3000)F2 hourly values from 1976 to 2008, spanning all periods of low and high solar activity were used for model development and verification. A preliminary investigation was first carried out using a relatively small dataset to determine the appropriate input parameters for global M(3000)F2 parameter modelling. Inputs representing diurnal variation, seasonal variation, solar variation, modified dip latitude, longitude and latitude were found to be the optimum parameters for modelling the diurnal and seasonal variations of the M(3000)F2 parameter both on a temporal and spatial basis. The outcome of the preliminary study was applied to the overall dataset to develop a comprehensive ANN M(3000)F2 model which displays a remarkable improvement over the NNO model as well as the IRI version. The model shows 7.11% and 3.85% improvement over the NNO model as well as 13.04% and 10.05% over the IRI M(3000)F2 model, around high and low solar activity periods respectively. A comparison of the diurnal structure of the ANN and the IRI predicted values reveal that the ANN model is more effective in representing the diurnal structure of the M(3000)F2 values than the IRI M(3000)F2 model. The capability of the ANN model in reproducing the seasonal variation pattern of the M(3000)F2 values at 00h00UT, 06h00UT, 12h00UT, and l8h00UT more appropriately than the IRI version is illustrated in this work. A significant result obtained in this study is the ability of the ANN model in improving the post-sunset predicted values of the M(3000)F2 parameter which is known to be problematic to the IRI M(3000)F2 model in the low-latitude and the equatorial regions. The final M(3000)F2 model provides for an improved equatorial prediction and a simplified input space that allows for easy incorporation into the IRI model.
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Oyeyemi, Elijah Oyedola. "A global ionospheric F2 region peak electron density model using neural networks and extended geophysically relevant inputs." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005255.
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This thesis presents my research on the development of a neural network (NN) based global empirical model of the ionospheric F2 region peak electron density using extended geophysically relevant inputs. The main principle behind this approach has been to utilize parameters other than simple geographic co-ordinates, on which the F2 peak electron density is known to depend, and to exploit the technique of NNs, thereby establishing and modeling the non-linear dynamic processes (both in space and time)associated with the F2 region electron density on a global scale. Four different models have been developed in this work. These are the foF2 NN model, M(3000)F2 NN model, short-term forecasting foF2 NN, and a near-real time foF2 NN model. Data used in the training of the NNs were obtained from the worldwide ionosonde stations spanning the period 1964 to 1986 based on availability, which included all periods of calm and disturbed magnetic activity. Common input parameters used in the training of all 4 models are day number (day of the year, DN), Universal Time (UT), a 2 month running mean of the sunspot number (R2), a 2 day running mean of the 3-hour planetary magnetic index ap (A16), solar zenith angle (CHI), geographic latitude (q), magnetic dip angle (I), angle of magnetic declination (D), angle of meridian relative to subsolar point (M). For the short-term and near-real time foF2 models, additional input parameters related to recent past observations of foF2 itself were included in the training of the NNs. The results of the foF2 NN model and M(3000)F2 NN model presented in this work, which compare favourably with the IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model successfully demonstrate the potential of NNs for spatial and temporal modeling of the ionospheric parameters foF2 and M(3000)F2 globally. The results obtained from the short-term foF2 NN model and nearreal time foF2 NN model reveal that, in addition to the temporal and spatial input variables, short-term forecasting of foF2 is much improved by including past observations of foF2 itself. Results obtained from the near-real time foF2 NN model also reveal that there exists a correlation between measured foF2 values at different locations across the globe. Again, comparisons of the foF2 NN model and M(3000)F2 NN model predictions with that of the IRI model predictions and observed values at some selected high latitude stations, suggest that the NN technique can successfully be employed to model the complex irregularities associated with the high latitude regions. Based on the results obtained in this research and the comparison made with the IRI model (URSI and CCIR coefficients), these results justify consideration of the NN technique for the prediction of global ionospheric parameters. I believe that, after consideration by the IRI community, these models will prove to be valuable to both the high frequency (HF) communication and worldwide ionospheric communities.
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Bortoli, Fabricio Zanella de. "Critérios relevantes para a inserção de empresas estrangeiras no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12142/tde-06122018-143419/.
