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AMER, WAFAA M., and OSAMA A. MOMTAZ. "Historic background of Egyptian cotton (2600 BC–AD 1910)." Archives of Natural History 26, no. 2 (June 1999): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1999.26.2.211.
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The cotton plant was recorded from Egypt in the Dynastic period as early as 2500 BC. Cotton seeds were recovered from Nubia (Egypt) in 1964. Many writers and relief sculptures as well as hieroglyphic symbols confirm cotton cultivation during this period. Cotton cultivation dominated in the Ptolemaic and Roman period (305 BC-AD 395). There were two cotton species (Gossypium arboreum L. and Gossypium herbaceum L.) grown in Egypt during the Islamic period (AD 1477-AD 1711). Later Ashmouni cotton was derived from Sea Island cotton (G. barbadense L. var. maritima Watt); Jumel's cotton (G. brasiliense Macf.) and other Egyptian stocks (possibly G. arboreum and/or G. herbaceum var. africanum (Watt) Hutchinson & Ghose). Ashmouni cotton was the main ancestor of Egyptian cultivare after 1887.
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Moyer, Ian S. "Herodotus and an Egyptian mirage: the genealogies of the Theban priests." Journal of Hellenic Studies 122 (November 2002): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3246205.
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AbstractThis article re-evaluates the significance attributed to Hecataeus' encounter with the Theban priests described by Herodotus (2.143) by setting it against the evidence of Late Period Egyptian representations of the past. In the first part a critique is offered of various approaches Classicists have taken to this episode and its impact on Greek historiography. Classicists have generally imagined this as an encounter in which the young, dynamic and creative Greeks construct an image of the static, ossified and incredibly old culture of the Egyptians, a move which reveals deeper assumptions in the scholarly discourse on Greeks and ‘other’ cultures in the Mediterranean world. But the civilization that Herodotus confronted in his long excursus on Egypt was not an abstract, eternal Egypt. Rather, it was the Egypt of his own day, at a specific historical moment – a culture with a particular understanding of its own long history. The second part presents evidence of lengthy Late Period priestly genealogies, and more general archaizing tendencies. Remarkable examples survive of the sort of visual genealogy which would have impressed upon the travelling Greek historians the long continuum of the Egyptian past. These include statues with genealogical inscriptions and relief sculptures representing generations of priests succeeding to their fathers' office. These priestly evocations of a present firmly anchored in the Egyptian past are part of a wider pattern of cultivating links with the historical past in the Late Period of Egyptian history. Thus, it is not simply the marvel of a massive expanse of time which Herodotus encountered in Egypt, but a mediated cultural awareness of that time. The third part of the essay argues that Herodotus used this long human past presented by the Egyptian priests in order to criticize genealogical and mythical representations of the past and develop the notion of an historical past. On the basis of this example, the article concludes by urging a reconsideration of the scholarly paradigm for imagining the encounter between Greeks and ‘others’ in ethnographic discourse in order to recognize the agency of the Egyptian priests, and other non-Greek ‘informants’.
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Tulić, Damir. "Spomenik ninskom biskupu Francescu Grassiju u Chioggi: prilog najranijoj aktivnosti venecijanskog kipara Paola Callala." Ars Adriatica, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.507.
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The oeuvre of the sculptor Paolo Callalo (Venice 1655-1725) is a paradigmatic example of how the oeuvres of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Venetian sculptors have been expanded, supplemented and revised during the last twenty years. Until Simone Guerriero’s ground-breaking article of 1997, Paolo Callalo was almost completely unknown. In his search for Callalo’s earliest preserved work, Simone Guerriero suggested that Callalo was responsible for the stipes of the altar of St Joseph, featuring the relief of the Flight into Egypt flanked by two putti which are almost free standing, which was made between 1679 and 1685 for San Giovanni Crisostomo at Venice. However, another significant sculpture can now be added to the catalogue of Callalo’s early works: a memorial monument to the Bishop of Nin Francesco Grassi (Chioggia, 3 October 1667 – Zadar, 29 January 1677) which is located on the left presbytery wall in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta at Chioggia. As we learn from its commemorative inscription, the monument was commissioned by Paolo Grassi, the nephew of the deceased who was a prominent member of this aristocratic family from Chioggia. The Grassi (de Grassi) family produced as many as three bishops of Chioggia: Pasquale (1618-1639), Francesco (1639 -1669) and Antonio (1696-1715) who was a brother of Francesco, the Bishop of Nin, and a great-nephew of the first two. The monumental memorial to the Bishop of Nin Francesco Grassi in the presbytery of Chioggia Cathedral consists of a rectangular marble plaque topped with a semi-circular pediment with two reclining putti. Immediately below, two more putti are depicted flying and drawing a curtain in front of an oval niche containing the bishop’s bust, the commemorative inscription and the bishop’s coat of arms set in a wreath. All the elements of this excellent work point to Paolo Callalo’s hand. The bishop’s bust was most probably created posthumously by relying on one of the portraits of the bishop as a source model. It depicts him as having a somewhat square face with a lively mouth opened in a melodramatic way and as having probing eyes with emphasized pupils, all of which characterize Callalo’s sculpting technique. A direct parallel for such a physiognomy can be found in the 1686 sculpture of St Michael in San Michele in Isola at Venice. Two remarkably beautiful and skilfully modelled putti which are drawing the curtain can be connected to the putti on the stipes of the altar of St Joseph in San Giovanni Crisostomo at Venice, but also with a putto on the keystone of a niche on the 1684 altar of St Teresa in the Church of the Scalzi. The richly draped marble curtain being drawn by the two flying putti is an example of Callalo’s thorough knowledge of contemporary sculptural innovations and trends in Venice. He could have seen a similar curtain on the 1677 monument to Giorgio Morosini in San Clemente in Isola at Venice, which belongs to the oeuvre of Giusto Le Court, the most important Venetian sculptor of the second half of the seventeenth century. That Callalo was no stranger to this type of decoration is also demonstrated by one of his later works, now sadly lost, the contract for which set out the terms for the sculptural decoration of the high altar in the old Venetian church of La Pietà. In 1692 Callalo agreed to make for this high altar ‘a curtain out of yellow marble of Verona being held by putti’.The stylistic analysis of the memorial to the Bishop of Nin Francesco Grassi indicates that it was erected in a relatively short period of time after the bishop’s death in 1677. It seems highly likely that it was made in the early 1680s or around 1686 at the latest because in that year Callalo made the statue of St Michael in San Michele in Isola. The memorial to the Bishop of Nin Francesco Grassi in Chioggia Cathedral is the first monument on the left-hand side of presbytery wall which would in time become a ‘mausoleum’ of the Grassi family. Around the same time or perhaps somewhat later, the Bishop of Chioggia by the name Francesco Grassi was honoured posthumously with a memorial containing a bust portrait that can be attributed to Giuseppe Torretti (Pagnano, 1664 – Venice, 1743). This group of episcopal memorials in the presbytery of Chioggia Cathedral ends with 1715 when Alvise Tagliapietra (Venice, 1680 – 1747) made the tomb for Bishop Antonio Grassi while he was still alive.Callalo’s Dalmatian oeuvre is relatively modest and consists of the