Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Religion – Liban'
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Haidar-Raheel, Wafaa. "La dimension religieuse dans le mariage au Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10002/document.
Full textEighteen religious communities co-habit in Lebanon. Each one of those communities has its own set of family laws as well as its own religious courts that handle and settle all of the conflicts arising between their followers. The current set of laws adopted and applied by each community fails to resolve many of the newly arising conflicts especially those related to the personal statute of their followers. For example, we can state the problems of divorce, women's repudiation, polygamy, temporary marriage, the matrimonial qualification of women, the conflicts between the communities' judicial competences, the problems related to inter-religious marriage, as well as many other recurring problems all of which can either never tolerate being unsettled or are tired of waiting for decades to be resolved. Unfortunately, in Lebanon, where civil marriage is still not applied, the individual has no clear definition beyond the boundaries of his community. What yet still needs to be known is how such an individual will be capable of functioning properly and effectively inside a system in which the national identity is only seen through the eyes of one's religious beliefs.Civil marriage in Lebanon represents the only resort to those who never believe in religious marriage and to even those who do but still feel unsecure due to the lack of the proper, clear, strict, adequate conflict resolution measures. The rehabilitation and renewal of the currently applied laws is indeed an obligation to every religious representative and chief. The Lebanese are aware of that and longing for such an evolution
Al-Takrouri, Issam. "Le conseil constitutionnel libanais et l'aménagement du confessionnalisme." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010273.
Full textHanna, Jessica. "Statut personnel et religion : vers un mariage civil au Liban ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D006.
Full textIn 2012, a Lebanese couple was authorized to form a civil union for the first time on the Lebanese soil. Receiving great support from the civil society, Nidal Darwiche and Kholoud Sukkarieh, born Shia and Sunni respectively, relied on legislative and constitutional regulations in Lebanese law and questioned, as a consequence, the system that's currently in effect in the personal status field. As a matter of fact, family law in Lebanon is characterized by judicial and legislative pluralism that comes along with personality of laws system. Marriage, in particular, is dominated, whether it comes to its procedure or its content by the religious factor and obeys most of the time to the husband's religious law. There is no specific regulation that takes into consideration the possibility of a civil marriage taking place in Lebanon. Those who want to avoid the 18 different personal status laws in reference to the 18 religious sects that exist, are forced to travel abroad- mainly to Cyprus - in order to civilly tie the knot, a perfectly recognized and registered union in Lebanon. What are the legal methods highlighted that have led to the materialization of this civil marriage? How was this legal revolution welcomed by the religious authorities? What was the jurisprudence's position? Does this progress open the gate towards the adoption of a Lebanese civil persona! status law? Could full secularism be established in Lebanon? This dissertation examines the link between religion and persona! status in Lebanon through marriage's study. It studies first of all the historical social evolution that led to the consolidation of personality of laws system in the personal status field, it observes afterwards complications and solutions to overcome judicial and legislative pluralism, and it ends with the case study and the impacts of the first Lebanese civil marriage
Sadek, Abdul Latif. "Identité nationale, recomposition territoriale et religion : le cas de la communauté chiite au Liban." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1028.
Full textThe Shi’a religious identity has managed to preserve itself for many decades. The identity has been determined within a socio-religious confession that distanced itself from power for ideological and political reasons. The Shiites found themselves associated with the State of Greater-Lebanon without having their own real project. Effectively, this did not improve their status. It, inspite of that, lead to the emergence of unevenness at the parliamentarian representation and the economic development levels. Various forces emerged, with the religious system at the forefront that worked on the redefining of the identity and the socio-political program that manifests the interests of the sect. Taking these elements into account, we focussed our research on the role the religious system in defining this identity. Our contribution consists of three parts. The first part is theoretical that allows to shed a light on the concepts-keys of the Shi’a confession. The second part analyses the situation of this group and the third part questions, on the basis of numerous documents and interviews, the mechanisms used to maintain the values of the group and its unity with a field study of Nabatieh area
Saad-Ghorayeb, Amal. "Hizbu'llah : politics and religion /." Londres : Pluto Press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38942056z.
Full textChokr, Mohamad Ali. "La démocratie consensuelle : Cas du Liban." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1045.
Full textThe consensual democracy embodied a suitable regime for plural societies compared to the majority democracy. It provides a balance between the various vectors of the plural society, insuring political stability and the participation of minorities, non-domination the majority. Since Lebanon is deemed to be a plural society due to the presence of a multitude of confessions, it has sought to make the principles of the consensual regime prevail on those of the majority System. This study highlighted the nature of the existing political System in Lebanon, based on the sectarian diversity, since the establishment of the State of Greater Lebanon, passing through the most important events and conciliations in Lebanon, according to whish the consensual democracy was consecrated as an interim régime to achieve a modem democracy. When the division increase the mechanism of action of the political consensual system and its effectiveness in Lebanon grow at the level of governance and administration and the Islamic-Christian coexistence, it was time to highlight the operation of the consensual system, to show the main causes that hinder its evolution and the aim or feasibility of the continuity of its application on the political life in Lebanon. Especially, the Lebanese constitution amended according to the Taëf document, did not stipulate that the consensual democracy is an end but a means to attain stable democracy. Therefore, it was necessary to suggest an alternative system to the consensual democracy, as a solution to get out of the recurrent crises, in compliance with the multi confessional composition of the Lebanese society
Naja, Nebras. "Système constitutionnel libanais et confessionnalisme." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05D007.
Full textAbdallah, Mohammad. "La crise de la coexistence islamo-chrétienne au Liban, 1920-1985." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070037.
Full textGhoussoub, Dani. "Le rôle du confessionnalisme dans la vie institutionnelle libanaise." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_ghoussoub_d.pdf.
