Academic literature on the topic 'Religious, political and societal involvements'

The politics of coloured people in twentieth-century South Africa have generally been characterised as marginal from mainstream South African events. Correspondingly, attempts to initiate political developments along cultural or ethnic lines - emphasising Mama or Griqua identity, for example - have been noted primarily for their divisive and factional composition. Such writings focus on overt political action. They highlight either leaders’ involvement with, or opposition to, state structures; or the internal, often petty and frustrated conflicts between leaders, but fail to explain the marginalisation of coloured politics. But this emphasis on ‘the political’ removes from our gaze other, more productive avenues for understanding the identity of mixed-race people in South Africa. Political activity, for the Griqua, cannot be evaluated except through the lens of Christianity. Since religion promises to fulfil people's ambitions through redemption in the afterlife, Griqua-Christian ideas about overt political quests and active campaigning against discrimination - on either an individual or societal level - tended to be deemed unnecessary. As it was God who ultimately meted out punishments or rewards, Griqua people's energies were better used worshipping him. Nonetheless, these same Griqua people lived in the profane world in which - at least during the apartheid era - they were officially classified as ‘coloured’. Their struggles, based primarily on the need for official ethnic recognition as Griqua, were, in effect, political struggles. This partly Griqua, partly coloured identity enabled them considerable political flexibility and produced the complex social patterns explored below. A further distinction underpinning the Griqua-coloured ambiguity was that between inkommers (newcomers) and boorlings (people born to Griqua-town).

This study employs a literature review methodology to investigate the interplay among religious freedom, religiosity, and economic development. It examines how religious freedom influences religiosity levels and economic growth, drawing on various research propositions and empirical evidence. The research relies on reputable international journal sources and keywords related to religious economy, competition, markets, and their impact on religiosity and economic development. The study reveals a significant relationship between religious freedom and religiosity, highlighting seven key propositions, including the role of state involvement in regulating religious activities, the effects of unregulated religious activities, and the impact on societal acceptance of religious symbols and rituals. It also explores the connection between religious freedom and economic development, emphasizing that it is integral to civil and political liberties, removing barriers to innovation, trade, and investment and ultimately contributing to social stability and cultural diversity. In conclusion, this study illuminates the complex connections between religious freedom, religiosity, and economic development, offering insights for policymakers to protect religious rights, encourage pluralism, and foster a diverse and inclusive society that values religious freedom and economic growth.

Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist organization with significant global implications, holds a substantial political, military and societal presence in the Levant region. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of Hamas, delving into its historical evolution, ideological foundations and operational tactics, providing an intricate understanding of its role within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It traces Hamas's trajectory from its origins as a religious and social movement to its current status as a terrorist organization with a political dimension. Furthermore, this study dissects the organization's objectives and strategies, shedding light on its territorial aspirations, relationships with Israel, and other Palestinian factions and its position on the international stage.A pivotal focus of this analysis centers on the profiling of Hamas members, encompassing their diverse regional, socioeconomic, educational and cultural backgrounds. This emphasis highlights the nuanced factors driving their affiliation with the organization. Empirical research findings underscore the intricate motivations behind Hamas membership, encompassing religious fervor, socio-political discontent and external influences as pivotal factors. Additionally, the study explores the roles and activities of Hamas members, including their involvement in leadership, military operations, political engagement and social functions, each contributing to the multi-faceted nature of the organization.

Despite the teachings of Islam that advocate for women's rights and empowerment, a substantial disparity persists between the ideal principles and the actual conditions in numerous Muslim communities. Women in many Muslim-majority nations encounter diverse challenges hindering their empowerment and complete societal involvement. Key factors contributing to the predicament of women's empowerment in Islam encompass patriarchal attitudes and cultural norms that confine women's roles and opportunities, as well as limited access to education and training, restricting their active participation in economic and political spheres. Present-day concerns include workplace discrimination and bias against women, encompassing unequal pay and limited advancement opportunities. Additionally, insufficient access to healthcare, education, societal engagement, and reproductive rights adversely affect women's health and well-being. Gender-based violence and harassment, encompassing domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking, exacerbate these challenges. Legal inadequacies in protecting and enforcing women's rights regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property ownership further compound the issue. Misinterpretation and misapplication of religious teachings contribute to harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions and policy changes to dismantle significant barriers to women's empowerment in Muslim communities. The researcher employed an inductive approach, tracing research components from exegetical, hadith, and jurisprudential books to derive general rulings. Subsequently, an analytical method was utilized to categorize and discuss scientific material, yielding specific rulings about the subject. The research reached certain significant results, emphasizing the promotion of women's rights, equality, and comprehensive societal participation to foster just and equitable societies. A focus on women's rights to education, societal engagement, economic independence, fair treatment in marriage, and protection from violence and discrimination is crucial. Quranic teachings offer valuable guidance for Muslims to contribute to women's empowerment in their societies actively.

