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Maharajh, Hari D., and Petal S. Abdool. "Cultural Aspects of Suicide." Scientific World JOURNAL 5 (2005): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.88.
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Undefined cultural factors cannot be dismissed and significantly contribute to the worldwide incidence of death by suicide. Culture is an all embracing term and defines the relationship of an individual to his environment. This study seeks to investigate the effect of culture on suicide both regionally and internationally. Culture-bound syndrome with suicidal behaviours specific to a particular culture or geographical region are discussed. Opinions are divided as to the status of religious martyrs. The law itself is silent on many aspects of suicidal behaviour and despite decriminalization of suicide as self-murder, the latter remains on the statutes of many developing countries. The Caribbean region is of concern due to its steady rise in mean suicide rate, especially in Trinidad and Tobago where socio-cultural factors are instrumental in influencing suicidal behaviour. These include transgenerational cultural conflicts, psycho-social problems, media exposure, unemployment, social distress, religion and family structure. The methods used are attributed to accessibility and lethality. Ingestion of poisonous substances is most popular followed by hanging. The gender differences seen with regard to suicidality can also be attributed to gender related psychopathology and psychosocial differences in help-seeking behaviour. These are influenced by the cultural environment to which the individual is exposed. Culture provides coping strategies to individuals; as civilization advances many of these coping mechanisms are lost unclothing the genetic predisposition of vulnerable groups. In the management of suicidal behaviour, a system of therapeutic re-culturation is needed with an emphasis on relevant culture- based therapies.
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Jacobs, Janet L., Rebecca Moore, and Fielding McGehee. "New Religious Movements, Mass Suicide, and People's Temple." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 29, no. 2 (June 1990): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1387442.
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Wright, Stuart A. "Revisiting the Branch Davidian Mass Suicide Debate." Nova Religio 13, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2009.13.2.4.
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This paper revisits the controversy, recently revived by British religious studies scholar, Kenneth C. G. Newport, that the Branch Davidians had a theological rationale for mass suicide and likely set fire to their own home. Newport couples the theological argument with assertions of "unassailable evidence" regarding the government's reports as if no alternative explanation is plausible. The paper challenges Newport's claim to the "unassailable evidence" found in government reports. Despite his largely uncritical acceptance of the official version of events, the reliability of the government's case is hampered in a number of ways. These include, among other things: false or misleading statements by federal officials; lost, mishandled, and/or concealed evidence; an independent arson report that challenges the government's conclusions; the suppression of evidence through extensive redaction and the use of procedural rulings; and exclusion of evidence in the federal civil trial. I also contend that the tragic déénouement at Waco has to be viewed in the cultural context in which it emerged. Waco came to symbolize a deep political divide during a period of growing fears about "big government" and broad swaths of antigovernment sentiment, and, as such, served as a proxy for culture war battles in the early-to-mid 1990s. When examined against the backdrop of these disturbing machinations and conditions, the evidence supporting mass suicide at Mount Carmel is hardly unassailable.
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Robbins, Thomas. "Religious Mass Suicide before Jonestown: The Russian Old Believers." Sociological Analysis 47, no. 1 (1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711273.
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Clare, Anthony W., and Janette Tyrrell. "Psychiatric aspects of abortion." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 1994): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012428.
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AbstractObjective: To examine the evidence concerning the psychological consequences of abortion, the risk of suicide in pregnancy and the psychological consequences for the mother and the child in cases of refused abortion. Method: An extensive literature search was undertaken and key relevant papers were examined and analysed. Results: Legal abortion has become more widely available throughout the western world and the actual reported incidence of cases of refused abortion is low. The majority of studies indicate that the psychological consequences of abortion itself are in the main mild and transient but there is evidence that women who have strong religious or cultural attitudes negative to abortion do experience high levels of psychological stress following abortion. The risk of suicide is low in pregnancy and suicide is a rare outcome of refused abortion. There is evidence of psychological and social difficulties experienced by mothers of unwanted pregnancies forced to proceed to term and by many offspring of such unwanted pregnancies. Conclusions: Definitive conclusions are difficult to draw from the published studies of refused abortion and many studies are over thirty years old.
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Cortés-Cuadra1, Juan-Vicente. "Le suicide de Sénèque chez Spinoza." Articles spéciaux 74, no. 1 (November 5, 2018): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1053560ar.
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Cet article propose un examen de l’exemple du suicide de Sénèque dont Spinoza se sert pour rendre compte du type de causalité à l’oeuvre dans le suicide (E IV P 20 S). S’agissant toujours, d’après Spinoza, d’une causalité externe, celui qui se suicide est un « impuissant d’âme » qui a été « vaincu » par une cause plus forte et contraire à sa nature (E IV P 18 S). Toutefois, le cas de Sénèque met en cause cette généralisation puisque le sage stoïcien semble se conduire rationnellement et être pris dans un rapport politique d’obéissance dont il ne peut se défaire. Ainsi, il semble bien être à l’opposé de l’impuissance. Enfin, nous essaierons de montrer quelle peut être une position proprement spinoziste face à quelques-uns des aspects de la question du suicide.
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Gielen, Joris, Stef van den Branden, and Bert Broeckaert. "Religion and Nurses' Attitudes To Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 3 (May 2009): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009102692.
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In this review of empirical studies we aimed to assess the influence of religion and world view on nurses' attitudes towards euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. We searched PubMed for articles published before August 2008 using combinations of search terms. Most identified studies showed a clear relationship between religion or world view and nurses' attitudes towards euthanasia or physician assisted suicide. Differences in attitude were found to be influenced by religious or ideological affiliation, observance of religious practices, religious doctrines, and personal importance attributed to religion or world view. Nevertheless, a coherent comparative interpretation of the results of the identified studies was difficult. We concluded that no study has so far exhaustively investigated the relationship between religion or world view and nurses' attitudes towards euthanasia or physician assisted suicide and that further research is required.
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Arya, Vikas, Andrew Page, Rakhi Dandona, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Peter Mayer, and Gregory Armstrong. "The Geographic Heterogeneity of Suicide Rates in India by Religion, Caste, Tribe, and Other Backward Classes." Crisis 40, no. 5 (September 2019): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000574.
