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Lakshmi, G., Afrin Banu K., Afrin F., and Divya C. "A STUDY ON THE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12818.
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Thefinancialanalysishelpsinknowingthefinancialperformance ofthecompany. It also helps the company to predict the future profits and totake corrective measures to achieve them. The study is to analyze thefinancial performance of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) for a periodof five years. The objective of the study is to determine the liquidity,profitability andturnover rate of RIL. The tool used to analyze thefinancial position of the company is Ratio analysis. The tool helps incomparing the financial status of the current year with past years andalso in providing few suggestions with which the company can improveto do better in the future. The data are collected from the secondarysources like annual reports, company websites and other reliable sites.From the analysis, we find that the company is lagging in various areas.Improving which will help the company to achieve its ideal ratios. Theprofitability and turnover ratios are better when compared to liquidityratios. The company was able to achieve the ideal ratios of profitabilityin few years but couldnt achieve the liquidity ratios even for a singleyear.Alsotheworkingcapitalturnoverhasbeennegativeforallthefiveyears. The company must improve to bring the working capital to apositive rate by decreasing its current liabilities. The current liabilitieshave always been more than the current assets which is not good for thecompany.
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Dorward, Caitlin, Sean Michael Smukler, and Kent Mullinix. "A novel methodology to assess land-based food self-reliance in the Southwest British Columbia bioregion." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000053.
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AbstractThere is a growing awareness that climate change, economic instability, resource limitations and population growth are impacting the capacity of the contemporary global food system to meet human nutrition needs. Although there is widespread recognition that food systems must evolve in the face of these issues, a polarized debate has emerged around the merit of global-versus-local approaches to this evolution. Local food system advocates argue that increasing food self-reliance will concomitantly benefit human health, the environment and local economies, while critics argue that only a globalized system will produce enough calories to efficiently and economically feed the world. This debate is strong in British Columbia (BC), Canada, where residents and food security experts have called for increased food self-reliance while the provincial government largely supports export-oriented agriculture. As elsewhere, however, in BC this debate takes place in absence of an understanding of capacity for food self-reliance. The few studies that have previously evaluated self-reliance in this region have been limited in their approach in a number of ways. In this study we use a novel methodology to assess current (2011) status of land-based food self-reliance for a diet satisfying nutritional recommendations and food preferences that accounts for seasonality of crop production and the source of livestock feed, and applied it to the Southwest BC bioregion (SWBC) as a case study. We found that agricultural land use in SWBC is dominated by hay, pasture and corn silage, followed by fruits and vegetables. Fruit and vegetable production comprise 87% of total food crop production in SWBC by weight, and a substantial amount is produced in quantities beyond SWBC need per crop type, representing an export focused commodity with limited contribution to food self-reliance. Results illustrate that SWBC is a major producer of livestock products, but these industries rely on feed grain imports. The production of feed grain could therefore be considered a major constraint on self-reliance; SWBC's total dietary self-reliance is 12% if discounting livestock feed imports or 40% if including them. Results demonstrate that a diet including foods that cannot be grown in the region or consumed fresh out of season, limits potential food self-reliance. Our methods reveal the value of factoring dietary recommendations and food consumption patterns into food self-reliance assessments and the necessity of accounting for the source of livestock feed to fully understand the self-reliance status of a region.
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Barker, Jeremy. "(Europe Section Alessandro Volta Award) The Journey Towards the Large-Scale Commercialization of Low-Cost and High Energy Density Na-ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 6 (October 9, 2022): 2494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0262494mtgabs.
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Na-ion batteries based on non-aqueous electrolytes represent an inexpensive and sustainable alternative to their Li-ion counterparts [1,2]. The cost advantage is particularly apparent at the present time as the prices of battery grade Li and Co precursor salts have spiraled upwards in the last 18 months. Faradion Limited is a UK-based company, founded in 2011 and from December 2021, part of Reliance Industries Limited of India*. It is commercializing its Na-ion battery technology in a number of large format applications. It has identified and developed a wide range of inexpensive and proprietary active materials and non-aqueous electrolyte systems which offer low manufacturing costs as well as outstanding electrochemical performance and intrinsic safety. Over the past 10 years the company has incorporated these materials into full-scale Na-ion cells to a point where battery performance characteristics such as energy density, rate capability and cycle life are competitive with commercial Li-ion technologies. The Faradion Na-ion prototype cells demonstrate low-capacity fade on cycling, coupled to low polarization and excellent columbic and energy (round-trip) efficiency and may be configured for both energy and power applications. The use of Al for both current collectors serves as an additional and significant cost and safety benefit and allows the cells to be stored and transported at 0 V (i.e. physically shorted) [3]. The Faradion Na-ion cells are manufactured on commercial Li-ion production lines using proven battery designs [4,5]. Pouch, cylindrical and prismatic cell designs have all been demonstrated successfully [6]. Faradion has worked with its commercial partners to scale-up its Na-ion cell chemistry to the 40 Wh and 90 Wh pouch cell level – see for example, figure 1. These cells deliver a cell level specific energy of over 150 Wh/kg and have been incorporated into a range of demonstrator energy storage applications, including E-bike, residential, renewables, telecoms and automotive [6]. Faradion’s technology roadmap indicates that a specific energy in excess of 190 Wh/kg will be accessible in the near future. Other key attributes such as low precursor costs, material sustainability and excellent temperature range, confirm that Faradion’s Na-ion battery technology will prove commercially successful in a range of large format applications [7]. Reference s: [1] J. Barker, M.Y. Saidi and J. Swoyer, Electrochem. Solid-State Chem. 6 (2003) A1 [2] K. Kubota and S. Komaba, J. Electrochem. Soc., 162 (2015) A2538. doi.org/10.1149/2.0151514jes [3] (a) A. Rudola, C.J. Wright and J. Barker, Energy Materials Advances, 2021 Article ID 9798460. doi.org/10.34133/2021/9798460 (b) J. Barker and C.J. Wright, Assignee: Faradion Limited. US Patent #11159027 [4] A. Bauer, J. Song, S. Vail, W. Pan, J. Barker and Y. Lu, Adv. Energy Materials, 1 2018, 1702869. doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201702869 [5] For example, J. Barker and R.J. Heap, Assignee: Faradion Limited, US Patent#9774035, US Patent #9917307, US Patent #1019628, US Patent #10115966, US Patent #10050271, US Patent #10399863 [6] (a) American Chemical Society, Chemical & Engineering News, July 20, 2015, Vol. 93, Issue 29. (b) American Chemical Society, Chemical & Engineering News, May 24, 2022, Vol. 100, Issue 19 [7] A. Rudola et al. J. Mater Chem A, 2021, 9, 8279-8302. doi.org/10.1039/D1TA00376C Footnote: [*] In late 2021, Faradion Limited was acquired by Reliance New Energy Systems Limited (RNESL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) of India. Figure 1
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Kofi-Opata, Edwina. "Spatial Patterns and Trends in Energy Use and Consumption in Africa." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 15, no. 4 (July 26, 2016): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341398.
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Energy lies at the core of every human activity and can be described as having a pervasive influence on all aspects of development making it one of the most important resources that belies the development of any given country. Developing countries on the other hand are constantly faced with the daunting task of providing its industries and citizens with energy in its various forms. The resulting effect is limiting economic development and by extension limited social development. In meeting this need, the Ghanaian populace have and continue to rely on traditional biomass amid associated risks and health complications. This article analyzes the factors accounting for the heavy reliance on traditional biomass in Sub Saharan Africa (ssa) with particular reference to Ghana and to determine if these factors promote a spatial pattern formation in energy use.
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Rishi, Bikramjit, Archit Kacker, and Shreya Gupta. "Entry of Reliance Jio in the telecom industry: a ripple in the ocean." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2017-0167.
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Subject area Marketing Management, Marketing Strategy and Marketing Communication. Study level/applicability The case is targeted at students of post-graduation and under-graduation programs in Business Administration, specializing in Marketing Management or Marketing Strategy. Case overview Mukesh Ambani’s announcement about the launching of Reliance Jio at the 41st Annual General Meeting (AGM) of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) in June 2015 sent shock waves in the telecom industry. Everyone, including the customers, competitors and the entire telecom industry, was excited to know whether Reliance Jio would be able to make a dent or fizzle out like a weak firecracker. Was it time for the top players to be worried and pull their socks up or will it be an inconsequential ripple in the ocean? Mukesh Ambani saw the telecom sector from a new viewpoint and proposed a complete set of solution in the form of Reliance Jio SIM card that addressed the different needs of customers through various applications. This has spread rumors of a merger between Idea and Vodafone in India, which can have a huge impact on Reliance Jio and the telecom sector in general. The profitability indicator that was earlier determined as the average revenue per user (ARPU) will continue to dominate. The companies will be scrambling to find different ways to increase the ARPU to maximize the returns. This would also lead to a downsize in the cost in such a way that their operations do not suffer and profitability is also not negatively affected. Expected learning outcomes To better understand the entry strategy of firms in highly volatile business situations. To know about the competitors and their contribution to the operational and strategic changes of a new entrant. To understand the proceedings associated with marketing communication for establishing a product in a highly competitive market. To know about the impact of joining hands with the competitors on a new entrant. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.