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Este trabalho teve como foco principal o estudo dos processos de entrada de empresas estrangeiras no Brasil com o objetivo de responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Como auxiliar às empresas internacionais interessadas em se estabelecer no Brasil? Para responder à pergunta acima, o objetivo principal do trabalho foi propor um modelo de fluxo de ações e cuidados a serem tomados para que o dirigente executivo da empresa estrangeira possa se basear e assim, melhor se preparar para a execução de um plano de entrada no mercado brasileiro. A estrutura teórica utilizada para dar apoio ao estudo está dividia em três grupos: As teorias de internacionalização, mostrando a sua evolução no tempo. O segundo grupo descreve os principais modos de entrada de uma empresa em outro país, destacando suas vantagens e características. O terceiro grupo, apresenta as barreiras potencialmente encontradas à entrada de uma empresa em um país estrangeiro. O método utilizado para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, incluiu, além da pesquisa teórica, o desenvolvimento e aplicação de entrevistas exploratórias com quatro empresas estrangeiras, em que os achados revelaram os modos de entrada utilizados e as razões de escolha de cada uma, bem como as barreiras à entrada e os problemas enfrentados por falta de um plano pré-expansão. A terceira etapa foi constituída de uma abordagem em formato de entrevista com entidades brasileiras de fomento à internacionalização de empresas no Brasil, para entender quais os critérios e processos essas entidades aplicam a suas empresas clientes estrangeiras. Para concluir o método, a quarta etapa foi outra pesquisa, juntamente com um grupo seleto de especialistas consultores em expansão internacional, com o objetivo de validar tais critérios mencionados nas duas pesquisas anteriores. O resultado foi um modelo de fluxo de ações e critérios a serem observados na etapa pré-expansão como a busca por network local, a visita ao país anfitrião de interesse com a participação em rodadas de negócios e desenvolvimento de pesquisa do mercado para o apoio em informações que servirão à continuidade ou não ao plano de expansão. Em sequência, outros critérios que foram mencionados nas pesquisas foi a listagem das potenciais barreiras à entrada e os modos de entrada com suas vantagens e desvantagens para o mercado e a empresa interessada. Por fim, foi mencionado a importância de preparar o plano de negócio e sua implementação, baseados no tempo e custos de investimento encontrados, seguido da fase de acompanhamento com visitas e auditorias locais. Os achados atenderam ao objetivo desta pesquisa, e podem servir de base de consulta para estudantes e outros especialistas sobre o tema de expansão internacional de empresas no Brasil, além do desenvolvimento de novos estudos comparativos.<br>This work had as its prime focus the study of the processes for the entrance of foreign companies in Brazil in order to respond to the following research question: How to assist international companies interested in establishing themselves in Brazil? To answer the prior question, the main objective of the work was to propose a flow model of actions and care to be taken, so that the executive officer of the foreign company can be based and thus be better prepared for the execution of a plan of entry in the Brazilian market. The theoretical structure used to support the study is divided into three groups: The theories of internationalization, showing their evolution in time. The second group describes key modes for a company to enter another country highlighting its advantages and characteristics. The third group presents potential barriers against the entering of a company in a foreign country. The method used for the development of this study included, in addition to the theoretical research, the development and application of exploratory interviews with four foreign companies, where the findings revealed the used entry modes and the reasons for choosing each as well as the barriers to the entry and the problems faced by the lack of a pre-expansion plan. The third stage consisted of an approach in the format of an interview with Brazilian entities promoting the internationalization of companies in Brazil, in order to understand what criteria and processes these entities apply to their foreign client companies. To conclude the method, the fourth step was another research along with a distinct group of experts, consultants in international expansion, with the aim of validating such criteria mentioned in the previous two surveys. The result was a flow model of actions and criteria to be observed in the pre-expansion stage such as the search for local network, a visit to the host country of interest with participation in business rounds and the development of market research for information-based support that will serve to the continuity or not of the expansion plan. In sequence, other criteria that were mentioned in the surveys were a list of potential barriers to the entrance and the modes of entry with their advantages and disadvantages for the market and for the interested company. Finally, it was mentioned the importance of preparing the business plan and its implementation based on time and the investment costs found, followed by the monitoring phase with visits and local audits. The findings met the goal of this research and can serve as a basis of consultation for students and other experts about the subject of international expansion of companies in Brazil as well as the development of new comparative studies.
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Sjöholm, Thomas. "The Needed Input Data for Accurate On-line Signature Verification : The relevance of pressure and pen inclination for on-line signature verification." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177879.
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Signatures have been used to authenticate documents and transactions for over 1500 years and are still being used today. In this project a method for verifying signatures written on a tablet has been developed and tested in order to test whether pressure information is vital for a well performing on-line signature verification systems. First a background study was conducted to learn about the state-of-the-art methods and what features several research systems used, then the method was developed. The method is a Dynamic Time Warp with 8 local features, 2 of them were pressure values or derived from pressure, and 1 global feature. The developed method was tested on SUSig visual corpus containing signatures from 94 persons. The Equal Error Rate (EER) when not using pressure was 5.39 % for random forgeries and 3.24 % for skilled forgeries. EER when using pressure was 5.19 % for random forgeries and 2.80 % for skilled forgeries. The background study concluded that pen inclination is not required for a well performing system. Considering the result of this project and the result of others, it seems that pressure information is not vital, but provide some valuable information that can be used to classify signatures more accurately.<br>Signaturer har blivit använda för att autentisera dokument och transaktioner i över 1500 år och används än idag. En metod för att testa signaturer skrivna på en digital platta har utvecklats för att testa huruvida tryckkänslighet och vinkeln på pennan är kritiskt för ett välpresterande on-line signature verification system. Först så genomfördes en bakgrundsstudie för att se hur andra moderna metoder gör och vad för features de använder för att sen utveckla metoden. Den använda metoden är en Dynamic Time Warp med 8 lokala features varav 2 är tyckkänslighet eller utvunna från tryckkänslighet samt en global feature. Metoden testades sedan på SUSig visual corpus som har signaturer från 94 personer. Equal Error Rate (EER) för de feature kombinationerna som inte använde tryckkänslighet blev 5.39 % för slumpmässiga signaturer och 3.24 % för förfalskningar. EER för kombinationer av features som innehåller tryckkänslighet blev 5.19 % för slumpmässiga signaturer och 2.80 % för förfalskningar. Givet resultatet av det här projektet samt andra projekt utforskade i bakgrundsstudien så verkar tryckkänslighet inte vara kritiskt men ger en del värdeful information för klassificera signaturer mer träffsäkert. Bakgrundsstudien gav att vinkeln på pennan inte var kritisk för att välpresterande system.
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Oyeyemi, Elijah Oyedola. "A global ionospheric F2 region peak electron density model using neural networks and extended geophysically relevant inputs /." 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/256/.