following works so far identified as his: two marble angels set next to the high altar in the Parish Church at Vodice and four music-making putti at the sides of the high altar as well as those on a side altar in the Parish Church at Sutivan on the island of Brač. However, Callalo’s hand can also be recognized in a statue from a large-scale sculptural group which adorned the altar of the Blessed Sacrament in Zadar Cathedral. The altar structure was built by Antonio Viviani in 1719 while Francesco Cabianca (Venice, 1666-1737) carved the majority of the altar’s rich sculptural decoration. At the centre of the altar is a niche with a relatively small marble statue of Our Lady of Sorrows with the dead Christ in her lap. It is difficult to find a place for this marble Pietà from Zadar in Francesco Cabianca’s catalogue especially with regard to his Pietà above a door in the cloister of the Frari Church at Venice in 1714. Compared to the Zadar Pietà, Cabianca’s Venetian Pietà displays a number of differences: a crisper chiselling technique, a certain roughness of workmanship, robust bodies as well as a different treatment of the figures’ physiognomies and drapery. However, the Pietà from Zadar can be added to the catalogue of Paolo Callalo’s works. The carefully modelled figure of Our Lady of Sorrows and the soft drapery which spreads outwards in a radial fashion around her feet can be compared to the statues of Faith and Hope on the altar of the Blessed Sacrament in Udine Cathedral, which was made after 1720. The statue of the Risen Christ on the tabernacle of the aforementioned altar from Udine provides a parallel for the modelling of Christ’s body and, in particular, his face with a restrained expression. The same can be said for the Risen Christ on the tabernacle of the Parish Church at Clauzetto, which I also attribute to Callalo, as well as for earlier, more monumental, examples such as the Christ from the 1708 altar of the Transfiguration in the Parish Church at Labin.Callalo’s memorial to the Bishop of Nin Francesco Grassi in Chioggia is an important indicator of his personal stylistic development. He transformed his stylistic expression from the robust energy of this ‘youthful work’ at Chioggia to the lyrical poetics characterized by softness which can be seen in his late work, the Pietà on the altar of the Blessed Sacrament in the Cathedral of St Anastasia at Zadar. It is likely that future research in Venice, Dalmatia and the rest of the Adriatic coast will expand Paolo Callalo’s already rich oeuvre and confirm the important place he holds in Venetian sculpture as one of its protagonists during the late Seicento and early Settecento.
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Giménez, Javier. "Integration of Foreigners in Egypt." Journal of Egyptian History 10, no. 2 (November 17, 2017): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340036.
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Abstract The relief of Amenhotep ii shooting arrows at a copper ingot target has often been considered as propaganda of the king’s extraordinary strength and vigour. However, this work proposes that the scene took on additional layers of significance and had different ritual functions such as regenerating the health of the king, and ensuring the eternal victory of Egypt over foreign enemies and the victory of order over chaos. Amenhotep ii was shooting arrows at an “Asiatic” ox-hide ingot because the ingot would symbolize the northern enemies of Egypt. The scene belonged to a group of representations carved during the New Kingdom on temples that showed the general image of the king defeating enemies. Moreover, it was linked to scenes painted in private tombs where goods were brought to the deceased, and to offering scenes carved on the walls of Theban temples. The full sequence of scenes would describe, and ritually promote, the process of integration of the foreign element into the Egyptian sphere.
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Mastrocinque, Attilio. "The Cilician God Sandas and the Greek Chimaera: Features of Near Eastern and Greek Mythology Concerning the Plague." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 7, no. 2 (2007): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921207783876413.
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AbstractA gem in the Museum of Castelvecchio (Verona) depicts the god Sandas of Tarsos with his terrible animal: the lion-goat. On the reverse side there is the inscription YOYO. The epigraphical and archaeological evidence from Anatolia, from Hittite to Hellenistic times, proves that Sandas was a underworld god protecting tombs and sending pestilences when angry. He was appeased by offerings to his terrible ministers, who were usually seven. Similarly Nergal or Erra (similar to Sandas) in Mesopotamia, and Sekhmet in Egypt had seven animal-headed terrible ministers, who were able to bring pestilences and death. A Hittite inscription mentions Yaya as Sandas' female partner. Her name is very similar to the Yoyo on the Verona gem. Sandas was identified with Heracles because of his relations with the underworld realms and his warlike features. The lion-goat of Tarsus was the model of Greek Chimaera. In fact the myth of Bellerophon took its place in Lycia and Cilicia. In Hellenistic age the original form of this monster was better known and therefore we find its typical features in Hellenistic and Roman sculptures and reliefs.
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AbdelFattah Saad, AbdelBaset Ali. "Two unpublished terracotta oil lamps from Marina el-Alamein in Egypt." Ancient lamps from Spain to India. Trade, influences, local traditions, no. 28.1 (December 30, 2019): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam28.1.25.
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The two complete terracotta oil lamps published in this paper come from salvage excavations by an Egyptian team clearing House 21 in the ancient Graeco-Roman harbor of Marina el-Alamein on the northern coast of Egypt. Both are of Alexandrian manufacture, one of the two being an imitation of an Italic relief lamp. One is decorated with a representation of Sarapis enthroned, the other with a scene of roosters fighting. Both are from the 2nd–3rd century and reflect the Alexandrian cultural tradition in the life of this ancient town.
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Bialas, Adam J., Jacek Kaczmarski, Jozef Kozak, and Bogumila Kempinska-Miroslawska. "Pectus excavatum in relief from Ancient Egypt (dating back to circa 2400 BC)." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 20, no. 4 (January 6, 2015): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivu440.
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Tealeb, A., A. H. Radwan, and H. A. Ahmed. "Basement relief map of kalabsha and seiyal areas, northwest of Aswan lake, Egypt." Journal of Geodynamics 14, no. 1-4 (January 1991): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(91)90016-8.
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Tolan, John. "The Friar and the Sultan: Francis of Assisi’s Mission to Egypt." European Review 16, no. 1 (February 2008): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798708000124.
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In September, 1219, Francis of Assisi went to Egypt to preach to Sultan al-Malik al-Kâmil. Although we in fact know very little about this event, writers from the 13th century to the 20th have portrayed Francis alternatively as a new apostle preaching to the infidels, a scholastic theologian proving the truth of Christianity, a champion of the crusading ideal, a naive and quixotic wanderer, a crazed religious fanatic, or a medieval Gandhi preaching peace, love and understanding. This study of the varying depictions of this lapidary encounter throws into relief the changing fears and hopes that Muslim–Christian encounters have inspired in European writers over eight centuries.
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Mousa, Ola, Amal Ahmed Abdelhafez, Ahmed R. Abdelraheim, Ayman M. Yousef, Ahmed A. Ghaney, and Saad El Gelany. "Perceptions and Practice of Labor Pain-Relief Methods among Health Professionals Conducting Delivery in Minia Maternity Units in Egypt." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2018 (September 26, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3060953.