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Bak, Ozlem. "Supply chain risk management research agenda." Business Process Management Journal 24, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 567–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-02-2017-0021.
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Purpose Supply chain risk (SCR) has increasingly attracted academic and corporate interest; however, the SCR debate in academic literature is rather limited to case- and location-specific studies. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to utilize a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore the SCR research trends and gaps within the management literature. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research objective an SLR, looking into 25 years since 1990, into supply chain risk management (SCRM) was conducted, which resulted in 114 papers. Findings While the SCRM literature is growing, results from the SLR identified limited organized understanding of what constitutes a holistic SCR process, and high reliance of particular categories for SCR, such as the high reliance on specific country settings (the USA and the UK); limited presence of cross competitive SCR process analysis and challenges in developing conceptual SCR frameworks. Research limitations/implications The SCR embeds categories of location, scope of supply chain, risk management tools, and the industry sectors involved. The search for related publications was mainly used from a wide range of coverage from accountancy to design in SCR; hence, although there is indication to specific industries, and foci of risk, this could be explored further. Practical implications This review of SCRM identifies various research gaps and directions for future research to develop theory and a practical understanding of SCR. Originality/value The current literature on SCR has been assessed based on its definition and utilization. The current paper bridges this gap by synthesizing the diverse academic journal papers into the categories based on the design continuum, relationship continuum, process continuum and economic continuum. In addition, it highlights the gaps in industry context, theoretical contribution, geographic location, and research methods applied and addresses the scope for further research.
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Aftab, Muhammad, Karim Bux Shah Syed, and Naveed Akhter Katper. "Exchange-rate volatility and Malaysian-Thai bilateral industry trade flows." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-05-2015-0091.
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Purpose After the fall of fix exchange rate regime in early 1970s, the nexus between the exchange rate volatility and trade flows has been of a great interest to the policy makers and researchers. Resultantly an extensive literature is available on the topic. However, the research findings are inconclusiveness so far. The purpose of this paper is to examine the exchange-rate volatility and bilateral industry trade link between the two important countries of Southeast Asia, i.e. Malaysia and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach This study employs Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1, 1) to measure exchange rate volatility and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to study the relationship between exchange rate volatility and trade flows. ARDL approach is suitable to accommodate the mix cases (i.e. stationary and first difference stationary). The paper considers 62 Malaysian exporting and 60 Malaysian importing industries with Thailand over the monthly period 2000-2013. Findings Findings suggest the influence of exchange-rate volatility on the trade flows in a limited number of industries. Large industries like instruments and apparatus experience negative influence from exchange-rate volatility. Originality/value Past literature continued to be inconclusiveness on the nexus between exchange-rate volatility and trade flows due to its over-reliance on the aggregated data. Besides, the past studies are more based on quarterly or yearly frequency data. These issues contribute to the aggregation bias. This research focusses on a country bilateral trade pair, using industry level disaggregated monthly data. Such research is rare in Malaysian-Thai bilateral trade context. This study uses a suitable estimation approach and also draws valuable implications.
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Purwar, Archana, Indu Chawla, Sarthak Jain, Rahul Malhotra, and Dhanesh Chaudhary. "Stock Recommendation and Trade Assistance." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.313423.
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Investing in the stock market has never been an easy task. This paper develops a stock recommendation and trade assistance that uses the past performance of the stock to predict its future performance using linear regression model. Linear regression model has given an accuracy of 99.8% as compared to support vector machine (SVM) which resulted into an accuracy of 94.6%. Data set used under the study was extracted from the historic stock data of reliance industries limited (RIL). To analyze whether to buy or sell the stock, four financial algorithms, namely Bollinger bands, moving average convergence/divergence indicator (MACD), money flow index (MFI), and relative strength index (RSI) are employed to find the composite result. Moreover, sentiment analysis of the news depending upon the earning calls and the annual general meetings is done to provide an overall stock and market sentiment analysis. In-depth balance sheet analysis of the company is also done using various instruments to make the trade assistance more accurate. The values for WACC, D/E ratio, and NPV obtained are 14.99, 0.76, and 8.9 lakh crores for RIL.
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Hossain, Imam, Md Shihabul Islam, Rabeya Sultana, and Md R. Rahman. "IoT Based Home Automation System Using Renewable Energy." American Journal of Agricultural Science, Engineering, and Technology 6, no. 3 (November 2, 2022): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajaset.v6i3.820.
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Smart Homes are becoming a part of the Internet of Things, which is growing in applications across a wide range of industries. Current smart home systems have discrete features, low portability, limited updating capabilities, and a reliance on personal computers. The proposed system is expanded on renewable energy source from solar with monitoring and controlling website and mobile application. In this article, we recommend an Internet of Things-based smart home system for comfort, entertainment, and security. Smart home technologies using a smart home app on a smartphone or other connected device to control smart devices like security cameras, smart locks, automated doors, and electric appliances (light, fan, air cooler, air conditioner, washing machine, cooking oven, and so on), a user is able to control the comfort, security, convenience, and energy efficiency of their home. This technology will help to prevent wastage of electricity. Users will be able to reduce their total cost to a great extent and this technology will be a milestone in the overall development of the country. This system addresses these issues by utilizing renewable energy source, ESP 8266, and relay module and cloud computing technologies.
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Bhasin, Madan Lal. "MEASUREMENT AND DISCLOSURE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: An Exploratory Study." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 02, no. 08 (September 11, 2012): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20120208a08.
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In today’s knowledge-based economy, measurement, management and disclosure of intellectual capital (IC) are very crucial for enhancing business performance and economic growth, both in manufacturing as well as service organizations. This study attempts to provide an insight into the style of IC disclosures and measurements done by the Indian companies. First, a longitudinal study was carried out to analyze how three Indian firms--Reliance Industries Limited, Balrampur Chini Mills and Shree Cement Limited--disclose their IC reports. Second, in order to survey the recent IC measurement scenario, we conducted another study of 8 Indian pharmaceutical companies in which the market value added (MVA) approach is applied for measuring IC on their 2004-05 to 2008-09 annual reports. Also, it seeks to measure the effectiveness of IC as compared to tangible assets (TA) for the selected companies. On an average, the selected pharmaceutical companies reported a positive value of IC; significant correlation has been noticed between TA and net operating profits. However, no significant difference was found between percentage of IC to MV and percentage of TA to MV. The results of longitudinal study confirmed that IC disclosure in these companies is almost negligible and its disclosure had not received any preference from the mentors of these corporations. IC reports may initially be used for ‘internal’ management purposes; but an ‘external’ stakeholder-focus of IC report should be the ultimate goal. Unfortunately, the omission of IC information may adversely influence the quality of decisions made by shareholders, or lead to material misstatements.
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Tetreault, Joseph, Rachel Fogle, and Todd Guerdat. "Towards a Capture and Reuse Model for Aquaculture Effluent as a Hydroponic Nutrient Solution Using Aerobic Microbial Reactors." Horticulturae 7, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100334.
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Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) technologies are required to meet current and future food production demand as the global population rises, arable land decreases, and minerals for fertilizer production are depleted. Hydroponics and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are intensive production methods that can provide season-independent vegetables and seafood in urban settings but are limited by a reliance on fertilizing solutions made from finite mineral reserves and the treatment and disposal costs of nutrient rich effluent, respectively. The development of a capture and reuse system where RAS effluent is solubilized to become plant-available and utilized as a hydroponic nutrient solution would aid both industries and increase food security in urban food deserts. Aerobic mineralization is used in domestic wastewater treatment to reduce solid content and solubilize particulate-bound nutrients. Preliminary studies have also shown that aerobic mineralization can be an effective method for RAS effluent treatment. Aerobic batch reactors were used to mineralize RAS effluent in this study. Suspended solids reduction achieved in the reactors was measured throughout the experiment and the plant-availability of twelve nutrients was determined before and after treatment. It was shown that aerobic mineralization can effectively reduce particulate-bound solids and solubilize nutrients to increase plant utilization in RAS effluent.
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Dai, Ying, and Shyh-Huei Hwang. "Technique, Creativity, and Sustainability of Bamboo Craft Courses: Teaching Educational Practices for Sustainable Development." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092487.
