Journal articles on the topic 'Religious aspects of Misconduct in office'

Few aspects of Paul's teaching have proved more controversial in recent times than his injunction that women should neither speak (lalein) nor teach (didaskein) in church assemblies (1 Cor. 14.34–35; 1 Tim. 2.11–12). To those seeking to promote the ministry of women in the church, the apostle's words appear as a personal expression of opinion founded on patriarchal prejudice, on rabbinic conservatism or on purely local considerations of strategy, motives which are of little more than documentary interest in the current debate. To proponents of the principle of male leadership, on the other hand, Paul's instruction forms part of a normative, enduring evangelical tradition which is often assumed to bear not only on the order of the church but on the order of creation itself. In these circumstances it is instructive to examine Calvin's treatment of the subject as found not only in his major dogmatic work, The Institute of the Christian Religion, but at various places in his sermons and commentaries. Our purpose here is not to make Calvin the arbiter of what, in his own day, was a highly marginal question – outside of court and literary circles, equality of the sexes was not a serious Renaissance concern – but rather to understand how he interpreted Paul's teaching in the context of a creation which God was already renewing and of a church where all were already made one in Christ.

The high rate of divorce, especially in West Sumatra, is an important note for religious extension workers to increase their role and quality in providing counseling. Therefore, fast and progressive action is needed to overcome this. Another phenomenon revealed from the above data is that the divorce case is dominated by the wife's lawsuit. Therefore, it takes the role of religious counselors at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) to increase family resilience. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of religious instructors in increasing family resilience in the city of Padang from physical, social, and psychological aspects. Data collection techniques used interviews and were analyzed with the Miles and Huberman models following the stages of data reduction, data display, conclusion. The role of religious counselors in increasing family resilience has been carried out quite well, although not yet maximized because the raw materials are not yet available, the methods used are only advice and lectures and have not been evaluated continuously.

In the past several years, the Office of Inspector General (OIG), the branch of the Department of Health and Human Services that combats fraud and abuse, has begun enforcing a little-used provision that allows the government to exclude owners and managers of sanctioned entities based on their position in the company. The OIG's exclusion authority under 42 USC § 1320a-7(b)(15) is not unique in applying strict liability to individual executives as a tool to halt corporate misconduct, but it represents a startling change for health care executives who could now face exclusion for their company's misdeeds. While the OIG has expanded its use of this statute, it has indicated some hesitancy in exercising the full scope of its statutory power.Pursuant to §1128 and §1156 of the Social Security Act, the OIG can exclude individuals and entities from participating in federal healthcare programs. The OIG has both mandatory and permissive exclusion power, based on the circumstances of the offense.

Employees are one of the components that determine and play an important role in the achievement of an work effectiveness in an organization. The purpose of this study is to determine the work motivation of employees at the Religious Court Office in Palu, Central Sulawesi Province, the type of research used is descriptive. While the basic research is qualitative. The number of informants in this study were 5 (five) people. Data collection techniques carried out in 3 (three) ways, namely observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses the theory of Frederick Herzberg, where there are 11 (eleven) aspects studied, namely achievement, appreciation, responsibility, opportunities for advancement, work itself, physical working conditions, interpersonal relations, company policy and administration, supervision, salary, and job security. Research conducted by researchers, obtained the conclusion that the work motivation contained in each employee is good enough, but from every aspect there is not everything can work well in every employee of the Palu City Religious Court, thus affecting the level of motivation in each employee existing and resulting in less than the maximum work activities.

TheRule of St Benedict(c.520) mentions a cantor only once. The celebrated twelfth-centuryLiber ordinis, a book of monastic regulations compiled at the Abbey of St Victor in Paris, requires several folios to outline all the duties of the cantor's office. During the six centuries separating these two sources, the monastic cantor had become one of the most important persons in the religious community: he supervised all aspects of music-making, he was in charge of the library and the scriptorium, and he oversaw and directed the celebration of the liturgy. Yet even though the cantor had a crucial role in the performance and transmission of medieval liturgical music, very little scholarly attention has been given to his office. This study offers some theories concerning the evolution of the cantor's office, and a description of that office during the late eleventh century, the period in which it reached its zenith. Many issues will be raised that, it is hoped, will suggest directions for further research.

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused major changes in almost all aspects of human life, including the implementation of public services. Government policies that implement work from home (WFH) for government agencies located in areas with a certain risk of transmission, have caused public service activities to undergo changes. public services during the Covid-19 pandemic while maintaining health protocols has become a separate issue and has led to many innovations in the field of public services. One of the public services affected during the Covid-19 pandemic is marriage services at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA). Complaints from a number of communitiesaimed at marriage services at the KUA with suspected maladministration. This study aims to analyze marriage services at the KUA during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using the literature study method with data sources for journal articles, government agency websites and related documents. Since the beginning of the pandemic period, the implementation of marriage services at the KUA has been regulated by three circular letters from the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance at the Ministry of Religion, taking into account developments in the condition of the community. Online marriage registration is optimized, and is demonstrated by the high rate of registration of marriage registrations during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Materials of the regional religious administration units in the Szczecin State Archives as a source on the history of the relations between the state and the Roman Catolic Church between 1945 and 1989 The purpose of the article is to analyse the materials of the Szczecin National Archives created by the regional administration units responsible for religious matters as the sources regarding the history of the relations between the state and the Roman Catholic Church between 1945 and 1989. It defines the group of entities implementing the religious policy at a central and regional level, with a special focus on administration. It analyses the contents of the archival fonds that included materials created by organisational units responsible for religious issues. The following methods were used to address the research problem: a historical method, an institutional & legal method, the system method and case study. The files of the religious administration unit can be found in the Szczecin archives in the following fonds: the Szczecin Regional Office, the Executive Committee of the Regional National Council in Szczecin, Regional Office in Szczecin. The materials from those fonds make it possible to recreate various aspects of the religious policy pursued by the state: hindering the pastoral work and religious education for children and teenagers, limiting the property of the church, attempting to create a rift between the clergymen. They contain important information about the social and political attitudes of priests.

Materials of the regional religious administration units in the Szczecin State Archives as a source on the history of the relations between the state and the Roman Catolic Church between 1945 and 1989 The purpose of the article is to analyse the materials of the Szczecin National Archives created by the regional administration units responsible for religious matters as the sources regarding the history of the relations between the state and the Roman Catholic Church between 1945 and 1989. It defines the group of entities implementing the religious policy at a central and regional level, with a special focus on administration. It analyses the contents of the archival fonds that included materials created by organisational units responsible for religious issues. The following methods were used to address the research problem: a historical method, an institutional & legal method, the system method and case study. The files of the religious administration unit can be found in the Szczecin archives in the following fonds: the Szczecin Regional Office, the Executive Committee of the Regional National Council in Szczecin, Regional Office in Szczecin. The materials from those fonds make it possible to recreate various aspects of the religious policy pursued by the state: hindering the pastoral work and religious education for children and teenagers, limiting the property of the church, attempting to create a rift between the clergymen. They contain important information about the social and political attitudes of priests.

This article analyzes some aspects of the modern Ukrainian values, including religion and religiosity in the system of values and priorities in life. It describes the relationship between religious self-identification and some of their values and philosophical positions. It is concluded that the primary value in contemporary Ukrainian society, regardless of religious self-identify, is a family. Having faith (according to self-identification as a believer) is a kind of internal moral and ethical code. According to empirical indicators of people who consider themselves believers, they are more responsible towards institute of family. Individuals with certain religious beliefs, compared to non-believers are more negative towards social issues such as bribery, using office, prostitution, homosexuality, drug addiction and have higher moral expectation for their own behavior.

As the capital city of Bali province and as the main tourist destination, Denpasar serves as the most visited city with sustainable regional budget (APBD). It has been evidence that foreign cultures as part of globalization effect of tourism did not contribute positively to the development of the region. These foreign cultures have been indicated as a negative force to the locals, either on economic, social, or cultural aspects. This paper explores the attempts of the local government, particularly the Office of Religious Affairs of Denpasar in improving the competence of religious communicators as stipulated in the Act of Kepmenkowasbangpan No. 54 / KEP / MK.WASPAN / 9/1999. Similarly, it also presents how these communicators performed their religious communication services amidst the rapid cultural change in Bali.