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Abstract. Background: Caste, tribal, and religious associations, which are perhaps the most important aspects of personal and social lives in India, have been neglected in Indian suicide research. Aim: To investigate suicide rates in India by religion, caste, tribe, and other backward classes over the period 2014–2015. Method: This study acquired unpublished suicide data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2014 and 2015 including caste, tribal, and religious associations of suicide cases. National and state-specific suicide rates (2014–2015) were then calculated for Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, and other religious groups and for scheduled caste (SC), scheduled tribe (ST), and other backward classes (OBC). Results: The findings show higher suicide rates among Christian and other religious groups compared with Hindus and higher suicide rates among general populations compared with SC, ST, and OBC populations. However, the results varied among different regions highlighting the substantial geographical heterogeneity of suicide rates across India by caste and religion. Limitations: The suicide rates presented might be an underestimation of the true rates. Conclusion: Given the heterogeneity of minority/majority status by religion, caste, tribes, and OBC in different states, further investigation of the relationship between minority status and suicide is warranted.
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Hartung, Beth, Rebecca Moore, and Fielding McGehee. "New Religious Movements, Mass Suicide and Peoples Temple: Scholarly Perspectives on a Tragedy." Sociological Analysis 51, no. 3 (1990): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711185.
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Bezchasniy, K. V. "Social and ethical aspects of suicide in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy «Anna Karenina» (Part 1)." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2018-3-97-105.
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L.N. Tolstoy’s views of understanding of essence of a matter of life and death, because of the religious and philosophical discrepancies concerning suicide discussed in the Russian society of the middle of the 19th century. The atmosphere and a political situation in the country promoted formation of a «positive» image of the suicide and promotion of act of terrorism as kinds of a suicide. Tragic events in parental family of the writer were an incitement to reflections about life values which have formed the basis of the novel «Anna Karenina».
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Bezchasniy, K. V. "Social and ethical aspects of suicide in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy «Anna Karenina» Part 2." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2019-1-109-114.
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L.N. Tolstoy’s views of understanding of essence of a matter of life and death, because of the religious and philosophical discrepancies concerning suicide discussed in the Russian society of the middle of the 19th century are covered in article. The atmosphere and a political situation in the country promoted formation of a «positive» image of the suicide and promotion of act of terrorism as kinds of a suicide. Tragic events in parental family of the writer were an incitement to reflections about life values which have formed the basis of the novel «Anna Karenina».
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Mashiach, Amir. "The Ethos of Masada in Halakhic Literature." Review of Rabbinic Judaism 19, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700704-12341293.
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Josephus Flavius is the only source on the rebellion of Masada and the heroic mass suicide at its end. This tragic event was not mentioned in the Halakhic literature. Chazal, rabbinic sages, who lived at that time, didn’t mention it and one should wonder why. The common explanation is that Chazal were against committing suicide and did not want to raise the issue in a heroic context. However, thorough review of the rabbinic literature shows that Chazal did not have a problem with suicide. It all depended on the reason: suicide for religious principle was considered a positive and heroic act. But suicide due to a national principle was considered a negative act that shouldn’t be mentioned. That is why the events of Masada and Gamla are not mentioned in Chazal’s literature. This conception of ignoring the event of Masada in the Halakhic literature even in discussions about committing suicide has changed in the twentieth century.
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Reeh, Tine, and Ralf Hemmingsen. "Common Sense, No Magic: A Case Study of Female Child Murderers in the Eighteenth Century." 1700-tal: Nordic Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 15 (July 21, 2018): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/4.4485.
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This article presents the results of a psychiatric and church-historical analysis of the substantial court records from 21 cases of female child murderers in eighteenth-century Denmark-Norway. We investigated, first, the appearance of mental aspects in the cases and if they allowed for a retrospective clinical hypothesis regarding the mental state of the offender. Second, traces of theological or religious elements and third, trends or developments in the cases from 1697–1758 were considered. After an introduction to the legal framework, we present six cases with mental aspects, comprising existential death wish, depression, acute stress disorder, polymorphic psychosis, psychotic state and personality disorder to illustrate findings regarding the murderers’ mental states. Religious elements and developments proved hard to find. The results of the analysis point to social and mental rather than religious causative factors for the murders. To some degree they resemble present-day “suicide by cop” or homicides committed by mentally ill persons. This calls for a modification of the theory of so-called suicide murders and a religious or particularly Lutheran component in this regard. The in-depth analysis indicates that court procedures were perfectly commonsense and included mental aspects but seldom religion – and no magic.
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Domino, George, Sushila Niles, and Sunita Devi Raj. "Attitudes toward Suicide: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Singaporean and Australian University Students." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 28, no. 2 (March 1994): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/menk-8y8p-9tuj-44cy.
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The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ), a measure of attitudes toward suicide, was administered to two samples of university students, one from Singapore ( n = 100) and one from Australia ( n = 82). Of the fifteen SOQ factors, ten showed statistically significant mean differences, with Singaporean students endorsing greater disagreement on the factors of Acceptability and Demographic aspects, and Australian students endorsing greater disagreement on the factors of Suicide as semiserious, Religion, Lethality, Normality, Irreversibility, Aging, Individual Aspects, and Sensation seeking. A regression analysis of the SOQ factors as related to self-reported religiosity indicated that for the Singaporean students religious attendance was related to the SOQ factors of Acceptability, Mental and Moral Illness, and Lethality, while self-reported degree of religiosity was related to the SOQ factor of Religion. For the Australian students degree of religiosity was related to the SOQ factors of Acceptability, Mental and Moral Illness, and Religion.
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Cohen, Cynthia B. "Christian Perspectives on Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: The Anglican Tradition." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, no. 4 (1996): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1996.tb01881.x.
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We have always had the ability to commit suicide or request euthanasia in times of serious illness. Yet these acts have been prohibited by the Christian tradition from early times. Some Christians, as they see relatives and friends kept alive too long and in poor condition through the use of current medical powers, however, are beginning to question that tradition. Are assisted suicide and euthanasia compassionate Christian responses to those in pain and suffering who face death? Or are they ways of isolating and abandoning them, of fleeing from Christian compassion, rather than expressing it?The Committee on Medical Ethics of the Episcopal Diocese of Washington recently issued a report addressing assisted suicide and euthanasia. These matters cry out for religious contributions and perspectives, the Committee believes. The group recognizes that religious voices should not determine public policy, but believes they should be heard as we develop a social consensus about assisted suicide and euthanasia.
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Dlinna, T. "Some ethnopsychological aspects of Ukrainian religiosity." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 3 (November 5, 1996): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1996.3.55.