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The 18-year history of bamboo craftsmanship in the university curriculum of Taiwan started with the popularization of concepts such as green design, community building, and cultural and creative industries. Bamboo is an environmentally-friendly material that has received much attention in the 21st century. Craftsmanship has drawn the attention of universities. This study uses participatory observation and interviews to collect information on bamboo craft courses in four departments of three universities and uses qualitative coding analysis to explore the sustainable teaching methods of craftsmanship teachers, sustainable development learning effects on students, and different ways of promoting sustainable development education (ESD) with bamboo craft courses in different universities. The research results show the following: (1) There are differences in bamboo craft courses: teachers’ craftsmanship and curricula are different, resulting in differences in technical depth and creativity; (2) with respect to the ESD evaluation criteria of the four bamboo craft courses, skills learning itself is not complete, but students are provided with a path to self-reliance in the craft and in responding to cultural sustainability challenges; and (3) regarding the relationship between ESD and bamboo craft education, bamboo craft education promotes the concept of sustainability and is important for the creation of crafts; universities offer opportunities for testing students’ technical talents and knowledge, but ESD is limited and blurry.
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Heggde, Githa, and Deepak Shyam. "The future of petroleum business at RIL – to stay or to exit." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2016): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2016-0044.
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Subject area Subject areas are strategic management and marketing management. Study level/applicability This case can be used in strategic management and marketing management courses for MBA students. Case overview This case discusses the future of petroleum business at Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) – whether to stay or exit. This scenario took place between 2001 and 2008. The volatility in the external environment was beyond their control. Or was it so? This case encapsulates the characteristics of innovative strategy formulation, leading to successful differentiation in a regulated and commoditized industry. This case portrays two significant aspects of business strategy by RIL. First is to comprehend the pioneering strategies formulation and implementation by RIL in the petroleum retailing business. Second is the severe impact of external forces on the company’s current and future prospects and what contingency plans could have been made. Expected learning outcomes This study enables to understand how innovative and differentiation strategies can be successfully applied in a commoditized business; to comprehend the effective application of forward integration and brand extension in a complex, scale-driven industry; and to understand the implication of external threats severely disrupting a growing business. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy
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Tabakovic, Amir. "Is this the end of the road for bio-inspired road construction materials?" RILEM Technical Letters 7 (September 23, 2022): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2022.156.
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The global road network spans 64.3million km and is of huge significance for the social and economic development. The level of investment in road construction and maintenance is high, e.g. EU €44billion/year (2019), China €614.7billion/year (2019) and US €94billion/year (2019). Despite the level of investment, there has been minimal investment in the development of new asphalt technologies, particularly when compared with R&D investment in other industries, such as the automotive industry. Despite the limited investment, there have been some innovations in asphalt technology. For the past 20 years, researchers have developed bio-inspired asphalt technology, self-healing and bio-binders and have applied them to asphalt pavements. This research has emerged as a response to global warming and the need to reduce both carbon emissions and reliance on oil in asphalt technology. This paper charts the development of two bio-inspired technologies and considers their significance in relation to the need to reduce carbon emissions and oil dependence (in line with the UN strategic goals, specifically: SDG 9, 11 and 12). This paper considers the potential benefits of bio-inspired technologies and outlines the current barriers to their further development. This paper aims to begin a conversation with stakeholders on how to speed up the acceptance of bio-inspired asphalt technologies and their adoption in road design, construction and maintenance. Or is it the case that we have reached the end of the road for bio-inspired road construction materials?
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Khisa, Kelvin, and Arthur Onyuka. "Greening Kenya’s Special Economic Zones and Industrial Parks: Achieving their Competitiveness in the face of Resource Scarcity and a Changing Climate Regime." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 4, no. 4 (2018): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.44.2002.
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The culture of industrialization through special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial parks (IPs) is gathering momentum in Kenya. Increasingly, the Kenyan private sector is recognizing that SEZs/ IPs do provide an enabling environment for manufacturing comprising of energy, water, telecommunications, transport, and waste management infrastructure that is non-existent in other manufacturing locations across the country. Because SEZs/ IPs concentrate industries in delimited zones, their strict adherence to the ideals of resource use efficiency and eco-innovation as well as waste and by-product exchange through industrial symbiosis (IS) will enable them increase their productivity and lower their carbon footprints while remaining competitive. Unfortunately, the current master plans governing the planning, design, construction, and operationalization of the country’s SEZs/IPs are based on the wasteful linear economic development model of extracting raw materials, converting them into consumable products and discarding the resultant wastes into the landfill/ dumpsite. This traditional linear economic development model is characterized with linear flows of matter, where raw material inputs are mined, value added into desired products, made use of, and discarded with a trail of waste at every stage of the supply chain. Such an approach to economic development can only be sustainable in a situation where the country is endowed with endless resources for its increasing demand and that land is always available for waste disposal. This is certainly not the case for Kenya. As a result, there is emerging international consensus that over-reliance on wasteful linear economic development models is no longer sustainable. A much more promising economic development model is one that seeks to promote a circular economy that is powered by enhanced resource use efficiency, the adoption of the 3R philosophy of reducing, reusing, and recycling wastes, before engaging industrial symbiosis to deal with the inevitable residual waste. This paper highlights the environmental and socio-economic benefits of the spontaneous evolution of industrial symbiosis at the Athi River SEZ in four clusters. The results reveal a spontaneously emerging cluster network within the economic zone that is largely driven by the prevailing forces of supply and demand; an existing intercompany material flow system that is being hampered by a weak waste recovery and recycling infrastructure; a limited application of the principles of industrial ecology in mitigating the environmental challenges of the economic zone; and a weak governance structure that is incapable of enabling the entire economic zone to assume low-carbon, resource efficient and climate resilient operational status.
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Siff, Stephen. "“Why Do You Think They Call It Dope?”: Richard Nixon’s National Mass Media Campaign Against Drug Abuse." Journalism & Communication Monographs 20, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 172–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1522637918787804.
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This monograph explores how corporate, political, and public health concerns shaped the Nixon administration’s public service advertising campaign against drug abuse. Between 1970 and 1973, the Nixon administration worked with the nonprofit Advertising Council to orchestrate a national, “one-voice” mass media campaign to change Americans’ attitudes toward the use of drugs. Papers preserved in the archives of the Advertising Council and by Nixon administration officials expose behind-the-scenes conflicts over the government’s drug-abuse message among the White House, federal agency staff, and private partners in the campaign, including drug companies and the advertising and broadcasting industries. Controversies included whether to include alcohol, marijuana, legally marketed prescription drugs such as amphetamines, and dangerous retail drugs such as headache medicines and caffeine, and whether the campaign should promote safe drug use or only discourage “abuse.” Archival records reveal the president’s power to set the government’s message, despite bureaucratic and expert resistance. However, government control over the propaganda campaign was limited by reliance on the Ad Council and the voluntary participation of networks and broadcasters to distribute public service announcements (PSAs). Through the Ad Council’s process of reviewing and obtaining broadcast network clearances for individual PSAs, advertisements that disparaged alcohol and other legally advertised products were weeded from the national campaign. Ultimately, the White House’s vision of a mass media offensive against drug abuse in all its forms was implemented primarily as a campaign against the use of illegal drugs, particularly by youth. Although successful with broadcasters, the campaign was terminated in 1973 amid concerns it was actually stimulating illegal drug use.
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James, Ananthu, Jyoti Dalal, Timokleia Kousi, Daniela Vivacqua, Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara, Izabel Cristina Dos Reis, Sara Botero Mesa, et al. "An in-depth statistical analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic’s initial spread in the WHO African region." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 4 (April 2022): e007295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007295.
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During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, sub-Saharan African countries experienced comparatively lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections and related deaths than in other parts of the world, the reasons for which remain unclear. Yet, there was also considerable variation between countries. Here, we explored potential drivers of this variation among 46 of the 47 WHO African region Member States in a cross-sectional study. We described five indicators of early COVID-19 spread and severity for each country as of 29 November 2020: delay in detection of the first case, length of the early epidemic growth period, cumulative and peak attack rates and crude case fatality ratio (CFR). We tested the influence of 13 pre-pandemic and pandemic response predictor variables on the country-level variation in the spread and severity indicators using multivariate statistics and regression analysis. We found that wealthier African countries, with larger tourism industries and older populations, had higher peak (p<0.001) and cumulative (p<0.001) attack rates, and lower CFRs (p=0.021). More urbanised countries also had higher attack rates (p<0.001 for both indicators). Countries applying more stringent early control policies experienced greater delay in detection of the first case (p<0.001), but the initial propagation of the virus was slower in relatively wealthy, touristic African countries (p=0.023). Careful and early implementation of strict government policies were likely pivotal to delaying the initial phase of the pandemic, but did not have much impact on other indicators of spread and severity. An over-reliance on disruptive containment measures in more resource-limited contexts is neither effective nor sustainable. We thus urge decision-makers to prioritise the reduction of resource-based health disparities, and surveillance and response capacities in particular, to ensure global resilience against future threats to public health and economic stability.
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Tandon, Poonam. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20098103iv.