Three Christian Devotion Meditation (CDM) practices—lectio divina, centering prayer, and the examen—will be offered to aid in coping with ministerial stress and to prevent burnout. CDM or Christian contemplative practices are uniquely suited to develop the emotional resources pastors need for coping with burnout. The office of the pastor faces pressures which can cause burnout and threaten their ministries and personal relationships. The experience of pastoral burnout consists of acedia. Pastors experience spiritual emptiness due to two unique aspects of pastoral life. First, because pastors often work alongside with their families in the church while simultaneously serving their congregants, they experience inter-role conflict due to the high level of boundary ambiguity between their vocational and family lives. Second, pastors need to rely on their psychological resources to provide for their church members due to the emotional labor required of their positions. Consequently, pastors must rely on emotional labor strategies to respond positively to their congregations, which in turn can lead to emotional exhaustion.

Consumption is an essential everyday process. By very nature, it is a means of expressing our moral identities and an outlet for ethical obligations. In more recent years, ethical aspects of consumption have come under greater scrutiny with the emergence of ethical consumption discourses, and are currently associated with a range of consumer behaviours and responsible business practices. To this end, religion is an undeniably powerful and concurrently the most successful marketing force that can shape the ethical behaviour, yet under-investigated in consumption practices despite Corporate Socially Responsibility provoked ethical behaviour. Ethical consumption practices are regularly characterised as consumption activities that avoid harm to other people, animals or the environment where basic Buddhist teachings become more pertinent and practiced in Buddhist communities. This study conceptualises the importance of religious beliefs in ethical consumer behaviour and through researcher introspection methodology, the study empirically explore whether and how ethical consumerism is reflected through Five Precepts of Buddhism [i.e. (1) abstain from taking life, (2) abstain from stealing, (3) abstain from sexual misconduct, (4) abstain from false speech, and (5) abstain from intoxicants that cloud the mind]. The study contributes to the theory and teaching in the marketing discipline by linking how religious beliefs enhance ethical consumerism that remains largely unexplored.

Banks are not something that is alien to people in developed countries. People in developed countries really need the existence of a bank. The bank is considered a financial institution that is safe in carrying out various types of financial activities. Islamic banks are developed based on principles that do not allow separation between temporal and religious matters. This principle requires compliance with sharia as the basis of all aspects of life. This report addresses the problem of the level of knowledge of customers about Islamic banking products at Bank Muamalat, Kepanjen Sub-Branch Office Malang. This study uses a quantitative method from the results of observation, practice and spread the questionnaire to the customers of Bank Muamalat, Kepanjen Sub-Branch Office Malang. The results of the analysis show that the customer's knowledge of the product is higher than the customer's knowledge about buying and using. While customer knowledge about purchases is lower than customer knowledge about products and usage. In addition, customer knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the decision to become a customer at Bank Muamalat, Kepanjen Malang Sub-Branch Office.

Tourism is an effort by the Karo Regency Government to increase the potential of a region that is experiencing very rapid development. The development of tourism will have an influence on the life of the local community, that is, it can affect various aspects of life, be it social, economic, cultural, religious, language and also the environment. The extent of the influence of tourism development on aspects of life can be studied independently. In addition, tourism also plays a major role in expanding employment opportunities, encouraging activities of supporting industries, introducing natural and cultural beauty that is inseparable from a sense of increasing brotherhood in the national and international environment. This is because tourism itself creates multiple economic impacts, namely direct, indirect, secondary impacts, which provide opportunities for business growth and the role of local communities in the tourism sector. This research will discuss about determining the shortest route of tourist attractions in Karo Regency. The result achieved is the optimization of travel routes on tourist objects in Karo district so that the Karo Regency tourism office can provide more information regarding the location of tourist objects that will be traversed by local and foreign tourists.

PurposeThe advent of the #MeToo movement has brought forth increased national and global attention to sexual assault, abuse, misconduct, discrimination and harassment in the workplace, especially by prominent executives against subordinate female employees. Accordingly, in this article, we are thoroughly analyzing one aspect of office romance and sexual conduct in the workplace, mainly sexual favoritism in the era of the #MeToo movement.Design/methodology/approachThis is a legal and case-based human resource policies paper. It reviews actual workplace romance cases, policies and court-based decisions to create practical recommendations that can be used by managers, entrepreneurs and corporations for their organizations. One delimitation of this paper is the fact that it focuses on the US context. Another is that, while organizational behavior researchers have empirically studied various workplace romance policies and practices, the paper is a case-by-case analysis of sexual favoritism. “Specifically, the legal research for this article was conducted on the law database, Nexis Uni Legal, in the Cases (both federal and state) and Law Reviews and Journals sub-databases, using the direct key words in quotations “workplace romance,” “office romance,” “sexual favoritism,” and/or “paramour preference,” as well as the indirect key words “appearance discrimination, “preferring the pretty,” and/or “lookism.” As the authors' intent was to examine the legal and practical consequences emanating from the #MeToo Movement, the authors concentrated their search on cases and law reviews from 2012 to February 2021.FindingsResearch shows that about 35–42% of women have experienced some form of sexual harassment or sex discrimination at work. Many of the high-profile sexual cases that generated the #MeToo movement involved powerful executives asserting that their romantic relationships with subordinates in the workplace were “merely” consensual office romance or sexual favoritism. As a result of the #MeToo movement, employers have been compelled to reconsider how they should respond to sexual discrimination, sexual harassment, office romance and sexual favoritism in the workplace. This article offers best practices for policymakers and human resources professionals.Research limitations/implicationsThis article's recommendations are limited to workplaces in the US and may not be relevant in other countries as the local laws might vary.Practical implicationsThere are policy and behavioral implications for companies, managers and employees regarding workplace romance and sexual favoritism. As such, we provide policy recommendations to human resources department and management on how to provide a healthy work environment for all employees and avoid liability for sexual harassment cases pursuant to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.Social implicationsThe awareness of policies and laws regulating office romance can help educate managers and employees in local communities as to their rights regarding relationships with coworkers and those who report to them. When people are able to date whomever they desire outside of the workplace, employers can regulate some aspects of sexual relationships in the workplace.Originality/valueThis is an original paper by the authors.

Abstract The program on regional leading product development (program pengembangan produk unggulan daerah, henceforth called as PPPUD) for Karawo- the local Gorontalo’s embroidery product- has been carried out to domestic crafters in the Religious Tourism Village of Bongo from 2017 and expected to be completed by 2019. The initial year project focuses on strengthening the business management of the karawo, including strengthening the capacity of human resources and related production facilities. This capacity strengthening program is carried out in collaboration with the Cooperative, Industry, Trade and SMEs Department of Gorontalo regency. This initial year program has brought positive results that are evident in each of the following indicator: 1) the increase of managerial technical capacity of the management and all members of the SMEs groups, 2) all aspects of human resources are fulfilled and strengthened and thus, have brought impact on the quantity and the quality of the product; 3) all production-related facilities are fulfilled, and the office spaces are also furnished hence, have brought positive impact on production and the management activity, these improvement have brought impact on the marketing of the karawo products produced by these SMEs. Based on this initial year’s achievements, the focus of the second year would be on strengthening the production, finance, and raw material’s aspects of the karawo. Therefore, it is crucial for this community empowerment program through the PPUD program to be carried out into the next year. Keywords: Management, Human Resource, Karawo Production Facilities and Products.