Women's equal participation in politics is critical to women's advancement. This determination, however, is not to be made uniformly across the globe. Yet, in contemporary periods, it has witnessed a significant shift in women's political participation globally. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of women's overall participation, their socioeconomic status, and their valuable role in urban policy formulation and implementation in Bangladesh. In this analysis, primary and secondary data are integrated. Primary sources are referenced to substantiate theories and arguments asserted in the secondary literature, which are based on the case study of Narayanganj City Corporation. It is completed with the assistance of theories and contentions gleaned from secondary sources. Additionally, this study concludes with an examination of Bangladeshi women's position in the decision-making process. Another pressing need is to broaden the participation of women in political culture at the grassroots level. In urban areas, the City Corporation must interact with various government, autonomous, and semi-autonomous bodies. The situation of female ward councillors has deteriorated to the point where there is some ambiguity. Women's involvement in politics has been limited by a decline in financial capital and family support. Women can appeal to low-level politics thanks to a patriarchal viewpoint. In Bangladesh, women continue to struggle for equal rights and face political challenges. Societal norms enforce gender stereotypes. Religious restrictions are the most severe concern among Bangladesh's status issues, which have a complicated structure. Women are not politically socialized enough to participate in the political life of their country. The City Corporation's institutional rules and responsibilities are of little concern to women, and the existing regulations are insufficient. Therefore, the paper can reveal the actual scenario of women's representation and obstacles in the urban level of Bangladesh.

The involvement of Kurdish women in nationalistic revolutions has left many astonished. Kurdistan's history is enriched with many women that have had leadership roles in political, religious, and even military positions. This research examined the life of modern working women in Kurdistan that have turned to entrepreneurship to break from societal ties in addition to expressing their creativity and unique skills while continuing to meet their responsibilities as daughters, wives, and mothers. The purpose of this research was to answer questions regarding the motives of female entrepreneurs as well as the general and gender-based barriers that female entrepreneurs face in the Region. According to Al-silefanee (2019), the entrepreneurial ecosystem consists of two significant elements, the entrepreneur and the environment in which the entrepreneur operates. Regardless of how new the idea of entrepreneurship is to KRI, the region has the chance to build-up the entrepreneurship ecosystem by encouraging entrepreneurship through the development of an environment that facilitates entrepreneurial youth and initiate economic growth. Keywords: Female Entrepreneurship; Online Businesses; Entrepreneurship Motives.

This study delves into the intricate connection between culture and social norms, which together mould the backdrop of all democratic practices. Culture, encompassing a rich array of customs, rituals, religious beliefs, traditions, music and enterprise, exerts fundamental influence in shaping human conduct and, by extension, democratic norms. Through its pervasive impact, culture intricately weaves together the social and political realms unveiling the nuanced effects of norms and practices on accountability, inclusivity, tolerance and transparency within democratic systems. This study focuses on The Gambia as a case study, evaluating the distinct campaign and voting processes in this country, and providing an analysis aimed at affirming the practical significance and impact of culture on democracy. An exploration of the interplay between cultural norms and democratic processes emphasises their sway over civic participation, pluralism and the core tenets of democracy. The study examines how culture, as a formative force, shapes individual outlooks toward political engagement, spotlighting the substantial influence of factors like religion, tradition and socialisation. The study elucidates on this relationship by casting a spotlight on the fundamental association between humanities and culture. It highlights how humanities serve as the cornerstone upon which various aspects of culture are constructed (Bewaji, 2017). The study conclusively underscores that culture wields substantial guidance on democratic practices, by acting as the foundation upon which societal norms and political behaviours are constructed. Making sense of the ways in which culture moulds democratic involvement allows policymakers, cultural activists and scholars to develop strategies for harnessing cultural strengths. Overall, the study enriches the broader discourse on democracy in Africa by showing the intricate interplay between culture and the operational dynamics of democracy.