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The POLYCHAR 16: World Forum on Advanced Materials, organized by the University of Lucknow, was held from 17 to 21 February 2008 in the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The annual POLYCHAR conferences have been sponsored by IUPAC for several years and are known for combining the broad field of materials sciences with a clear focus on polymeric materials (the name "POLYCHAR" is derived from the term "polymer characterization"). POLYCHAR 16 was supported by many scientific associations and industries such as IUPAC, Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) (Trieste, Italy), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (India), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (India), Reliance Industries Ltd. (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Uttar Pradesh Council of Science and Technology (UPCST) (India), Lucknow Chapter, Materials Research Society of India (MRSI), and University of Lucknow.As in past years, POLYCHAR puts emphasis on the quality of research presented - in contrast to maximizing the number of participants. The areas covered include nanomaterials and smart materials; natural and biodegradable materials and recycling; materials synthesis; polymers for energy; rheology, solutions, and processing; mechanical properties and performance; characterization and structure-property relationships; biomaterials and tissue engineering; dielectric and electrical properties; surfaces, interfaces, and tribology; and predictive methods. Symptomatically, the number of papers on "green" science was higher than at POLYCHAR 15 last year in Búzios, Rio de Janeiro.There were a total of 292 registered participants from 35 countries (Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Fiji, UK, France, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Mauritius, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sri Lanka, Slovakia, South Africa, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela). This reflects the philosophy of POLYCHAR to provide an international forum to encourage young scientists and advanced students to present their scientific work and give them the opportunity to meet with colleagues and well-known scientists to discuss their results, exchange experiences, and make new contacts, in particular, international ones. Many industrial contacts and much international cooperation with exchange of students and scientists have resulted from this and earlier POLYCHAR meetings.This conference volume represents only a small fraction of the multitude of contributions from different parts of materials science - 48 oral contributions and 170 posters. Many of the contributions have review character, some represent excellent original contributions. Only a small number could be selected for this volume because of the limited space that is available. All this was possible with the sponsorship of IUPAC. Highlights of the conference were the Paul J. Flory Research Award (ex aequo) to Prof. Jiasong He, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; the International Materials Research Award to Dr. Rameshvar Adhikari, Tribhuvan University, Katmandu, Nepal; and numerous awards for young scientists and students, including the IUPAC Poster Award. Special Prof. Brar's 60th Birthday Celebration Awards were given to IUPAC poster prize winners.The next POLYCHAR will be hosted by Jean-Marc Saiter, University of Rouen, Rouen, France in April 2009.Poonam TandonConference Executive Secretary and Co-editor
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Irawan, Bambang, and Nana Sutrisna. "Prospek Pengembangan Sorgum di Jawa Barat Mendukung Diversifikasi Pangan." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 29, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v29n2.2011.99-113.
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<p><strong>English</strong><br />One of issues in Indonesia related with food security is reliance on imported foods, especially wheat and rice. To cope with this issue, development of local food crops substitute to both foods is essential particularly those adapted to dry land characterized by barrenness, high erosion risk, and limited water supply. Sorghum is one of local food crops to these drought characteristics. Use of sorghum as flour for producing processed foods (noodles, breads, cakes, etc.) can substitute up to 15 to 50 percent of wheat flour. Other industrial products, as well as bio-ethanol, can also be produced using sorghum. Sorghum crop waste is contains high nutrients appropriate for animal feed. To encourage sorghum cultivation in the dry land it is necessary to apply an integrated agribusiness, namely sorghum plant, flour processing, bio ethanol processing, and cattle farming, conducted in a large scale. Development of sorghum processing industries is essential in expanding sorghum market as well as its economic value. In the same time cattle farming is essential to maintain dry land fertility. As an initial stage, this integrated business should be conducted by BUMN (government own companies) facilitated by subsidized investment credit.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi Indonesia berkaitan dengan ketahanan pangan adalah ketergantungan terhadap bahan pangan impor terutama beras dan gandum. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka perlu dikembangkan bahan pangan lokal lain yang dapat mensubstitusi kedua bahan pangan tersebut dan dapat dikembangkan pada lahan kering yang umumnya memiliki kesuburan rendah, peka terhadap erosi dan ketersediaan air terbatas. Sorgum merupakan tanaman pangan lokal yang dapat dikembangkan pada lahan kering dan penggunaan tepung sorgum untuk pembuatan berbagai produk makanan olahan (mie, roti, kue, dst) dapat mensubstitusi 15%-50 persen tepung gandum. Berbagai produk industri lainnya dan bioetanol juga dapat dibuat dari sorgum sementara limbah tanaman sorgum bernilai gizi tinggi untuk bahan pakan ternak. Untuk mendorong pengembangan tanaman sorgum di lahan kering perlu diterapkan sistem usaha yang terintegrasi : tanaman sorgum - pengolahan tepung sorgum – pengolahan bioetanol - ternak sapi dalam skala luas. Pengembangan industri pengolahan sorgum diperlukan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi dan memperluas pasar sorgum sedangkan pengembangan ternak sapi diperlukan untuk mempertahankan kesuburan lahan kering. Sebagai inisiasi, pengembangan usaha yang terintegrasi tersebut perlu dilaksanakan oleh BUMN yang difasilitasi dengan subsidi kredit investasi.</p>
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Naz, Raveena. "Efficacy of corporate social responsibility in corporate governance structures of family owned business groups in India." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobr_v2_i1_p5.
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The concept of ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) has often relied on firms thinking beyond their economic interest despite the larger debate of shareholder versus stakeholder interest. India gave legal recognition to CSR in the Companies Act, 2013. CSR in India is believed to be different for two reasons: the dominance of family business and the history of practice of social responsibility as a form of philanthropy (mainly among the family business). This paper problematises the actual structure of business houses in India and the role of CSR in a context where the law identifies each company as a separate business entity while the economics of institutions emphasizes the ‘business group’ consisting of a plethora of firms as the institutional organization of business where capital owned or controlled by the family group is spread across the firms through the interlocked holding structures. Within this framework, the largest family firms, which are part of family owned business groups, top the CSR expenditure list. The governance structure of family firms allows family owned business group to show mandatory compliance of CSR even when they actually spend much less than what is prescribed by law. This aspect of the family firms is not addressed by the CSR legislation in particular or corporate governance legislation in general in India. The paper illustrates this with an empirical study of one of the largest family owned business group in India Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), which is well acclaimed for its CSR activities. The paper demonstrates how the business group through these series of shareholding network reduces its legally mandated CSR liability. The paper thus indicates the inadequacy of CSR legislation in India because the unit of compliance is an individual firm and it assumes that each firm is independent and only connected to each other through market dealings. The law does not recognize the inter-connections of firms (through common ownership and control) in corporate governance structures of family owned business group and hence is inadequate in its design to effect the threshold level of CSR expenditure. This is the central argument of the paper.
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Azeemi, Naeem Z., Riktesh Srivastava, Meraj Naem, Ghassan Al Utaibi, Omar al Basheer, and M. A. Habli. "Regulation of Industrial Process For Non-Invasive Scanning Instrumentation—A Novel Approach." GIS Business 14, no. 6 (December 5, 2019): 875–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.15263.
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Despite the diversity in application of spectroscopic techniques ranging from pharmaceutical industries, food and beverage or petrochemical industries; scientific data produced by these instrument is still limited in accuracy and errors associated with the luminescence. Unlike Chemical Force Microscopy (CFM), non-invasive instrumentation provides reliable and precise control in Industrial Process Regulation (IPR), where a chemical compound is always a point-of-care. Additionally, growing trends in analytical instrumentation towards Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) has shift the manufacturer’s emphasis on sensitivity as well as robustness. Though expensive, but imaging spectrometer characterize a process or an object over a large range of luminescence such as Visual, Ultra-Violet (UV), Near Infra-Red (NIR), Infra-Red (IR), and Raman, to name a few.
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Klingner, Stephan, Stephanie Pravemann, and Michael Becker. "Service productivity in different industries – an empirical investigation." Benchmarking: An International Journal 22, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 238–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-04-2013-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively evaluate of the current status of productivity management of industrial and non-industrial service companies in Germany. Based on that knowledge, best practices and needs regarding tools and methods can be identified. Design/methodology/approach – In two qualitative pre-studies the theoretical foundation of service productivity was built. Using this knowledge, a quantitative empirical survey was conducted, including almost 2000 service companies. The sampling frame was based on a company database provided by Hoppenstedt. Samples were randomly selected using proportionate stratified sampling. Findings – The findings show the economic importance and meaningfulness of service productivity management, independently from the industry. Research limitations/implications – Due to the chosen population, the findings are limited to Germany. Furthermore, a more detailed comparison of service industries beyond industrial and non-industrial services was not feasible. Practical implications – The data contained evidence that companies conducing productivity management are more successful than those who are not. This underlines the economic importance service productivity management. Originality/value – The paper provides reliable, quantitative insights of the current status, demands, and benefits of service productivity management in the industrial as well as non-industrial sector.
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Chede, Dr Bharat. "Design Consideration of Material Handling Equipment for Ganga Iron and Steel Limited, Nagpur." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36291.
