Academic literature on the topic 'Reliefit'

The thesis is concerned with the Hellenistic banquet and rider reliefs discovered within modern Greece, and examines their typology, iconography, and style, in order to trace the evolution of both themes and of individual motifs, in comparison with similar material from other Greek areas, and Macedonian areas now belonging outside the Greek borders. It aims to investigate the influence of sculpture of other Greek areas (predominantly Attic sculpture) on iconography and style, as well as to establish prototypes and local trends, and thus to place Macedonian funerary relief production within the broader frame of Greek relief production. It also aims to trace any relation between iconography and metaphysical beliefs of the Macedonians by exploring the cultural and religious background of the people, as attested by archaeological and literary evidence. Both themes are seen in the light of public beliefs in the Afterlife and within the context of the heroization and cult of the dead in the Hellenistic period. Both themes, as well as individual motifs, are interpreted on the basis of iconography, epigraphy and literature; it is argued that the funerary banquet represents the deceased as a hero in the Underworld, and that the theme of the rider represents the deceased both as a hero and as an important member of the society. The social status of individuals and groups who erected the reliefs is also investigated on the basis of iconography, epigraphy, and onomastics, with the aim of exploring the plausible factors which might have determined the choice of themes and particular motifs.

Entre 1668 et 1870, la France a produit des centaines de plans-reliefs représentant les villes fortifiées aux frontières du pays, dont le plan-relief de Lille (1740-1743). Ce travail tente, d'une part, de mieux comprendre les intentions poursuivies par la représentation en maquette de cette ville et, d’autre part, d’évaluer sa valeur historique afin de l’exploiter comme archive. La première partie retrace l'histoire de la collection. Elle souligne l’importance que revêt celle-ci, d’un point de vue pratique et symbolique, et la nécessité d’étudier au cas par cas les plans-reliefs, tant leur mise en œuvre et leur niveau d’exactitude varient. La seconde partie consiste donc à analyser en détail le plan-relief de Lille : le relief, la citadelle, la fortification urbaine, le réseau viaire, les canaux et le parcellaire, les édifices civils, militaires et religieux, etc. Cette étude démontre la grande valeur historique du plan-relief de Lille qui témoigne d’un souci du détail et de précision. Néanmoins, l’analyse pointe également les limites de cette représentation, dont il faut tenir compte lors de son exploitation en tant qu’archive. La troisième et dernière partie interroge la place du plan-relief de Lille par rapport aux autres représentations de la ville. L’enjeu est de déterminer les spécificités visuelles des plans-reliefs en général et de préciser les effets immédiats qu’ils provoquent chez le spectateur. Ces effets participent à l’efficacité des maquettes qui s’inscrivent dans un vaste réseau d’images au service du Roi. Cette thèse propose donc une approche globale du plan-relief de Lille, en abordant l’objet en lui-même, son contexte de production et sa réception<br>Between 1668 and 1870, hundreds of plans-reliefs depicting fortified cities localized at the border of the country were built. The plan-relief of Lille (1740-1743) belongs to that collection. This paper attempts, on the one side, to better understand the intention pursued by representing the city in a model, and on the other side, to evaluate its historical validity in order to use it as a piece of archive. The first part covers the history of the collection and underlines its significance both on a practical and symbolical point of view and the needs to study individually these plans-reliefs, as both their implementation and level of accuracy vary. The second part analyses in depth the model of Lille: the relief, the citadel, the urban fortification, the roads, the canals, the plots, the civil, military and religious buildings etc. This study demonstrates the important historical value and the precise depiction of the model of Lille. Nevertheless, the analysis also points out the limits of such a representation. These limits are key when using it as a piece of archive. The third and last part questions the position of the plan-relief in comparison to other representations of the city. The purpose is to determine the visual specificity of the plans-reliefs in general and to clarify the immediate effects it has on the viewer. These effects contribute to the effectiveness of the models that were part of a wide range of images serving the interests of the King. This dissertation offers a global approach of the plan-relief of Lille, coming up to the object in itself, the circumstances of its production and of its reception

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>O presente trabalho introduz o conceito de impostores com relevo: uma maneira eficiente para representar objetos por imagens em sistemas que requerem visualização em tempo real, especialmente jogos 3D e ambientes de realidade virtual. Para tanto, mesclam-se métodos tipicamente pertencentes à área de renderização baseada em imagens com métodos tradicionais de visualização baseada em geometria. A técnica requer do usuário apenas a modelagem geométrica da entidade a ser representada. Posteriormente o sistema sintetiza texturas com relevo, dinamicamente atualizadas quando necessário, e as visualiza utilizando o método de mapeamento de texturas com relevo. Esta abordagem permite inserir modelos complexos, tanto pela sua natureza geométrica, como pelo seu processo de visualização, no pipeline gráfico em tempo real. Além disso, os impostores com relevo procuram aproveitar o tempo ocioso ou recursos paralelos disponíveis no processador, de forma a balancear a carga de processamento de visualização entre CPU/GPU. Estes impostores também tornam possível a representação de qualquer tipo de objeto geométrico através de mapeamento de texturas com relevo.<br>The present work introduces the concept of relief impostors: an efficient manner of representing objects by images in systems that require real time rendering, such as 3D games and virtual reality environments. For this purpose, typical methods of image-based rendering are mixed with traditional geometry based rendering methods. This technique only requires from the user the geometric modeling of the entity to be represented. After this, the system synthesizes relief textures, dynamically refreshed when necessary, and renders them using the method of relief texture mapping. This approach allows complex models to be inserted into the real time pipeline system. This complexity arise either from the geometric nature of the model or its process of visualization. Also, the relief impostors try to use the idle time or parallel resources available on the processor, in order to balance the work to be done between the CPU and GPU. Furthermore, they make possible the representation of any kind of geometric object by the relief texture mapping technique.