Full textConfessionnalism in Lebanon overflows private sphere to monopolize public sphere. Lebanease democracy is so peculiar that it associates two concepts apparently inconsistent to set up a political system. For a western jurist this may look like a ludicrous idea. Impact of confessionnalism on lebanease institutions is so strong that lebanease “democracy”, that we called “community democracy”, seems to be conditioned by confessionnal membership of lebanease citizens. Thus no lebanease can have any legal existence unless being considered as member of such and such confession or such and such community. Even MPs election is subject to confessional agreements. A lebanease is conditionned by his confession membership from the cradle to the grave. Whatever, Lebanon remains a democracy that copes pretty well with religious matter. However, in order to modernize lebanease institutions it must be thought about a possible deconfessionnalisation process. Process considered by the lebanease Constitution as a “national objective”. But what about this objective? Is it reachable? Is it desirable?
Talhouk, Roula. "Société civile et communauté religieuse dans la société libanaise contemporaine : étude anthropologique de deux communautés confessionnelles locales shi̕ite et maronite en milieu urbain." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30025.
Full textThe present study aims at exploring the role of the confessional communities in the constitution of the Lebanese contemporary society. This problematic issue is addressed in the three stages: first, it is a question of exploring the relations of confessional communities with each other; then, it appears necessary to examine the nature of the relation of the confessional community with the overall society; finally, it seems necessary to analyze the constitution of the confessional community as a group. So three aspects of study, aspects whose continuity imposes simultaneity of treatment. Since it is a study in anthropology of religion, the problem shall be tackled with the research instruments related to this discipline, with the field study and participating observation as a starting point. The two studied are local societies, or rather local groupings, which were formed, each, around a basic institution, an institution that is at the center of their religious life. From the Maronite side, the basic institution is the parish church of Saint Michael in Chyyah and the churches that are connected to it, a parish that is a part of the Maronite diocese of Beirut. From the shi‘ite side, the basic institution is the Al ‘Imamein El Hassanein mosque, in Haret Hreik, a district in Southern Suburb of Beirut. The importance of this mosque lies in the fact that it was once the venue for the teaching of great Ayatollāh Sayyid Mouhammad Houssein Fadlallāh. It is worth noting here the multiplicity of the material used for the study, each leading to an analytical presentation: observation of the daily life, religious celebrations, processions; Maronite and Shi‘ite religious speeches; speeches by speakers of the two communities
Nokkari, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude des institutions religieuses islamiques dans le Liban musulman et confessionnel." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT3005/document.
Full textThe history of genesis of the Muslim religious institutions diverges from that of the other institutions, particularly the Christian ones. In the absence of a powerful central power like the Byzantine Empire, the first muslims did not consent to the orders of a dominant political authority outside of Islam. This is how political-religious institutions developed very early, and those took in charge, all together, the administration of the State and the ruling of the religious matters. To this amalgam was added the dogmatic aspect of Islam, that refused to the clergy any sort of intercession between God and men. This emergence continues in our present days to be a subject of polemic nature between the defenders of a clear separation of the two domains, and the defenders of a totalitarian Islam grouping the spiritual and the temporal. The Ottoman Empire, like its two predecessors, have admitted a close collaboration between the two domains. The modern States are divided between three tendencies: One that cancels or weakens the religious institutions, another that integrates them to the State operation and a third one that exercises neutrality in their regard. Lebanon adopts this third way. To know this mechanism, every religious community has its own central religious engine that exercises legislative, executive and judiciary competencies in all what relates to its religious matters and to the administration of its properties- waqf. How do these religious institutions function? This is the subject of our contribution to the study of the Islamic religious institutions
Mawas, Charif Bachir. "Les communautés religieuses et la recherche d'un équilibre au sein de la vie politique libanaise." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10042.
Full textHage, Ibrahim. "Le confessionnalisme politico-éducatif au Liban : son influence sur la vie sociale, sur les conflits intérieurs, y compris sur l'éclatement de la guerre (1943-1975)." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H019.
Full textFrom hundred and fifty years, the Lebanon state is broken in an old problem : the confessionalism. This one is present in all the state's institutions, among them, it choosed two : politic and education. The political confessionalism lies in the fact that each community, independently from the others hold the different powers, so the power of the state is extremely annihilated as it is difficult to distinguish between powers of each one. The educational confessionalism, as for it, results from the will of each community to assert its identity though its own school, for the unique mean to retain the power if you have it (or to reach it if you have'nt) is to shape the young men as community's sons rather than as nation's ones. But the educational confessionalism operates on relations between citizens: to know the confession of your partner becomes necessary for whatever communication: without that each project or experience will meet failure. Finally, with its closed characteristics, the political and educational confessionalism leads to as much institutional as mental fixity. That is one among the mean obstacles for any movement in Lebanese society, and one among the mean causes of the break-out of war
Al, Adhami Rima. "La confrontation entre les principes constitutionnels traditionnels et la formule confessionnelle libanaise." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10016.
Full textKayrouz, Charbel. "Fondements d'une formation : contribution à un projet pastoral pour le diocèse de Jubbat Bcharri, au nord du Liban." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20017.
Full textJubbat Bcharri is a Christian Maronite country in the North of Lebanon. Its history is tight to history of Maronite Church and to Lebanon. This thesis in practical theology is a reflection about the pastorale practice in the patriarchal diocese of Jubbat Bcharri. Its methodology is a "recherche-action" ("search-action"). The thought begins in the first part, with a whole sight about the Maronite Church, about Lebanon and about Jubbat Bcharri. The first part gives a description of the pastorale practice in Jubbat Bcharri and makes evident the necessity of a renovation and a actualness of this practice. Then, an analytical approach with all the ideas of the different human sciences composes the second part. The analytical approach carries away series of questions about how to actualize the pastorale practice in Jubbat Bcharri. An idea of pastoral formation in the frame of a whole pastoral project will do its way. .