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Introduction. In low-resource settings (LRSs), pain relief during labor is often neglected. Women and health professionals (HPs) may lack awareness of analgesic options, may not accept these options, or may have concerns regarding their safety. Furthermore, even if women or HPs preferred labor analgesia, options may not be available at the hospital. This study was carried out to explore how HPs perceive and practice pain management during labor in Minia maternity units in Egypt. Methods. A structured, self-administered questionnaire from 306 HPs in Minia maternity units from August 1, 2016, to August 30, 2017, after approval by the organizational Ethical Review Committee. Results. The response rate was 76.5%. The majority, 78.2% of participants, believed in pain relief during labor. However, their practices are different. In the first stage of labor, almost 44.9% used nonpharmacological methods, whereas 36.8% used neither pharmacological nor nonpharmacological methods. Hospital-related factors were the major barriers against using pain-relief methods, as stated by HPs. Conclusion. Although most HPs understand the role of analgesia in labor pain relief, there is a wide gap between the use of pain-relief methods and women’s need in Minia, Egypt; HPs claim this is due to health care facilities. There is an urgent need to identify the barriers against and raise the awareness among the community and HPs of the need to use pain-relief methods as part of improving the quality of care during labor.
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Graham, Ian. "Homeless hieroglyphs." Antiquity 62, no. 234 (March 1988): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00073609.
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Recently, more than ever, Mesoamericanists have had reason to share in the regret felt by Egyptologists at one aspect of the history of antiquities-looting in Egypt - one clearly tinged with tragic irony. For, as Brian Fagan (1975: 11, 261) and others have pointed out, attempts to remove sculpture from ancient Egyptian sites on a large scale began only in the 1820s, and that was just the period when Champollion was achieving his basic decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. Since the coveted basrelief sculptures usually had to be prised from their settings by using chisels and crowbars, any associated hieroglyphic inscriptions tended to end up in smithereens. Champollion himself, as he travelled through Egypt seeking and transcribing texts, became appalled at the destruction, yet more than half a century would pass before collectors and museums came to recognize the damage they were causing through their purchases.
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Lo Cascio, Pietro, and Flavia Grita. "A new species of Smicromyrme from Israel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 46, no. 1-2 (October 31, 2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2014.76.
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<em>Smicromyrme bartolozzii</em> sp. n. is described from a female specimen collected in a coastal desert of Israel. The new species is similar to <em>S.</em> <em>ellipsifera</em> (Gribodo, 1884), known for some localities of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Egypt and Djibouti. Sculpture of the pygidial plate, punctuation of the head and some morphological features of mesosoma are the main differential characters between both species.
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Lofty, Morad F., and Omran E. Frihy. "Temporal relief deformation of the western inner continental shelf off the Nile delta, Egypt." GeoJournal 35, no. 4 (April 1995): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00824361.
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Stevenson, Alice. "Artefacts of excavation." Journal of the History of Collections 26, no. 1 (August 23, 2013): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fht017.
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Abstract This paper explores the collection of artefacts from British excavations in Egypt and their dispersal to institutions across the world between 1880 and 1915. The scope, scale and complexity of these distributions is reviewed with a view to highlighting the complex, symbiotic relationship between British organizations that mounted such excavations on the one hand and museums on the other, and also to providing a basis from which to argue that both field and museum collecting practices were enmeshed within the same processes of ‘artefaction’. These shared processes together created a new form of museum object, here referred to as the ‘excavated artefact’. It is further suggested that the collection of artefacts for museums was one of the primary motivating factors in the establishment of a scientific archaeology in Egypt. Case-studies of the activities of the Egypt Exploration Fund and Flinders Petrie’s work are presented in order to throw these arguments into relief. An online Appendix tabulates the original distribution of objects from eef excavations to other institutions.
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Saffaie, Waleed Mohamed. "The Inscribed Metal Pots in the West of the Arab Gulf (Mleiha and Al- Fueda), Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt: A Comparative Study." Asian Social Science 14, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n10p102.
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The current study seeks to analyze some themes and ornaments that appeared on metal pots in the west of Arab Gulf (Mleiha in the United Arab Emirates and Al- Fueda in the Sultana of Oman). The study also makes a comparison between the metal pots of previous regions and their counterparts in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The Arab Gulf is of great importance because it represents an important center for commercial convoys and associates with ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt and other civilizations. The Arab Gulf produced a varied and splendid art with artistic output. On the other hand, Mesopotamia transferred the ancient Egyptian artistic influences to the Arab Gulf. The study highlights the two regions of Mlieha and Al- Fueda in the west of the Arab Gulf, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Also, it shows the artistic influences on these pots. To describe and analyze such metal pots, the study adopts the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher has faced several difficulties, which are: 1) Finding a few of inscribed metal pots led to the difficulty of the local comparison where some sites did not reveal a rich metal product. 2) The scarcity of references and books specialized in metal arts in the Arab library. 3) Numerous metal sculpture works have been lost due to re- using and re- shaping these metals again. The study has reached many conclusions, the most important of which are: 1) The pots and plates were decorated with splendid inscriptions and ornaments, and their themes were quoted from neighboring countries. 2) The Study has noted that some metal inscriptions represented the pure local environment of the art at the time. Also, some of them were affected by the arts of neighboring civilizations in Mesopotamia, Syria and ancient Egypt.
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Szpakowska, Kasia. "Book Review: Faces in Clay: Technique, Imagery, and Allusion in a Corpus of Ceramic Sculpture from Ancient Egypt." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 93, no. 1 (January 2007): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751330709300128.
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Karlova, K. F. "Restoration of Ramesside royal ideology in Greco-Roman Egypt: interpretation of the relief from Hibis temple." Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology, no. 25 (2021): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/ielcp230690152534.
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El-Kholy, M. A., Kasem W.T., and Mabrouk A.S. "TAXONOMIC EVALUATION USING POLLEN GRAIN SCULPTURE AND SEED COAT CHARACTERS OF 11 TAXA OF GENUS HIBISCUS (MALVACEAE) IN EGYPT." Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajs.2011.14637.
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El-Kholy, M. A., W. T. Kasem, and A. S. Mabrouk. "Taxonomic evaluation using pollen grain sculpture and seed coat characters of 11 taxa of genus Hibiscus (Malvaceae) in Egypt." Annals of Agricultural Sciences 56, no. 1 (June 2011): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2011.05.006.
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Griffin, Kenneth. "Two relief fragments from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari in the Egypt Centre, Swansea." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3242.
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During a student handling session at the Egypt Centre, Swansea University, two relief fragments from Hatshepsut’s temple at Deir el-Bahari were identified. Both fragments had been cut from the walls of the temple, most likely in the late 19th century, before arriving in Swansea via the Wellcome collection in 1971. One fragment contains two columns of text (W351b) while the second depicts the head of a figure (W1376). This paper examines these two fragments, identifying the head of the figure as Hatshepsut’s daughter, the God’s Wife of Amun Neferure.
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Amin, Dalia M., and Ahmed M. El Teliti. "Pethidine versus morphine in postoperative pain relief of opioid-dependent patients in Zagazig University Hospital, Asharqia, Egypt." Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 34, no. 10 (August 7, 2018): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40267-018-0543-x.
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Al-Rifai, Nada Yousuf. "Exile and homesickness in the poetry of Ahmad Shawqi." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 425–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9741.