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In the last several years’ material handling has become a new, complex, and rapidly evolving science. Material handling system (MHS) design has a direct influence on the logistics cost. This work is to locates and identifies the wasteful activities regarding the material handling, and to streamline the activities to reach a minimum of material handling. Most of industries are using EOT cranes for handling of material. In today’s modern era, crane is very important material handling equipment in industry because of safety reliability, fast speed, economy etc. In this paper, discussed about design Consideration of material handling equipment for ganga iron and steel limited Nagpur. In the current material handling equipment, the life of the overhead crane as well as the cost of the material handling equipment is too important to stay in the competitive market of the industries. The cost of the material handling equipment is depending on the weight of the material. The performance of the material handling equipment will be done by the working on the optimization of the overhead crane used in the industries. Crane is a reliable component for lifting load in industries. Crane fails due to high friction in between wire rope and pulley. It leads to failure in gear box or it may increase power requirement of crane to lift loads. It is necessary for the crane to lift the load with minimum effort and minimum friction between the mating surfaces Based on the design calculations and analysis, a prototype crane was simulation, ncs, analysis.
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CHAUDHURY, SANTANU, S. SUBRAMANIAN, and GUTURU PARTHASARATHY. "RECOGNITION OF PARTIAL PLANAR SHAPES IN LIMITED MEMORY ENVIRONMENTS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 04, no. 04 (December 1990): 603–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001490000344.
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Industrial vision systems should be capable of recognising noisy objects, partially occluded objects and randomly located and/or oriented objects. This paper considers the problem of recognition of partially occluded planar shapes using contour segment-based features. None of the techniques suggested in the literature for solving the above problem guarantee reliable results for problem instances which require memory in excess of what is available. In this paper, a heuristic search-based recognition algorithm is presented, which guarantees reliable recognition results even when memory is limited. This algorithm identifies an object, the maximum portion of whose contour is visible in a conglomerate of objects. For increasing efficiency of the method, a two-stage recognition scheme has been designed. In the first phase, a relevant subset of the known model shapes is chosen and in the second stage, matching between the unknown shape and elements of the relevant subset is attempted using the above approach. The technique is general in the sense that it can be used with any kind of contour features. To evaluate the efficiency of the method, experimentation was carried out using polygonal approximations of the object contours. Results are cited for establishing the effectiveness of the approach.
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Bagewadi, Madhuri. "Industrial Monitoring Using Internet of Things -A MQTT Paradigm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38193.
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Abstract: Internet of things (IOT) has taken a very pervasive role in our technological advancement. Today we find development in medical, schools, industrial sectors using IOT to enhance their operations. IOT is used in medical to gather information about patient’s health records, in schools’ teachers are able to track attendance of students in the campus, in industries motor controls, maintenance, and predictive fault analysis are some of application. The architecture of IOT is setup in such a way that sensors and actuators are connected to the internet. The devices on which interface to internet are small embedded modules such as microcontroller which have limited resources and processing power at the edge. Hence an efficient and reliable communication protocol is needed which fulfills the design criteria. MQTT is implemented using client and broker network entities. In this paper a hardware system is developed which tracks and monitor the parameters like temperature, RPM, vibration, load current and voltage of induction motor. A Dashboard is developed which illustrates the various parameters on IOT cloud platform which can be accessed remotely. Keywords: MQTT-Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, edge computing, Industrial IOT.
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Hsu, Pau-Lo, and Wei-Ru Fann. "Fuzzy Adaptive Control of Machining Processes With a Self-Learning Algorithm." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 118, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831062.
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When machining conditions change significantly, applying parameter-adaptive control to the cutting system by varying the table feedrate allows a constant cutting force to be maintained. Although several controller schemes have been proposed, their cutting control performance is limited especially when the cutting conditions vary significantly. This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy logic control (FLC) developed for cutting processes under various cutting conditions. The controller adopts on-line scaling factors for cases with varied cutting parameters. In addition, a reliable self-learning (SL) algorithm is proposed to achieve even better cutting performance by modifying the adaptive FLC rule base according to properly weighted performance measurements. Both simulation and experimental results show that given a sufficient number of learning cases, the adaptive SL-FLC is effective for a wide range of applications. The successful implementation of the proposed adaptive SL-FLC algorithm on an industrial heavy-duty machining center indicates that the proposed adaptive SL-FLC is feasible for use in manufacturing industries.
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Matizamhuka, Wallace. "The Impact of Magnetic Materials in Renewable Energy-Related Technologies in the 21st Century Industrial Revolution: The Case of South Africa." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3149412.
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Magnetic materials specifically permanent magnets are critical for the efficient performance of many renewable energy technologies. The increased reliance on renewable energy sources has accelerated research in energy-related technologies the world over. The use of rare-earth (RE) metals in permanent magnets continues to be a source of greater concern owing to the limited RE supply coupled with dwindling reserves on the globe. This review focuses on how this has impacted on the state-of-the-art magnetic materials that continue to play a pivotal role in driving renewable energy technologies. Magnetic materials are perceived as key in driving the 21st century industrial revolution, and the participation of South Africa in this energy paradigm is critical in driving a new industrial revolution within the African continent. A number of opportunities are highlighted, and clarity is given on the several ubiquitous misconceptions and the risks on the heavy reliance on a single source for RE magnetic materials.
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Podolsky, Igor A., Susanna Seppälä, Thomas S. Lankiewicz, Jennifer L. Brown, Candice L. Swift, and Michelle A. O'Malley. "Harnessing Nature's Anaerobes for Biotechnology and Bioprocessing." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030340.
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Industrial biotechnology has the potential to decrease our reliance on petroleum for fuel and bio-based chemical production and also enable valorization of waste streams. Anaerobic microorganisms thrive in resource-limited environments and offer an array of novel bioactivities in this regard that could revolutionize biomanufacturing. However, they have not been adopted for widespread industrial use owing to their strict growth requirements, limited number of available strains, difficulty in scale-up, and genetic intractability. This review provides an overview of current and future uses for anaerobes in biotechnology and bioprocessing in the postgenomic era. We focus on the recently characterized anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycota) native to the digestive tract of large herbivores, which possess a trove of enzymes, pathways, transporters, and other biomolecules that can be harnessed for numerous biotechnological applications. Resolving current genetic intractability, scale-up, and cultivation challenges will unlock the potential of these lignocellulolytic fungi and other nonmodel micro-organisms to accelerate bio-based production.
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Avishan, Nardin, Naveed Hussain, and Farhat Nosheen. "Large-scale Graphene Production and Transfer for Industrial Applications." Materials Innovations 02, no. 01 (2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54738/mi.2022.2102.
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Compared to chemically derived graphene (Gr), chemical deposition (CVD) grown Gr has better crystal quality and hence superior electrical properties, which render it applicable for next-generation electronic and applications including solar cells, , , sensors, etc. Though the excellent performance of CVD grown Gr based devices has been demonstrated on the lab scale, Industrial scale production of these devices is limited by reliable large-scale production and transfer of CVD grown Gr. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments on large scale CVD production of Gr and industrially applicable transfer methods.
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Galuska, Alan A. "Atomic Force Microscopy of Industrial Polymers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600018237.
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The performance of many industrial polymers is determined by the microscopic morphology of the polymers. For example, surface morphology can influence properties such as adhesion, friction, sealing, blocking, printability, wettability, and haze. Furthermore, bulk morphology often controls mechanical properties such as toughness. strength, wear, and tear resistance. In order to optimize polymer performance, quick reliable methods of determining surface and bulk morphology are essential.In the past, electron microscopy (in particular TEM) has been the primary method for determining polymer morphology. However, the usefulness of electron microscopy has been limited by the destructive nature of the electron beam, the naturally poor contrast between polymer types, and the difficulty in preparing (staining, etching, cryogenic ultramicrotoming, etc.) high quality specimens.Recently, the tapping phase-shift mode of atomic force microscopy (TPSAFM) has provided the polymer scientist with a simple, quick, flexible and quantitative method for determining polymer surface and bulk morphology.
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Owusu-Yeboah, B., D. Mireku Gyimah, and C. F. K. Akayuli. "Re-Design of Mine Tailings Storage Facility for Adamus Resources Limited." Ghana Mining Journal 19, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v19i2.4.
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AbstractThe suitability of a centerline or upstream design as a sustainable option for construction of future raises for the existing Life of Mine (LoM) downstream Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) at Adamus Resources Limited (ARL) was investigated using Slope/W in GeoStudio Software. Review of technical information, evaluation of the performance of the existing Stage 6 dam, and geotechnical investigations of available construction materials were undertaken in this research. Insights were gained about the TSF’s life cycle and current bearing capacity for intended future raises. Viable geotechnical parameters were established to define construction material specifications as well as input data for modelling the new designs. The British Standards Institute (BSI) standards were adopted for all the material testing protocols carried out at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Building and Road Research Institute (CSIR-BRRI) laboratory in Kumasi. The scope of modelling covered the original downstream as well as the centerline and upstream options. The geometric design and stability analysis focused only on the southern and northern embankments of the TSF. The modelling outputs yielded reliable Stability Factors of Safety (FoS) for all designs investigated, above the regulatory criteria. Subsequently, a semi-quantitative multi-criteria evaluation was used to select the preferred option between the centreline and upstream alternatives. The results showed that technically, economically and by regulatory compliance, the centreline design is a better alternative and therefore recommended for adoption by ARL. Keywords: Tailings Storage Facility, Geotechnical Parameters, Stability Analysis, Modelling, Multi-Criteria
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Jabbar, Abdul, Qammer H. Abbasi, Nadeem Anjum, Tahera Kalsoom, Naeem Ramzan, Shehzad Ahmed, Piyya Muhammad Rafi-ul-Shan, Oluyemi Peter Falade, Muhammad Ali Imran, and Masood Ur Rehman. "Millimeter-Wave Smart Antenna Solutions for URLLC in Industry 4.0 and Beyond." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072688.