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Slavdom in general, and Ukrainians in particular, their researchers refer to the "religious tribe". This means that religiousness has become an inalienable feature of Ukrainian spirituality, which, in its turn, is one of the main sources of Ukrainian religiosity. Therefore, in order to study the traditional religiosity of Ukrainians and to study the modern mass religious consciousness of the Ukrainian people, it is necessary to take into account the features of Ukrainian ethnopsychology.
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Halim, Abd, and Abdul Mujib Adnan. "Problematika Hukum dan Ideologi Islam Radikal [Studi Bom Bunuh Diri Surabaya]." Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jua.v2i1.3572.
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Radicalism in Islam is part of a socio-religious phenomenon that cannot be separated from many aspects. Besides economic and political interests, Radicalism in Islam can also be seen from the legal and ideological aspects. The law forms ideology, and the culmination of it is extremist action, including terrorism. Suicide bombings in Surabaya (2018) are part of the chain of� extremist action and terrorism. Understanding bombing cases like in Surabaya, is not enough to be seen from the outward aspects only but also the basic foundation for forming the awareness of the perpetrators. This paper uses the theory of social action from Pierre F. Bourdieu, to read how values are internalized into oneself and then externalized into suicides, as well as to map the domains and capital owned. This socio-political research proves that acts of terror, including suicide bombings, are actualizations of complex ideological symbolism. Therefore, terrorism is part of space competition, both the space for religious interpretation, the physical space for action, and the human space for image and evaluation. The justification of terrorism is supported by a set of legal and theological arguments, as well as terrorism action also have legal and theological tools
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Gordon, Harvey. "The ‘suicide’ bomber: is it a psychiatric phenomenon?" Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2002): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.8.285.
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Although there is an association between suicide and suicidal behaviour and homicide and violence to others (van Praag, 2000), few, if any, major texts on suicide comment on the phenomenon of the ‘suicide’ bomber. However, the events in the USA of what Americans have now come to call ‘9/11’, have left an enduring traumatic memory throughout the world. On the morning of 11 September 2001 four aeroplanes were hijacked and transformed from a means of mass transportation to a means of terror and destruction, killing a total of 233 passengers, 33 crew members and some 3000 people on the ground in the USA (Alexander & Swetnam, 2001). It is not clear whether all of the hijackers knew that they were on a ‘suicide’ mission because in only six cases were ‘suicide’ notes found (Jenkins, 2001). Indeed, the term ‘suicide bombers' may be misleading because the main objective seems to have been not suicide but mass homicide, albeit carried out by means of self-destruction designed to inflict lethal harm on others. Those who planned and perpetrated the acts of 11 September 2001 would not conceptualise the acts as suicide but instead would perceive them as martyrdom, rationally underpinned by a legitimate struggle in a conflict of national and religious dimensions (Juergensmeyer, 2001).
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Ng, Jared, Manne Sjöstrand, and Nir Eyal. "Adding Lithium to Drinking Water for Suicide Prevention—The Ethics." Public Health Ethics 12, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz002.
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Abstract Recent observations associate naturally occurring trace levels of Lithium in ground water with significantly lower suicide rates. It has been suggested that adding trace Lithium to drinking water could be a safe and effective way to reduce suicide. This article discusses the many ethical implications of such population-wide Lithium medication. It compares this policy to more targeted solutions that introduce trace amounts of Lithium to groups at higher risk of suicide or lower risk of adverse effects. The question of mass treatment with Lithium recalls other choices in public health between population-wide and more targeted interventions. The framework we propose could be relevant to some of these other dilemmas.
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Opielak, Grzegorz, Maciej Kozioł, Tomasz Zuzak, Piotr Piech, and Ryszard Maciejewski. "The society’s perception of suicide." Current Problems of Psychiatry 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpp-2017-0008.
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AbstractIntroduction: On account of its radical character, suicide is differently perceived by the society. The consequence of this phenomenon is the issue of moral evaluation by the society in the practical aspects of daily life, such as religious, psychological and social ones. Regarding society’s complexity, it is understandable that the knowledge and the evaluation of this act amongst people are different.Materials and methods: In the study a method of the diagnostic survey was applied. The questionnaire was conducted amongst 168 individuals ranging from 18 to 49 years of age. The study involved 69 women and 99 men. The arranged personal data questionnaire served as the evaluation of perceiving the suicidal act and people’s knowledge about this occurrence.Results: Respondents claim that suicidal behaviours affect 72.5% of young people, and 22.7% of adult men. Large group of the study participants had personal experience with individuals after a suicide attempt (41.92%). As many as 49.7% of individuals are fierce opponents of suicidal acts while 46.1% are of an opinion that ‘the one who commits suicide should not be condemned or judged’.Conclusions: Respondents present vast knowledge about the universality of suicide phenomenon and its most frequent causes. They are against such behaviour, but do not condemn individuals who committed this act. The study participants show understanding of ways to prevent suicide.
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Palayon, Raymund T., Richard Watson Todd, and Sompatu Vungthong. "The Language of Destructive Cults." Communication & Language at Work 7, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/claw.v7i1.123251.
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Destructive cults are the most notable damaging religious groups in society where leaders convince their followers to engage in destructive acts. Examples of such cults include Peoples Temple led by Jim Jones and Heaven’s Gate led by Marshall Applewhite who convinced their followers to commit mass suicide. Previous research into destructive cults has mainly focused on their social-psychological development. This research breaks new ground by examining the patterns of linguistic features in the sermons of destructive cults indicating the characteristics of their language using keyness analyses. The main data sets are the sermons of Jim Jones and the sermons of Marshall Applewhite in the period leading to mass suicide. As a benchmark, these sermons were compared to the sermons of Billy Graham and the sermons of Rick Warren, leaders of mainstream religious groups. The findings show that the language of destructive cults based on the sermons of the leaders upholds extreme non-religious ideologies that cannot be found in the sermons of mainstream religious groups. The styles of their language focus on othering, intensifying, elaborating, and negating with the aim of controlling their followers. The results may allow destructive cults to be identified before damaging events occur.
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Gul, Dr Shabnam, Huma Asif, and Muhammad Faizan Asghar. "Examining the Phenomena of Militancy and Suicide bombing in Pakistan." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication me 05, issue 2 (June 30, 2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v05-i02-04.