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Ulrich, Uta [Verfasser]. "Environmental behaviour of selected herbicides in a lowland catchment in Northern Germany : relevance of inputs via surface runoff and drainage systems into surface water / vorgelegt von Uta Ulrich." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010561456/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Relevant input"
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Niżegorodcew, Anna. Input for instructed L2 learners: The relevance of relevance. Multilingual Matters, 2007.
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Niżegorodcew, Anna. Input for Instructed L2 Learners: The Relevance of Relevance. Multilingual Matters, 2007.
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Niżegorodcew, Anna. Input for Instructed L2 Learners: The Relevance of Relevance. Multilingual Matters, 2007.
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Mason, Peggy. Forebrain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0007.
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The anatomy and function of forebrain circuits is described. The role of the hypothalamus as the executive center for regulating and protecting the body’s physiology is detailed. The thalamus is a necessary interpreter for subcortical inputs to cerebral cortex, which uses thalamic input to map the sensory world. The amygdala, critical to expressing and interpreting fear, has been implicated in post-traumatic stress disorder. During resting conditions, the basal ganglia suppress movement. Damage to the basal ganglia produces a hypo- or hyperkinetic disorder. The representation of visual fields in pathways from retina to striate cortex is described in detail. The student is then introduced to the invaluable use of visual field deficits for localizing forebrain lesions. Extrastriate, somatomotor, and prefrontal contributions to abstract functions are outlined in a clinically relevant way. Finally, the importance of the hippocampus to declarative memory is discussed, and common memory symptoms are described.
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Guillery, Ray. The mamillothalamic pathways: my first encounter with the thalamus. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0006.
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My thesis studies had stimulated an interest in the mamillothalamic pathways but also some puzzlement because we knew nothing about the nature of the messages passing along these pathways. Several laboratories were studying the thalamic relay of sensory pathways with great success during my post-doctoral years. Each sensory relay could be understood in terms of the appropriate sensory input, but we had no way of knowing the meaning of the mamillothalamic messages. I introduce these nuclei as an example of the many thalamic nuclei about whose input functions we still know little or nothing. Early clinical studies of mamillary lesions had suggested a role in memory formation, whereas evidence from cortical lesions suggested a role in emotional experiences. Studies of the smallest of the three nuclei forming these pathways then showed it to be concerned with sensing head direction, relevant but not sufficient for defining an animal’s position in space. More recent studies based on studies of cortical activity or cortical damage have provided a plethora of suggestions: as so often, the answers reported depend on the questions asked. That simple conclusion is relevant for all transthalamic pathways. The evidence introduced in Chapter 1, that thalamocortical messages have dual meanings, suggests that we need to rethink our questions. It may prove useful to look at the motor outputs of relevant cortical areas to get clues about some appropriate questions.
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Lidz, Jeffrey L., William Snyder, and Joe Pater, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.001.0001.
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This handbook provides a thorough and systematic investigation of the question of how we come to know a language. Researchers from all over the world explore the leading research questions within developmental linguistics, which include: What does the newborn child bring to the task of language acquisition? What information must the child extract from her linguistic input? And how does biological maturation interact with the child’s developing linguistic abilities? In the main body of the handbook, each chapter addresses a single area of grammatical knowledge, such as syllable structure, negation, or binding theory, and begins with an overview of the fundamental generalizations that guide current linguistic analyses and the features of grammatical representation that these generalizations entail. This is followed by a consideration of language learnability; a review of the relevant acquisition literature organized according to target language, age range of the child, and research methodology; and, finally, a discussion of a series of broader questions, such as: Do the experimental findings that were reviewed in the chapter favour a particular approach to the logical problem of language learnability? In what ways, if any, does the child’s knowledge surpass the information directly available from the input? In what ways can innate structure make the input more informative? Likewise, are there ways in which the child’s knowledge seems more limited than expected, given the richness of the available input?
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Input for Instructed L2 Learners: The Relevance of Relevance (Second Language Acquisition). Multilingual Matters Limited, 2007.
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Input for Instructed L2 Learners: The Relevance of Relevance (Second Language Acquisition). Multilingual Matters Limited, 2007.
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Shapiro, Lawrence A. Embodied Cognition. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0006.
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The article explains the history, core concepts, methodological practices, and future prospects of embodied cognition. Cognitivism treats cognition, including perception, as a constructive process in which computational operations transform a static representation into a goal state. Cognition begins with an input representation so that the psychological subject can be conceived as a passive receptor of information. The cognitivist's primary concern is the discovery of algorithms by which inputs such as those representing shading are transformed into outputs such as those representing shape. The experimental methods need to provide an environment that isolates the stimuli that will be relevant to an investigation of the mental process of interest. Gibson's theory of perception explains that information in the optic array sufficed to specify opportunities for action, thus providing observers with an ability to perceive. Gibson explains that perception is the detection of information that, with no further embellishment, suffices to specify features of an observer's world. The active observer could, by collecting and sampling the wealth of information contained within the optic array, know its world in terms relative to its needs. Embodied cognition researchers conceive of themselves as offering a new framework for studying the mind.
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Simon, Gleeson. Part III Investment Banking, 16 Credit Value Adjustment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0016.
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The chapter discusses credit value adjustment (CVA) under Basel 2.5 and Basel 3. CVA is an adjustment to the fair value (or price) of derivative instruments to account for counterparty credit risk (CCR). Thus, CVA is commonly viewed as the price of CCR. The purpose of the CVA capital charge is to capitalize the risk of future changes in CVA. For most exposures, at any given time the market credit spread on the relevant counterparty is good proxy for the CVA applicable to the exposure, but the regulatory calculations involved reflect a number of factors as well as this particular input.