By drawing on documents from European archives, this article addresses everyday aspects of diplomacy in sixteenth-century Constantinople. It focuses on how various go-betweens mediated political, cultural, religious, and linguistic boundaries in the encounters between Ottoman grandees and European diplomats. By doing so, it shifts the focus from the office of the ambassador to a large number of informal diplomatic actors (Jewish brokers, dragomans, renegades, go-betweens, etc.) with different areas of competence, functioning in diverse networks of contact and exchange. Moreover, it accentuates the importance of Constantinople as a space of encounter between diverse ethnic and religious communities as well as a Mediterranean-wide center of diplomacy and espionage. The essay calls for a reevaluation of Eurocentric views that associate the birth and development of modern diplomacy only with Christian Europe and revises the historiography on Ottoman diplomacy by concentrating on vernacular diplomacy rather than the rigid theoretical framework drawn by the Islamic Law.

On 16 February 1966 James Camlin Beckett, who by that time had taught in Queen’s University Belfast for twenty-one years, confided to his diary that he found it ‘hard to stay awake for an hour long lecture’ and wondered whether ‘we also go to sleep without knowing it, when we are giving a lecture instead of receiving it’. In this, the first of the lectures commemorating Beckett’s achievement, I propose — one hopes in a passably alert state — to examine three central aspects of his life and convictions: his politics and sense of national identity, his religious life, and finally his philosophy of history. The lecture draws upon Beckett’s writings, and on his papers and diaries (which are at present housed in the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland); other Beckett letters, some in private hands, have also been used.

This article intends to identify and to describe the unique structure and the managing style that owns primordial characteristics, that is giving significance to kinship, religion, and local Bugis cultural values, which made up the cultural system of PT. Hadji Kalla family business. Theoritically, this research was inspired from Weberian perspective on the ideal types of bureaucracy, that observes organizations (in this case is the family business) as one of the socio-cultural phenomena which is neutral and value-free, that is place aside its subjective aspects. The research was conducted in two locations, the head office and one of the branch offices using qualitative approach that relies on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The results of the research shows that the family business of PT. Hadji Kalla that has advanced into national level still prioritizes kinship, ethnicity, and religious aspects in the daily activities of the company. The value even take parts in providing the company’s colour to the urban societies in various districts where the company stands. This means that although the society has undergone transformations, it doesn’t mean that the primordial value, and the elements that exist outside of businesses (such as kinship, big men, religion, cultural values, and interest) do not influence the activities that are held in formal organizations. Therefore, the interventions of subjective aspects will always appear, followed with the application of the modern management system that is implemented by PT. Hadji Kalla company.

Introduction: at the present stage of state and law development, the formation of interstate relations of a new format takes place in the context of rather complex and contradictory processes, whose many participants, demonstrating different levels of resistance, become vulnerable to both traditional and new challenges and threats of modern history. One of these threats is extremist activity, which is a real threat to the constitutional order and national security of any state. In recent decades, such phenomena as xenophobia, separatism, religious fanaticism and terrorism, various nationalist sentiments that develop into an active movement and extremism of various etiologies have been actively developed. For Russia, as a multi-ethnic democratic state, these phenomena are particularly dangerous, since they undermine the peaceful coexistence of various ethnic and social groups. In addition, the development of information technologies makes it more accessible to carry out extremist activities among the general population. The social networks are increasingly used by the supporters of terrorism and extremism to conduct active propaganda and vigorous recruitment. In this regard, the authors of the paper set a goal to study the real state of the prosecutor’s supervision over the implementation of laws on countering extremism among migrant workers, as well as to develop new forms of coordinating activities of the prosecutor’s office to prevent and suppress acts of extremist activity in the context of modern political and economic challenges of the modern Russian state and the world as a whole. Methods: the methodological framework for this research is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main ones are the methods of synthesis, scientific generalization and comparative law analysis. Results: despite giving the Prosecutor General’s Office the power to block the sites containing extremist information and remove direct calls for extremist activity, the issue of combating this phenomenon remains particularly topical. In this regard, the importance of coordinating, organizing and implementing the effective control over countering extremist activities, and improving the activities of the law enforcement agencies headed by the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation in the fight against extremism is increasing in every possible way. Conclusions: only joint, well-thought-out and well-coordinated activities, led by the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, will prevent the main threats and minimize the negative impact of extremist activities on all sides, aspects and areas of functional activity of the modern Russian state, which is thus fighting not only extremism in all its manifestations, but also related phenomena, including nationalism, chauvinism, separatism, xenophobia, religious and mono-ethnic fanaticism and terrorism, as the most dangerous form of extremism.

The article examines the religious and symbolic aspects of the Ethiopian Embassy (mission) to Russia (1895) in the context of church and state relations and ideological searching of Russian conservatives in the end of the 19th century. The visit of the Embassy to Russia aroused special interest of the Ober-Procurator of the Most Holy Synod K.P. Pobedonostsev who saw the people of the African State as supporters of the patriarchal values, so important for him, such as – patriarchal simplicity, devotion to traditions, genuine religiousness. For Pobedonostsev the embodiment of those values in Russia were the establishments related to his activities as head of the clerical office (primarily church schools for common people), that’s why he attached special importance to the visits of the African guests to those schools in the course of their mission. The visits were meant to reveal the spiritual kinship of the Christians from that distant country with Russian church life and consolidate their attraction to Russia.

Abstract The Medinan stratum of the Qurʾān ascribes to Muḥammad a noticeably elevated status and a far wider range of functions than the earlier Meccan layer. Although this shift may well have responded to, and been facilitated by, historical circumstances, it is nonetheless appropriate to inquire whether specific aspects of it might be drawing on pre-Qurʾānic precedents. I argue that the Christian episcopate, arguably the most widespread type of urban religious leadership in late antiquity, yields a surprising number of close overlaps with the Medinan presentation of the function and authority of Muḥammad. In tandem with this assessment, however, the article also considers important differences between the figure of Muḥammad and that of the Christian bishop. The most important such divergence consists in the fact that the Qurʾānic Messenger, unlike a Christian bishop, does not owe his authority to ordination by an ecclesiastical hierarchy: Muḥammad does not occupy an office that imparts authority independently of the person occupying it.

This study aims to formulate the concept of cooperation between Madrasah Diniyah which has religious character education but is less attractive to the public with formal education that is of interest to the community but lacks character education. This research is a literature study with the primary source being Presidential Decree Number 87 of 2017. While the secondary sources are various local regulations issued by the Regent or Mayor regarding Madrasah Diniyah. The forms of cooperation opportunities that exist between Madin and formal education can include several aspects. First, the curriculum aspect, where the two institutions can complement and complement each other. Second, the legality of the program where formal institutions can oblige students to study at Madin. Third, the social aspect in which these institutions can work together with community leaders so that they can support each other so that these formal and non-formal institutions can provide wider benefits. This cooperation can be maximized if it gets support from local officials, the Ministry of Religion, and the Education Office.

Jacob Vernet (1698–1789) numbers among those eighteenth-century theologians whose relationships to the philosophes have saved them from being forgotten but at the cost of being misrepresented. Vernet is usually remembered for editing the first edition of Montesquieu's De l'esprit des lois, helping to restore Rousseau to Calvinism, and corresponding and then crossing swords with D'Alembert and Voltaire: it is especially the controversy with D'Alembert surrounding the article on “Geneva” in the seventh volume of the Encyclopédie (1757), as well as a sustained conflict with Voltaire over many issues, that have secured him scholarly attention. The scholars who have noticed Vernet have accordingly concentrated on aspects of his person: ascertaining whether he was mendacious, conniving, and hypocritical, as some of the philosophes, especially Voltaire contended, or the figure of impeccable behavior and conscience suggested by his office and his hagiographers. This one-sided emphasis on his person obscures the fact that Vernet wrote a shelf of books and was such an influential figure that he was the representative Genevan theologian of his day. The neglect of his thought is hardly astounding, however, since it is characteristic of the treatment accorded eighteenth-century theology in general. Theologians and students of religion have for long dismissed eighteenth-century theology as derivative; students of the Enlightenment have considered it outside the canon of Enlightenment literature and thus beyond their purview. Both these assumptions should be challenged.