Traboulsi, Fawwaz. "Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080847.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the effects of two forms of identification and solidarity, the sects and the classes, in the conflicts of contemporary lebanon. Succeeding to a section on methodology dealing with the concepts of sect, clientelism and class, is one which traces the emergence of the sectarian phenomenon, the formative phases of the lebanese entity and the ascent to power of the commercial-financial oligarchy. A chapter is devoted to the thought of michel chiha (1891-1954), leading ideologue of free trade and secterianism, another deals with the problematic of the state submitted to the "double bind" of sect and class, a third analyses the social crisis and the social movements on the eve of the war. The third and last section on the civil war analyses the projects of society of the protagonists, the "mafian" features of militian power and concludes with a survey of the mecanisms and rituals of violence. The conclusion, which highlights the explosive factor of class frustations imbedded in sectarian politics, poses a number of questions and challenges facing the process of peace, reconstruction, democracy and secularism in post-war lebanon
Nasr, Roula. "Les violences conjugales : étude comparative entre Liban, France et Canada." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20025/document.
Full textIf some forms of silence are today the center of attention, other forms such as conjugal violence remain unrevealed and are often considered as private problems. Men violence is affecting fundamental rights in particular the right of liberty and security. Conjugal violence, whatever its forms are, presents some constants. This type of violence is found in oriental and occidental societies but the context differs. If conjugal violence in oriental societies particularly in Lebanon reflects the patriarchy and the social reproduction and the family inheritance, it also shows that the law and the civil codes are in favor of men. The conjugal violence existing in the occidental societies are related to psychological affects and family separations and family problems. In all Middle – Eastern countries like Lebanon, women do not benefit completely from their civil citizenship. They are despoiled of rights, and privileges and security guarantee that they should have access to. Inequitable laws, discriminatory constitutions and cultural prejudice that doesn’t take the woman as an equal citizen, hinder their participation in politics and limit to the women’s economic security going from mobility to social welfare. Unlike the occidental context where the individual unites the base of the country like in France and Canada, family constitutes the base of Arab countries.They tend to confirm that conjugal violence like any form of violence escapes from any social nominations. This violence exists in all societies and even in the most favored regions. And it also exists in all social categories.A cross-cultural approach of this phenomenon is necessary. Factors such as religion or migration launch or justify such type of violence. Psychosocial analysis of several studies made about conjugal violence unveil the latent and the hidden secrets of violent men and abused women
Haddad, Simon. "Le soutien politique et les communautés religieuses dans le Liban d'aujourd'hui." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0026.
Full textAbou, Chacra Iffat. "Les relations inter-druzes (libano-syro-israe͏̈liennes)." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070047.
Full textThe study of the inter-druze relationships constitues a research on the nature of the links between the druze - which are a minority spread over three different countries of the middle east (Lebanon, Syria Israel). First we try to expose the foundations of the impenetrable druze doctrine, which is the basis of their culture and their society. Then we study and compare their social and political characteristics to show up their differences and their homogeneity. We note here that each group druze lives in a different state context : a confessional state in Lebanon, a sociealist state in Syria and a hebrew state in Israel. This study is trying to bring a tangible proof on the existence or the absence of the relationships and to define the different factors and conditions which favours their continuity or breakdown. Our study tries to be a reflexion on the consequences that consecrates the relationship between religion and politics as adopted by the minorities in the actual world
Ghoussoub, Dani Debard Thierry. "Le rôle du confessionnalisme dans la vie institutionnelle libanaise." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2008. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2007/ghoussoub_d.
Full textElawaar, Fadi. "Le Liban : de la société communautaire a l'Etat fédéral." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUEL028.
Full textThis thesis is connected with relationship between political principles and federalism in Lebanon. It demonstrates the possibility to take up a federal organisation as a basic for the political system of the Lebanon of tomorrow. However the biggest difficulty keeps in the socio-juridical structure of the Lebanese society. Indeed, religions communities base of the society constitutes the corner-stone of all juridical and political life and determined the society in all it's possible way. This look of the matter only shows the federalism of our institutions. To give a idea of a society where the class struggle to center itself to a conflict between the differents sorts of societies. It's behaviour will then, consist of analysing the imbrications and the overlapping of those two facts as much as the results of all consequences as much on the side of the methodistical point of view than the juridical one
Aubret, Camille. "Sur les chemins du public : travail journalistique et composition du commun au Liban." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0003.
Full textThis research focuses on the work of press journalists and forms of publicity in Lebanon, after 1990. I first identifty key moments of the building of the profession and I analyze, with pragmatic tools, the work of institutions (universities, trade-unions and newspapers) in charge of the definition of the profession. I analyse secondly a variety of political and confessional commitments of the journalists in their everyday work and wich produce specific types of links with the public. Last, I study forms of critics and argumentation specific to the Lebanese journalistic space
Sayah, Rita. "Les identités politiques et religieuses libanaises : Expression et censure des représentations." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20080.
Full textThe Lebanese political identities have often been linked to the existing religious identities. Lebanon has known in fact a number of civilizations and cultures, and has continuously been a place of political and religious tensions.From a methodological point of view, this thesis is based on readings and analysis of the press and the media, in addition to the literature of different artistic expressions. In the first section, the thesis focuses on the problematic. We present the multiple Lebanese political parties, their ideologies, their relationship with power and their history, especially after the Taef agreement (1989). We also study the political institutions and the political practices in Lebanon, as well as the multiple forms of political engagement. The thesis also tackles the important role of the traditional Lebanese families and the charisma of politicians. In the second section, we study the link between the political identities and the religious identities in the Lebanese public space. It focuses on the different kinds of relations that bound those two identities, in addition to the religious implications of wars. Also, this section analyses the geographical distribution of the political and religious identities in the country.In section number three, the thesis highlights the expressions of the political identities. It suggests an approach to the representation of these political identities in the media, in the fiction (literature, cinema, etc), in the songs and in fine arts. Finally, the last section focuses on the censorship, important concept in Lebanon, in the presence of a number of political and religious powers that influence the process of communication. We will define censorship, and focus on different kinds of censorship (political censorship, religious censorship, invisible censorship). We will also highlight the procedures and laws that lead to censorship, and the different ways followed by journalists and artists to face it
Harfouche, Rima. "La médiatisation des associations humanitaires au Liban : entre le politique et le religieux." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020052.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine media coverage of humanitarian organizations in Lebanon, based on the study of media productions of three organizations between 2009 and 2011. The first part highlights the evolution of humanitarian action, its objectives and its communication strategies. The art of rhetoric, image supremacy and human testimony contribute to the legitimization of the organization. The second part focuses on the means of rendering the association more visible. A thorough analysis of an association’s media productions reveals that the related framing put in place several processes to assert its identity, its mission and its religious and political engagement. The third part deals with different methods of the organizations’ attractions and their resonances within the written media. The study is conducted on the basis of visual, verbal and audio components of these media productions that trigger the mechanism of mirror neurons and identification with the victims. The analysis shows that the act of scenarizing humanitarian activities by the press causes a pathemisation of the public opinion resulting in the adherence to the association and to its political and religious beliefs
Sabeh, Mada. "Démocratie et religions au Proche-Orient : les cas du Liban, d'Israël, des Territoires palestiniens et de la Turquie." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H010/document.