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Pakistan has been facing the challenge of militancy since right after 9/11. Militancy means the use of violence for a political or social cause. Militancy exists from centuries and is directly challenged the security issues of any state. In a poor, having weak infrastructure and institutional imbalance state like Pakistan, this security issue become major challenge for system and society. In case of Pakistan religion has significant importance in all social and political aspects. Therefore sectarian roots of militancy are stronger in Pakistan as compare to other states in the world. This research paper is deal with the history of religious militancy in Pakistan with the focus of growing security issues. This paper is also highlight the implementations of government to prevent the issue of militancy.
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Rehman, Ubaid, Alamgeer Khan, Muhammad Jawad, Saima Sarir, and Seema Zubair. "A REVIEW STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING SUICIDE AMONG SOUTH ASIANS IN THE UK." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.923.
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Purpose of the study: A systematic review of studies on factors in the suicide of South Asians in the UK was reviewed to enhance understanding by aggregating those factors contributing to suicide in this diverse group.
Methodology: Digital databases PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PubMed, JSTOR, Science Direct, Web of sciences, and Google Scholar, were searched from 1990 to 2018 and, six studies were included for the review.
Main Findings: Factors like cultural conflict, mental health issues, family relationships, and religious & other social aspects influence suicide in South Asians in the UK. Also, better family contact, culturally sensitive interventions & services, and educational pamphlets could support preventive strategies.
Applications of this study: Future research needs to concentrate on the reasons behind high rates of suicide in social class 1 and disaggregation of factors in sub-groups of South Asians in the UK to support the development of sound preventive strategies.
Novelty/Originality of this study: First study ever to aggregate factors in the suicide of South Asians in the UK.
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Clements, Ben. "An Assessment of Long-Term and Contemporary Attitudes towards ‘Sanctity of Life’ Issues amongst Roman Catholics in Britain." Journal of Religion in Europe 7, no. 3-4 (December 4, 2014): 269–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00704005.
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The Roman Catholic Church has long-standing and steadfast positions on ‘sanctity of life’ issues. This article examines the views of Catholics in Britain on two of these issues: assisted suicide and abortion. It looks at whether Catholics still retain distinctive views on these issues compared to wider society and then examines which socio-demographic and religious factors underpin their attitudes. Catholics tend to be more likely than the general population to oppose assisted suicide and abortion in particular circumstances and to view them as less morally justifiable. Amongst Catholics, socially-conservative views on these issues are associated with various socio-demographic factors and both believing and behaving aspects of religiosity.
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Tretyakova, Olga. "Legal and Ethical Aspects of Media Coverage of Deviant Behavior." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 498–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2020.9(3).498-513.
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This article deals with media coverage of destructive deviant behavior, particularly, suicides and drug addiction. Presentation of deviant behavior by the media is closely linked to romanticization of crime in the contemporary mass culture, which is a dangerous phenomenon for the society. Mass media products that tell about deviant behavior have a strong psychological impact since criminal romanticism is so widespread in mass culture that criminal and deviant behavior is sometimes presented as a role model. The author studies legal and ethical aspects of media coverage of deviant behavior, gives an analytical review of legal rules and recommendations for journalists on how to cover cases of suicide or drug abuse. The latter have been worked out by either regulatory agencies or authorities interested in this process. Moreover, one cannot find such rules or recommendations either in the Code of Professional Ethics of Russian Journalists or in the draft of the Standard of Media Ethic developed by the Public Panel for Complaints about the Press of Russian Union of Journalists. The article describes compositional, lexical and stylistic means of romanticizing deviant behavior, and analyzes coverage of suicides and drug abuse by the example of media content of Russian popular newspapers Rossiyskaya Gazeta and Komsomolskaya Pravda. The most common means include an eye-catching title, shifting the focus from the case of deviant behavior to the agent’s outstanding personality traits, the author’s affective evaluation of the case, evocative lexicon, and quotes or reminiscences that justify or approve of the deviant behavior. The author infers that the means of romanticising deviance by the mass media correlate with the techniques which regulatory agencies and experts recommend journalists to avoid. Therefore, the usage of these means may be considered a bad violation of journalists’ professional ethic.
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Meira, Saulo Sacramento, Alba Benemérita Alves Vilela, Claudia Ribeiro Santos Lopes, Jeorgia Pereira Alves, and Hernane Borges de Barros Pereira. "Cognitive analysis of the social representations of suicide among hospital emergency professionals." SMAD Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas (Edição em Português) 16, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1806-6976.smad.2020.166424.
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Objective: to analyze the constitutive contents of the social representations of suicide by health professionals in the emergency department through an analysis of the cognitive network. Method: study based on the Theory of Social Representations carried out with 104 emergency room professionals from a hospital in Bahia, Brazil. A free word association task was conducted using the term suicide enabling the creation of a semantic network that was analyzed using the Cognitive Network Analysis model. Results: this network was composed of 42 vertices (i.e., words evoked by the professionals) and 273 edges (i.e., connections between words), with a mean degree of 13. The representational structure was formed by four dimensions (biological, affective-psychological, social, and religious) that explained the interface between the primary (i.e., central core) terms “despair,” “depression,” “disease,” “sadness,” “death,” “absence of God,” and “family fragility” and the secondary (i.e., periphery) terms “loneliness,” “lack of love,” “weakness,” “emotional distress,” “frustration,” “conflict,” “solution,” “mistake,” “fear,” “non-acceptance,” “anxiety,” “lack of control,” and “kill.” Conclusion: despite the presence of reductionist aspects, the representational structure created by the healthcare professionals of the investigated hospital conveyed the meaning and image of suicide across its multidimensional aspects, favoringchanges in individual and collective practices ...
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Madadin, Mohammed, Houria S. Al Sahwan, Khadijah K. Altarouti, Sarraa A. Altarouti, Zahra S. Al Eswaikt, and Ritesh G. Menezes. "The Islamic perspective on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia." Medicine, Science and the Law 60, no. 4 (July 5, 2020): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420934241.
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Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and euthanasia can be debated from ethical and legal perspectives, and there are a variety of views regarding their acceptability and usefulness. Religion is considered an important factor in determining attitudes towards such practices. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the Islamic perspective on PAS and euthanasia and explore the Islamic approach in addressing the related issues. The PubMed database was searched to retrieve relevant articles, then the references listed in the selected articles were checked for additional relevant publications. Additionally, religious books (Quran and hadith) and legal codes of selected countries were also consulted from appropriate websites. The Islamic code of law discusses many issues regarding life and death, as it considers any act of taking one’s life to be forbidden. Islam sanctifies life and depicts it as a gift from God ( Allah). It consistently emphasises the importance of preserving life and well-being. Therefore Muslims, the followers of Islam, have no right to end their life. All Islamic doctrines consider PAS and euthanasia to be forbidden. However, if the patient has an imminently fatal illness, withholding or withdrawing a futile medical treatment is considered permissible. From a legal perspective, Islamic countries have not legalised PAS and euthanasia. Such practices are therefore considered suicides when patients consent to the procedure, and homicides when physicians execute the procedure.