Abstract Voting is a necessary and inherent right of citizens in democracies to select public office holders who decide how public goods and resources are distributed and maintained. It is therefore critical that all citizens who are eligible are able to participate in one of the key aspects of political participation – voting. This study focused on the factors that influence the ability of older adult Ghanaians with disabilities to vote in local and national elections. The study sample of 923 respondents was drawn from the second wave of WHO SAGE study on Global Aging and Adult Health. The results of the logistic regression analyses showed that religion influenced the voting behaviors of all the three people with disabilities groups included in the study. But certain groups are also influenced by interaction with community leaders and personal political interests and characteristics, including gender. Given these findings, it is suggested that an impact community be established around the meaning and ethics associated with the religious activities people with disabilities participate in, and engage them through civic engagement, and personal and community development activities that empower them to live meaningful lives.

The Constitution of Denmark of 1849 establishes the Evangelical Lutheran Church as the Church of Denmark, which “shall as such be supported by the State.” A handful of other denominations enjoyed recognition by royal decree until this practice was ended in 1970 with the new Marriage Act which allowed church weddings with civil validity to take place not only in the Church of Denmark but also in recognized denominations and other religious communities that obtain authorization from the Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs. In 1998 an expert committee was established to advise the Minister on applications for denominational recognition. The committee consisted of myself, a historian of religions and chairman, sociologist of religion Ole Riis, later replaced by Margit Warburg, Church historian Jørgen Stenbæk, later replaced by Per Ingesman and professor of law Eva Smith, later replaced by Jens Elo Rytter. In the fall of 2007, a cabinet reorganization in the Liberal-Conservative Government led to a reorganization of the legal body responsible for the recognition of minority denominations. Thus the judicial process, including the expert committee, was transferred to the Department of Justice under the Section of Family Affairs. Since 2014, jurisdiction is under the Ministry of Child, Equality, Integration and Social Affairs, Permanent Under-Secretarial Department, Office of Family Affairs. This paper will describe the judicial and pragmatic aspects of our deliberations. Furthermore, a few key cases will be described which demonstrate how the recognition process sometimes influences the negotiation of religious identity among applicant denominations.

Social disciplining in Elbing hospitals in the 17th century The article undertakes the problematics of rules and range of social disciplining and forming a proper model of behaviour attempted by the city authorities in the instance of urban hospitals in Elbing (Elbląg) of the 17th century. The following ordinances for the 17th century Elblag hospitals have been analysed in that respect: St. Elisabeth’s from 1617, 1625 and 1651, the Holy Spirit’s from 1631 and 1651 (including the project from around the half of the 17th century), Corpus Christi’s from 1651 and St. George’s from 1657, as well as the ordinance of an orphanage established at St Elisabeth hospital (Kinder‑Haus) from 1698 and two memorial statements of the Hospital Office (Spital‑Amt) dated around the half of the 17th century containing postulates referring to the necessity of introducing changes in the current hospital ordinances. In effect, various forms of disciplining as well as mechanisms of maintaining social control have been discussed, which comprise the following aspects: 1. forming religious attitudes conforming with the spirit of Lutheran orthodoxy (doctrinal assumptions, religious education basics); 2. disciplining through compulsory religious practices; 3. disciplining through social hierarchy consolidation (prayers in the intention of the City Council, respect for principal authorities, ban on cursing on the authorities or reprimanding alms, complaining about hospital food); 4. disciplining through enforced work; 5. disciplining abnormal moral behaviour (drunkenness, fornication, theft, fraud, gambling); 6. controlling verbal, symbolic or physical aggression; 7. time rationing (strictly normalised day schedules) and space rationing (ban on leaving the hospital, maintaining cleanness in the occupied quarters); 8. shaping expected features of character (godliness, obedience, the ability of coexisting in a group); 9. disciplining verbal behaviour (ban on swearing, making noise, gossiping, disturbing religious practices by talking) and behavioural patterns (ban on dancing and binges). Also, the system of penalty sanctions issued by hospital authorities against people breaking the ordinance rules has been analysed; moreover, an attempt to reconstruct the hierarchy of social harmfulness of misdemeanours depending on the type of penalties has been undertaken.

India is a large country with great traditions, culture, and civilization. India has 4000 years of fertile civilized life with planned cities, monumental temples, mosques and churches, palaces, sculptures, paintings and various artistic creations. These scenic beauties have made India one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world. The Tourism potential of any country mainly depends on its climate, scenery, historical monuments, arts, tradition, festivals and the society. If any place or area or spot possesses all these characters and potentials, we may call it as a tourist centre or pilgrim centre. Tamil Nadu, a southern State of India, is a land of charm with ancient traditions; the picturesque land of Tamil Nadu has towering temples with magnificent architecture and sculptures, art galleries and heterogeneous natural beauty, existing on the hills and mountains. Tamil Nadu is flooded with different cultural, spiritual and religious centres like Madurai, Rameswaram, Kanyakumari, Tanjavur, Kumbakonam, Trichy, Kancheepuram, Chidambaram, Tiruvannamalai and Palani. Religious institutions like temples in Tamil Nadu have been playing a multifaceted role in religious, social, economic and cultural life of the Tamil community. Moreover, temples are considered as producers, land owners, trustees,employers, pilgrim centres and institutions. There are studies conducted in cultural and spiritual tourism centres, which focus on heritage, culture and the historical aspects. But studies that focus on economic aspects of such centres are scanty. With this background, the authors have made an attempt to study the memories and reminiscence of 150 Pilgrimage tourists, who visited Palani Temple; one of the Six abodes of Lord Muruga located in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, with an objective of examining the social and economic characteristics of the pilgrimage tourists; and identify their major problems and suggest ways and means for promoting pilgrimage tourism in Palani. The Primary data has been collected through interview schedules. The interview schedule was pre-tested, modified and well- structured, and was used for obtaining information and data from the cultural-spiritual tourists, who are visiting the Palani temple. Secondary data in connection with the Palani temple were also gathered from the office of the Commissioner, Palani temple. Further, the authors have collected data and information from 150 tourists who visited the Palani temple during June-July 2011. The tourists were purposively selected in different spots in and around the Palani temple. For the purpose of analyzing the data, simple tools like ratio, percentage and average were used

The Tanimbar people certainly have customs, traditions, and habits that have been preserved from generation to generation. The Duan and Lolat systems represent customs and traditions, which are still present throughout the Tanimbar archipelago. In that context, as part of the Tanimbar community, the people of Latdalam village, South Tanimbar district, West Southeast Maluku district who inhabit the west coast of Yamdena Island also use the Duan and Lolat traditions in various aspects of life, both political, economic and socio-cultural life. The main objective of this research is to describe and analyze the process of the formation of Duan and Lolat traditions in the traditional marriage of Latdalam villagers in the South Tanimbar district, West Southeast Maluku Regency. The approach used in this research is to use a descriptive-qualitative approach. The research location is Latdalam Village, South Tanimbar district, West Southeast Maluku Regency. Informants in this study consisted of; the Latdalam village government; the Church, namely religious leaders who know and understand the traditions of Duan and Lolat in the marriage customs of the Latdalam community; Duan and Lolat parties that involve two families in carrying out traditional marriages. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research instrument is the researcher himself as the main instrument. The results obtained from this study are as follows: (1). In the life of the people of Tanimbar, West Southeast Maluku Regency, a kinship value known as Duan and Lolat has been maintained for a long time. The Duan and Lolat traditions are applied in various aspects of life, including marriage. (2). The process towards a traditional marriage based on the Duan and Lolat traditions in the Latdalam Village community, Tanimbar Selatan District, West Southeast Maluku Regency. (3). The traditions of Duan and Lolat in traditional community marriages in Latdalam village contain religious or belief values, art, language, and law. This study recommends further research on the wars of the West Southeast Maluku Regency government, especially the District Tourism Office, in designing work programs to promote the Duan and Lolat traditions as local wisdom.