Full textDoes a democratic pluralism exist, implying a democracy different from the "Western" standards? Based on a positive assumption, this is the question that we attempt to answer to in this research within a specific framework, namely the commonly contested alliance between democracy and religion. We have decided to study Middle-Eastern democracies with their specificities related to the narrow link that exists in those countries between politics and religion. The countries of the area that seemed, as of today, the most democratic to us are Lebanon, Israel (including a study of the Palestinian Territories) and Turkey. Based on the democratic principles of Equality and Liberty, also present in their respective constitutions, we have decided to look into the specificities of each country; such as being a confessional state for Lebanon, a Jewish state for Israel, a state without a state for the Palestinian Territories and a state being at the same time secular, Turkish and Islamic for Turkey. In each of these countries there are democratic flaws that we have highlighted, as well as positive evolutions. The Nationalism present in each of these countries is particularly pronounced according to the different communities to which one belongs, which leads the main ethnic to become a national identification, hence our ambitious choice to name these states ethnic democracies based on the ethnos (people's identification to a community). It is also because of this specificity that they encounter weaknesses towards the recognition of other identifications such as their respective minorities
Melhem, Ghassan. "Le développement économique et le rôle politique du confessionalisme au Liban." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10019.
Full textThe emergence of sectarianism in Lebanon is correlated with the particular development of capitalism in the Lebanese society, which seems different from the model of modernism in the Western and European society. This is how we can argue that the historical emergence of sectarian political formula was not a random or spontaneous phenomenon. It is clear that the institutionalization of sectarianism was the corollary of the deflection or deformation of capitalization and modernization; a sectarian system was established instead than the establishment of a modern state institution on the basis of the social contract that concretize national unity and social solidarity just like the contemporary European society. Thus, the penetration of Western capitalism and the articulation of the national economy into the world capitalist market embody Lebanon's position in the international economy as a peripheral area marginalizing its productive sectors. The commercial and banking bourgeoisie wins in the context of a rent economy by undertaking an intermediary function between West and East. This intermediate bourgeoisie controls the entire Lebanese system in coalition with the traditional aristocracy. It applies to restrict and stifle any form of syndicate or association mobility emanating from a struggle of social classes by creating confessional alignment and confrontation to which is due sectarianism that marks the historical track of the Lebanese public life and the "configuration" of the constitutional structure of the country
Moawad, Marie-Hélène. "Les Facteurs Explicatifs De La Consommation Ostentatoire Des Produits De Luxe - Le Cas Du Liban." Phd thesis, Paris 12, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413921.
Full textIn this thesis, we examine factors that appear to be related to the proness to conspicuously consume. After defining the conspicuous consumption construct we have conducted in-depth interviews as well as questionnaires in Lebanon in order to discover influences on this kind of consumption. The study especially focuses on the influence of religion, nouveaux riches, conformity to the norms of group, vanity, materialism and desire of uniqueness on the choices of products with varying degrees of conspicuousness. It appears on regards of the results that the conformity to the group norms is the most prominent factor that influences the tendency to conspicuously consume. The results provide a number of theoretical and managerial implications for the positioning and implementation of luxurious products in the Middle eastern regions and suggest new avenues for future research
Sfeir, Christiane. "Religion et géographie à Beyrouth : la construction d'un paysage sacralisé à la croisée des intérêts politiques et religieux." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040229.
Full textThis thesis aims to analyze the various strategies of religious and secular actors in their process of production of sacred spaces in Beirut, Lebanon. The eighteen Lebanese religious communities present in the country each mark Beirut’s urban landscape with religious symbols and signs that are also very often politically charged. Our assumption is that religious space cannot be limited to just religious buildings; in Beirut, it is expressed by taking over public spaces, transforming easily accessible secular loci into sacred space that imposes rules and specific codes of behaviour.In the city, religious events are expressed through spiritual, cultural, social and architectural venues. Beirut is a marked space with ideological symbols merging politics and religion with both leading to the sacred. The use of religion by the media working for political parties is a common practice for each and every community; thus, each quarter of the city is marked by a particular political ideology that reflects the religious identity of its inhabitants through specific codes and signs. They vary according to their position and time-frame. The religious affiliations of the majority of the inhabitants of a particular region impose religious codes that mark particular public spaces. This geography is rendered more complex by the particular religious calendars observed by each religion. Sacredness begins and ends on specific dates for each religion, producing specific spaces produced, recognized and used differently by the various segments of the city’s population. These would lead to confirm that the city is a cleaved space observable at all scales
Castaignède, Monique. "La régulation du partage du pouvoir politique au Liban : la logique communautaire dans le cadre des accords de Taëf." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0004/document.