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Dein, Simon. "Against the Stream: religion and mental health – the case for the inclusion of religion and spirituality into psychiatric care." BJPsych Bulletin 42, no. 3 (May 2, 2018): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2017.13.
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This paper argues for the inclusion of religion and spirituality in psychiatric care. After discussing the antagonism of psychiatrists and psychologists to religion, I present a critical overview of studies examining the relationships between spirituality, religion and diverse aspects of mental health: depression, suicide, anxiety, delinquency, drug abuse and schizophrenia. The need to assesses the impact of religion in different faith groups is discussed. Measures of religious coping, both positive and negative, may provide a more accurate portrayal as to how individuals deploy religion in their lives than global measures such as belief and attendance. I highlight the fact that there is a dearth of research on ritual, prayer and other aspects of religious experience. While many studies demonstrate positive effects of religion on mental health, others find detrimental effects. Finally I examine the clinical implications of these findings.Declaration of interestNone.
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Huh, Gi Yeong, Gam Rae Jo, Kwang Hoon Kim, Yong Woo Ahn, and Sang Yong Lee. "Imitative suicide by burning charcoal in the southeastern region of Korea: The influence of mass media reporting." Legal Medicine 11 (April 2009): S563—S564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.099.
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Kelleher †, Michael J., Derek Chambers, Paul Corcoran, Helen S. Keeley, and Eileen Williamson. "Euthanasia and Related Practices Worldwide." Crisis 19, no. 3 (May 1998): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.19.3.109.
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The present paper examines the occurrence of matters relating to the ending of life, including active euthanasia, which is, technically speaking, illegal worldwide. Interest in this most controversial area is drawn from many varied sources, from legal and medical practitioners to religious and moral ethicists. In some countries, public interest has been mobilized into organizations that attempt to influence legislation relating to euthanasia. Despite the obvious international importance of euthanasia, very little is known about the extent of its practice, whether passive or active, voluntary or involuntary. This examination is based on questionnaires completed by 49 national representatives of the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP), dealing with legal and religious aspects of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, as well as suicide. A dichotomy between the law and medical practices relating to the end of life was uncovered by the results of the survey. In 12 of the 49 countries active euthanasia is said to occur while a general acceptance of passive euthanasia was reported to be widespread. Clearly, definition is crucial in making the distinction between active and passive euthanasia; otherwise, the entire concept may become distorted, and legal acceptance may become more widespread with the effect of broadening the category of individuals to whom euthanasia becomes an available option. The “slippery slope” argument is briefly considered.
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Silva, C., I. Gil, M. A. Mateus, and Ó. Nogueiro. "Evaluation of Suicidal Behaviour in a General Psychiatric Consultation." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71206-4.
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Several studies have been conducted to establish a profile of the suicidal/parasuicidal patient. Also several factors have been identified as possibly influencing the suicidal rates, including the religious practices.Objectives:Characterize the profile of suicidal behavior in a sample of patients followed in a general psychiatric consultation.Methods:It was done an analytical observational study of a random sample of 100 patients followed in a general psychiatric consultation. A survey was conducted with the collection of socio-economic, religious aspects and clinical data, and it was consulted the patient"s clinical process. Data analysis was done in Excel 2003.Results:The sample was consisted mostly by women (74%), being the most representative age group between 40 and 50 years (27%), mostly married (61%), 24% had 2 children and 65% lived in the rural area. The clinical diagnosis (ICD-9) was in 46% of cases, neurotic depression. 52% consider themselves religious not practitioners, being 90% catholics. History of suicide attempts/parasuicide occurred in 32% of patients, in the form of drug intoxication (31%) or with another method (11%). Most of the individuals said to have already thought about suicide at least once in their lifetime (74%). Only 8% had current suicidal ideation. Family history of suicide occurred in 27%, particularly in first degree family members, mainly by drowning (7%) and hanging (7%).Conclusions:Our results suggest that exists a high prevalence of suicidal behavior in this patients. For that reason, it should be done a systematic screening for suicidal ideation in this risk population.
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Muzayyin, Muzayyin. "THE CONCEPT OF MARTYRDOM IN THE VIEW OF JAMĀ’AH ISLĀMIYAH IN INDONESIA." Teosofia 9, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/tos.v9i1.5367.
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<p><em>Religious radicalization is an irrefutable fact emerging mainly in the last decade. Several mass and suicide bombings (the nightclub Paddy's Pub in Bali, JW Marriot Hotel in Jakarta, Resort Police Mosque in Cirebon, Australian Embassy in Jakarta and several Churches in Indonesia) show this most clearly. The latest bombing in a mass building in Surabaya even had a thorough family as its actors. They and actors of other attacks claim that the bombing is of ways to put the doctrine of jihād fī sabīlillah into real life. It is therefore, the research employs a qualitative approach which aims to describe the concept of martyrdom as called amaliyat istisyhādiyah upon the perspective of Imam Samudera as one of Jamā’ah Islāmiyyah’s activist which is allegedly responsible for a number of terror attacks in South East Asia. In addition, this research conclude that Martyrdom has no relation to suicide.</em> <em>Its aims at establishing Kalimātullah and Islam, originating from the purest intention. While suicide is a hopeless deed performed by a person who kills himself for his own selfish reason</em><em> </em><em></em></p>
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Nemţoi, Gabriela. "The Right to Life versus the Right to Die." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law 8, no. 1 (December 10, 2020): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/8.1/31.
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Considered a current topical the euthanasia, or under other names such as medically assisted suicide, or death with dignity, is a procedure that ensures the death of people suffering from incurable diseases and who over time are subject to degrading suffering. Recognition of a right to death is considered to be a delicate matter, susceptible to a multidisciplinary approach, with social, legal, moral, religious aspects. Although euthanasia or medically assisted suicide is legalized in many countries, it practically calls into question the extent to which the protection of the right to life must be exercised. Paradoxically, the very right to life - an essential principle, constituting the indispensable condition for exercising the other guaranteed rights, does not enjoy the establishment of well-defined borders. This paper is a summary of this phenomenon, which is growing, motivated mainly by the care and protection that must be given to the individual, regardless of his condition.