Number of midwives in Fakfak District in 2012 was 108 persons. Number of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) was 191 persons consisted of 79 (41%) trained TBAs and 112 (59%) untrained TBAs. The TBAs had an important role in delivery process because number of them was higher than number of midwives. Therefore, coverage of delivery process helped by health workers had not achieved the target. This research aimed to analyze the implementation of the partnership program between midwives and TBAs viewed from the aspects of input, process, and output at Fakfak District Health Office. This was qualitative research with descriptive-explorative approach by conducting indepth interview. Subjects were midwives and TBAs who had been partnering. Data were analysed using a content analysis. The input aspect showed that: 1) Implementers, midwives and TBAs only knew partnership in helping delivery; 2) Specific allocation funds for the program was not available. The funds was from Operational Support for Health but it was still not sufficient; 3) Specific means for the program was not available. The current means is from health center and village polyclinic but it is still limited. Furthermore, the process aspect revealed that: 1) Program planning, midwives and TBAs collected data of pregnant women, maternal, postpartum women, and number of TBAs; 2) The implementation was not good because midwives were not available when needed by TBAs and there was difficult to access. Socialization for cross-program (community leaders and religious leaders) and internship for TBAs had not been done yet due to insufficient fund; 3) Recording and reporting especially about partnership activities had not been done yet and only used a form on a Maternal and Child Health report. Regarding the output aspect, as many as 195 (89%) from 219 TBAs had not been partnered. Coverage of K1, K4, and delivery process helped by health workers from 2011 to 2012 decreased gradually. As a suggestion, District Health Office and Health Center need to maintain partnership by recruiting midwives, providing means, allocating fund, socializing to community leaders, and funding TBAs’ daughter or grandchild to study midwifery.

<p align="center"><em>This article explains the concept of Islamic guidance and counselling to help high school students build readiness for marriage and having family life. Marriage and family life readiness is one of aspects in Competency Standards of Independence (SKK) that must be achieved by students at high school level.This concept is similar to the phases and tasks of adolescent development which begin to enter the early adult development phase. The researchers did not find any particularly studies that discuss the concept of Islamic guidance and counseling to help marriage readiness and family life for high school students. Despite the fact that the theme is important to be discussed for further elucidation,the problems eventuates among adolescents, such as premarital sex. The research is conducted by library research method. To support information requirements, researchers also conduct document observations and in-depth interviews with marriage counselor in Religious Affairs Office (KUA), high school principals, as well as high school guidance counselor and school counselor. The concept of guidance and counselling answers the need and solutions to the problems of adults at the high school level. This also helps to understand family life responsibilities and functions, the concept of reproductive health, what appropriate sexual behaviour is, family norms and relationships between family members.</em></p>

This panel discussion, held on 27 June 2006 and sponsored by the Councilon American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), featured James Yee, a 1990 WestPoint graduate and Muslim chaplain assigned to Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay) and attorney Gene Fidell of Feldesman, Tucker, Leifer, and Fidell, whohas worked on cases involving Guantanamo Bay inmates. The discussiontook place at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington, DC.After making opening remarks on illegal immigrants and terrorism,Mohammad Nimer (research director, CAIR) introduced Chaplain Yee, whohad served at Camp Delta from November 2002 to September 2003. Whilethere, he experienced the detention center's living conditions and receivedawards and recognition for his service. On 10 September 2003, however, hewas arrested and accused of espionage, aiding the enemy, mutiny, and sedition.Eventually, he was locked up alongside enemy combatants YasserHamdy and Jose Padilla in a naval brig in South Carolina. Later, all chargeswere dropped, including unrelated charges regarding national security.Yee explained his role as advocating for the free exercise of worship. Headvised the camp commander on religious aspects of prison operations andlistened to prisoners’ complaints and concerns, including authorized andunescorted access to the cells. In addition, he observed detainee treatmentand made recommendations. He described two operations: detention operationsrun by military police or guards (e.g., providing them with clothes) andintelligence gathering, which included extracting information. Yee wasassigned to the former group, as the commanding general at the time, MajorGeneral Geoffrey Miller, considered it unethical for the chaplain to be presentduring intelligence gathering operations ...

The aim of the KKM is to improve the abilities and insights of students as a means of living in society. This year's implementation for our group located in Joyosuko Metro Village is a village in the Malang District, East Java Province. Joyosuko Metro Village is a sub-district center that offers a natural environment and community harmony. This Student Work Lecture (KKM) this year, invites students to research about 5 aspects offered by the campus to the community, including: 1. Education 2. Health 3. Information Technology 4. Religious and 5. Natural Resources or the potential possessed by the community itself, whether from the agricultural, plantation or livestock economy. The main purpose of this activity is to hone the knowledge and experience of students who have gained in the lecture bench, and this activity can help students to go directly to the community. The research method uses a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques carried out by researchers are documentation, observation and interviews with participants to obtain valid data. The results of activities in the form of making a village profile and adding to the contents that are considered capable of lifting the village and looked at by the central government. Creating an Penanggulangan covid-19is another excellent program for Joyosuko Metro Village, the aim is to beautify and make the village hall an environmentally friendly office.

Working Group of Teachers of Islamic Religious Education State Elementary School Gerokgak District is an organization engaged in Islamic Religious Education, where the board and its members consist of special Islamic Education Teachers (GPAI) both civil servant teachers and non-civil servants who are responsible and participate in promoting Islamic Education and fight for the rights of students who are Muslim.
 KKGPAI-SDN Gerokgak District has been established since 20 years ago. During this time KKGPAI-SDN has a desire to memanjukan KKGPAI-SDN Gerokgak District not only in terms of activities, but in terms of administration that is still very manual done using Ms.Word and Ms. Exel, such as in making activity reports covering the results of the contest, filing of GPAI for UAS, UTS, UKK and USBN, financial reports, monthly routine reports of teaching and learning activities GPAI, and archiving correspondence in all aspects, making KKGPAI take a long time to completing the results of the contest to be informed to the school in the sub-district Gerokgak, data collection of funds and the expenditures that will be reported by the secretary to the chairman of the KKG, filing letters and questions made KKGPAI-SDN team compilers, reports on teaching and learning activities to be reported to the Office The Ministry of Religion of Buleleng Regency as a monthly fixed report for KKGPAI and GPAI every month as a means of assessing the District-level KKG and GPAI in advancing its vision and mission.
 Data collection methods carried out are through observation or field observation, interwiew or interview and literature study. The software development method used is the waterfall method through 5 stages, namely, the analysis stage, the design stage, the coding stage, the testing phase and the maintenance phase.
 From the explanation and the results of the discussion above can be concluded that the Administrative Information System Working Group Teachers Islamic Religious Education Gerokgak District was designed using PHP and MySQL programming language as one form of efforts to improve the quality Teacher Working Group Administration in District Gerokgak.

This article duscuss the enactment of Narcotics Examination Certificate (SKPN) as requirements for marriage request at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) is located in Nunukan, Nunukan, North Kalimantan. As a local policy, it must be reviewed from the principle of government administration and the benefits for society. This is very important so that in the future, this policy will not be considered illegal. By using qualitative research methods and extracting data through interviews, documentation and observation, this research concludes as follows. Implementation of the addition of SKPN as requirement for marital administration has fulfilled the principle of government administration, which consists of legal aspects, protection of human rights (HAM) and principles of good general government (APUB). Meanwhile, from maqāṣid syarī’ah perspective, the benefits of the policy is the protection of religion, soul, mind, wealth, and honor or lineage.Artikel ini mendiksusikan pemberlakuan Surat Keterangan Pemeriksaan Narkoba (SKPN) sebagai persyaratan permohonan kehendak nikah di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Nunukan Kabupaten Nunukan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Sebagai kebijakan lokal, kebijakan ini harus ditinjau dari asas penyelenggaraan administrasi pemerintahan dan kemanfaatannya bagi masyarakat. Hal ini sangat penting agar dikemudian hari, kebijakan ini tidak dianggap melanggar hukum. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan penggalian data melalui interview, dokumentasi dan observasi, penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut. Pelaksanaan penambahan SKPN sebagai syarat administrasi perkawinan telah memenuhi asas penyelenggaraan administrasi pemerintahan, yang terdiri dari aspek legalitas, perlindungan hak asasi manusia (HAM) dan asas pemerintahan umum yang baik (APUB). Sementara itu, dari perspektif maqāṣid syarī’ah, kemanfaatan dari kebijakan tersebut meliputi perlindungan terhadap agama, jiwa, akal, harta, dan kehormatan atau keturunan.