Full textThis analysis of the socio-historical birth of political power in Lebanon, its own nature as well as its implementation, concerns the different ways of viewing democratically regulated conflicts in a multi-directionally and politically oriented plural society based on a historical agreement signed in 1943.There is a challenge to compromise East and West, a balance without obvious loser and winner.The difficult project of creating a consensus among a governmental coalition while respecting the Lebanese model of democracy required personal and group compromises without room for subsidiarity.While taking into consideration the segmentation, the need to do not overlap the contradiction of consensus and opposing ideas among politico-communitarian cleavages, this work aims at demonstrating that the accord of Taef followed by the after Doha, lead to a fragile consensus which weakens the stability of the country during the following political crisis.The Lebanese consociate system re-enforced by opening to a transcultural public space may show its capacity to evolve, mature, within the existing gap between the consensus institution proposed by the elite and the social pressure
Dabaj, Rana. "Les lycéens français et libanais aujourd'hui : étude comparée de la manière de vivre l'adolescence en France et au Liban, en relation avec la question des normes." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/dabaj_r.
Full textThe family, the juvenile society and the high school as socialization institutions have interiorized many types of norms into the life of the adolescent, of which ways of acting necessarily differ from one country to another, due to the influence of national or even country regional cultural backgrounds. From one side, we spot the norms imposed – on the French and Lebanese adolescents alike – by society, family and religion. Being reformulated, these norms are or might be purely or simply respected; however, they might become subject to slight changes or even, more serious deviations made by the adolescent group, which has still a full opportunity to create and to produce its own norms. What matters to us in this study, from the other side, are those special types of norms elaborated directly by the adolescents; these norms, which do not apparently have the characteristic of being imposed by external factors, but rather an endogenous characteristic special to the age group
Bou, Dagher Edmond. "La citoyenneté Libanaise aux prises avec les médias, nouveaux et traditionnels, face aux conflits religieux et communautaires ; une amplification ou une réduction des fractures ?" Thesis, Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0001.
Full textThe title of our thesis is: “The Lebanese citizenship grappling with the new and traditional Medias, facing religious and community conflicts; amplifications or reductions of fractures?” Our thesis in the first place is a question asked about multiculturalism which constitutes the Lebanese society, specifies it, and represents sociocultural and sociopolitical wealth which interests the Information and Communication Sciences. The Audiovisual and Electronic Media (Web Sites, Electronic Newspapers, Internet Blogs, etc.) will be the source likely to feed all these cultural, political, economic, ethnic and religious faces.Since a long time, the Lebanese politically confessional reality is more or less impregnated by the traditional Media, and recently the new Media or Web Sites.The Lebanese structure of citizenship would be based in priority on four fundamental conditions: Community, Media, Citizen and State. The Lebanese Citizen belongs by nature to a community in which he is bound to others by bonds of religion which gives the Lebanese a particular feeling of identity. Thereby, the religious community, always seeks to defend itself and to express itself in order to preserve its existence and its continuity, and this is done by the Media: each community has its own media, which is its spokesperson. Thus, the community mediatized with all its rites and political-community convictions occupy the forefront of Lebanese concerns. While the principles of citizenships and state for a large number of Lebanese occupy the secondary rank.It is in this area that we will analyze during our research the contemporary face of public opinion possibly enlightened by the new technology of communication, the opinion mediatized as well as the politico-social vision presented by the daily newspapers
El-Awit, Adwan Jehane. "L'action politique et diplomatique du siège maronite de Bkerké sous la patriarcat de Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0017.
Full textThe current political and diplomatic action of the Maronite patriarch falls within the framework of a century's old tradition. This action is undertaken to serve a national cause throughout transnational resources. The Maronite patriarch relies on the one hand upon the recognition of his status on the national level to legitimate his action on the international level and invests on the other hand his diplomatic relations to the benefit of the cause he defends. Albeit this diplomacy falls under the non-state action of transnational actors, its specificity lies in the reinforcement not in the weakening of the State of Lebanon, namely through reestablishing its sovereignty, independence and freedom of decision. The study of this action rises the complicated and critical issue of the evaluation of its efficiency. All theses issues are tackled within the wider framework of the relationship between religion and politics
Hocek, Anne-Rose. "Territoires et religions en contacts : la colonie romaine de Berytus, de sa fondation au IIIe siècle de notre ère." Paris, EPHE, 2012. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01552363.
Full textThe Roman colony Berytus, founded by Augustus under the name Colonia Augusta Felix Berytus, took over from a city of the Phoenician coast. This colonial founding, however, was also accompanied by an in-deph modification of the civic territory, which from then on crossed Mount Lebanon. A consequence of this extension was the integration of the heliopolis sanctuary into the public religion of the new colony. Added to the traditional cohabitation between the indigenous population and the colons, in a colony in which Roman veterans were also settled, was the unprecedented coming into contact of the Greco-Phoenician wolrd and the Beqaa valley. My topic bears on these mixed contacts, both human and territorial, by privileging the religious lens. The religions that came into contact here stemmed from different traditions, including those of the colons from Rome and Italy, whose descendents were always more or less 'connected' to the metropole, that of the Hellenized coastal populations who inherited cultural traits specific to phoenician space, and that of the populations of the interior who were at the crossraods of influences. I privilege three places of contact. First, the administrative center, in which the colonial authorities elaborated a new civic ideology; then, the extra-urban sanctuary of Deir el-Qaala, which was the place of a new cohabitation; and lastly, the religious landscape of Beqaa, which revolved around the great sanctuary of Heliopolis. In particular, the aim is to analyze the Heliopolitan cult in its colonial context, both juridical and territorial, and to revisit the question of the 'Heliopolitan triad' as viewed from Berytus
Baltahji, Ahmad. "La dévolution ab intestat de la succession : étude comparée des droits français et libanais." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV065.
Full textFrance is a lay country. Thus its laws governing system of estates upon death are ruled by the principle of identity. Such laws apply to all French nationals irrespective of sex and religion. On the contrary, Lebanon is a multi-religious country. As regards matters relating to transmission of property upon death, the lebanese are governed by their religious and civil laws. For a Lebanese Moslem such rules are comprised in the Koran. Christian and Jewish Lebanese are subject to a lay legal system which sprang from French civil code. As a result, the principle of equality- of all before the law- warranted by the Lebanese constitution-is far from respected. For a long while now, French law has been a source of inspiration for Lebanese law. For exemple, the Lebanese contracts and debts code which resulted from the work of Dean JOSSERAND, the said code being still law in Lebanon. This being so, how can the Lebanese law maker modernise and reform the religious laws to bring them in line with the other laws of the country ? Would the elaboration of a unified Lebanese law of transmission of property upon death in the light of French law be feasible ?