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Gautam, Anurag, S. K. Singh, Uday Mohan, Manish Manar, and Kiran Gautam. "Public health aspects of the world’s largest mass gathering: Kumbh Mela 2019 Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 4046. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213043.
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The influx of large numbers of people to mass gathering events may give rise to specific public health risks. Kumbh-Mela is internationally famous religious mass gathering. It creates the substantial challenge of creating a temporary city in which millions of pilgrims/visitors can stay for a defined period of time. The arrangements need to allow this very large number of people to reside with proper medical services, adequate supplies of food, electricity, waste disposal, clean water and transportation etc. Understanding the Kumbh-Mela can highlight the health challenges faced and provide the crucial lessons for the management of mass gatherings.
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Tiryakian, Edward A. "The Missing Religious Factor in Imagined Communities." American Behavioral Scientist 55, no. 10 (September 13, 2011): 1395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211409563.
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Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities has redrawn understanding of the loci and agents of modern nationalism. Whereas standard interpretations had privileged the movements of modernity of Western nation-states, Anderson’s analysis gave priority to the role of peripheral elites in “imagining the nation” beyond the boundaries of the everyday world. What Anderson leaves out altogether in his seminal study is the bearing of the religious factor in various peripheral settings in such regions as sub-Sahara Africa and East Asia. This article, extending Max Weber’s notion of charismatic leadership, proposes that in concrete cases of “colonial situations” in Africa and in two East Asian countries of weak states, religio-political figures arose seeking a new social order that had mass appeal. Their successes and failures should be seen as integral comparative aspects of nationalism and modernity
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Istomin, Kirill V. "“Suddenly a Binge Drinking Episode Has Happened to Him”: Locus of Control, Notion of Responsibility, Alcoholism and Suicide in the Taz Region, Yamal Nenets Autonomous Okrug." Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jef-2016-0009.
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Abstract Although the notion of responsibility is often invoked by mass-media reports, activists and lay people when discussing alcoholism and suicides, anthropological discussions of this topic seem to deliberately avoid the notion. Based on the example of the Taz Nenets of western Sibera, this paper* explores how cross-cultural differences in the notion of responsibility, if approached in a non-moralising way, can enrich our understanding of several aspects of the drinking and suicidal behaviours of native northerners. The Nenets seem to believe that both positive and negative events in their lives happen more due to chance or for highly localised reasons that they do not control rather than being caused by their own informed and wilful actions (external locus of control). Particularly, acts of suicide and binge drinking episodes just happen to people and, therefore, people cannot be held responsible for them. This attitude can be a compensatory mechanism for the flat attribution style observed among Nenets in previous studies. It should be taken into account in programs of suicide prevention and the treatment of alcoholism.
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Markner, Reinhard. "Forschungen Zur Judenfrage: A Notorious Journal and Some of its Contributors." European Journal of Jewish Studies 1, no. 2 (2007): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187247107783876220.
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AbstractAmong the many publishing ventures of the “Reichsinstitut für die Geschichte des neuen Deutschlands,” the journal Forschungen zur Judenfrage (1936–1944) has gained most notoriety. In its nine volumes, various aspects of the “Jewish question,” ranging from the Jews in antiquity to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, were dealt with from a strictly National Socialist point of view. The ambitious project proved to be a failure even before the Third Reich collapsed. While some of the journal's contributors managed to pursue their academic careers in post-war West Germany, its founder, Walter Frank, committed suicide in 1945.
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Pankeev, Ivan, and Alexey Timofeev. "Trends in State Regulation of Russian Mass Media: a Legal Aspect." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 9, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2020.9(2).231-246.
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The article deals with major trends in state regulation of Russian media landscape in the period 2017-2020, which features a large amount of fake news, extremist publications and other information harmful for the people and the society. The authors analyze the key measures taken by the state in order to protect the population from such information and diminish its negative effect, define the problems and difficulties that journalists and Internet-users face, and propose ways of addressing the problems. The article focuses on legal aspects of the governmental bans and regulatory policy as, in the authors opinion, they are primary to the other measures (economic, technological, etc.). Special attention is paid to the state legislative response to such threats as fake news, suicide, drug abuse, extremist or terrorist propaganda, and foreign agents financial impact on Russian media. The research involved an analysis of media reports on the relevant issues, as well as a study of the recent changes in the legislation concerning media landscape and results of other researches in this field. The authors infer that there are two major trends in the state regulation: one is liberalization of privacy laws for media landscape, and the other is harsher punishments for spreading extremist information, fake news and other state abusive content. However, such control should not be always viewed as negative.
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Giese, Constanze. "German Nurses, Euthanasia and Terminal Care: a Personal Perspective." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 2 (March 2009): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733008100368.
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The nursing profession in Germany is facing a public debate on legal and ethical questions concerning euthanasia on request and physician-assisted suicide. However, it seems questionable if the profession itself, individual nurses or the professional associations are prepared to be involved in such a public debate. To understand this hesitation, the present situation is considered in the light of the tradition and history of professional care in Germany. Obedience to medical as well as to religious authorities was long part of nurses' professional identity, but is no longer relevant. The lack of reflection and discussion on how to take a balanced view of ethical and political questions concerning nursing, and the role and responsibility of nurses in end-of-life decisions and situations of caring for dying people are discussed using the situation of nurses in the Netherlands as a comparison.
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Wnuk, Marcin. "Religion and Life Satisfaction of Polish Female Students Representing Roman Catholic Affiliation: Test of Empirical Model." Religions 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080597.
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Religion is an important factor of life satisfaction for adolescents. This relationship is complex and depends on religiousness indicators used, religious affiliation, sex, age, and some cultural aspects. The aim of the study was to examine whether positive religious coping moderates the relationships between religious practices, as well as God’s support and life satisfaction. Additionally, the mediating role of religious commitment between faith and life satisfaction was tested. Methods: The sample in this study consisted of 315 Polish Roman Catholic female students. The following tools were used: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORFQ), the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE), the Religious Support Scale (RSS), and two one-item measures regarding frequency of prayer and Mass attendance. Results: The moderating role of positive religious coping between prayer, as well as God’s support and life satisfaction, was confirmed. Additionally, positive religious coping, God’s support, prayer, and Mass attendance mediated between faith and life satisfaction. Conclusion: The research has proven that faith negatively influenced adolescents’ life satisfaction both directly and directly through positive religious coping and Mass attendance. A beneficial indirect effect of faith on life satisfaction through God’s support and prayer was confirmed. It was also found that using positive religious coping with an above-average frequency of religious practices improved the life satisfaction among female students.