Resumo: O presente artigo estuda, inicialmente, o Santo Ofício português – iniciado em 1536 e oficialmente extinto apenas no século XIX, em 1821 –, procurando abordar alguns aspectos históricos, sociais, políticos e culturais decorrentes do funcionamento do tribunal inquisitorial em solo luso. Para tanto, dialoga-se com historiadores e intelecuais como António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, dentre outros. Em um segundo momento do estudo, analisa-se a obra História da origem e estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal (1854), de Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), buscando-se evidenciar a forma pela qual a narrativa historiográfica herculaniana constituiu um discurso crítico em relação à institucionalização da Inquisição no reino português – durante a monarquia de D. João III – e aos laços estreitos entre os poderes real e religioso.Palavras-chave: Inquisição; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Abstract: This article initially studies the Portuguese Holy Office - which began in 1536 and was officially extinguished only in the 19th century, in 1821 - and seeks to address some historical, social, political and cultural aspects arising from the operation of the Inquisitorial Court on Portuguese soil. To do so, it dialogues with historians and intellectuals such as António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, among others. In a second moment of study, the work History of the origin and establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal (1854), by Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), is analyzed, seeking to highlight the way in which the herculanian historiographic narrative constituted a discursive criticism in relation to the institutionalization of the Inquisition in the Portuguese kingdom – during the monarchy of D. João III – and to the close ties between the real and religious powers.Keywords:Inquisition; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Resumo: O presente artigo[1] estuda, inicialmente, o Santo Ofício português – iniciado em 1536 e oficialmente extinto apenas no século XIX, em 1821 –, procurando abordar alguns aspectos históricos, sociais, políticos e culturais decorrentes do funcionamento do tribunal inquisitorial em solo luso. Para tanto, dialoga-se com historiadores e intelecuais como António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, dentre outros. Em um segundo momento do estudo, analisa-se a obra História da origem e estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal (1854), de Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), buscando-se evidenciar a forma pela qual a narrativa historiográfica herculaniana constituiu um discurso crítico em relação à institucionalização da Inquisição no reino português – durante a monarquia de D. João III – e aos laços estreitos entre os poderes real e religioso.Palavras-chave: Inquisição; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.Abstract: This article initially studies the Portuguese Holy Office - which began in 1536 and was officially extinguished only in the 19th century, in 1821 - and seeks to address some historical, social, political and cultural aspects arising from the operation of the Inquisitorial Court on Portuguese soil. To do so, it dialogues with historians and intellectuals such as António Baião, Anita Novinsky, António Sérgio, Lana Lage da Gama Lima, Giuseppe Marcocci, José Pedro Paiva, Toby Green, António José Saraiva, Eduardo Lourenço, among others. In a second moment of study, the work History of the origin and establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal (1854), by Alexandre Herculano (1810-1877), is analyzed, seeking to highlight the way in which the herculanian historiographic narrative constituted a discursive criticism in relation to the institutionalization of the Inquisition in the Portuguese kingdom – during the monarchy of D. João III – and to the close ties between the real and religious powers.Keywords: Inquisition; Portugal; Alexandre Herculano.[1] Este estudo é parte da tese As representações da Inquisição nos discursos historiográfico de Alexandre Herculano e literário de José Saramago, defendida em 2014, na UFJF.

<p class="IIABSTRAK333">Marriage that is not registered to the office of religious affairs (KUA) is considered as <em>Siri marriage</em>. It often occurs in the society while invites pros and cons among them. The perpetrators usually have different motivations to commit this kind of marriage. Un­fortunately, marriage law does not set unequivocally about the legal status of <em>Siri </em>marriage. But it emphasizes the importance of registered marriage as a legal event. The registration of marriage has significance to the various events that are resulted from the marriage: the administration of population and the guarantee of civil rights for the concerned parties. The occurrence of <em>Siri</em> marriage will cause problems for the perpetrators and their families, both legal and social problems. Nevertheless there are positive and negative values in this marriage. So, the aspects of <em>maslahat</em> and <em>madlarat</em> should be considered in order to realize the legitimate purpose of marriage.</p><p class="IIABSTRAK333">_________________________________________________________</p>Perkawinan yang tidak dicatatkan di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) dikenal sebagai kawin siri. Perkawinan ini sering terjadi dalam masyarakat dan mengundang pro dan kontra diantara mereka. Pe­laku kawin siri mempunyai berbagai ragam motivasi yang ber­beda satu dengan lainnya. Sayangnya, hukum perkawinan tidak meng­atur secara tegas tentang status hukum kawin siri. Hukum per­kawin­an hanya menekankan arti pentingnya pencatatan per­kawinan sebagai sebuah peristiwa hukum. Pencatatan perkawinan ini mempunyai arti penting terhadap berbagai peristiwa yang di­timbulkan sebagai akibat adanya perkawinan baik administrasi kependudukan maupun jaminan hak-hak keperdataan bagi para pihak yang berkepentingan. Terjadinya kawin siri akan menimbul­kan problematika bagi para pelakunya dan keluarganya, baik pro­blematika hukum maupun problematika sosial. Meskipun demikian terdapat nilai positif dan negatif pada kawin siri tersebut. Oleh karena itu harus dipertimbangkan aspek maslahat dan madlarat agar perkawinan siri tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan di­syari’at­kan­nya perkawinan.

<p>This research was done at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri I in Pontianak,<br />the capital of Western Borneo. The focus of the research was the imple­<br />mentation of Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP) at Madrasah<br />Aliyah Negeri I Pontianak which was seen from the aspects of the imple­<br />mentation of KTSP itself, of the management, of the administration of<br />the management, of developmental method, of learning facilities, and of<br />the evaluation of learning system. In addition, this research also exam­<br />ined how learners' perceptions of the implementation of KTSP were.</p><p><br />From the result of the research showed that the implementation of<br />KTSP at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri I Pontianak could run well in accor­<br />dance with learning procedure, namely operationally the curriculum<br />had been composed by the education unit itself with various kinds of<br />dynamism although it did not free from the standard of content which<br />was composed by BSNP (National Education Standard Agency). Simi­<br />larly, learners' perceptions showed that they understood enough and<br />were able to follow the learning process with KTSP as the new curricu­<br />lum after the application of KBK (Competency Based-Curriculum).</p><p><br />However, on another side, there were several disadvantages which<br />needed improvement such as human resources factor, namely teachers<br />who had experience in local level but lacked insight into communica­<br />tion in national level, frequent occurrences of technical obstacles in the<br />implementation, insufficient facilities for the learning process such as<br />incomplete multimedia and the existing learning media if they were con­<br />nected to the ratio of learners, a high shortage of teachers' handbooks<br />so that on average teachers only mentioned 2 reference books namely I<br />package book and I book published by Toha Putra Semarang and prac­ <br />tically the supervision of education has not yet been done by counselors<br />from Regional Office of Ministry of Religious Affairs of Pontianak.</p>