Book chapters on the topic "Relevant input"
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Hammer, Barbara, and Thomas Villmann. "Estimating Relevant Input Dimensions for Self-organizing Algorithms." In Advances in Self-Organising Maps. Springer London, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0715-6_25.
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Mache, Detlef H., and Jennifer Meyer. "Finding Relevant Input Arguments with Radial Basis Function Networks." In Trends and Applications in Constructive Approximation. Birkhäuser Basel, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7356-3_10.
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Bojer, Thorsten, Barbara Hammer, Marc Strickert, and Thomas Villmann. "Determining Relevant Input Dimensions for the Self Organizing Map." In Neural Networks and Soft Computing. Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1902-1_58.
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Gürbüz, Mustafa Çağrı, Victoria Muerza, Irene Marchiori, and Andrea Zangiacomi. "Unveiling the Challenges of Future Supply Chains: An Explorative Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63505-3_5.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the identification of challenges that supply chains of the future will most likely face. The primary input in this process are the potential optimistic/pessimistic/intermediate future scenarios based on trends within political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental dimensions. Based on such input, we present a list of major challenges/opportunities in relation to the design and operations of Supply Chains (SCs) in the near future. The preliminary list is calibrated and validated based on the input from industry stakeholders (to account for the perspectives of different supply chain actors such as buyers, suppliers, policy makers, and supply chain facilitators) in order to make sure that these challenges are indeed of practical relevance and grounded in reality. The aforementioned challenges are aggregated into several clusters aiming at providing decision makers with a tool that would enable them to quickly and easily spot the relevant challenges and take proper actions to mitigate any potential risk.
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Mainini, Andrea Giovanni, Martina Signorini, Jaroslaw Drozdziel, et al. "Demonstration in Relevant Environments." In Innovative Tools and Methods Using BIM for an Efficient Renovation in Buildings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04670-4_7.
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AbstractThree building case studies were chosen with the purpose of demonstrating the BIM4EEB BIM-based toolkit. The selected buildings are both social houses and residential apartments respecting the needs of vulnerable inhabitants. To increase the representativeness of the test case the buildings are located in three different locations with different climatic conditions, specifically Italy, Poland, Finland. For all the case studies analysed, BIM models were created with different levels of detail (LOD), which, thanks to the interaction with the BIMMS, make it possible to create a common environment for the representation and use of the data collected and subsequently shared between the different tools. Among the three demonstration sites, the Italian site is undergoing building envelope renovation interventions such as the realization of the thermal insulation with ETICS technologies and the replacement of external windows. In order to test the different tools, a demonstration procedure has been defined for them, constituted mainly by workshop activities and quantitative and qualitative evaluations. To assess the level of accomplishment with respect to stated objectives and project success a validation methodology based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was delineated. Precisely, two categories of KPIs have been identified: “mandatory” and “secondary” addressing project objectives and in connection with the literature review and project use cases and tools. To calculate the KPIs standard baselines were estimated, such as are currently in an ongoing process to assess the traditional process that can be compared with the actual value associated with the BIM-based process. The chapter will present the methods and the first intermediate results of a demonstration process that is currently not yet completed and will later see a further application of the tools in dedicated demo sites. Environmental monitoring sensors were installed in selected apartments in Polish and Italian demo site, while were installed in common spaces for the Finnish building. Specific sensors set up have been analysed and chosen to fulfil the different needs related to the specific project outcomes. Inhabitants’ availability, technical condition and flat exposition were criteria followed for the choice of apartments. Sensors allowed to improve the occupancy monitoring and to have a historical record of environmental values such as temperature, humidity and light strictly connected to users’ preferences. The mobile application about renovation activities performed and residents’ indoor home conditions—BIM4Occupants—has been installed by the users and specific workshops with inhabitants were carried out for registration purposes. The BIM Management System is currently collecting sensors’ data stream and data stream between tools such as BIM4Occupants and BIMPlanner. Project monitoring and better communication among users were tested in a different workshop by applying the BIMPlanner tool in the plans and progress site operations. The functionalities of the refurbishment scenario simulation tool—BIMeaser—were tested in qualitative and quantitative design workshops respectively with the construction professionals using the two pilot sites in Italy and in Finland and with the aim of assessing the achieved time savings of using this tool compared to the manual data input process of the scenario simulation.
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Saturno, Jacopo. "Strategie di formazione delle parole in varietà iniziali di polacco L2." In Le lingue slave tra struttura e uso. Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-328-5.16.
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This paper describes word formation as observed in the earliest stages of L2 Polish. 31 L1 Italian beginning learners took part in a 14-hour Polish course, which was recorded, transcribed and morphologically tagged in order to correlate learner output with the relevant input features. After 4:30 hours, the learners could produce new words using the derivational suffix -k-, which in the input can be found in the majority of feminine nouns. This finding suggests that after minimal exposure, learners can identify the morphological structure of a class of nouns and reproduce it in their output.
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Chen, Liang-Ting, and Hsiang-Shang Ko. "A Formal Treatment of Bidirectional Typing." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57262-3_5.
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AbstractThere has been much progress in designing bidirectional type systems and associated type synthesis algorithms, but mainly on a case-by-case basis. To remedy the situation, this paper develops a general and formal theory of bidirectional typing for simply typed languages: for every signature that specifies a mode-correct bidirectionally typed language, there exists a proof-relevant type synthesiser which, given an input abstract syntax tree, constructs a typing derivation if any, gives its refutation if not, or reports that the input does not have enough type annotations. Sufficient conditions for deriving a type synthesiser such as soundness, completeness, and mode-correctness are studied universally for all signatures. We propose a preprocessing step called mode decoration, which helps the user to deal with missing type annotations. The entire theory is formally implemented in Agda, so we provide a verified generator of proof-relevant type synthesisers as a by-product of our formalism.