The February issue of Al-Burhan journal commences with an illuminating exploration into the profound realm of Maqāṣid al-Qur’ān. This meticulous analysis unveils the inherent noble goals of preservation, justice, compassion, and knowledge within the Quranic framework. By adeptly integrating expert insights and diverse methodologies, the study not only sheds light on the nuanced understanding of Maqāṣid but also accentuates its enduring relevance across varied contexts and epochs. It eloquently advocates for a just and compassionate way of life rooted in Islamic principles, fostering harmony among diverse communities, while poignantly emphasising the Qur’ān’s profound significance as a timeless source of divine wisdom.
 The subsequent article ventures into an examination of critical thinking from a Quranic perspective, highlighting the deficiencies in conventional education systems. It stresses the imperative of integrating ethical, moral, and spiritual dimensions into traditional frameworks, recognising knowledge beyond the empirical. Drawing parallels between Quranic teachings and Western models, the research aims to promote a comprehensive approach to critical thinking. By prioritising moral and spiritual growth alongside technical skills, it challenges prevailing educational paradigms and advocates for holistic development.
 Understanding the communication methods of Prophet Mohammad (SAW) holds paramount importance for both Muslims and non-Muslims seeking to emulate his sunnah. Through a comprehensive archival study of ahadeeth in Sahih Al-Bukhari, the subsequent article unveils quantitative insights into the verbal and nonverbal communicative elements employed by the Prophet. This research provides valuable insights into Prophet Mohammad's communicative example, guiding successful messaging and adherence to his Sunnah.
 The halal certification process undergoes a thorough analysis in the fourth article, utilizing Quranic verses and Shariah principles as guiding benchmarks. By focusing on legislation, practicality, harm elimination, and positive impact, the research evaluates market leaders across various sectors. It emphasises the necessity of incorporating Shariah principles in understanding customer demand, especially in sectors such as processed food and clothing. Ultimately, the research aims to foster economic and social growth through the production and consumption of more halal products and services.
 The fifth article delves into the importance of applied research in driving societal change, particularly in addressing pressing issues such as food shortages exacerbated by population growth. Despite the absence of explicit mention in the Qur’an, the study adeptly demonstrates the relevance of applied research in enhancing agricultural productivity. Through illuminating examples from diverse contexts, the research highlights the indispensable role of applied research in addressing societal issues and fostering tangible positive transformations.
 A nuanced exploration of human evolution from an Islamic standpoint is presented in the sixth article, navigating the tensions between scientific theories and religious beliefs. By highlighting the centrality of mankind's creation in Islamic theology and contrasting it with evolutionary concepts, the article prompts critical reflection and scholarly inquiry. It highlights the importance of a thorough understanding of both Islamic teachings and biological evidence in addressing this contentious issue.
 The seventh article offers a comprehensive examination of women's political engagement in Iraq post-2003, shedding light on their significant strides despite facing numerous challenges. Through historical, descriptive, and political analysis, the text underscores the noteworthy involvement of Iraqi women in governmental and parliamentary roles, showcasing their ongoing efforts to promote progress within the political system.
 Moving to the first Arabic article in this issue, the study meticulously examines the foundational principles of political authority in Islam. It highlights the consensus among Islamic scholars regarding the state's role in ensuring the welfare and happiness of citizens, emphasizing justice, trustworthiness, truth, and freedom in political governance.
 The ninth article addresses the humanity of individuals in their interactions with people of diverse faiths, emphasizing humane relations devoid of violence, extremism, and selfishness. By illuminating the Prophet's (SAW) interactions with non-Muslims, the research seeks to promote justice and generosity that transcend religious, sectarian, societal, and cultural boundaries.
 Finally, the insightful study delves into the religious dimension of the African identity crisis, examining the resistance against Western colonization in West African countries. Through a theoretical framework grounded in historical sources, the research underscores the enduring influence of figures who resisted colonial encroachment, preserving Islam's significance in Gambian society.
 In summary, the February edition presents an array of scholarly contributions that meticulously examine various facets of Islamic thought, historical narratives, and contemporary challenges, all deeply rooted in the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah. These articles collectively enrich the understanding while fostering rigorous discourse, transcending the confines of academia to engage a broader audience.
 