Lassalle-Gharios, Jocelyne. "La rencontre de l'enfant libanais avec le livre : entre littérature pour la jeunesse française et francophone." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0006/document.
Full textDespite speaking Arabic as their mother tongue, it is French that children mostly read, obviously because French is - for the majority of them - the medium of instruction. However, Lebanese publishers of French-speaking books offer a very narrow selection, hence the children’s turning to French novels whom they are not the first recipients. But how do these children receive such novels? It would be difficult for them to identify with these modernity-oriented-books that portray the social reality of a world that is not theirs. This threefold-thesis first provides insight into a number of specific cultural, linguistic and educational constituents of the Lebanese identity. And to better understand the relationship between children and reading, the first part presents the productions of French-speaking publishers of youth novels, along with public, private and other community facilities that organize “book encounters”.The second part studies the Lebanese children’s reception of the paratext and the incipit of a corpus of French novels written for the 8/11 year olds. This analysis explains the strategies of appeal favored by French publishers and authors.The third part describes the editorial production and specific writing style of Lebanese French-speaking fiction intended for the school market. The fictional approach of some social representations in French and Lebanese French-speaking books is then tackled, such as parenting, education, death and war in Lebanon- themed novels
Joseph, Omran. "L'interaction avec la réalité : de la fiction littéraire à l'être-au-monde L'Enfant du Liban de Mansour Labaki ; L'Aveugle de la cathédrale de Farjallah Haïk ; Khamsin de Jocelyne Awad." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842009.
Full textGade, Tine. "From genesis to disintegration : the crisis of the political- religious field in Tripoli, Lebanon (1967-2011)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0049.
Full textAfter the assassination of Rafiq Hariri (14 February 2005) and the Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon (April 2005), Hariri’s son, Sa‘d, attempted to federate a national Sunni political public mobilised against Syria, Hizbullah, and Iran. The study argues that Hariri failed to mobilize the different components of Tripoli’s political field over time. Why were Hariri and Future not successful in mobilising the anti-Syrian potential in North Lebanon? Attempting to answer this question, the study uses the notion of a political public elaborated by John Dewey (1859-1952). A public is a collective of individuals united in political action through a perception of common interests. The dissertation begins in 1967 and ends in 2011, with a Post-Script on the dynamics after 2011. It is divided in three parts. The first analyses the local dynamics in Tripoli between 1967 and 1985. The second part dissects the decomposition of Tripoli’s political field and the rise of Salafism during the period of pax syriana in Tripoli (1985-2005). The third part investigates Hariri’s attempt to create a political public and the competition from Tripoli’s Salafis, after 2005. The main argument is that three types of obstacles made Hariri’s public very likely to fail. The first was the Syrian bureaucratic obstacles, in other words, Syrian prior governmentality of Sunnism in Tripoli in the 1976-2005 period. The second obstacle was Arab nationalism’s loss of impetus after the mid-1980s and the fact that Sunni leaders often lacked a militant cause, for which followers were willing to risk their lives. The third obstacle was the presence of Salafism as a transnational, religious counter-public
Moukalled, Hassan. "La population beyrouthine entre deux guerres et deux paix (coexistence et changements interconfessionnels 1970-2008)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010529.
Full textYaghi, El Zein Mayssam. "Femmes et communautés dans les littératures narratives contemporaines au Liban et en Syrie." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30019.
Full textLebanon and Syria are both known for their diversity and multicultural heritage. As literature reflects societies, contemporary literatures in Lebanon and Syria are deeply impacted by communitarianism and multiculturalism that model different representations of women and determine their life and experience. This study aims to represent women in all their diversity and to explore the historical and cultural dimensions of their environment. The panel of works that we’ve selected in both countries will highlight the variety of representations and characters that are closely related to communities. By portraying frustrations, transgressions and actions, authors introduce us through literature to some closed environments where women are most likely represented as the voice of opposition to the social group
Weber, Anne Françoise. ""On peut dialoguer sans vivre ensemble et vivre ensemble sans dialoguer" : relations interreligieuses et construction d'une unité nationale au LIban." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0060.
Full textIn Lebanon sectarian affiliation plays an important political and social role. This study analyses how interreligious relations contribute to the construction of national unity in this civil-war-torn country. Interviews and a discourse analysis are conducted on two topics : Muslim-Christian dialogue and the experiences of bi-religious families. National dialogue aims at the establishment of a civil religion based on religious plurality and its management through the system of political sectarianism. The bi-religious families experience the intercommunitarian frontiers; they develop different strategies facing the rejection by their environment and facing their double religious adherence. The study of three socio-political debates (concerning the system of political sectarianisme, civil marriage and religious relations and national unity : the logic of collective diffrence and the logic of mixture
Obeid, Nada. "Régime juridique du divorce : causes et conséquences, réforme du droit libanais à la lumière du droit français." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G012.
Full textLebanon is known for its original and specific system relevant to its history and the Lebanese society is a pluralistic society made up of different communities, each having its own traditions, beliefs and organization. This pluralism permeates the various structures of the State, based on the balance of representation of communities. It also reflects on its legal system, which seeks to preserve the communities’ identities, mainly in matters of personal status where the traditional powers of the religious authorities are recognized by the State and ensured by civil effectiveness. However, religious pluralism and the prevalence of the religious in terms of civil status are considered "as an anachronism, as a brake retarding the growth of the State and the realization of the unity of the Nation". Thus, for the same cause and for the same reasons, the inhabitants of the same country, Lebanon, are judged differently, and sometimes in a contradictory manner as well, for the sole fact that they belong to such a religion and not to another. In marriage law, divorce, for the same reasons, may be legitimately granted to some and legitimately denied to others. Moreover, "based on truths often revealed, religious rights would be incapable of conveying the reforms that modern society calls for", in particular the liberalization of the right of divorce which explicitly retains only divorce-sanction and implicitly divorce-remedy due to illness only. The confrontation of the family rights of the divorce - Lebanese and French - will make it possible to highlight the differences which oppose them and the principles that underlie them and to see in what sense and to what extent a reform of the Lebanese law of the divorce is possible in the light of the French law of divorce, the civil law which has liberalized the conception of divorce
Ghossain, Anne-marie. "La construction identitaire de l’homme violent." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20081.