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Yadav, Vibha, and Satyendra Nath. "Identification of Relevant Stochastic Input Variables for Prediction of Daily PM10 Using Artificial Neural Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0589-4_3.
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Jamshidi, Parisa, Sławomir Nowaczyk, and Mahmoud Rahat. "EcoShap: Save Computations by only Calculating Shapley Values for Relevant Features." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50396-2_2.
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AbstractOne of the most widely adopted approaches for eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) involves employing of Shapley values (SVs) to determine the relative importance of input features. While based on a solid mathematical foundation derived from cooperative game theory, SVs have a significant drawback: high computational cost. Calculating the exact SV is an NP-hard problem, necessitating the use of approximations, particularly when dealing with more than twenty features. On the other hand, determining SVs for all features is seldom necessary in practice; users are primarily interested in the most important ones only. This paper introduces the Economic Hierarchical Shapley values (ecoShap) method for calculating SVs for the most crucial features only, with reduced computational cost. EcoShap iteratively expands disjoint groups of features in a tree-like manner, avoiding the expensive computations for the majority of less important features. Our experimental results across eight datasets demonstrate that the proposed technique efficiently identifies top features; at a 50% reduction in computational costs, it can determine between three and seven of the most important features.
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Miralpeix, Imma, Ferran Gesa, and Maria del Mar Suárez. "Vocabulary learning from audiovisual input at first exposure in young adult novice learners." In Language Learning & Language Teaching. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.61.09mir.
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In this ‘First Exposure’ (FE) study, 106 Catalan/Spanish young adults proficient in English watched a short advert with the audio in English and subtitles in Polish, a language they were not familiar with. Results indicated that vocabulary learning took place, as their meaning recognition scores were significantly higher than those of a control group who had not seen the video. The most recurrent learning strategies these novice learners used were associations with imagery and with vocabulary in previously learned languages, along with attention to specific input factors such as frequency of word occurrence. Findings reveal how audiovisual input can help vocabulary acquisition at FE, as well as factors relevant for learning from video viewing at these very first stages.
Conference papers on the topic "Relevant input"
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Taumaturgo, Vincenzo, and Elena Abbagnato. "Malfunction Tests in a Laboratory Environment for Vehicle Systems Certification." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1296.
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This paper describes the methodology, involving testing and simulation activities, to assess malfunction conditions of complex systems installed on fly-by-wire vehicles, including the evaluation of their effects. This paper provides also a description about how the system malfunction tests are designed, driven by input requirements and systems capability and behavior. With respect to prior publications, this paper includes some practical test examples, based on systems monitoring, logics and alerting functions. The case study described here comes from a portion of multiple laboratory certification tests done for AW609 Tiltrotor, focused on Avionics System malfunctions. These tests and simulations are a valuable Means of Compliance with respect to applicable airworthiness rules, and a suitable means to verify the design safety requirements. Three relevant examples are presented, grouped by input requirement and safety conditions. The effect of such malfunctions is evaluated, with respect to the Avionics System output produced to keep adequate flightcrew awareness about the vehicle status.
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Manna, Kathleen, Joseph Moore, Kenneth Wunch, et al. "Relative Performance of Various 16S iTag Amplicon Sequencing Primer Pairs in Profiling Microbial Communities Relevant to Oil & Gas Operations." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13442.
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Abstract The oil and gas industry's efforts to characterize microbial communities in oilfield process fluids has shed increasing light on the influence of bacteria and archaea on hydrocarbon production. Notably, topside or downhole water contamination by microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria, acid-producing bacteria, and/or other halophiles can negatively impact asset integrity and reduce the quality and quantity of produced hydrocarbons. Molecular microbiology methods have contributed to our understanding of these complex processes by providing unprecedented resolution of resident microbial communities. However, a lack of methodological consistency among industry and academic laboratories studying microbiological processes in oilfield systems has precluded the industry's ability to discern broad cause-and-effect trends or compare results across laboratories. For example, there exists no standard primer set for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing agreed upon by the oil and gas community. Recently, a partnership between industrial and academic laboratories was initiated to perform a comprehensive microbial audit of multiple unconventional upstream operations. Over the course of the audit, samples were systematically taken during drilling, throughout completions, and periodically over the first year of production. Produced water samples were submitted for whole-genome metagenomics sequencing and assembly with near-complete genomes for input microbes and reservoir-colonizing microbes subsequently resolved. The intention of creating this genome-resolved metagenomics dataset was to remove the PCR bias of any given 16S rRNA gene amplification primer set, allowing for comparisons of the performance of common primer pairs. This, along with corroborating in silico evaluations, led to the conclusion that many of the primer pairs commonly used for 16S rRNA sequencing of environmental/energy samples provide accurate and comparable profiles of microbial communities associated with oil and gas operations. The choice of the optimal primer pair to use at a specific site depends on the metadata associated with that location. This optimized approach allows for comprehensive characterization of the microbial communities present in oilfield process fluids and facilitates the choice of the most effective microbial control solution.
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Qin, S. Joe, and Yingying Zheng. "Concurrent projection to latent structures for output-relevant and input-relevant fault monitoring." In 2012 IEEE 51st Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2012.6426571.