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Ahmad Shawqi was raised in the royal palace, where his maternal grandmother – who sponsored him after the death of his mother – was a favoured maid at Khedive Ismail. Shawqi studied law in Egypt and Paris, and when he returned to Egypt, he became poet Laurette for Khedive Abbas Helmy II. Although Shawqi was brought up in the royal palace, as a poet, he felt the pulse of the Egyptian people and felt their pain and dreams. After the First World War broke out, in 1915, Shawqi was exiled to Spain where he was swept away by longing for his homeland. During his exile, the 1919 revolution erupted in Egypt, and his longing for his homeland intensified, and obsessed his heart and soul. Exile was the greatest ordeal that Shawqi went through in his life. In exile, he did not find relief except when resorting to his poetry, to which he revealed the pains of his heart. He also visited the memorials of the Muslims and their reign and civilization in Seville, Cordoba, and Granada. This resulted in Shawqi composing his lengthy poem “Arab countries and the greats of Islam”. Shawqi’s poems are considered masterpieces for their sincerity of emotion and beauty of description. Perhaps the most famous of these is The Seeniya; rhyming with the letter S, entitled “The Journey to Andalusia”, and his other longing poem, “The Nouniya; rhyming with the letter N”, in which he opposed the famous medieval Arab Andalusian poet, Ibn Zaidoun.
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Salem, Ahmed, Chris Green, Derek Fairhead, and Essam Aboud. "Mapping basement relief of Abu Gharadig Basin, Western Desert of Egypt using 3D inversion of pseudo-gravity data." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2012, no. 1 (December 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2012ab385.
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Sharafeldin, Sharafeldin M., Khalid S. Essa, Mohamed A. S. Youssef, Hakan Karsli, Zein E. Diab, and Nilgun Sayil. "Shallow geophysical techniques to investigate the groundwater table at the Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-29-2019.
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Abstract. The near-surface groundwater aquifer that threatened the Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt, was investigated using integrated geophysical surveys. A total of 10 electrical resistivity imaging, 26 shallow seismic refraction, and 19 ground-penetrating radar surveys were conducted in the Giza Plateau. Collected data for each method were evaluated by state-of-the art processing and modeling techniques. A three-layer model depicts the subsurface layers and better delineates the groundwater aquifer and water table elevation. The resistivity of the aquifer layer and seismic velocity vary between 40 and 80 Ωm and between 1500 and 2500 m s−1, respectively. The average water table elevation is about +15 m, which is safe for the Great Sphinx, but it is still subjected to potential hazards from the Nazlet El-Samman suburb where the water table elevation reaches 17 m. A shallower water table at the Valley Temple and the tomb of Queen Khentkawes, with a low topographic relief, represents severe hazards. It can be concluded that a perched groundwater table is detected in the elevated topography to the west and southwest that might be due to runoff and capillary seepage.
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Sayigh, Yezid. "Agencies of Coercion: Armies and Internal Security Forces." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 3 (July 26, 2011): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000572.
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The readiness of army commanders in Egypt and Tunisia to counter the internal security agencies deployed by their own governments against civilian protestors in early 2011 proved decisive in bringing down presidents-for-life Husni Mubarak and Zayn al-ʿAbidin bin ʿAli. This brings into sharp relief questions about how to approach and assess the various coercive agencies of the state. Should we regard them as different branches of a single coercive apparatus, through which the state seeks to exercise a monopoly on the legitimate means of violence? Or should we see them as manifestations of more fragmented political institutions and social forces and consequently as performing distinct, and potentially divergent, functions in constantly evolving relation to each other?
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Syan,, Shadia, Marzoka Gadallah, and Amany Ali. "Efficacy of Distraction on Pain Relief during Lumber Puncture in Children with Leukemia at South Egypt Cancer Institute-Assiut University." Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal 2, no. 3.0 (June 1, 2014): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asnj.2014.191981.
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El-Khalafy, Mohamed M. "Authentication, Micromorphology and Ultrastructure of Pollen Grains and Seeds of Endemic Taxa in Saint Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 26, no. 02 (August 1, 2021): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1844.
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The endemic taxa were restricted to a specific geographic region and they are essential for setting conservation priorities. This study aimed to update the endemic taxa list in Saint Katherine Protectorate (SKP) depending on literature reviews, field trips and herbaria consultation. Other characters also recorded viz, sex forms, dispersal types and flowering time. Also, the morphological characters of the pollen grains and seeds were examined and photographed using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the mineral composition of pollens and seeds was detected using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The updated list included 13 taxa belonging to 11 genera and 8 families. All the recorded taxa were bisexual; ballochores were the most represented dispersal type. There was a gradual increase in the endemic taxa from March to August while decreasing from October to February. Pollens were isopolar and medium in size. They possessed colpate, colporate, or porate aperatus, as well as reticulate exine sculpture. Furthermore, operculum and margo were absent in most of the pollens. The seed colour ranged from light brown to black; elliptic; basal hilum; polygonal and irregular-shaped seeds were the most represented. All previous characters were diagnosed at generic and specific levels, which helped in the construction of artificial keys to facilitate the differentiation between the studied taxa. The present study has the priority in describing pollens and seeds of Astragalus fresenii and Micromeria serbaliana, in addition to the description of the seeds of Ballota kaiseri. The presence and percentage of twelve elements detected by EDX differed significantly within the investigated pollen grains and seeds. The present data indicated that pollen grains and seeds of studied taxa had high percentages of carbon, oxygen, phosphorous, magnesium, nitrogen and calcium. This study is the first attempt using EDX technique with these taxa. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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MacCallan, Michael. "Arthur Ferguson MacCallan CBE, MD, FRCS (1872–1955), trachoma pioneer and the ophthalmic campaign in Egypt 1903–1923." Journal of Medical Biography 26, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772016643540.
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Arthur Ferguson MacCallan was an ophthalmic surgeon who undertook his pioneering work in Egypt between 1903 and 1923. He established the Egyptian ophthalmic infrastructure which, on his departure, consisted of 23 operational hospital units, treating 134,000 new patients, having trained some 100 ophthalmic surgeons. He also established the Memorial Ophthalmic Laboratory at Giza which is still operational today. MacCallan became a world authority on trachoma. He pioneered the ‘MacCallan Classification’ which was the first grading system to standardise the stages of trachoma. He used this grading internally from 1905, continuing his research into trachoma over the ensuing years. In 1952, the WHO adopted the ‘MacCallan Classification’ as its standard. There has recently been a revival of interest in MacCallan’s work. First, the International Coalition for Trachoma Control (ICTC) inaugurated the ‘ICTC MacCallan Medal’ in 2014 as a contribution towards achieving the WHO’s target date for the Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma (‘GET 2020’). Second, MacCallan’s work with the military hospitals has been recognised by Moorfields Eye Hospital on their World War I Commemorative History Board. Thus, MacCallan’s pioneering spirit, his humanitarian campaign for the relief of suffering and his accomplishments of over a century ago continue to resonate with the profession today.
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Malykh, Svetlana E., and Olga A. Vasilyeva. "HARPOCRATES WITH ROYAL ATTRIBUTES AND HARPOCRATES-EROS: EGYPTIAN TERRACOTTA FIGURINES FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE PUSHKIN STATE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, MOSCOW." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (14) (2020): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-55-69.