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Ibrahim, Juan A. "Modernity, Mass Culture, and Self-Delusion in Nabokov’s Lolita and Martin Amis’ Money." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp94-101.
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Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita (1955) and Martin Amis’ Money (1984) discuss the disadvantages of mass media. Amis uses John Self to reflect the disintegration of the self in the modern, Capitalist society of England in 1980s. Self represents the failure of the postmodern world by portraying a dystopian society. Amis and Nabokov tackle subjects pertaining to money, incest, delusion, and disappointment. Lights are shed on the moral aspect of the characters. The modernity of Amis’ fiction lies in its double deception of its characters; there is the American motif and a character who is not able to resist the magic of such motif. It is about consumerism or how aspects of post modernity and the consumer culture are portrayed. This paper aims to show the impact of mass media on the characters who are self-deluded and indulged in loving money, advertisements, and sex. It also aims at showing duality and corruption in both texts, John Self is bankrupt and wants to commit suicide. Humbert cheats many and is imprisoned and Lolita dies. Lolita becomes the victim of incest. It is an attempt to urge human beings to refuse cultural divisions and encourage human spirituality instead of Materialistic point of view.
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Mundayat, Aris Arif, Wahyu Susilo, and Zulyani Evi. "Migrant Workers’ Vulnerabilities to Exposure of Violent Extremism: Case Study of Indonesian Returnee Women Migrant Workers in Hong Kong." Jurnal Perempuan 25, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v25i3.457.
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<div>This qualitative study analyzes the involvement of female perpetrators of extreme violence acts and suicide bombings against the modern state as a symbol of their religious enemies. The topic is crucial as it shows the meaningful reasons for female militancy, where women are seen to exceed their gender norms. It is not because they take their own lives but also to bring their children to embrace death in the process of religious-based violent extremism. This article opposes the idea of gender in binary opposition as female and male, but rather see it as a range of gender spectrum. The understanding of the main symbolic structures here is crucial as it is capable of dismantling aspects that temporarily limit gender roles. At the same time, what they are doing is constructing new ideas that “God do not see you in someone appearance” included their gender, but rather their “action”. It is their way to find justification to support extreme violence, although it is against religious teaching.</div>
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Frolova, O. A. "Religion as the Main Projection Channel of the Power Interests on Civil Society during the Election Campaign in the USA." RUDN Journal of Political Science, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-4-95-100.
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Article considers the interrelation of political and religious interests in the USA during the current presidential campaign. In particular, the author considers such aspects as mentality and culture of the American society. In material, the religious preferences of the US population based on the last social researches. The author comes to conclusion that commitment of the American society to mass demand of goods consumption and services - an integral part of mentality and culture including religious. This characteristic of society formed the basis of “market nature” of spirituality to which candidates for president often appeal.
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Budko, T. "SIGNS OF PROTECTION OF A DESTRUCTIVE CHARACTER IN THE TEXT OF URGENT MESSAGE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2019): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.33.
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The article discusses the nature and types of propaganda of a destructive nature, the possibility of its criminalization in domestic legislation. In particular, the concepts of propaganda for war (other than national liberation), propaganda for racial, national, religious intolerance, propaganda for the use of harmful substances and substances for human health, and for suicide propaganda are defined. There is put up for discussion a comprehensive definition of propaganda of extremism, the components of which are public justification, mass dissemination of ideas of necessity, expediency of violent change of the foundations of the constitutional system and power in Ukraine, violation of its territorial integrity, armed conflict, war, mass riots as ways of resolving political, economic contradictions, ethnic and religious nature; mass dissemination of ideas of historical, cultural, mental incompatibility of the residence of certain ethnic groups (groups on linguistic, territorial grounds, ideological convictions) on the territory of Ukraine; public denial of a criminal nature, mass dissemination of information aimed at justifying terrorism, terrorist activity, Nazism, genocide, mass repression, persecution, extermination of people on grounds of social, racial, national, linguistic, political, religious or religious affiliation on the territory of Ukraine, dissenters; mass dissemination of conscious lies (by distorting data, fiction, tendentious suppression of data) in the political, socio-economic, religious and other spheres of society with the aim of encouraging, abetting and other types of inducing people to violent actions, other destructive behaviour, which may or has led to the violent overthrow of the constitutional order, the seizure of state power, the violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, the escalation of tension the emergence of conflicts (including armed) between different segments of the population within the country, between states, between representatives of different races, nationalities, religious denominations, between carriers of certain ideological and political views, to harm, damage to the mental and physical health of people, to destruction moral foundations of society, to mass destruction, the destruction of cultural and historical values, etc. An attempt was made to systematize the signs of the presence of propaganda of a destructive nature in a text message. The criteria for the delimitation of propaganda of extremism, the propaganda of a destructive nature in general from similar content messages are defined. There are some examples of expert conclusions, which revealed such propaganda. Key words: propaganda, destructive nature, speech message, criteria for differentiation.
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Kretalovs, Deniss. "BASIC ASPECTS OF THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF THE RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT „NEW GENERATION”." Via Latgalica, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2009.2.1605.