Relief sculpture can be understood as a form in two and a half dimensions, between drawing or painting and sculpture. Relief is also a renewed area of artistic practice, long in decline and marginalized in the 20th Century. It engages with the archaic and the physical and as such is counterpoint to the proliferation of disembodied digital images in contemporary culture. Relief is an art form well suited to re-examining our past from under the shadow of sculpture and painting, not least because it is characterised by ambiguity and dualism and the compatibility of its formal character with themes of conflict and antiquity. This paper discusses the persistence and value of relief sculpture in the 21st Century and analyses the historical dualities of relief and how these dualities resonate in contemporary art. I argue that the scattered presence of relief sculpture in contemporary art no longer designates a strict formal discipline but rather expresses both disjecta membra (fracturing) and a transitional zone in visual arts. Contemporary relief is analysed through the work of artists who have explored dualities within this transitional space: works by Thomas Houseago, Anselm Kiefer, William Kentridge and Matthew Monahan, and through key works from my own studio research, including publically sited works from 2015 to 2018. This paper explores how the transitional zone of contemporary relief echoes the duality inherent in historical (classical) relief. It examines this zone with the superimposition of dualities that include the physical and the image, the archaic and the contemporary. Relief is characterized by dialectics, and the coexistence, reconciliation or synthesis of opposites. It is a manifestation of Edward Soja’s thirdspace (1996) —a shared response or methexis synthesizing history with sensorial and conceptual (or physical and imaginary) space. The research draws from Theodor Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory (1970) and his observations and historical perspective across art forms, arguing that the nature and fate of genres inform understandings of relief sculpture in contemporary art. Perspectives of time and space as described in Jacques Ranciere’s episodic approach to history are complemented by Henri Lefebvre’s and Edward Soja’s subsequent analysis of space. Other philosophers and historians referenced include Walter Pater (1839 to 1894) and his biographer Lene Ostermark-Johansen who form a part of the historical perspective on relief and its position in art. Adolph von Hildebrandt (1847-1921) and Rosalind Krauss assist in comparing relief before and after cubism, which I argue is critical in understanding relief’s renewal through its revised approach to materials coupled to spatial enquiry.<br>Thesis (Professional Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)<br>Queensland College of Art<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text

El propósito de este trabajo de investigación es identificar la necesidad de una solución para las dolencias musculares y la aceptación de las compresas calientes como alternativa de solución. Estas compresas sirven para rehabilitar, aliviar y prevenir los dolores musculares. El público objetivo son personas entre 25 y 70 años que trabajan, estudian o realizan alguna actividad física regular y que a causa de ello tengan o puedan tener alguna dolencia muscular, que pertenezcan al nivel socioeconómico A y B y que vivan en los distritos de Miraflores, Surco, San Borja, Lince, San Isidro y La Molina. Las compresas Relief serán comercializadas vía online. De igual manera, se contará con un equipo conformado por 4 accionistas, quienes apoyarán con sus habilidades, capacidades, experiencias para maximizar los recursos y la rentabilidad para la empresa. Con el fin de alcanzar dicho objetivo, se realizó una serie de estudios tales como investigación de mercado, planeamiento estratégico, plan de marketing, plan de operaciones y plan económico. Este último facilitará la viabilidad de la idea de negocio dentro de los primeros 5 años, para lo cual se analizarán tres posibles escenarios, optimista, pesimista y moderado. Para la puesta en marcha del proyecto se necesitarán 27 días hábiles para cumplir con los requerimiento de ley, acondicionamiento del local y creación de una red digital. Asimismo, se requerirá una inversión inicial de S/160,000, el cual será 60% aporte de los socios y 40% financiamiento bancario e inversionistas.<br>The purpose of this study is to identify the need for a solution for muscular ailments and the acceptance of hotpads as an alternative solution. These compresses are used to rehabilitate, relieve and prevent muscle aches. The target audience is people between 25 and 70 years old who work, study or perform some regular physical activity and as a result they have or may have some muscular ailment. They must belong to the socioeconomic level A and B and live in the districts of Miraflores, Surco, San Borja, Lince, San Isidro and La Molina. Relief compresses will be sold. Likewise, the Company will be stablished by 4 partners, who will support with their skills, abilities, and experiences to maximize resources and profitability for the company. In order to achieve this goal, a series of studies were carried out, such as market research, strategic planning, marketing plan, operations plan and economic plan. The last one will facilitate the viability of the business idea within the first 5 years, for which three possible scenarios, optimistic, pessimistic and moderate, will be analyzed. To start-up the project 27 working days will be needed in order to complete the requirements according the law, equip the warehouse and create a digital network. Additionaly, an initial investment of S / 160,000 will be required. 60% will be the partners’ contribution and 40% funded by the bank and investors.<br>Trabajo de investigación