This paper aims to discover how to frame Muhammadiyah’s political direction news in the 2019 Presidential Election on Republika.co.id, Kumparan.com, and Tribunnews.com. From this phenomenon arises a question of precisely the political direction of Muhammadiyah in the 2019 Presidential Election? The method used in this research is the framing analysis of Robert N. Entman’s model, which states that each media constructing news must go through two stages, namely the selection of issues and the highlighting of aspects. Analyzing data obtained through 4 steps, (1) Define problems, (2) Diagnose causes, (3) Make moral judgment, and (4) Treatment Recommendation. This research shows that Muhammadiyah is a social organization in an association engaged in da'wah Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar and Tajdid. Muhammadiyah as a religious movement has always been a lyric for the participants of the presidential election because it has an excellent political power second after Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), which is said to be a representation of the voice of Muslims. In early September, the number one vice-presidential candidate, Ma'ruf Amin, visited the central office. Muhammadiyah, and the previous month, the number two pair, Prabowo-Sandiaga, also asked for a blessing to participate in the 5th Annual event. After that, I reveal that this study showed three online mass media: Republika.co.id, Kumparan.com, and Tribunnews.com in their coverage of Muhammadiyah's political direction in the 2019 presidential election were neutral. Muhammadiyah, as a religious organization, chose consistency to maintain neutrality in the presidential election and give all Muhammadiyah citizens freedom to vote at the five-yearly event.Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pembingkaian berita arah politik Muhammadiyah pada Pemilihan Presiden tahun 2019 di portal berita Republika.co.id, Kumparan.com dan Tribunnews.com. Dari fenomena ini muncul sebuah pertanyaan kemana sebenarnya arah politik Muhammadiyah pada Pemilihan Presiden Tahun 2019? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis framing model Robert N. Entman, yang menyatakan bahwa setiap media mengkontruksi berita harus melalui dua tahap, yaitu seleksi isu dan penonjolan aspek. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui 4 tahap, (1) Define problems, (2) Diagnose causes, (3) Make moral judgement, dan (4) Treatment Recommendation. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Muhammadiyah merupakan organisasi sosial kemasyarakatan dalam bentuk persyarikatan yang bergerak pada wilayah dakwah amar ma’ruf nahi munkar dan tajdid. Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan keagamaan selalu menjadi lirikan bagi peserta pemilihan presiden di setiap waktunya, sebab digadang-gadang memiliki kekuatan politik yang menjanjikan kedua setelah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) yang konon merupakan representasi dari suara umat Islam. Pada awal bulan September yang lalu, calon wakil presiden nomor urut 1 Ma’ruf Amin berkunjung ke kantor PP. Muhammadiyah, dan bulan sebelumnya, pasangan nomor urut 2 yaitu Prabowo-Sandiaga juga meminta restu untuk mengikuti ajang 5 Tahunan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ketiga media massa online yakni: Republika.co.id, Kumparan.com dan Tribunnews.com dalam pemberitaannya terhadap arah politik Muhammadiyah dalam Pilpres 2019 bersikap netral. Muhammadiyah sebagai ormas keagamaan memilih istiqomah menjaga netralitas dalam Pilpres tersebut dan memberikan kekebasan bagi seluruh warga Muhammadiyah untuk memberikan hak suaranya pada perhelatan lima tahunan tersebut.

With the overthrow of the regime of Reza Pahlavi in 1979, the Iranian revolution ended the existence of the 2,500-year-old Persian Empire and built the Islamic Republic of Iran on its foundations. The revolution was the product of three independent social structures that merged at one point. One was the structure of constitutionalism that grew out of a century-long struggle for democracy supported by modernists; the second was Islamism as a movement to set Sharia law as the primary law supported by rural elements in society in response to Western urban elites and accepted by merchants; and the third is the nationalist structure, driven by rage fueled by Iran's long subordination to European powers. The basic principle of the Islamic Republic of Iran, proclaimed by the new constitution from 1979, is the positioning of God as the supreme bearer of people's sovereignty and people who are only marginal representatives of his power on Earth. Ayatollah Homenini, the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution and the Iranian state, in this regard created a thesis about the Islamic State as a political representation, created on the basis of the people's will, in order to enforce God's laws. In practice, such system meant setting up Sharia (religious) laws as the only source of law in regulating social, legal and other relations within the community. A dichotomy has been created in the management of the state, so there are two groups of authorities. The first, the conciliar, consists of the Supreme leader, the Council of Guardians (Shora-ye Negahban-e Qanun-e assassi), the Council of Experts (Majles-e Khobragan Rahbari) and the Judgment Council. The task of these councils is to oversee the activities of all levels of government in order to preserve the unity, sovereignty and integrity of the Iranian political system. The conciliar government supervises and advises the republican part of the government, ie. its legislative, executive and judicial aspects. In addition to conciliar government, there is a republican government that creates laws and political decisions in accordance with religious teachings and under the supervision of theocratic political institutions. All laws and court decisions must be based on the principles of the Qur'an, and their proper interpretation requires an understanding of religious principles. On the basis of the constitution, a special High Judicial Council was established, which amended the pre-revolutionary laws (criminal, commercial, civil and procedural), thus creating the so-called “Transitional law”. The biggest changes affected the area of criminal law, where the principle of talion revenge was introduced (“an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”) and the strict punishment of extramarital relations and same-sex relationships. In the domain of marital and family law, a man is given a number of rights, thus putting the woman, as a marital partner, in a more unequal position. Husbands were facilitated in divorce, temporary marriages with more than one woman were allowed, while on the other hand women were allowed the right to divorce only if it was explicitly allowed by her husband during the marriage. The revolution also introduced new sources in the regulation of legal relations. Thus, by an order of the Supreme Judicial Council of 23 August 1982, judges were ordered to use direct authoritative Islamic texts or sources on which to base their judgments in resolving disputes. Judges are required by this Order to address the Council of Guardians of the Constitution if they cannot determine with certainty whether a regulation is in accordance with Sharia law or not. If the judge does not know which law to apply, he must contact the Office of Ayatollah Khomeini for further instructions. In addition to the internal one, the revolution caused radical changes in the foreign policy field, positioning Iran as an important participant in numerous international processes at the regional and global level.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO) was founded in 1850 with the first exhaustive Population Census, which from then on was conducted on a ten-year cycle until 2000, and which was replaced after that by the annual “structural surveys” based on a population sample and the use of data from administrative registers. In 2018, the FSO started a project aiming to emphasize the full value of historical data from these previous Population Censuses records in order to publish some significant historical results and present on that basis some of the major developments that have occurred in Switzerland in the last 150 years. In this context, analog data have been digitized, and with this raw material, stories on important themes concerning the development of modern Switzerland have been written. These stories consist of a narrative approach that focuses on visual communication by mixing cartographic visualizations, charts and historical photographs, which support the written text and significantly contribute to the narrative.</p><p>Eight stories were drafted under this project, and their choice is based on both the availability of data over time, as well as the importance of these topics for the Swiss population and society – with the activity of official statistics always being a mirror that reflects society’s concerns. The various topics addressed in this project are population dynamics and demographic structure, cultural and religious aspects, the development of building area and the occupation of the territory, the structural development of the economy and finally the changes in the institutional structure of the country. These topics are addressed in their temporal and spatial dimension, and cover a period of more than 150 years.</p><p>This narrative approach – unique in the context of the FSO’s statistical dissemination – requires important work in the field of data visualization in particular with regard to thematic maps. Indeed, the spatial resolution of the digitized data –the smallest institutional spatial division; the Swiss municipalities – has required the production of new historicized geometries for every single Population Census since 1850. The fusions and dissociations of spatial units that have occurred during the past 150 years have profoundly marked the institutional structure of Switzerland. This dynamic is a challenge in the ongoing work of data management and cartographic production, and the FSO is proud to now have basemaps that precisely describe the state of the geometry for every census. This enables the production of numerous series of thematic maps at municipality level, and provides map readers the opportunity to observe changes in Swisssociety and its structures with unprecedented resolution over a very long time.</p><p>The dissemination of these stories is ensured through a website created ad hoc for the occasion. The production work is carried out in close collaboration with a web developer, a graphic designer and the FSO’s cartography competence center. The aim is to produce a new, original web publication intended for a broad audience, that is both relevant and attractive, and has a layout optimized to invite the user onto a visual journey in time along the history of the Federal Population Census.</p><p>With regard to cartographic visualizations, the produced maps have been the subject of a rehabilitated layout for maximum readability and efficiency and a high aesthetic quality. The addition of comments and the focus on specific observations facilitates reading and interpreting maps and supports the narrative. To provide maximum flexibility with respect to the graphics and enable quick loading of visualizations, these are integrated into HTML pages as SVG, which can subsequently be animated in the website. In a concurrent and complementary way, the produced maps are also made available in the Interactive Statistical Atlas of Switzerland (which is the FSO’s main means of thematic maps dissemination). This allows for the interactive exploration of maps, the visualization of animated time series, and data dissemination in the form of downloadable Excel files directly from the application.</p><p>This attempt at (carto)graphic narration is an opportunity to question narrative approaches in the field of graphic visualization in a very concrete framework of historical data valorization. Since storytelling and its cartographic variants in the form of story maps are an important trend today, this project provides an example and a contribution to this approach. The presentation will focus on presenting the structure and content of the stories, focusing on the cartographic and technical aspects of storytelling, and presenting the different choices and challenges encountered. In addition, editorial and technical strengths and weaknesses will also be discussed. As this project is a work in progress that will take place throughout 2019, this contribution also aims to be submitted to peer review, in order to improve our products in the future.