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Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm of digitalization and automation that demands high data rates and real-time ultra-reliable agile communication. Industrial communication at sub-6 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands has some serious impediments, such as interference, spectral congestion, and limited bandwidth. These limitations hinder the high throughput and reliability requirements of modern industrial applications and mission-critical scenarios. In this paper, we critically assess the potential of the 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) ISM band as an enabler for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in smart manufacturing, smart factories, and mission-critical operations in Industry 4.0 and beyond. A holistic overview of 60 GHz wireless standards and key performance indicators are discussed. Then the review of 60 GHz smart antenna systems facilitating agile communication for Industry 4.0 and beyond is presented. We envisage that the use of 60 GHz communication and smart antenna systems are crucial for modern industrial communication so that URLLC in Industry 4.0 and beyond could soar to its full potential.
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Cartuche Cojitambo, Nathaly, Margarita M. Redina, Jesus López Villada, and Rafael Soria Peñafiel. "Commercial potential of linear Fresnel solar collectors in the industrial sector of Ecuador: preliminary assessment." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 27, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2019-27-2-143-153.
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One of the crucial challenges faced by industry has been finding approaches that meet its increasing energy demand and decreasing reliance on non-renewable sources. Ecuadorian policies promote the use of renewable sources of energy; nevertheless, there is limited research on concentrated solar energy in the country. Therefore, this review article presents an overview on previous research on the description of linear Fresnel collectors for solar heat for industrial processes, promising Ecuadorian industrial branches for its application, and the solar resource available for this purpose in Ecuador. As a result of existing literature analysis, the manufacturing industry may be a key sector for the application of this technology, which could reduce the use of conventional energy sources, especially in the food industry located in the Andean region. The outcomes will contribute to future thorough research on the topic.
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Mishra, Manjushree, and Ajeya Jha. "Prioritizing Sectors for Economic Development in Sikkim, India." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2014040105.
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Sikkim, a mountainous state in the Himalayas joined the democratic mainstream of the Indian Union in 1975. It has made enormous progress in planned economic development since then. Mountainous terrain and lack of reliable transportation and infrastructure does not allow establishments of large scale industries. Agriculture, dairy farming and cottage industries have limited scope of expansion. Hydro-electricity generation, pharmaceutical, tourism and tea appear to be promising and fastest growing economic sectors. Thus, these four growth sectors have been considered for evaluation. Six major criteria (such as Installation Cost, Return on Investment, Sustainability, Social Acceptance, Environment Friendliness, and Future Demand) were appropriately selected have been considered for evaluation of these alternatives for prioritising these economic sectors. The alternatives were subjected to pairwise comparison using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) so as to arrive at objective conclusions. The analysis of selected economic sectors and findings has been discussed in this article.
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Latif, Shahid, Saeed Mahfooz, Naveed Ahmad, Bilal Jan, Haleem Farman, Murad Khan, and Kijun Han. "Industrial Internet of Things Based Efficient and Reliable Data Dissemination Solution for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1857202.
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Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the other name of industrial Internet. It integrates a variety of existing industrial automation technologies with computing, machine learning, and communication technologies. Vehicular ad hoc network, an application of IIoT, is a self-organized network of vehicles which tends to provide improved road safety, diminished traffic congestion, and ultimate comfort to the travellers. In VANETs, vehicles exchange data with each other directly or through roadside units (RSUs). Data dissemination in VANETs experiences numerous challenging issues including broadcast storm, network partitions, intermittent connectivity between vehicles, and limited bandwidth. In literature, various data dissemination schemes are proposed. However, most of these schemes are designed for either urban or highway VANET scenarios and evaluated under sparse or dense traffic conditions. Moreover, these schemes do not effectively overcome the aforementioned issues simultaneously. In this paper, we present a new data dissemination protocol for VANETs, which disseminates the emergency messages in different scenarios under varying traffic conditions. During dense traffic conditions, DDP4V employs the segmentation of transmission region of a vehicle in order to select the most appropriate next forwarding vehicle (NFV). Accordingly, it divides the transmission region of a vehicle in three distinct segments and selects vehicle(s) inside the highest priority segment to forward the message to all neighbour vehicles, whereas it also uses implicit acknowledgements for guaranteed message delivery during sparse traffic Conditions. Simulation results show that DDP4V protocol outperforms the other existing related protocols in terms of coverage, network overhead, collision, and end-to-end delay.
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Krithika, S. "Human Resource Practices In The Organised Retail Sectors." International Review of Business and Economics 4, no. 2 (2020): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.34.
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Indian organized retail market is growing at a fast pace due to the boom in the India retail industry. In 2005, the retail industry in India amounted to Rs 10,000 billion accounting for about 10% to the country’s GDP. The organized retail market in India out of this total market accounted for Rs 350 billion which is about 3.5% of the total revenues. Traditionally the retail industry in India was largely unorganized, comprising of drug stores, medium, and small grocery stores. Most of the organized retailing in India have started recently and is concentrating mainly in metropolitan cities. The growth in the Indian organized retail market is mainly due to the change in the consumer’s behavior. This change has come in the consumer due to increased income, changing lifestyles, and patterns of demography which are favorable. Now the consumer wants to shop at a place where he can get food, entertainment, and shopping all under one roof. This has given Indian organized retail market a major boost. Retail market in the organized sector in India is growing can be seen from the fact that 1500 supermarkets, 325 departmental stores, and 300 new malls are being built. Many Indian companies are entering the Indian retail market which is giving Indian organized retail market a boost. One such company is the Reliance Industries Limited. It plans to invest US$6billionintheIndianretailmarket by opening 1000 hypermarkets and 1500 supermarkets. Pantaloons are another Indian company which plans to increase its retail space to 30 million square feet with an investment of US$ 1 billion. Bharti Telecoms an Indian company is in talks with Tesco a global giant for a £ 750 million joint venture. A number of global retail giants such as Walmart, Carrefour, and Metro AG are also planning to set up shop in India. Indian organized retail market will definitely grow as a result of all this investments. Indian organized retail market is increasing and for this growth to continue the Indian retailers as well as government must make a combined effort. The Indian retail industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fast-paced industries due to the entry of several new players. Total consumption expenditure is expected to reach nearly US$ 3,600 billion by 2020 from US$ 1,824 billion in 2017. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world’s fifth-largest global destination in the retail space. India’s retail market is expected to increase by 60 per cent to reach US$ 1.1 trillion by 2020, on the back of factors like rising incomes and lifestyle changes by middle class and increased digital connectivity. Online retail sales are forecasted to grow at the rate of 31 per cent year-on-year to reach US$ 32.70 billion in 2018. Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. India has highest number of outlets per person (7 per thousand) Indian retail space per capita at 2 sq ft (0.19 m2)/ person is lowest in the world Indian retail density of 6 percent is highest in the world. 1.8 million Households in India have an annual income of over 4.5 million (US$62,615.70). While India presents a large market opportunity given the number and increasing purchasing power of consumers, there are significant challenges as well given that over90%oftradeisconductedthrough independent local stores. Challenges include: Geographically dispersed population, small ticket sizes, complex distribution network, and little use of IT systems, limitations of mass media and existence of counterfeit goods. India is expected to become the world’s fastest growing e-commerce market, driven by robust investment in the sector and rapid increase in the number of internet users. Various agencies have high expectations about growth of Indian e-commerce markets. Luxury market of India is expectedtogrowtoUS$30billionby the end of 2018 from US$ 23.8 billion 2017 supported by growing exposure of international brands amongst Indian youth and higher purchasing power of the upper class in tier 2 and 3 cities, according to Assoc ham. The Indian retail trading has received Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) equity inflows totaling US$ 1.42 billion during April 2000–June 2018, according to the Department of Industrial Policies and Promotion (DIPP). With the rising need for consumer goods in different sectors including consumer electronics and home appliances, many companies have invested in the Indian retail space in the past few months. Beckons, a South Korean designer brand is set to enter the Indian market with an investment of about Rs 1.00 billion (US$ 14.25 million) and open 50 stores by June 2019. Wal-Mart Investments Cooperative U.A has invested Rs 2.75 billion (US$ 37.68 million) in Wal-Mart India Pvt Ltd. The Government of India has taken various initiatives to improve the retail industry in India. The Government of India may change the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rules in food processing, in a bid to permit e-commerce companies and foreign retailers to sell Made in India consumer products. Government of India has allowed 100 per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in online retail of goods and services through the automatic route, thereby providing clarity on the existing businesses of e-commerce companies operating in India. E-commerce is expanding steadily in the country. Customers have the ever increasing choice of products at the lowest rates. E-commerce is probably creating the biggest revolution in the retail industry, and this trend would continue in the years to come. India’s e-commerce industry is forecasted to reach US$ 53 billion by 2018. Retailers should leverage the digital retail channels (e-commerce), which would enable them to spend less money on real estate while reaching out to more customers in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. It is projected that by 2021 traditional retail will hold a major share of 75 per cent, organized retail share will reach 18 per cent and e-commerce retail share will reach 7 per cent of the total retail market. Nevertheless, the long- term outlook for the industry is positive, supported by rising incomes, favorable demographics, entry of foreign players, and increasing urbanization.