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This article introduces five terracotta figurines acquired in Egypt by Vladimir S. Golenishchev and N. G. Ter-Mikaelyan and currently preserved at the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Three statuettes depict the child god Harpocrates with the attributes of royal power; two figurines demonstrate the identification of Harpocrates with the Greek god Eros. Most of the objects can be dated mainly to the Roman times, one is to be dated to the late Ptolemaic period. The places of finding or manufacturing of figurines are mostly unknown; however, according to a number of specific features, these could be towns of the Fayum Oasis, the Delta, and in one case — probably, Edfu. Terracotta figurines of Harpocrates with royal regalia are rare, especially in comparison with the wide-spread occurrence of terracottaе with Harpocrates holding a pot or cornucopia; all these data bring his functions as patron of fertility and defender of health to the fore. The presence of royal attributes seems to be a kind of secondary, partly decorative elements that only enhance the most popular aspects of terracotta images of Harpocrates. The type of figurines depicting Harpocrates sitting on a throne with the crown of the god Amun reproduces the iconography of small bronze sculpture. In other types of terracotta the royal attributes most frequently found are the double crown and — rarely — a nemes-headdress; the crown is usually surrounded by lotus buds, a favorite motive of Harpocrates’ iconography. The childish image of Harpocrates in the time of interaction between Eastern and Western cultures led to a natural synthesis of images of the child gods of Egyptian and Graeco-Roman worlds — Harpocrates and Eros. Apparently, such terracottaе, which had more Hellenistic than Egyptian features, were in demand by the population of different towns in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt.
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Kutscher, Silvia. "Multimodale graphische Kommunikation im pharaonischen Ägypten: Entwurf einer Analysemethode." Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies 28 (November 2020): 81–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/lingaeg.28.03.
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“Multimodal graphic communication in Ancient Egypt: A method for analysis”: This article presents a method to analyse Hieroglyphic-Egyptian artefacts based on the semiotic approach of multimodality. In a first step, the theoretical background of multimodality research is given and its methodological application to Hieroglyphic-Egyptian text-image-compositions is discussed. In a second step, the method is illustrated analysing a relief from an Old Kingdom mastaba in Giza – the will of Wep-em-nefert (G8882). In a third step, some graphic techniques for information structuring are compared to similar techniques that can be found in Franco-Belgian comics. In indenting semiotic methods of multimodality research with Egyptology, this article presents a new perspective for the investigation of Hieroglyphic-Egyptian artefacts, which opens new grounds for both research areas and for interdisciplinary dialog.
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Baines, John, Richard Jaeschke, and Julian Henderson. "Techniques of Decoration in the Hall of Barques in the Temple of Sethos I at Abydos." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 75, no. 1 (August 1989): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751338907500103.
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In 1983 and 1988 the Egypt Exploration Society's Abydos Mission recorded the paintings and reliefs in the Hall of Barques of the temple of Sethos I at Abydos. The paintings of Sethos I were executed in 9 main stages, from initial design to the final painting of details. Many corrections can be identified, both small ones in paint in the drafts and larger changes where the surface was recovered in plaster. Before the figures were painted, the figure area was covered with a fine plaster wash, to which black outlines were applied while it was still damp. There was a chemical reaction between black paint and plaster and little black is preserved. The black pigment contains an iron-rich pigment which is poorly crystalline (Appendix 2). Sunk relief carving within the outlines of the paintings was partly carried out under Ramesses II. Different levels of skill and divisions of labour in carving can be identified; problematic hieroglyphs were left to a later hand. Both relief and painting are characterized by speed of execution. The painting in the south-east corner of the hall was cleaned and recopied in 1988; the techniques used are described in Appendix 1.
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Nurrohim, Nurrohim, and Fitri Sari Setyorini. "Analisis Historis terhadap Corak Kesenian Islam Nusantara." Millati: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/mlt.v3i1.125-140.
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The history of Islamic development in Indonesia has different characteristics compared to other Islamic regions such as Turkey, India, Egypt, Syria, and Morocco. The journey of Islam in Indonesia brings different colors and patterns that distinguish it from other Islamic regions. This happens because Islam is spreaded in the archipelago peacefully and in a gradual long time, unlike the other Islamic regions islamization which is not infrequently through the power of the armed forces. This article will explain the results of Islamic interaction with society who previously embraced Hinduism, Buddhism and animist beliefs dynamism in the form of Islamic Nusantara arts. The analytical method used in this paper is a combination of theories of acculturation and assimilation of Nusantara culture and Islamic culture. The combination of Nusantara culture and Islamic culture produces an Islamic art with the uniqueness of Nusantara without eliminating the elements of the old culture. The form of pre-Islamic Nusantara cultural heritage with the Islamic culture can be found in the architecture of mosques, Arabic Malay script, literary arts, painting and sculpture.
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Ammar, Ahmed A., and Said I. Rabie. "Schematic relief of the near-surface and deep-seated magnetic basement, using local-power spectra, Gabal El-Erediya area, Eastern Desert, Egypt." Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 14, no. 1 (January 1992): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(92)90063-i.
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Darwish, Atef M. "A Novel Technique for the Reconstructive Formation of an Annular Hymen in Cases of Postpubertal Imperforate Hymen." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 21, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): e110-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2021.21.01.015.
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Objectives: Imperforate hymen (IH) is a common genital tract anomaly in women which usually presents after puberty. However, surgical treatment is often considered controversial in religious or conservative communities for sociocultural reasons. This study therefore aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel reconstructive technique involving the preservation of the annular hymen. Methods: This prospective interventional study was performed between July 2013 and October 2019 at the minimally invasive surgery unit of a tertiary university hospital in Egypt. A total of 36 women presenting with primary amenorrhoea and haematocolpus were diagnosed with postpubertal IH. A circular hymenotomy was performed on each patient using a 10 mm laparoscopy trocar tip and sleeve to form a new annular hymen under general anaesthesia while preserving the annular hymen. The primary outcome measure was the persistence of hymenal patency and integrity at follow-up. The secondary outcome measure included post-operative patient satisfaction and pain relief. Results: The reported technique was feasible in all cases without intraoperative complications. Patency of the reconstructed annular hymen was confirmed at follow-up in all cases; moreover, no intraoperative complications were reported. There was a significant post-operative improvement in pain scores (P <0.001). Both the patients and their parents/guardians reported a high level of satisfaction with the technique. Conclusion: This novel technique for the correction of IH involving the reconstruction of an annular hymen was found to be a safe, minimally invasive and effective procedure. This technique should be considered a feasible alternative to a conventional hymenotomy as it allows for the resumption of normal hymenal anatomy without overtreatment. KEYWORDS Congenital Abnormalities; Imperforate Hymen; Hematocolpos; Amenorrhea; Colpotomy; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures; Treatment Outcome; Egypt.
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Bergmann, Marianne. "Zur Datierung und Deutung der Chlamysfiguren aus rotem Porphyr." Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia 30 (March 20, 2019): 73–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/acta.6867.