Full textThis qualitative and exploratory research is about the construction of the identity of the violent married man in Lebanon. It is based on different sources, the violent man, the battered woman discourse (biography, court records, and questionnaires) and the discourse of non-violent resource-person. The construction of the identity of the violent man in Lebanon is related to the patriarchal system which is strongly anchored in the culture, institution and life of the Lebanese. In this environment man evolves into three prototypes:- The masculine: dominant, protector, provider, aggressive.- The feminine: submissive, housewife, available, soft.- The couple: the clamping of the two other prototypes in one complementary sexist relationship.The masculine violence can reflect the man’s place in the couple (symbolic violence, spontaneous violence), and can also show the willingness to conserve the patriarchal order in the family because every evolution of prototypes especially the women’s role is felt by man as a threat against his masculinity (interaction violence). Violence is accentuated because Lebanon is a society under stress, which permanently distorts the masculine image. The identity trajectory of the Lebanese violent man shows that he has an authoritarian and severe father figure, or a feeble one. His mother can be overbearing, absent or ambivalent. Concerning the couple, the violent man searches for the fusional couple because it reflects perfectly the sexist patriarchal complementarity. The Lebanese social patriarchal order is in perpetual reproduction generating sexist man ready to become violent. The woman is surrounded by violence, and shame feeling of being a battered woman and/or divorced woman, and because of the others that are sexist: parents, friends, society institutions and concerned responsible. The struggle against violence can only be total: it must be against violence, gender inequality and against patriarchal society
Saleh, Salah. "La compréhension du comportement du consommateur des objets de luxe : le cas du consommateur libanais de la classe moyenne supérieure." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB172.
Full textThis study explores and analyses the factors involved in the act of consumption of luxury goods of the upper middle-class consumers through a case study on Lebanon. Based on the consumer's behaviour as well as the economic and social constraints he faces, we will try to define the social determinants of luxury goods consumption. What are the banners? What are the factors pushing the upper-middle class to buy such goods? This study aims to understand the behavior of buyers in a specific area - Lebanon - which is geopolitically, economically and socially unstable. After many civil wars and constant tensions between different religious groups, the country is facing a delicate problem. For example, due to social pressure executed by the society of his religious group, the consumer finds himself obligated to buy from shops owned by people of his religious group. If not, he will be considered as a traitor. Religious conflicts and the rise of extremism are at the heart of this problem. Extremist groups call on their followers to boycott products from many European countries. Consumers, meanwhile, are at the heart of tensions from several constraints It has been for more than a year now that Lebanon is without a president. Political parties, like the militias, are at the head of the political system that favors cronyism. This system was installed due to the disappearance of the state power and highlights the role of luxury goods as "gifts" in exchange of all kinds of services and improved social status. The objective of this study is to show how these "gifts" in general, and mainly luxury goods, were involved in the cohesion and the establishment of an identity of a specific group of the Lebanese population. Each individual trying to build - or rebuild - their social identity, is also trying to secure this identity in a totally unstable environment, especially when the legal government and the parliament are unable to guarantee this stability. Therefore, the social actor is trying to find new strategies to ensure some peace everyday. Individuals of a certain social environment feel threatened by their environment but also by other socio-religious environments: Maronites, Shiites, Sunnis, etc. They are afraid for their children, their relatives but also their material properties: retail, housing ... They must find a way to provide certainty about the various threats. It is in this context that luxury gifts intervene and reduce uncertainty both to insecurity and the various threats
Rappolt, Axel. "Les armes aussi bien des milices locales que des contingents étrangers n'apportent aucune solution aux problèmes intérieurs du Liban de 1975 à 1986 : vers une solution fédérale de type onusien d'états typiquement ethniques." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010302.
Full textKassir, Alexandra. "« Le droit d’exister ». Étude sur l’engagement anti-confessionnalisme dans le Liban d’après-guerre." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0077.
Full textThe confessional model is often deemed as the only viable system of governance in Lebanon, despite its many drawbacks. This empirical study seeks to question its possible transformation from below, through an in-depth investigation of the anti-sectarian wave of mobilizations in post-war Lebanon. It traces the development of these protests that have been overlooked for a long time and investigates their capacity to change. To examine these youth-led grassroots efforts operating outside the realm of conventional politics, this study draws on several qualitative methods (narrative and semi-structured interviews, a participant observation and a sociological intervention) and adopts a participatory approach that relies on the activists’ self-analysis of their action. This study sheds the light on a “movement in movement” structured around democratic aspirations. It reveals how the activists advocate for a model of secularism based on recognition, driven by the desire to exist as subjects endowed with universal rights. It shows that religious and cultural diversity are not per se a source of conflict and reveals how anti-sectarian activists open breaches in the sectarian system and pave the way towards a more democratic state, despite the massive challenges they are confronted to
Ouba, Charbel. "Le rôle des chefs d’établissement scolaire catholique dans un milieu islamo-chrétien au Liban." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0022.