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Robbes, Didier, Gilles Allegre, Stephane Flament, Sylvain Lebargy, Adrian Swinton, and Olivier Massglia. "One input - multi output sensors: A relevant concept?" In 2014 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2014.6984986.
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Krauter, Stefan, Paul Grunow, Alexander Preiss, Soeren Rindert, and Nicoletta Ferretti. "Inaccuracies of input data relevant for PV yield prediction." In 2008 33rd IEEE Photovolatic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2008.4922866.
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Jeffery, Kate. "The Structural Logic of the Brain’s Representation of Space: How Studies in Rodents can Inform Architectural Design for Humans." In Design Computation Input/Output 2021. Design Computation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/dcio.2021.udsu8630.
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Architects design buildings for humans to use, and as such, it is relevant to consider how it is that we internally represent space, because this highlights factors that should be prioritised in design. Recent discoveries in neuroscience, made by studying the neural activity patterns in rodents, have uncovered a spatial mapping system that is recruited when physically moving around in a space. This system evidently exists in humans too. The core of the system is formed by sets of neurons that seem to be sensitive to, or “encode”, fundamental aspects of space including the location of the agent within it and its facing direction, how far it is away from the borders and the identity and overall structural symmetry of the space itself. Study of how these neurons adjust their activity when these aspects of the space, or of the subject within it, are changed has yielded insights about how space is mapped. One of the oddest findings has been that – all other things being equal – the fundamental metric structure of this “cognitive map” is hexagonal. In this paper I outline the basics of the cognitive mapping system, describe the properties that have emerged from studying it in rats and mice, and then consider how these might influence architectural design for humans.
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De Bruyne, F. "Closed-loop relevant identification of input-output and noise dynamics." In Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.1998.688452.
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Oskina, Maria, Zoltan Rusak, and Peter Boom. "Eye on HMI - Assessment of Human-Machine Interface with wearable eye-tracking glasses." In Design Computation Input/Output 2022. Design Computation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/dcio.2022.gpqp2161.
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More and more modern transport modalities are equipped with complex human-machine interfaces (HMI). HMI aim to narrow the information gap between the complex automation system and their human operator to ensure fast, effective interaction and decision making. We see HMI in the traffic controllers' rooms, the ADAS-equipped vehicles, the public transport drivers' rooms, and many other modern transport modes. Designers create HMIs to effectively draw the operator’s attention to the most necessary and critical information and to facilitate accurate and fast decision making. Whether these systems adequately support human operators and achieve the intention of their designer is difficult to test objectively. [Hamilton and Grabowki 2013] showed that visual, manual and cognitive distractions of ADAS-equipped vehicles tend to distract drivers, who in turn behave less safe on the roads. There is, however, no comprehensive overview about the typical cognitive challenges operators facing in different domains of HMI applications and how these challenges can be objectively assessed. We conducted a series of interviews on difficulties of operators’ Human-Machine interface experience with human factors experts working with in railway and ADAS systems and investigated Endsley's situation awareness theory in dynamic systems [Endsley 1995]. Our interviewees reported several typical issues from their HMI studies, including missing events on the HMI displays, information overload of operators, lack of contextual and situational awareness and, as a resulting mismatch in expected and performed operator actions. We aim to develop and objective approach based on mobile eye tracking technology that can be used to characterize operator situation awareness, decision making and task performance and validate HMI designs in specific mobility and industry applications. The first step of our method is HAZOP analysis of the Human-Machine events and operator tasks, which results in a set of use cases for the eye-tracking experiments. In the experiments, we use wearable eye-tracking glasses combined with AI based computer vision algorithms. Wearable eyetracking enables us to conduct studies in real world scenarios, while AI based computer vision helps use to automatically identify relevant events and streamline the eye tracking data analysis workflow. With the use of glasses, we collect hotspot analysis, sequence of eye movement analysis, time to capture alarms and other parameters. Finally, we use an AI (and open AI) component in the glasses to mark the event of interest and track when the eye interacts with an area or an event of interest. We process gained data to conclude the events engagement, mistakes in responses, and missed out information and explain the root causes. In the past period, we conducted a pilot study to validate the quality of data collected with the openeye eye-tracking equipment (https://kexxu.com/ ). In the next step, we will use validate our method in a full-size experiment. We are convinced that our insights will help to bring significant improvements in current research approaches for human factor studies about comfort, safety and effectiveness of the human-machine interaction. We also aim to apply our method in training and upskilling operators."
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Kim, Jinsung, Jaeyeol Song, and Jin-Kook Lee. "Inference of Relevant BIM Objects Using CNN for Visual-input Based Auto-Modeling." In 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2019/0053.
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Mertes, Silvan, Tobias Huber, Christina Karle, et al. "Relevant Irrelevance: Generating Alterfactual Explanations for Image Classifiers." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/52.
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In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of alterfactual explanations for black box image classifiers. Traditional explanation mechanisms from the field of Counterfactual Thinking are a widely-used paradigm for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), as they follow a natural way of reasoning that humans are familiar with. However, most common approaches from this field are based on communicating information about features or characteristics that are especially important for an AI's decision. However, to fully understand a decision, not only knowledge about relevant features is needed, but the awareness of irrelevant information also highly contributes to the creation of a user's mental model of an AI system. To this end, a novel approach for explaining AI systems called alterfactual explanations was recently proposed on a conceptual level. It is based on showing an alternative reality where irrelevant features of an AI's input are altered. By doing so, the user directly sees which input data characteristics can change arbitrarily without influencing the AI's decision. In this paper, we show for the first time that it is possible to apply this idea to black box models based on neural networks. To this end, we present a GAN-based approach to generate these alterfactual explanations for binary image classifiers. Further, we present a user study that gives interesting insights on how alterfactual explanations can complement counterfactual explanations.