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The article deals with four porphyry statues wearing late antique tunica-chlamys attire in Vienna, Berlin, Ravenna and in the Louvre. By the provenance of two of them and by deals of workmanship they are all clearly linked to the porphyry workshop that the tetrarchs had installed in Egypt. Yet they differ from the main products of this workshop not only by their new costume but also in their overall shape. Whereas the tetrarchs employed local sculptors, who specialized in working hard stone for their new porphyry workshop and the result was a fascinating mixture of imperially commissioned and strong local elements, these chlamydate follow other models of more classical taste. They attest to new imperial instructions given to the workshop. This makes it important to know when this new form of imperial representation was introduced. Suggested dates differ widely this article proposes to date the statues in Ravenna and the Louvre by means of their close typological and stylistic similarities to the statue of Oikoumenios form Aphrodisias, which itself is dated by its portrait, which is the closest known parallel to early Theodosian emperor’s portraits at Aphrodisias and Constantinople. The common link between the locally-produced honorific statues from Aphrodisias, the imperial porphyry workshop in Egypt, and the statue finds in Italy would then be Constantinople, whose sculpture workshops were heavily influenced by those of Aphrodisias. There are reasons to see the statues at Vienna and Berlin as earlier and representing a development o the new iconography. All this seems to correspond with the ideas of U. Gehn and R.R. R. Smith, who posit, that the use of late antique chlamydate and togati for honorific statues developed mainly in the later 4th century and in the east. It may have evolved during and after the reign of Valens, parallel to the intensified lawgiving concerning status marking. There should e parallels to this in the emperor’s ‘Chlamys/Dienstkostüm’. - In the end, there are some remarks on the ‘hand-on-sword’ gesture of the statues.
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Barakat, Hadeer, Ali Foaad Bakr, and Zeyad El-sayad. "Nature as a Healer for Autistic Children." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss1.277.
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According to estimates from the Center for Disease Control (CDC's) in 2008 and the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network in 2010, about 1 in 88 children had Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 2008 and about 1 in 68 children had Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in (2010). The eighth Scientific Conference for Autism held by the College of Education in conjunction with the Egyptian Society for Hydration Capacities of Children with Special Needs revealed that 1 out of every 80 children in Egypt are suffering from autism and this number in Egypt was expected to rise from 2.3 million in 2001 to 2.9 million in 2017.
The reason for many of autistic children’s symptoms is sensory integration; it is the power to understand, organize, and feel sensory data from the environment and body. The issues surrounding sensory integration are presented in hyposensitive and hypersensitive reactions by children with autism to the vestibular, proprioception, tactile, audio, visual, and olfactory senses.
A great deal of research has been conducted on gardens and their effect on health outcomes and how a garden may provide benefit:
1. Relief from physical symptoms or awareness of those symptoms.
2. Stress reduction.
3. Improvement in overall sense of well-being.
The aim of this paper is to establish a group of guidelines for designing a therapeutic garden for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to treat the sensory integration problems of children with ASD by designing a sensory garden which should focus on therapeutic interference. By using the elements and principles of design, the guidelines for this garden are focused on producing calming effects for hyper reactive children with ASD and stimulating effects for hypo reactions.
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عبده, سارة عبد ربه محمد. "الدوافع الدينية والحضارية لأساليب صيانة وترميم المنحوتات في مصر ما بين الماضي والحاضر = Civilization and Religious Motives of Sculpture Conservation and Restoration Methods in Egypt, Past and Present." مجلة التصميم الدولية 7, no. 4 (October 2017): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0044494.
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Abbas, Ahmed M., Mohammed F. Abdel-Ghany, Nadia Abdullah Mohammed, Mostafa Khodry, Armia Michael, Laila E. Abdelfatah, and Hosam Ramadan. "Oral diclofenac potassium versus hyoscine-N-butyl bromide for pain relief during copper intrauterine device insertion: randomized clinical trial." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180855.
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Background: Present study was carried out to compare the analgesic effect of oral diclofenac potassium versus hyoscine-N-butyl bromide (HBB) for pain relief during copper intrauterine device (IUD) insertion.Methods: It was a a randomized clinical trial carried out at Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Parous women eligible for Copper IUD insertion were recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to diclofenac potassium or HBB. The participants were asked to take 2 tablets of the study medications 30 minutes before IUD insertion. The primary outcome was the participant's self-rated pain perception using a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) during IUD insertion. We considered a 1.5 cm difference in VAS scores between study groups as clinically significant.Results: One hundred eight women were enrolled (n=54 in each group). Diclofenac significantly has lower mean pain score during speculum placement (1.73 vs. 2.13) and tenaculum placement (1.85 vs. 2.3) than HBB with p<0.001. No statistical significant differences between both groups in other steps of IUD insertion. Additionally, the duration of IUD insertion was significantly lower in the diclofenac group (5.34±0.76 vs. 5.74±1.23 minutes, p=0.045). No women reported side effects in both groups.Conclusions: The use of oral diclofenac potassium 30 minutes prior to copper IUD insertion slightly reduce the insertional pain and duration than oral HBB with no adverse effects.
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Azab, Ahmad A. "Deep gravity data interpretation using seismic reflection and well data: A case study of the West Gharib-Bakr area, Eastern Desert, Egypt." Geologica Carpathica 70, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2019-0021.
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Abstract A rigorous processing and analysis of the gravity data with seismic reflection and borehole information enabled a general view of the deep-seated regional structures in the West Gharib-Bakr area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. In this context, several interpretational techniques were applied to learn more about the supra-basement structures and intra-basement sources. The interpretation started with a review of the seismic data to clarify the structural elements on top of the Miocene strata, where a number of isochronous reflection maps were constructed and had migrated into depth maps. The Bouguer anomaly map was processed using Fast Fourier Transform filtering based on spectral analysis to separate the gravity anomalies into its components. Gravity stripping was also performed under the seismic isopachs and density controls. The gravity effect of each rock unit was calculated and progressively removed from the original data to obtain a new gravity map on top of the Pre-Miocene. To ensure more reliable results, further filtering and analytical processes were applied to the stripped map. The results of seismic analysis show simple structural configurations at the Miocene level, with a significant increase of evaporite thickness along the Gulf of Suez coast. In contrast, analysis of the stripped gravity map reveals a more intricate structure at the Pre-Miocene level, with increasing numbers/lengths of faults on the basement surface. Lineament analysis shows two major peaks trending N0–20°W and N50–70°E, produced by two main forces in NNW–SSE (compression) and ENE–WSW (tension) directions. The models confirmed a rough and ruptured basement surface, with no evidence of any magmatic intrusions penetrating the sediments. The basement relief map delineates five basins/sub-basins in the area which are separated from each other by ridges/saddles.
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Walker, Susan. "Funerary sculpture from late-antique Egypt - Thelma K. Thomas, LATE ANTIQUE EGYPTIAN FUNERARY SCULPTURE. IMAGES FOR THIS WORLD AND THE NEXT (Princeton University Press 2000). Pp. 163, 109 halftones, 14 maps, 3 line drawings. ISBN 0-691-03468-0. $55." Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104775940001463x.
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Saleem, Nabila H., Valerie A. Ferro, Ann M. Simpson, John Igoli, Alexander I. Gray, and Robert M. Drummond. "The Inhibitory Effect ofHaloxylon salicornicumon Contraction of the Mouse Uterus." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/714075.
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Haloxylon salicornicum(H. salicornicum) is a plant that is frequently taken as a tea by Bedouin women in Egypt who are experiencing difficulties during pregnancy, as well as to provide relief from dysmenorrhoea. Despite its medical use, there has been no detailed evaluation of the effect of this plant on uterine tissue. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to determine whetherH. salicornicumaffected the contraction of the mouse uterusin vitro. The crude aqueous extract ofH. salicornicumwas found to inhibit the spontaneous contractions of the uterus, with the effect being rapid in onset and completely reversible upon washout. Subsequent purification of the plant extract resulted in the identification of synephrine and N-methyltyramine, both of which were found to have inhibitory effects on the spontaneous contractions of the uterus. The EC50for the purified constituent identified as synephrine was 0.82 ± 0.24 μg/mL. The inhibitory activity of crudeH. salicornicum, as well as the isolated constituents, could be prevented by pretreatment of the uterus with theβ-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. In conclusion, the use ofH. salicornicumduring preterm labour appears to be justified, and its pharmacologic effect is consistent with it acting as aβ-adrenoceptor agonist.