Full textTo study the educational system or pedagogy in Lebanon imposes a differentiation of what can be written in France, Canada or in other countries of the Western or eastern world. Lebanese society is indeed a pluralistic society on both political and religious levels. In Lebanon two great religions co-exist, Christianity and Islam. This coexistence within one country implies something different from the history of relations between the two great religions, two conceptions of man and two different cultures. One finds full expression in the Judeo-Christian civilization and the other in the Muslim civilization. Therefore, religious education is of major importance for Catholic schools in Lebanon that host non-Catholic students with a percentage of 40% and is managed by a majority of religious leaders (90%).Do the status of the head-teacher, whether religious or secular, his role, his leadership style and his educational missions, educational and missionary play a role and which one in motivating parents of Muslim students who enrol their children in Catholic schools in Lebanon?The specificity of this research is to characterize the roles and missions of the Catholic head-teacher in a Muslim-Christian environment and whether the leadership provided by a religious head-teacher differs from that provided by a layman for the different actors of the system. That is why we formulated the problem of our research as such: In a Muslim-Christian environment, what kind of school head allows the Catholic school in Lebanon to achieve its educational, pedagogical and missionary goals, with respect to the freedom of conscience of students and families?A field survey has been conducted through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with heads of Catholic, religious and laic schools, deputy heads, teachers, parents, Christians and Muslims, and Muslim students. Prospects for the future have been made regarding religious education and education to values provided in the ECL as well as the training and professionalization of future school heads as part of their recruitment
Gourrada, Raphaël. "Agir en système pour conserver l'ordre social : le positionnement politique des élites religieuses au Liban." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH179.
Full textThis work aims at approaching politics in Lebanon in its praxis by questioning the actions of a specific category of actors : the Lebanese institutionalized religious elites. Addressing their political positioning means examining to what extend the confessional boarders can be transcended in order to reach a common goal : preserving the current social order.First, it is thus necessary to question the resources available to these actors in order to establish and legitimate their involvement in the political field. These resources take roots in a historical heritage, which varies from one community to the other, but take place in a structural and legal framework, which tends to harmonize the positional practices and to allow to the institutionalized bodies the means to frame the Lebanese society. The charismatic resources, which vary from one leader to the other, are not to be laid aside.This study of the positional practices involves not only to lay eyes on the vectors carrying the discourses, but also to observe the temporality and the frequency in which said discourses fit. This political discourse is characterized by a blatant uniformity in both rhetoric and vocabulary used by the dominants. Advocating for a cause, thus linked to the very identity of the group, shaping the communication strategies, but also preserving a necessary balance with the political field, in terms of proximity, are so many norms that determine the legitimacy of the produced discourse.This positioning is not without posing some challenges for the institutionalized religious actors who have to deal with the competition of outsiders who offer a less uniform, and thus more attractive discourse, but also with the potential divisions within the religious field, and the oppositions with the political actors. Dealing with these potential competitions implies a common, joint or concomitant action, in system, in order to produce a discourse by the elites and for the elites, promoting the safekeeping of the social order.By avoiding the communitarian and clientelistic reading grids through the observation of the positioning of specific actors who mainly possess symbolic capitals, we are led to shape the constitution of a new field of the conservative elites, gathering not only the religious actors but also a part of the political ones working in order to preserve the social order
ABBOUD, JOSEPH. "Kamal Joumblatt et le parti socialiste progressiste libanais." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10001.
Full textKamal joumblatt, a druse leader, tried to conciliate politics and mystique. As a westernized oriental, he adhered to the idea of evolution and to socialism. With a view to transforming society according to his convictions and to transcending its contradictions in the fields of religion, socio-politics and economics, he founded the socialist party in 1949. But the founder soon began yielding to the rules of the lebanese political game and was unable to get rid of his inheritance. The paty turned into a community-party characterized by autocracy and personalization. It was unable to implement socialization and homogenization and to promote national unity. Failing to carry out its initial mission, it became the main protagonist of the national dualism underlying confessional dualism. Kamal joumblatt's endeavour to unify the lebanese and modernize socio-political institutions was of no avail
Alagha, Joseph Elie. "The shifts in Hizbullah's ideology : religious ideology, political ideology, and political program /." Leiden : Amsterdam : ISIM ; Amsterdam University Press, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0701/2007358448-b.html.
Full textLteif, Carine. "L’agriculture de la région beyrouthine au prisme des terres waqf (Liban) : une géographie foncière des logiques agricoles." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30006/document.
Full textIn the Mediterranean countries, agriculture linked to city knows various dynamics, between renewal and decline. In Lebanon, agriculture extends over small surface areas and is limited by steep terrain. Moreover, the country suffers from weak planning policies that do not address its agriculture, especially that found in urban contexts. Yet, agriculture persists in the city. In this thesis, we explore agriculture linked to the city in the light of a right that is specific to the Arab region, the waqf. We depart from the following hypothesis: waqf properties allow to maintain, if not to develop, agriculture related to the city. Adopting a multiscale approach, we examine agriculture on waqf at the level of sites, as well as production units, and draw a geography, rather a land geography based on agricultural actors’ logic or logiques agricoles in french.According to our results, waqf lands are quite present in the Beirut region. Agricultural waqf are more resilient- than private lands- to urbanization, especially when found on convent sites located in the peri-urban area of Beirut. If the objective underlying the constitution of a waqf is the immobilization of goods for usages generating revenues for pious actions, still we can distinguish different types of waqf: family, charitable but also religious waqf, especially Christian religious waqf, whose income is used to support the servants of the Church and the fulfillment of religious actions. Management of community waqf, abundant in the study area, differs among religious communities: it is centralized among Greek-orthodox, Sunnis and Catholics in the case of church waqf, and decentralized among Shiites and Catholics in the case of convent waqf. If agricultural leasing and sharecropping are possible on waqf lands, they are ruled by contracts extending over 3, 6, 9 years among Catholics, and varying according to the agricultural project among the Orthodox, which grants a greater land security than which found on private lands (annually renewed contracts). Various agricultural forms can be found on waqf: market gardening, fruit trees, breeding and processing (direct tenure by clergymen) but also hydroponics, nurseries and special crops (indirect tenure of lands, leasing), whereas on private lands we find market gardening and more and more nurseries. Identified agricultural logics show a revival of agriculture on waqf lands borrowing different trajectories and maintaining various links to the city.Finally, the waqf, despite their social vocation, do not appear as commons nor as private properties. They are rather driven by their own communitarian logic