The following is an examination of the ideas and decisions that went into an art exhibition held in gallery 303 of the Harris Fine Art Center February 1-13, 2013. The exhibition explores the relationships of the artwork, artist, viewer, and space. The catalyst for the above mentioned exploration is a process of making art using linoleum relief printing. The subject of the artwork is an in-depth examination of the material and printing process. It is my contention that such a close look at the art making process reveals the attitudes and decisions that we make with any human endeavor.

Pain and pleasure have historically been considered opposites, and appear to have mutually inhibitory effects. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between pain, pleasure and relief, both in terms of affect and in terms of the neural processing underpinning these sensations and their interactions. To this end, three psychophysical and four functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were conducted. The first study investigated the neural underpinnings of itch and motivation for relief. The results demonstrated the involvement of a network of regions previously implicated in sensory and motivational structures, highlighting the perhaps inextricable link between an unpleasant sensation and the desire for relief. The next three studies formed a senes ofpsychophysical investigations aiming to characterize the sensation of relief from brief thermal heat pain, and testing a number ofpredictions from the opponent process theory about relief. The behavioural measures of relief from these experiments showed a strong resemblance to the opponent process ofpain. The next study investigated the effects of anticipatory pleasure on pain processing. Anticipatory pleasure was induced via expectation of immediate cooling relief following noxious thermal stimulation, and results from physiological and fMRI data supported the hypothesis that anticipatory pleasure would reduce pain. The third fMRI experiment reported here investigated the relationship between relief and pleasure processing in the brain. Relief was induced via a safety cue following a 50% predictive pain cue. To allow for the comparison between relief and more classical reward processing, subjects imagined pleasant and neutral scenarios. Results showed some differences but also important similarities in relief and pleasure processing, notably in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum, where activation correlated with reported pleasantness. The final study reported here used fMRI to investigate the neural substrates ofpleasant pain. A moderate pain stimulus was presented in two different contexts. In one context, the alternative outcome was intensely painful, such that moderate pain caused relief; this stimulus was rated as pleasant during the experiment. In the other context, the moderate pain represented the worst outcome, and was rated as painful. Significant differences between the two (identical) moderate thermal stimuli were found in ratings of sensation and affect, as well as in arousal and activation in medial orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. These brain regions appear to be involved when a painful sensation is transformed into pleasure. Overall, the results reported in this thesis demonstrated a strong link between relief from pain and pleasure. These findings support the notion that pain and pleasure are opposites and mutually inhibitory in some contexts, but as demonstrated by the co-occurrence of pain and pleasure in the last study reported here, the relationship between pain, pleasure and the resulting hedonic perception is complex. As recognised by Bentham more than two centuries ago, pain and pleasure are the two 'masters of mankind.' The results from this thesis suggest that as we move into a new era of neuroscientific research, the hedonic aspects ofpain and pleasure should be revisited, and their complementary natures explored further.

This thesis examines the issue of participation of affected populations in disaster relief, which is receiving increasing attention from researchers, planners and practitioners. This concern comes out of the widely documented experience in development studies that beneficiary participation is essential for programmes to succeed. Similar arguments are being applied to disaster relief. However, despite much rhetoric, examples of genuine grassroots participation both in relief and development continue to be rare. I review the concept of participation in Chapter One and, in Chapter Two, the many possible reasons as to why participation of beneficiaries continues to be a problematic issue. In Chapter Three, I review the concept of humanitarianism and the implications of changes in humanitarian assistance on participation. In Chapters Four, Five and Six, I present three case studies, different by geographical, socio-political context and type of disaster. All the three studies contain material collected through fieldwork involving a qualitative methodology. I have indicated, in each study, the range of data collection tools used. In Chapter Seven, I compare and evaluate the findings of the three case studies. I present overall conclusions of the thesis in Chapter Eight. The main conclusions of the thesis are that beneficiary participation continues to be a problematic issue because groups that have power derived from ownership of economic resources or politics seem unwilling to share that power with the people they seek to assist. Their unwillingness to do so has, in turn, many causes including, lack of trust by aid organisations of local power structures and organisations, poor bureaucratic orientation, a self-given superiority of moral virtue and technical expertise, and sometimes limitations imposed by operational, structural and accounting procedures. I argue that some of these limitations could be addressed through financially supporting and enhancing the capabilities of member-based grassroots structures. I also argue that more effort needs to be devoted to research on how willingness to adhere to the ideals of humanitarian assistance can be generated on the part of aid agencies and donors.