 
 Nurul Jannah Zainan Nazri
 Editor
 Al-Burhan Journal of Qur’an and Sunnah Studies
 
 
 

ABSTRACT Socio-religious movements are intrinsically linked to religious autho­rities within a society, including those of traditional Islamic movements in Madura which significantly shaps the power dynamics of local religious authorities. The influence of the kiai, a local Muslim leader, extends well beyond religious authority, shaping political, social, economic, and cultural life in significant ways. However, the roles of other authorities, such as the Ustaz, often go overlooked in the Madurese society. This article delves into the roles of three religious authorities in Kangean Island, Madura: the Kiai, Ustaz, and Ghuru Morok (Kiai Langgar). This ethnographic research was conducted through in-depth interviews and active involvement in various activities of these religious authority figures. The researcher also made extensive observations of the activities of these religious authority figures through direct engagement. The data was collected and analyzed with a keen focus on understanding the unique roles and influences of these religious authorities within the cultural and societal context of Kangean Island. The study finds that the Kiai, identified with Traditional Islam and affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama, maintains a dualistic approach towards local traditions, encompassing both mystification and demystification. In contrast, the Ustaz, associated with Puritan Islamic groups affiliated with Persis and Muham­madiyah, tends to demystify local traditions. Meanwhile, the Ghuru Morok, although similar to the Kiai from traditional Islam, leans closer to Syncretic Islam in practice. The Ghuru Morok tends to mystify local traditions. Keywords: Religious authority, Contestation, Tolerance, Islamic Culture, Indonesian Muslim ABSTRAK Gerakan sosial keagamaan memiliki relasi kuat dengan otoritas keagamaan dalam masyarakat. Dominasi gerakan Islam tradisional di Madura misalnya, ikut serta membentuk kuasa otoritas keagamaan daerah ini. Kontrol kiai terhadap berbagai persoalan-persoalan masyarakat telah menjadi bagian inheren yang membuktikan bahwa kiai memiliki peran cukup kuat tidak saja dalam otoritas keagamaan, akan tetapi kuasa dan peran karismatik kiai juga memainkan peran dinamik dalam kehidupan politik, sosial, ekomomi dan budaya. Kendati demikian otoritas Ghuru Morok (Kiai Langgar) dan Ustaz kerap kali diabaikan atau diperlakukan sebagai otoritas lain dalam masyarakat Madura. Artikel ini menganalisis tiga otoritas keagamaan dalam masyarakat Pulau Kangean, Madura yakni: Kiai, ustaz dan Ghuru Morok (kiai Langgar). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kiai merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang identik dengan Islam Tradisional yang berafiliasi dengan Nahdlatul Ulama. Kiai merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang melakukan dua hal secara bersamaan terhadap tradisi lokal: mistifikasi dan demistifikasi. Sementara Ustaz identik dengan kelompok Islam Puritan yang berafiliasi dengan Persis dan Muhamma­diyah. Ustaz merupakan otoritas keagamaan yang cenderung melakukan demistifikasi terhadap tradisi lokal. Sementara sebaliknya, Ghuru Morok yang cenderung sama dengan Kiai dari kalangan Islam tradisional walaupun secara praktik lebih dekat dengan varian Islam Sinkretik. Ghuru Morok adalah otoritas keagamaan yang cenderung melakukan mistifikasi terhadap tradisi lokal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian etnografis, data penelitian didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan keterlibatan pene­liti dalam berbagai kegiatan-kegiatan ketiga otoritas keagamaan di lapangan. Pengamatan mendalam terhadap aktivitas-aktivitas ketiga otori­tas keagamaan juga dilakukan dengan keterlibatan langsung peneliti. Kata Kunci: Otoritas keagamaan, Kontestasi, Toleransi, Budaya Islam

The Sewol Ferry tragedy in April 2014 has drawn a renewed attention to the role of religion in South Korea. Theologians and religiously-motivated NGOs in Korea at the time and thereafter have called for the need for religion, and religious organizations, to become more actively involved with societal needs, especially after disasters, to help alleviate their pain by providing relief aid and counselling. Such calls for the greater involvement of religion in relief efforts have coincided with Pope Francis’ repeated calls for the Catholic Church’s greater involvement in social affairs on behalf of the poor and the underprivileged. This paper contends that these developments in and outside of Korea provide an opportune time to renew discussion on oft-misunderstood liberation theology. This is because the latter’s advocacy of an interpretation of the teachings of Jesus Christ from the perspective of the poor and the marginalized for the purpose of alleviating unjust economic, social, or political conditions is as compelling today as it was some 60 years ago when it first arose. The paper offers a reassessment of the role of religion in light of liberation theology, arguing that religion can make itself more relevant to people’s lives today by engaging more actively with social issues. The paper will pay special attention to liberation theology in the Korean context, namely minjungshinhak or “people’s theology.” The paper also discusses the implications of liberation theology for secularization theory, arguing, among others, that the former refutes the “decline of religion” thesis of the latter, since liberation theology manifests a different role of religion in contemporary society rather than its diminishing significance.