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Gbigbidje, David Lawson, Mary Onwordi Temishi, and Gladys Ejiro Asoro. "AfCFTA and Trade Facilitation in ECOWAS Borderless Region: Challenges and Prospects." Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n18599.
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This paper seeks to examine the establishment and ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA) as an endeavour on the part of the African Union to promote intra-African trade. The African socioeconomic development and industrial competitiveness is anticipated to increase as a result of the AfCFTA. The agreement is expected to link 1.3 billion people in 55 nations, with a $3.4 trillion global GDP. By 2035, it is projected to be able to save 30 million people from abject poverty. The AfCFTA will result in a significant liberalization of trade in products and services within Africa, making it simpler for business people to conduct international business and lowering trade costs. However, there are concerns that putting the agreement into practice successfully in a continent with limited capacity, uncompetitive industries, and reliable infrastructure will be difficult. The research relies on the secondary sources of data collection, which include the use of such materials as textbooks, journals, newspapers, magazines and internet sources. The paper analyses the political- economic dynamics and argues that the success of AfCFTA will be greatly influenced by a number of variables, including member states level of commitment, the availability of cutting-edge technology, technical capacity, and essential infrastructure, the transparency and accountability of processes, and how infractions and complaints are resolved.
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Jay Bourgeois III, L., Adam Ganz, Andrew Gonce, and Keith Nedell. "Profitability of industries and firms over time." Journal of Strategy and Management 7, no. 3 (August 12, 2014): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-04-2014-0027.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to further the knowledge of how industries perform, and sheds light on how the relative positions of industry change over time. Design/methodology/approach – Using rank-order listings, histograms, and linear regressions, the comparisons of firms in the Fortune 1000 yield four results, two that are confirmatory, and two that are new. Findings – As expected, industries differ widely in performance, regardless of the financial metric used, and there is a dramatic difference between within-industry variance (high) and between-industry variance (low). In fact, high-performing firms in less profitable industries often outperform low-performing firms in more profitable industries. Contrary to previous research, the paper shows that industries shift relative position over time: the industries with the highest return on equity in one year often are not the highest in subsequent years; and, contrary to IO theory, the paper finds that concentration is not a reliable predictor of profitability. Although certain industries may show increased profitability after undergoing concentration, there is no consistent relationship between an industry's concentration ratio and that industry's average profitability. Research limitations/implications – While the research is limited to its use of visual (such as histogram) and qualitative (such as rank-order) observations of only large (Fortune 1000) US-based, public firms, the results suggest that researchers should decompose the elements of industry structure and firm strategies to understand what, specifically, contributes to variation in firm performance. Practical implications – For executives, the research confirms that the quality of their business strategies is more important than the initial choice of industries within which they choose to compete. Simply competing in an industry with high average profitability does not guarantee success. Originality/value – This research shows how industries vary significantly in relative profit rankings over time, a finding that differs from prior research where time coefficients are found to be small. In addition, the research challenges the traditional IO notion that industry concentration leads to superior performance.
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Shih, Dong-Her, Ting-Wei Wu, Ming-Hung Shih, Guan-Wei Chen, and David C. Yen. "Hyperledger Fabric Access Control for Industrial Internet of Things." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063125.
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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) plays an important role in Industry 4.0, but the existing IIoT systems could be vulnerable to a single point of failure and malicious attacks, failing to provide reliable services. IIoT devices have some particularities, such as mobility, limited performance, and distributed deployment, which are challenging to traditional centralized access control methods in the large-scale IIoT environment. To resolve the challenges, we propose an access control system for the Industrial Internet of Things. The system contains three smart contracts: device contract (DC), policy contract (PC), and access contract (AC). The device contract provides a method of storing the URL of the resource data generated by the equipment and a query method. The policy contract provides the function of managing the attribute-based access control (ABAC) of the administrator user. The access contract is the core program that implements the access control method for ordinary users. Combining ABAC and blockchain technology provides decentralized, fine-grained, and dynamic access control management for IIoT.
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Grishunin, Sergei V., Elena Naumova, and Natalya Lukshina. "Dеvеlорmеnt of the horizon indех to еvаluаtе lоng-tеrmism of Russiаn non-finаnсiаl companies." Russian Management Journal 19, no. 4 (2022): 475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2021.405.
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Short-termism, the firm’s following strategic management practices for short-term, restricts investment in physical and intellectual capital. Investors and managers should identify and counteract such practices in a timely manner. However, existing academic and practical studies overlook problem of short-termism in emerging markets, lack reliable metrics of short-termism or consider only financial indicators in existing horizon metrics. In this paper, we closed some research gaps and constructed the relative horizon index which evaluated strategic focus of public non-financial companies from various industries. We also performed empirical study of horizon index on the sample of 50 Russian non-financial companies over 2014–2019. It revealed that the energy and utility segments in Russia have the largest share of long-term oriented companies, while the industrial, real estate and consumer goods segments have a significant share of short-term oriented companies. The former is explained by: the significant need for modernization in these sectors; developed corporate government systems of firms; limited incentives to accounting manipulations; and a diverse set of stakeholders. Conversely, the latter is underpinned by low levels of investments in comparison to depreciation of real estate, industrial and consumer goods companies. It is also driven by higher incentives for these companies to play with accounting ratios. We showed that the long-term strategic orientation of the firm is not immediately realized into stable positive economic profit patterns over time. However, there is strong and positive correlation between the firm’s decision to follow long-term strategic orientation and the value of multi-period growth in firms’ economic profit. The results can be used by investors, analysts and asset managers to screen the companies on the subject of their following long-term value creation principles and to compare the ability of the firms to sustain positive economic profit.
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Meng, Yifan, and Jingzhao Li. "Data Sharing Mechanism of Sensors and Actuators of Industrial IoT Based on Blockchain-Assisted Identity-Based Cryptography." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 6084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186084.
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The Industrial IoT is one of the key technologies to improve industrial production efficiency. The entire production process usually involves multiple production regions and numerous smart devices (sensors and actuators). The efficiency of the Industrial IoT is limited by this strong coupling relationship between the subsystem and the sensors and actuators. In this paper, to unleash the potential of Industrial IoT, a safe and reliable data sharing mechanism of sensors and actuators is proposed. We deployed distributed identity authentication and data proxy services in various regions. In the device authentication process, we used identity-based encryption algorithms, and we solved the trust problem between different regions by introducing a private blockchain. In addition, we designed the model of device capability (MDC) to describe the device, enabling it to be shared with a standard interface. Finally, we conducted many performance tests on the proposed mechanism. The test results verified the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed mechanism.
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Fan, Li Mei. "Resarch of Embedded Web Server in Manufacturing Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.524.
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Articles submitted Embedded Web Server based on Web management model in Manufacturing Engineering, the main solution is the use of a Web browser to access a large number of non-Inter net equipment under limited resources and processing power, control, and management and other issues. Enabling device networking and intelligent management, field programmable equipment online remote monitoring, management and maintenance functions can be achieved, providing reliable technology for the network intelligent management of industrial production automation systems and smart appliances, supported.
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Nirmal, Swati, and Tanu Rizvi. "A Review of Renewable Energy Systems for Industrial Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 1740–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46903.
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Abstract: Integrated renewable energy systems have numerous advantages and benefits compared to conventional energy systems, such as decentralized energy production, environmental impact reduction, and better energy security. Renewable energy systems can be classified under various categories: solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, and ocean. The integration of these renewable energy resources can bring sustainable solutions and multiple products. The case studies signify the potential integration options of renewable energy systems including energy storage. Non-conventional renewable energy sources and systems (RESS) including but not limited to biomass, biogas, geothermal etc are increasingly playing an important role for electric power distribution and storage. The idea is to develop a resilient energy infrastructure minimizing the cost of remote power and support green and sustainable development efforts. Smart Grids use digital technologies and IOT solutions to intelligently react and adapt to changes in the Grid. Siemens Accelerator for Grids portfolio is the key to exploit the data in the grid. This allows operators to make grid operation more flexible, cost-efficient, more reliable, maintainable, safer and therefore, feasible.