In 2013, multiple articles reporting the clinical trial of valsartan, an antihypertensive drug of more than US$ 1 billion annual sales from Novartis, were retracted due to data falsification.1,2 These included the Kyoto Heart Study presented by Dr. Hiroaki Matsubara at the European Society of Cardiology 2009 Congress and subsequently published in the European Heart Journal (EHJ).3,4 Aside from retraction of this article by EHJ, the American Heart Association (AHA) also retracted five papers published in three of its journals -- Circulation, Circulation Research, and Hypertension.4 Novartis employees were involved in the conduct and analysis of the Kyoto Heart Study and a second investigator-initiated trial, the Jikei Heart Study,5 although their participation was not acknowledged in publications and presentations of the data, while a Novartis employee who allegedly manipulated statistical data was listed as one of the academic authors, without disclosing the relation with the company.4,6
 This scandal has severely damaged scientific integrity in Japan and set the stage for the
 “Tokyo Declaration on Research Integrity and Ethical Publication in Science and Medicine in the Asia Pacific Region” adopted at the 2013 Convention of the Asia Pacific Association of Medi­cal Journal Editors (APAME) held in Tokyo from 2 to 4 August 2013, and co-published by Journals linked to APAME and listed in the Index Medicus for the South East Asian Region (IMSEAR) and the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM), including the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, with a Special Announcement in this issue.7 
 
 At the core of research integrity and ethical publication is responsible and accountable authorship. The ICMJE "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" has been replaced by the “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.”8 An important change under these new guidelines is an additional criterion for authorship, totaling four (4) instead of three (3) criteria.
 The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:8 
 
 Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
 Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
 Final approval of the version to be published; AND
 Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
 
 In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors. One cannot be listed as a co-author for the credit it brings, without being equally accountable in case of discredit. For example, consultant advisers and seniors who would consider adding their names as co-authors of a junior resident, are equally accountable for research misconduct (such as data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism), and cannot lay the blame on one (usually junior) author.
 While all those designated as authors should meet all four criteria for authorship, and all who meet the four criteria should be identified as authors, those who do not meet all four criteria should be acknowledged. Hence, it is more appropriate for consultant advisers and seniors who do not meet all four criteria for authorship to be acknowledged in this manner.
 
 Our journal seeks to maintain the highest standards of biomedical publication, and fully supports the APAME Tokyo Declaration on Research Integrity and Ethical Publication in Science and Medicine in the Asia – Pacific Region as well as the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. Multiple accreditations and indexing are testimony to these standards.
 
 It was surprising therefore, that a letter from the Commission on Higher Education Journal Accreditation System dated 26 April 2013, which we received 26 May 2013, informed us of our reaccreditation under Category B based on the “recommendation of the panel of evaluators” who “pointed out the need to improve the journal’s refereeing system, regularity of publication/circulation and timeliness.”9
 
 I respectfully responded to these remarks10 stating that:
 
 the Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg is one of the few consistently compliant journals accredited by the National Journal Selection Committee of the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology. Our journal has a reputable loco-regional stature evidenced by international contributions from the USA, Japan, Turkey, Malaysia, India and Brunei, and has consistently been recognized as a benchmark journal by the Philippine Association of Medical Journal Editors and Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors. It functions as the de facto ASEAN Journal in the field of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.
 
 It is always regularly published on time, and indexed in the Health Research and Development Network (HERDIN-NeON) supported by the PCHRD-DOST; Philippine Journals On Line (PhilJOL) and Asia Journals On Line (AsiaJOL) supported by the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP); the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM) of the World Health Organization (WHO), APAMED Central and the Index Copernicus™ Journals Master List. It has always met the accreditation criteria of these services. The journal’s online peer review system is used as an example for other local journals, including in National Medical Writing and Reviewing Workshops organized by the PCHRD (2012 Cebu and Davao, 2013 Baguio and Iloilo), in the Philippine National Health Research System Week (2011 Bacolod, 2012 Manila, 2013 Laoag) as well as for regional journals in Medical Writing and Review Workshops held in Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Cambodia. Several local and regional journals have been thus assisted by us in their editing and peer review systems. 
 
 As a Category A Accredited Research Journal (Batch 1) for 2009 – 2012 per Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order No. 09 s. 2010 and Resolution No. 477-2009, effective December 9, 2009 (signed May 26, 2010), our journal has faithfully complied with all the terms of the JAS, including “acknowledgement in the published journal that the publication thereof was a product of the Journal Accreditation Service project of the Commission on Higher Education” in the inside front cover of every issue. Moreover, we have gone beyond the dissemination requirement by providing a complimentary copy of each issue to every Medical School Library in the Philippines. 
 
 I ended by reiterating that our journal “has more than complied with the requirements of the Journal Accreditation Service of the Commission on Higher Education for reaccreditation as a Category A Accredited Research Journal, and beg(ged) the honorable review panel to reconsider its recommendation.”10
 
 It turned out that previously-submitted copies of our journal had been inadvertently misplaced, leading to our downgrade from Category A to B. Expecting full reinstatement, I was surprised to receive a response dated 23 July 2013 on 23 August 2013, informing us that:
 
 “the Technical Evaluators decided to classify the said journal as ‘conditional category A’ pending submission of enhanced volumes with sober and serious formats to project scientific/scholarly image. While refereed journals often contain many graphs and charts, these do not normally include glossy pages (e.g. advertisements) or exciting pictures (e.g. captoons) which noticeably appeared in the issues that you submitted.”11 
 
 I again respectfully responded to these remarks by citing12 
 
 the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations) updated August 2013, cited 29 August 2013 available at http://www.icmje.org/urm_main.html8
 
 The recommendations have clear guidelines on advertising, and do not forbid exciting pictures and cartoons. Nowhere do they constrain scholarly medical journals to maintain “sober and serious formats to project scientific/scholarly image.” The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery is listed among the Journals Following ICMJE Recommendations http://www.icmje.org/journals.html13
 The top-tier journals in medicine (BMJ, JAMA, Lancet and NEJM) as well as Science and Nature all have advertising in glossy pages and exciting pictures and cartoons, even on their covers. The same is true for our major journals in the field of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. I provided the technical panel with copies of the Instructions to Authors of these journals, as well as photographs of actual caricatures from their covers and inside pages. Finally, I also attached an excerpt from: Bennett HJ. Humor in Medicine. South Med J. 2003;96(12)14 for the perusal of the honourable Technical Panel.
 As of press time, we have not received a reply from the Technical Panel, but have received advise from the Office of Policy, Planning, Research and Information of the Commission on Higher Education to withhold, in the meantime, our inside front cover acknowledgement that the publication of this issue “was a product of the Journal Accreditation Service project of the Commission on Higher Education.” However, we shall continue to provide a complimentary copy of this issue to every Medical School Library in the Philippines as a valuable service of our Society and Journal as we await the resolution of this situation.