Reports on the topic "Relevant input"
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Eastman, Brittany. Micromobility, User Input, and Standardization. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023015.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Micromobility is often discussed in the context of minimizing traffic congestion and transportation pollution by encouraging people to travel shorter (i.e., typically urban) distances using bicycle or scooters instead of single-occupancy vehicles. It is also frequently championed as a solution to the “first-mile/last-mile” problem. If the demographics and intended users of micromobility vary largely by community, surely that means we must identify different reasons for using micromobility.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Micromobility, User Input, and Standardization</b> considers potential options for standardization in engineering and public policy, how real people are using micromobility, and the relevant barriers that come with that usage. It examines the history of existing technologies, compares various traffic laws, and highlights barriers to micromobility standardization—particularly in low-income communities of color. Lastly, it considers how engineers and legislators can use this information to effectively innovate micromobility devices and regulatory frameworks that meet the needs of communities while effectively outlining guidelines for providers. These are processes must happen concurrently and inform one another.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Jettestuen, Espen, Olav Aursjø, Jan Ludvig Vinningland, Aksel Hiorth, and Arild Lohne. Smart Water flooding: Part 2: Important input parameters for modeling and upscaling workflow. University of Stavanger, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.200.
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This document presents some guidelines on how to conduct numerical investigations of the physicochemical effects of Smart Water flooding on different length scales. The National IOR Centre of Norway (NIORC) has developed several simulation tools. The objective of this report is to describe how three NIORC-developed simulation tools BADChIMP, IORCoreSim, and IORSim, can be used to investigate Smart Water effects on different length scales. We present which input parameters are needed by the simulation tools, and we discuss which processes these tools are suited to study. When working with different length scales, one of the challenges is how to upscale results obtained from smaller scales, i.e., pore and core scale experiments or simulations, to the field scale. Here, three relevant questions are: 1) how far do the Smart Water effects propagate into a reservoir? 2) What is the effect of reservoir temperature on Smart Water behavior? 3) How is the oil release, observed on core scale, related to the oil production from a field? This document targets research scientists planning to perform either pore scale simulations, core scale simulations, or field scale simulations for Smart Water studies. The technical level of the document is targeting an industry engineer.
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Wright, Adam, Marija Milacic, Karen Rothfels, et al. Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy of Reactome's Curated Biological Pathways. Reactome, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3180/poster/20221109wright.
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Reactome is a database of human biological pathways manually curated from the primary literature and peer-reviewed by experts. To evaluate the utility of Reactome pathways for predicting functional consequences of genetic perturbations, we compared predictions of perturbation effects based on Reactome pathways against published empirical observations. Ten cancer-relevant Reactome pathways, representing diverse biological processes such as signal transduction, cell division, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation, were selected for testing. For each pathway, root input nodes and key pathway outputs were defined. We then used pathway-diagram-derived logic graphs to predict, either by inspection by biocurators or using a novel algorithm MP-BioPath, the effects of bidirectional perturbations (upregulation/activation or downregulation/inhibition) of single root inputs on the status of key outputs. These predictions were then compared to published empirical tests.
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Breitbarth, Marco, Anja Hentschel, and Simon Kaser. Kunststoffeinträge von Kunstrasenplätzen in Entwässerungssystem - Aufkommen, Rahmenbedingungen und Möglichkeiten der Eintragsminderung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627994.
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Plastics as an environmental problem have been in the focus of science, politics and the public for a long time. Various sources and pathways have already been identified and a wide range of measures have been developed to reduce and, if possible, avoid inputs into the environment. Artificial grass pitches represent a special source of plastic inputs into the environment. Artificial grass with different infill materials has been widely used for some time now on surfaces for a wide range of sports, both amateur and professional. It is characterised by various advantages over natural grass. However, the use of artificial grass on sports surfaces also has its downsides, especially for the environment. On the one hand, the synthetic grass fibres themselves, which become detached through wear, are problematic. On the other hand, synthetic granulate is used as infill material on these pitches to reduce the risk of injury to players, to support the blades of artificial grass and to improve the playing characteristics of the field. However, this granulate can enter the environment in various ways - indirectly via drainage systems or directly. The following comments reflect research results from the InRePlast project. In the following chapter 2, the results of our own investigations on the topic are presented. In Chapter 3, these are compared to other publications and evaluated with regard to their significance. Chapter 4 is devoted to technical and organisational measures to reduce discharges as well as legal approaches to regulation. Finally, Chapter 5 draws a conclusion. Among other things, the study concludes that artificial grass pitches are less relevant as a specific source of plastic inputs than previously discussed. It should also be noted that the input into drainage systems via the collection of dirty water has a significantly higher relevance than the input via the collection of precipitation at the edge of the pitch and that measures should therefore focus on the carry-over on players' clothing and shoes.
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Klaus, Ian, Amanda Eichel, Debra Roberts, Seth Schultz, and Aromar Revi. Shared Science, Shared Future – SUP Action Agenda. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv411.2022.
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The SUP Action Agenda provides the perspective of city and business leaders in response to the three volumes of the Summary for Urban Policymakers (SUP) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR6). The Action Agenda explicitly focuses on the policy and solution space, outlining both the opportunities for, and business investments required, to incentivize engagement from all relevant stakeholder communities for co-created solutions to the climate change crisis. While grounded in the scientific understanding of the climate crisis, the Action Agenda goes beyond the SUP Series and the foundational IPCC reports to include inputs from city and business leaders. Distinct from the official SUP Series, which is authored by the scientific community with input from practitioners, the Action Agenda is written from the perspective of city and business leaders and organizations that represent them.