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Lawton, Thomas C., and Steven M. McGuire. "Adjusting to Liberalization: Tracing the Impact of the WTO on the European Textiles and Chemicals Industries." Business and Politics 7, no. 2 (August 2005): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1097.
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Rulings made by the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement body have, since the organization's creation in 1995, significantly advanced global economic liberalization. The response of business has been varied and far from uniformly supportive of the WTO agenda. The reason stems from the fact that adjusting to liberalization measures is easier in some industries than in others. The response is premised on the strategic alternatives available within an industry. Through examining antidumping (AD) elements of the European Union (EU) trade policy regime in the context of two European industries - chemicals and textiles - we find that both are under severe competitive pressure, due to WTO-induced market liberalization. However, the responses taken by companies within the respective industries are very different. We suggest that while WTO activity catalyzes industry evolution, the form of that adjustment is highly industry specific. In the case of textiles, the disaggregation of the industry value chain allows for a variety of product and locational adjustment strategies. In contrast, the chemicals industry is nationally based, reliant on intellectual property for competitive advantage and structurally limited in its ability to adopt a wide range of adjustment strategies. Therefore, in the absence of alternative strategy options, EU chemical companies lobby for rule harmonization in the WTO.
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Adams, Tristan K., Nqobile A. Masondo, Pholoso Malatsi, and Nokwanda P. Makunga. "Cannabis sativa: From Therapeutic Uses to Micropropagation and Beyond." Plants 10, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102078.
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The development of a protocol for the large-scale production of Cannabis and its variants with little to no somaclonal variation or disease for pharmaceutical and for other industrial use has been an emerging area of research. A limited number of protocols have been developed around the world, obtained through a detailed literature search using web-based database searches, e.g., Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar. This article reviews the advances made in relation to Cannabis tissue culture and micropropagation, such as explant choice and decontamination of explants, direct and indirect organogenesis, rooting, acclimatisation and a few aspects of genetic engineering. Since Cannabis micropropagation systems are fairly new fields, combinations of plant growth regulator experiments are needed to gain insight into the development of direct and indirect organogenesis protocols that are able to undergo the acclimation stage and maintain healthy plants desirable to the Cannabis industry. A post-culture analysis of Cannabis phytochemistry after the acclimatisation stage is lacking in a majority of the reviewed studies, and for in vitro propagation protocols to be accepted by the pharmaceutical industries, phytochemical and possibly pharmacological research need to be undertaken in order to ascertain the integrity of the generated plant material. It is rather difficult to obtain industrially acceptable micropropagation regimes as recalcitrance to the regeneration of in vitro cultured plants remains a major concern and this impedes progress in the application of genetic modification technologies and gene editing tools to be used routinely for the improvement of Cannabis genotypes that are used in various industries globally. In the future, with more reliable plant tissue culture-based propagation that generates true-to-type plants that have known genetic and metabolomic integrity, the use of genetic engineering systems including “omics” technologies such as next-generation sequencing and fast-evolving gene editing tools could be implemented to speed up the identification of novel genes and mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of Cannabis phytochemicals for large-scale production.
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Hu, Yang, Adriane Chapman, Guihua Wen, and Dame Wendy Hall. "What Can Knowledge Bring to Machine Learning?—A Survey of Low-shot Learning for Structured Data." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 13, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3510030.
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Supervised machine learning has several drawbacks that make it difficult to use in many situations. Drawbacks include heavy reliance on massive training data, limited generalizability, and poor expressiveness of high-level semantics. Low-shot Learning attempts to address these drawbacks. Low-shot learning allows the model to obtain good predictive power with very little or no training data, where structured knowledge plays a key role as a high-level semantic representation of human. This article will review the fundamental factors of low-shot learning technologies, with a focus on the operation of structured knowledge under different low-shot conditions. We also introduce other techniques relevant to low-shot learning. Finally, we point out the limitations of low-shot learning, the prospects and gaps of industrial applications, and future research directions.
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Hasanzadeh, Reyhaneh, Javad Sayyad Amin, Behrooz Abbasi Souraki, Omid Mohammadzadeh, and Sohrab Zendehboudi. "Reliable Tools to Forecast Sludge Settling Behavior: Empirical Modeling." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020963.
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In water- and wastewater-treatment processes, knowledge of sludge settlement behavior is a key requirement for proper design of a continuous clarifier or thickener. One of the most robust and practical tests to acquire information about rate of sedimentation is through execution of batch settling tests. In lieu of conducting a series of settling tests for various initial concentrations, it is promising and advantageous to develop simple predictive models to estimate the sludge settlement behavior for a wide range of operating conditions. These predictive mathematical model(s) also enhance the accuracy of outputs by eliminating measurement errors originated from graphical methods and visual observations. In the present study, two empirical models were proposed based on Vandermonde matrix (VM) characteristics as well as a Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm to predict temporal height of the supernatant–sludge interface. The novelty of our modeling approach is twofold: the proposed models in this study are more robust and simpler compared to other models in the literature, and the initial sludge concentration was considered as a key independent variable in addition to the more-customarily used settling time. The prediction performance of the VM-based model was better than the LM-based model considering the statistical parameters associated with the fitting of the experimental data including coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The values of R2, RMSE, and MAPE for the VM- and LM-based models were obtained at 0.997, 0.132, and 5.413% as well as 0.969, 0.107, and 6.433%, respectively. The proposed predictive models will be useful for determination of the sedimentation behavior at pilot- or industrial-scale applications of water treatment, when the experimental methods are not feasible, time is limited, or adequate laboratory infrastructure is not available.
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Wang, Xinuo. "Development of Methane Production and Storage Technology." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 3 (July 8, 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v3i.696.
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With the global transition to a sustainable low-carbon economy, methane production and capture technologies are two of the main low-carbon energy technologies, and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the efficient use of energy gases are the main challenges for both technologies. This paper reviews various ways of methane production and storage, such as electrolysis and methanation in production technology, treatment of organic waste water for methane production, microbial electrolysis, and anaerobic digestion of plants. Geological storage, surface tank storage and sorbent material storage are among the storage technologies. The results show that methane production at this stage exists mostly in the laboratory stage and there are few technologies that can support industrial methane production, electrolysis of methane and methanation still cannot be used in industrial production on a large scale due to cost, and anaerobic consumption of fauna has immature technology. In terms of methane storage, more reliance is still placed on surface tanks, and research on geological storage is still limited by the cost and volume per unit storage capacity and sorbent materials that are still in the exploratory stage. Geological storage, for example, is limited to seasonal and cyclical variations and does not allow for efficient long-term storage. In this paper, we have searched through a large body of literature in order to find better solutions to produce and store methane, and hopefully find technologies that are less harmful to the environment as they evolve.
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Rokonuzzaman, Mohammad, Shah Muhammad Ferdous, Enaiyat Ghani Ovy, and Md Ashraful Hoque. "Smooth Track-Keeping and Real Time Obstacle Detection Algorithm and its PID Controller Implementation for an Automated Wheeled Line Following Robot." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1966.
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Line following automated robots is extensively used in industries for smooth running of production. This paper presents a simple and effective solution for path tracking problem for a wheeled automated mobile robot which can be used for material handling in industries. A PID controller has been used for controlling the robot which is capable of moving safely by smooth track-keeping in partially structured environment without any collision with static or moving objects. The purpose of the project is to build a mobile robot which will provide fast, smooth, accurate and safe movement in any given line or track. A straight or wavy line would be simple to follow whereas aT-junction, 90 degree bends, acute angle bends and grid junctions would be difficult to navigate through. This is due to the physical kinematics constraints which are limited to motor response, position and turning radius of the robot. A line sensor configuration has been proposed to improve the navigation reliability of the mobile robot which uses differential drive system. A dynamic algorithm has been developed for detecting and following a specified line which ensures the reliable and safe movement of the robot.
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Alpay, YO, I. Uygur, and M. Kilincel. "On the optimum process parameters of infrared curing of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 6 (February 4, 2020): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119900711.
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Autoclave-cured carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are widely used in aerospace and aviation industries. However, they have a limited field in automotive or marine industries in which both the unit costs of the products and applicability to mass production are of primary concern. Therefore, out-of-autoclave (OoA) processed products having similar mechanical properties with autoclave cured ones have been extensively studied. In this study, infrared (IR) curing, an OoA curing method, was investigated. The aim of the study is to propose a reliable temperature control method for an IR CFRP curing oven. A methodology that provides the surface and through-thickness temperature distribution of IR cured epoxy matrix CFRP was introduced. Optimum ply number and the distance between the heat source and the material were determined. Material surface was separated into nine virtual regions and region-based thermal evaluations were made by means of the thermal camera images and thermocouple data. Temperature distribution through thickness was determined. When designing a robust IR thermoset CFRP curing process, one should consider the temperature distribution on the surface and through the thickness of the material.