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Jedmowski, Christoph, Ahmed Ashoub, Osama Momtaz, and Wolfgang Brüggemann. "Impact of Drought, Heat, and Their Combination on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Yield of Wild Barley (Hordeum spontaneum)." Journal of Botany 2015 (November 5, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/120868.
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The impact of (long-term) drought acclimation and (short-term) heat stress and their combination on fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves (OJIP) and grain yield was tested using pot-grown plants of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) originating from Northern Egypt. Concerning agronomic traits, the main effect of drought was decreased biomass accumulation and grain yield, while heat specifically affected floral development. The treatments caused specific inhibitions of photosystem II (PSII) functionality. While heat stressed plants showed a reduction of maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (φP0), an indication of effects on oxygen evolving complex (OEC) functionality, and the connectivity of PSII units, these features were entirely missing in drought acclimated plants. Drought caused a reduction of the Performance Index (PIabs) and of the relative amplitude of the IP-phase of the OJIP induction curve (ΔVIP). Individuals suffering from a combination of drought and heat showed a better ability to recover photosynthetic electron transport after the relief of stress in comparison to heat stressed plants. However, this improved capacity to recover was not accompanied by an increased grain yield. Thus, we conclude that chlorophyll fluorescence measurements provide valuable physiological data; however, their use in agronomic studies for the prediction of agronomic traits should be done with some precaution.
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Starrett, Gregory. "Managing Egypt’s Poor and the Politics of Benevolence, 1800-1952." American Journal of Islam and Society 24, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v24i3.1534.
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In Egypt and elsewhere in the Ottoman Empire, the social safety net representedby the extended family branched off in many directions. By Mamluktimes, it encompassed the patronage of wealthy and noble families who distributedfood to the poor on religious festivals and during times of hardship,and who sponsored the construction of bridges, waterworks, and publicfountains. In addition, mosques sometimes housed schools, soup kitchens,and hospitals; merchants regularly fed beggars; Sufi lodges housed travelers;and waqf endowments sponsored various religious and charitable activities.Ruling dynasties, including their women, created funds that sponsoredorphans’ homes, paid the dowries of poor women, and provided pensions forthe widows and children of soldiers killed in battle.As Ener shows in her valuable and carefully researched book, the valuesof ihsan (generosity) and sadaqah (almsgiving) have been applied accordingto ideas about charity’s legitimate beneficiaries (e.g., clerics, the poor,orphans, and women without family support). Ener traces the fortunes of thepoor, the changing constellation of institutions available for their relief, andthe transformation in Egyptian understanding of those entitled to such care.By the middle of the nineteenth century, the traditional “mixed economy”of relief (p. 9), which incorporated countless donors and institutions,operated alongside a more centralized set of interests and practices intendedto control poor people’s movement and activities. Such practices had notbeen common previously (p. 15) and appear to have been unique in theMiddle East (p. 29). Authorities began to distinguish between the deservingand the undesirable poor and sought to prevent able-bodied men fromencroaching on urban space as beggars or “fake” mendicants and from usingpublicly available forms of assistance. In nineteenth-century Cairo andAlexandria, such men and peasants “absconding” from the countrysidewere often arrested, sent back to their home regions, and pressed into involuntaryagricultural, industrial, or military service. The growing modern statewas increasingly interested in controlling crime, immigration, and the flowof disease through internationalized urban spaces ...
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Miranda, Catarina. "“I have seen a face with a thousand countenances”: Interpreting Ptolemies' mixed statuary." Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, no. 33 (December 12, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1750.revmae.2019.169503.
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Around the time the postcolonial paradigm was establishing in the Humanities, so too was the Ptolemaic period receiving growing attention. Scholars studying this chronology, during the second half of the twentieth century, however, understood Egypt’s society and culture as a set of impermeable communities/ traditions, only coexisting with one another. This interpretation caused a radical turn in the historiography of the topic. More significantly, though, it left material culture that did not belong exclusively to neither one of the cultural sets (Greek or Egyptian) largely overlooked, and, later on, underestimated in the debates on who influenced who. The author’s Master dissertation took as a case study the Greco-Egyptian stone sculpture in the round of the male Ptolemaic rulers, looking to further understand the epreviously underestimated objects. They were not underestimated, however, in the sense that their existence was not acknowledged or analysed, but in the sense that the explanation put forward was not complex enough. The authors formulated their interpretation mainly from the point of view of state and elites, disconsidering thus other possible realms of agency. This article presents a part of the investigation, namely the theoretical framework adopted to suggest another interpretation for the existence of the “mixed” statuary of Ptolemaic rulers. Although today Ptolemaic Egypt is not understood as a colonial case, postcolonial studies will contribute to this alternative line of interpretation by decentralizing analysis, from the state to other groups. Nevertheless, the major contribution will come from a theory of consumption, which in turn aims to decentralize studies, from issues of power to other realms.
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Parke, Andrew. "Surgeon Major Thomas Heazle Parke (1857–1893): Irish doctor, soldier and explorer." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 164, no. 1 (August 8, 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000781.
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Surgeon Major Thomas Heazle Parke (1857–1893) was a doctor from Drumsna, County Roscommon, who after completing his education at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland joined the British army as a medical officer. After several years of serving in Ireland and Egypt, he volunteered to be medical officer of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition of 1887–1889. This was to become Henry Morton Stanley’s largest, longest and most controversial African expedition. The epic journey saw Stanley, his eight European officers and 800 African porters take almost 3 years to cross the African continent from West to East via the Congo River, Southern Sudan and Uganda. During this time, Parke had to single-handedly deal with the myriad diseases and injuries that beset the expedition’s members. Barely 200 of the Zanzibari, Sudanese and Somali porters survived, and two British officers also perished. In completing the expedition, Parke became the first Irishman to cross Africa, and he had also become the first European to lay eyes on the ‘Mountains of the Moon’ or ‘Ruwenzori’. He returned home to great acclaim, and was bestowed copious honours and fellowships. His account of the expedition, My Experiences in Equatorial Africa, was a bestseller. However, his own health never recovered from the hardships of his time in Africa, and he died suddenly in 1893. His statue stands outside the Natural History Museum in Dublin.
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Salem, Haitham Hamdy. "Comparison of 3 Approaches to Percutaneous Epidural Adhesiolysis and Neuroplasty in Post Lumbar Surgery Syndrome." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (September 15, 2018): E501—E508. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.5.e501.