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The subject of the article – the religious organization “New Generation” – is discussed as a new religious movement, and in the aspect of sociology of religion is to be typologically interpreted as a Christian neo-charismatic evangelical movement having formed as a result of cleavage. Attention is focused on the ways of political collaboration of the movement “New Generation” and the fundamental aspects of its political ideology. The choice of the study subject is grounded on the lengthy and active activity of the group in the territory of Latvia, its topicality, popularity and dynamic growth in the material as well as in the social and political aspects. It is proved by several indicators of social attention and identification – the number of publications in press, intensity of thematic discussions and forums on the Internet, publicity measures, TV broadcasts, political and public activities. The aim of the paper is to identify the main aspects of the political ideology of the religious organization “New Generation” by analyzing the available sources. In order to clear up these aspects, it is necessary to view the courses of activity of the religious organization and its activities in the spheres of civil, public and political participation. As the reference objects, mass media materials have been used as well as periodicals featuring the discourse of the organization (interviews with the organization leaders). As the primary source, the book New World Order by Alexey Ledyaev, the founder and main leader of „New Generation”, has been used in which he voices the main postulates of his revelation as well as the political guidelines for the future development of the system of administration of the world and of Latvia. The book of A. Ledyaev is to be judged as the quintessence of the political ideology of „New Generation” following which the social life in the congregation of this movement has been formed and ensured and which determines the degree of political participation and content of the movement adherents. The following hypothesis is brought forward in the study – the elements and aspects forming the political ideology and the system of world-outlook and values of the religious movement “New Generation” clearly indicate a representation of the ideology of the Christian reconstructionism and its adaptation to the context and political situation of Latvia. Factors like the social agents involved in the formation of communication networks, the rhetoric of expression used in the construction of the space for discourse, the content of ideas reflected in the narratives applied in the context of the organization, models of development planning of the strategic policy and political slogans allow identification of “New Generation” as a religious movement oriented to Christian fundamentalism, which construct its political ideology using the political technologies and action models of the rightist Christians. The political ideology realized by the organization contains features of Christian reconstructionism – political programmes and strategies. On this score, „New Generation” belongs to those Christian fundamentalist organizations that practise a radical and clearly targeted policy.
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Karnayeva, N. S., L. U. Ulukhanova, A. G. Gadzhimirzaevа, and S. G. Agaevа. "The main aspects of the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases in the Republic of Dagestan." CHILDREN INFECTIONS 18, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2019-18-3-42-45.
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The analysis of the epidemiological situation of vaccine-preventable infections in the Republic of Dagestan. The introduction of mass vaccine prophylaxis had a positive effect on reducing the incidence of infections such as poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, and viral hepatitis B in the Republic of Dagestan. However, despite the ongoing routine immunization of the population for “controlled” infections, the incidence of measles and parotitis infection remains high in 2018, this is due to an increase in the number of people who refuse to receive preventive vaccinations, in most cases, for religious reasons.
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Russell, Cathriona. "Care, Coercion and Dignity at the End of Life." Studies in Christian Ethics 32, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0953946818807463.
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End-of-life debates in medical ethics often centre around several interrelated issues: improving care, avoiding coercion, and recognising the dignity and rights of the terminally ill. Care ethics advocates relational autonomy and non-abandonment. These commitments, however, face system pressures—economic, social and legal—that can be coercive. This article takes up two related aspects in this domain of ethics. Firstly, that competence and communication are core clinical ethics principles that can sidestep the overplayed dichotomies in end-of-life care. And secondly, it questions the assumption that advance directives are universally benevolent—comparing the provisions of the Council of Europe’s 1999 recommendations on protection of human rights and dignity of the dying within the framework of the Irish context. The article also registers the unintended impacts of changing legal frameworks in relation to euthanasia and assisted suicide in Europe, including recent proposals in the Netherlands. A focus on human dignity can provide a theologically and philosophically shared normative orientation that argues for present directives rather than only advance directives, and a presumption in favour of ‘living up to death’. Dignity approaches not only grant rights but secure them by supporting ongoing initiatives that honour, rather than erode, the ‘longevity dividend’.
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Bhugra, Dinesh, and Anastasia Mastrogianni. "Globalisation and mental disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 1 (January 2004): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.1.10.
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BackgroundGlobalisation is the process by which traditional boundaries of cultures are changing. Industrialisation, urbanisation and influence of the media are influencing idioms of distress across cultures.AimsTo discuss the role of globalisation, using the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment of depression across various cultures as an example.MethodRecent studies focusing on transcultural aspects of depression were reviewed and summarised.ResultsCultural, social and religious mores account for variations in the presentation of depression across cultures. Somatic symptoms are common presenting features throughout the world and may serve as cultural idioms of distress, but psychological symptoms can usually be found when probed. Feelings of guilt and suicide rates vary across cultures and depression may be underdiagnosed.ConclusionsTraining packages could enhance clinicians' cultural competency in multicultural settings. However, globalisation is likely to influence idioms of distress and pathways to care in ways that are difficult to predict.
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Lund, Adam, Samuel J. Gutman, and Sheila A. Turris. "Mass gathering medicine: a practical means of enhancing disaster preparedness in Canada." CJEM 13, no. 04 (July 2011): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/8000.2011.110305.
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ABSTRACT:Background:We explore the health care literature and draw on two decades of experience in the provision of medical care at mass gatherings and special events to illustrate the complementary aspects of mass gathering medical support and disaster medicine. Most communities have occasions during which large numbers of people assemble in public or private spaces for the purpose of celebrating or participating in musical, sporting, cultural, religious, political, and other events. Collectively, these events are referred to as mass gatherings. The planning, preparation, and delivery of health-related services at mass gatherings are understood to be within the discipline of emergency medicine. As well, we note that owing to international events in recent years, there has been a heightened awareness of and interest in disaster medicine and the level of community preparedness for disasters. We propose that a synergy exists between mass gathering medicine and disaster medicine.Method:Literature review and comparative analysis.Results:Many aspects of the provision of medical support for mass gathering events overlap with the skill set and expertise required to plan and implement a successful medical response to a natural disaster, terrorist incident, or other form of disaster.Conclusions:There are several practical opportunities to link the two fields in a proactive manner. These opportunities should be pursued as a way to improve the level of disaster preparedness at the municipal, provincial, and national levels.
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Zaid Magomedovich, Abdulagatov. "On the Criteria for Religious Commitment in Islam." Islamovedenie 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2020-11-3-57-71.
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The author makes an attempt to analyze from philosophical and sociological standpoint the criteria for religious commitment in Islam and to describe scientific approaches to defining these criteria in sociological studies. The author maintains that in modern Islam there are no uni-form criteria for religious commitment and indicates the reasons for their absence. Some contro-versial issues of the criteria for religious commitment existing in the sociology of religion are assessed. In particular, it is shown that religious self-identification of a person as a criterion for his/her religious commitment is a necessary but insufficient condition thereof. Emphasis is made on the need to determine the criteria for religious commitment, its epistemological and ontologi-cal aspects, highlighting the defining side in the interaction of these opposite sides. The article suggests a broader approach to Islamic religious commitment through the concepts of “norma-tive” Islam, “mass religious consciousness”, “popular” Islam, and regional Islamic conscious-ness. These concepts are constituents of the general concept of “Muslim culture”. They are only partially reducible to each other and express in different ways the content of Islamic culture and, as a consequence, Islamic religious commitment.