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Carter, Becky. Analysing Intersecting Social Inequalities in Crisis Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.003.
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Analysis of intersecting social inequalities is key to effective, inclusive interventions in crisis settings. Gender equality and social inclusion analytical frameworks provide key research questions and participatory methodologies which seek to understand: Who is excluded? How are they excluded? Why are they excluded? What can be done to address this and support greater inclusion? There is a focus on underlying power dynamics, drivers of marginalisation, and entry points for external support. This rapid review presents a summary of relevant analytical frameworks and good practice for analysing intersecting social inequalities in crisis settings. The focus is on how to undertake contextual analysis of the vulnerabilities and needs of people in crises that are shaped by overlapping and compounding social inequalities, arising from discrimination based on gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression and sex characteristics, ethnicity and religion (among other identifiers). The review draws on and presents prior research that identified relevant analytical frameworks, learning and key resources on how to undertake this type of analysis, through a rapid literature search and input by key experts. It summarises a range of frameworks relevant for analysing intersecting social inequalities in crisis settings, developed for various development, humanitarian and peacebuilding objectives. It was harder to find published learning from undertaking this analysis that focuses specifically on crisis settings, but it was possible to draw findings from some individual case studies as well as relevant summaries of learning presented in the analytical frameworks and other guidance materials.
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Freed, Danielle. K4D Evidence Summaries Informing Global COVID-19 Pandemic Response. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.158.
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The global COVID-19 pandemic presented a context of rapidly changing and complex development challenges. Recognising an immediate need for timely support in making sense of a proliferation of pandemic-related resources, the team at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) (formerly the Department for International Development) commissioned the K4D Programme to provide regular summaries of the evidence being generated world-wide on the COVID-19 pandemic. As a rapid response research service, K4D was able to capture and collate relevant evolving evidence across a range of themes on a weekly, then daily, basis. Evidence indicates these summaries have served as a key input in delivering an evidence-based response to the global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Vos, Rob. Educational Indicators: What's to Be Measured? Inter-American Development Bank, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011588.
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Currently, numerous strategies and new initiatives for improving quality of schooling at the primary and secondary levels are being considered and implemented, with strong support from multilateral agencies, including the World Bank and the IDB. These initiatives include increasing availability and quality of teaching materials, in-service training of teachers, improvement of teaching methods, supply of subsidized breakfast and lunches at school, etc. There is little dispute these are important and necessary interventions. However, the design, monitoring and evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of these programs and of the educational sector in general is hampered by persistent deficiencies in the quality and timely availability of educational statistics. The objective of the present paper is to provide a framework for the identification of relevant educational indicators. Which are relevant types of information depends on what one wishes to analyze for which policy need. Accordingly, the paper conceptualizes two typologies. The first identifies different types of operational educational indicators, distinguishing between input, access, output and outcome indicators to show that an appropriate information system requires to cover the whole process from supplying educational services, demand factors and accessibility, to results in terms of educational performance and externalities derived from enhanced human capital formation. The second typology distinguishes various types of policy-relevant analysis, such as the assessment of educational performance and needs, cost-effectiveness analysis of educational programs, impact evaluation and assessment of externalities. The informational needs in terms of indicators are specified for each type of policy analysis. The paper concludes with a specification of priority needs in data improvement.
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Allado, Armin Paul, Lance Nicklaus Lim, Neri Angelie Tulauan, Marvin Kyle Abreu, Patricia Louise Agabin, and Jaoquin Charles Regio. Construction of an Index Tracker for Debt Sustainability Assessment in the Philippines. Asian Development Bank Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/lpbc3497.
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With economies around the world facing more dire challenges as an immediate result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for national governments to borrow funds has grown. The abrupt increase in debt level highlights the importance of implementing suitable models to project emerging debt scenarios and assess debt sustainability. Given that sustainable debt levels vary from country to country, we applied the IMF’s Debt Sustainability Analysis to assess the Philippines’ debt burden over time to be used as an input in the construction of a debt index tracker that incorporates other relevant fiscal and economic indicators. The index tracker serves as an aggregate barometer on whether debt levels have breached the sustainable threshold level. Furthermore, we will utilize the debt tracker to show the implicit debt ceiling and the available fiscal policy room that can respond to the next potential shock.
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Ringhand, Madlen, Maximilian Bäumler, Christian Siebke, Marcus Mai, and Felix Elrod. Report on validation of the stochastic traffic simulation (Part A). Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2021.242.
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This document is intended to give an overview of the human subject study in a driving simulator that was conducted by the Chair of Traffic and Transportation Psychology (Verkehrspsychologie – VPSY) of the Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) to provide the Chair of Automotive Engineering (Lehrstuhl Kraftfahrzeugtechnik – LKT) of TUD with the necessary input for the validation of a stochastic traffic simulation, especially for the parameterization, consolidation, and validation of driver behaviour models. VPSY planned, conducted, and analysed a driving simulator study. The main purpose of the study was to analyse driving behaviour and gaze data at intersections in urban areas. Based on relevant literature, a simulated driving environment was created, in which a sample of drivers passed a variety of intersections. Considering different driver states, driving tasks, and traffic situations, the collected data provide detailed information about human gaze and driving behaviour when approaching and crossing intersections. The collected data was transferred to LKT for the development of the stochastic traffic simulation.