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Background: Percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis and neuroplasty (PEAN) has been proven to be safe and effective in treating different spine pathologies, in particular post lumbar surgery syndrome (PLSS). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and complication rates of the 3 different PEAN anatomical approaches (caudal, S1 foraminal, and L5-S1 transforaminal) used to treat PLSS. Study Design: This study used a case control, blind study. Setting: The research took place at the pain clinic and interventional pain practice room at Asyut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Methods: Sixty consecutive PLSS patients were recruited and randomized into 3 groups (caudal, S1 foraminal, and L5-S1 transforaminal) before receiving adhesiolysis and neuroplasty. All patients underwent nerve conduction studies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pain severity levels were assessed and measured using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (OSW) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale. The first assessment was performed prior to the procedure to determine the patients’ baseline levels of pain severity. Followup assessments were performed 1-, 3-, and 6-months after the procedure. Results: Results of the group pairwise analysis indicated that, relative to baseline, there were significant decreases in pain relief scores (VAS and OWS) and functional assessment expressed by patients’ satisfaction across all time intervals and in all 3 groups (P < 0.01). Conversely, a between group analysis revealed that VAS, OWS, and patient satisfaction scores were comparable across the 3 groups at all time intervals (P > 0.05). There were no differences in rates of complications between the 3 different groups. Limitations: Our study was limited by the low number of patients and the short duration (6 months) of follow-up. Conclusion: The 3 anatomical approaches (caudal, S1 foraminal, and L5-S1 transforaminal) result in the same outcome with regard to pain relief and complication rate. Key words: Post lumber surgery syndrome, post laminectomy back pain, percutaneous adhesiolysis, Racz catheter, percutaneous neuroplasty
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El-Ashmawy, Khalid L. A. "Investigation of the Accuracy of Google Earth Elevation Data." Artificial Satellites 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsa-2016-0008.
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Abstract Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) comprise valuable source of elevation data required for many engineering applications. Contour lines, slope - aspect maps are part of their many uses. Moreover, DEMs are used often in geographic information systems (GIS), and are the most common basis for digitally-produced relief maps. This paper proposes a method of generating DEM by using Google Earth elevation data which is easier and free. The case study consisted of three different small regions in the northern beach in Egypt. The accuracy of the Google earth derived elevation data are reported using root mean square error (RMSE), mean error (ME) and maximum absolute error (MAE). All these accuracy statistics were computed using the ground coordinates of 200 reference points for each region of the case study. The reference data was collected with total station survey. The results showed that the accuracies for the prepared DEMs are suitable for some certain engineering applications but inadequate to meet the standard required for fine/small scale DEM for very precise engineering study. The obtained accuracies for terrain with small height difference can be used for preparing large area cadastral, city planning, or land classification maps. In general, Google Earth elevation data can be used only for investigation and preliminary studies with low cost. It is strongly concluded that the users of Google Earth have to test the accuracy of elevation data by comparing with reference data before using it.
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Et al., Mohamed Shamandy Fouad. "Comparative study for connecting new flare capacity to existing flare Systems." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5795–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1988.
Full textAbstract:
Process facility operations are equipped with flare system to dispose flammable, toxic, or corrosive vapors to an environmentally acceptable gas for release to the atmosphere from both normal operational venting and relief during abnormal conditions. For safe incineration and radiation considerations flares are located at a remote point from the plant. Flare system when designed is to be limited for a certain capacity for a relieved gas; in addition, it may be designed in excess for future process facilities which may be further added to an existing one.
KHALDA Petroleum Company is an owner company of oil and gas plants in Egypt. The company started a remote facility in 2005 named as "QASR start of line" which equipped with a limited flaring system capacity of 416,800 kg/hr for each flare related to phases PH-1 and PH-2. After 10 years of operation the wells depletion occurred which affected the production capacity and hence the company decided to maintain the productivity. A new compression project is designed to improve recovery as the reservoir production rate and pressure decline. The new compression project facilities vent and disposal need a flare system in case of the emergency. This paper discusses two different scenarios available for connecting the new compression project facilities vent and disposal system either to the existing flare systems or to another destination, which better, safer and more economic
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Moeen, Seham M. "Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Intraarticular Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Relief in Knee Arthroscopic Surgery: A Randomized Trial." Pain Physician 7, no. 20;7 (November 12, 2017): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2017.7.671.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Knee arthroscopy causes minimal trauma, however, good analgesia is required for early rehabilitation and return to normal life in the patients. Objective: We aimed to compare the analgesic effects of intraarticular dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine with those of bupivacaine alone. Study Design: This study uses a double-blind, randomized, controlled design with allocation concealment in a 3-armed parallel group format among patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscal surgery. Setting: The study was conducted at Assiut University Hospital in Asyut, Egypt. The study duration was from July 2016 to February 2017. Methods: After the ethics committee approval, 60 patients, with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I or II, 20 – 50 years old, and scheduled for arthroscopic meniscal surgery were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive 18mL intraarticular bupivacaine 0.25% with either dexamethasone 8 mg (group I), dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (group II), or 2 mL of normal saline (group III). The total volume of injectate used in each group was 20 mL. All of the patients received spinal anesthesia. Postoperatively, oral paracetamol 1000 mg was given every 8 hours, and oral tramadol 50 mg was administered, as needed, for rescue analgesia. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, time to first analgesic request, and total dose of postoperative analgesics were recorded for 3 days postoperatively. Results: The VAS scores were lower in groups I and II compared with group III. The time to the first analgesic was significantly shorter in group III compared with groups I and II (P = 0.001). The total dose of rescue paracetamol was higher in group III compared with groups I and II (P = 0.001). No need for tramadol rescue analgesia was recorded in any of the groups. No significant differences between groups I and II were noticed. Limitations: The limitations of this study include the lack of previous research to compare the effect of both intraarticular dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine added to bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in arthroscopic knee surgery. Additionally, there was a short observation period for the detection of chondrotoxicity, if occurred. Conclusion: The addition of dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine to a solution of bupivacaine 0.25% provided better analgesia than using bupivacaine alone. Clinical trial registration: NCT02818985. Key words: Intraarticular, knee arthroscopy, bupivacaine, dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, postoperative pain
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Popovic-Filipovic, Slavica. "Elsie Inglis (1864-1917) and the Scottish women’s hospitals in Serbia in the Great War. Part 1." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 3-4 (2018): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170704167p.
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The news about the great victories of the Gallant Little Serbia in the Great War spread far and wide. Following on the appeals from the Serbian legations and the Serbian Red Cross, assistance was arriving from all over the world. First medical missions and medical and other help arrived from Russia. It was followed by the medical missions from Great Britain, France, Greece, The Netherlands, Denmark, Switzerland, America, etc. Material help and individual volunteers arrived from Poland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Norway, India, Japan, Egypt, South America, and elsewhere. The true friends of Serbia formed various funds under the auspices of the Red Cross Society, and other associations. In September 1914, the Serbian Relief Fund was established in London, while in Scotland the first units of the Scottish Women?s Hospitals for Foreign Service were formed in November of the same year. The aim of this work was to keep the memory of the Scottish Women?s Hospitals in Serbia, and with the Serbs in the Great War. In the history of the Serbian nation during the Great War a special place was held by the Scottish Women?s Hospitals - a unique humanitarian medical mission. It was the initiative of Dr. Elsie Maud Inglis (1864-1917), a physician, surgeon, promoter of equal rights for women, and with the support of the Scottish Federation of Woman?s Suffrage Societies. The SWH Hospitals, which were completely staffed by women, by their participation in the Great War, also contributed to gender and professional equality, especially in medicine. Many of today?s achievements came about thanks to the first generations of women doctors, who fought for equality in choosing to study medicine, and working in the medical field, in time of war and peacetime.