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1
Benson, D. Woodrow, and Mitchell I. Cohen. "Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: lessons learnt and lessons remaining." Cardiology in the Young 27, S1 (2017): S62—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951116002250.
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AbstractThe Wolff–Parkinson–White pattern refers to the electrocardiographic appearance in sinus rhythm, wherein an accessory atrioventricular pathway abbreviates the P-R interval and causes a slurring of the QRS upslope – the “delta wave”. It may be asymptomatic or it may be associated with orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia; however, rarely, even in children, it is associated with sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation resulting from a rapid response by the accessory pathway to atrial fibrillation, which itself seems to result from orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia. Historically, patients at risk for sudden death were characterised by the presence of symptoms and a shortest pre- excited R-R interval during induced atrial fibrillation <250 ms. Owing to the relatively high prevalence of asymptomatic Wolff–Parkinson–White pattern and availability of catheter ablation, there has been a need to identify risk among asymptomatic patients. Recent guidelines recommend invasive evaluation for such patients where pre-excitation clearly does not disappear during exercise testing. This strategy has a high negative predictive value only. The accuracy of this approach is under continued investigation, especially in light of other considerations: Patients having intermittent pre-excitation, once thought to be at minimal risk may not be, and the role of isoproterenol in risk assessment.
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Gully, Paul R. "Pandemics, regional outbreaks, and sudden-onset disasters." Healthcare Management Forum 33, no. 4 (2020): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470420901532.
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Pandemics of influenza, cholera, and plague are part of global history. Regional epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases, primarily influenza A, continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality while remaining unpredictable in nature. Sudden-onset disasters such as earthquakes and floods occur with little warning. The consequences of climate change and environmental degradation can only be expected to increase the incidence of some infectious diseases and weather-related crises, adding to the unpredictability of such events. Health leaders, both in public health and healthcare, need to understand the international context and how coordination and response across or within jurisdictions will improve the likelihood of successful management of challenges. Public health emergencies respect no borders or political structures. The ability of institutions to adapt quickly can make a difference in health outcomes and a community’s trust in those institutions.
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Ramezani, S., A. Moini, M. Riahi, and A. C. Marquez. "Predicting the remaining useful life in the presence of the regime-switching behaviour of health index using distance-based evidence theory." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, no. 1 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.1.37.
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With the development of new maintenance techniques based on condition monitoring, diagnostic and prognostic methods are also being extended. In the process of estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) using the data-driven approach, it is difficult to determine the degradation state of the equipment with several sources of information and to predict the remaining useful life with non-smooth data that have sudden changes inherent in the monitoring data. In this paper, a procedure is presented to address these two issues in which the degradation state of the equipment is determined in the presence of several information sources using a combination of the fuzzy c-means clustering and the combination rules of the Dempster-Shafer theory, and the prediction of the data for the estimation of the remaining useful life is carried out using an autoregressive Markov regime-switching (ARMRS) model that is capable of dealing with sudden changes in condition monitoring data. To evaluate the proposed model, the bearing dataset of the FEMTO-ST Institute is used. The experimental results show the high competitiveness of the proposed procedure compared to similar methods.
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Jaric, Marko, Sanja Petronic, Nikola Budimir, Katarina Colic, and Lazar Jeremic. "Analysis of the estimated remaining service life of gas rectification columns." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci201214083j.
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Gas rectification columns are process apparatuses which are very important part of each onshore plant. Sudden failure of these types of columns causes huge daily losses, while fluid leakage can be very dangerous for the people and hazardous for the environment. For that reason, a regular and correct examination of the column is of great importance for the continual process of leading. Together with the detailed examination of the column, a risk-based inspection was applied to maximize savings, both material, time, and costs. The expected remaining service life of rectification columns was also analyzed, while the corrosion rates were calculated according to the various international standards. The minimum required column wall thickness was calculated according to the most commonly used international standard and the obtained difference was analyzed. Detailed analysis of the total risks of the column due to potential failure is presented.
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Coughlin, K., and L. J. Gray. "A Continuum of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 2 (2009): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2792.1.
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Abstract The k-means cluster technique is used to examine 43 yr of daily winter Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar stratospheric data from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). The results show that the NH winter stratosphere exists in two natural well-separated states. In total, 10% of the analyzed days exhibit a warm disturbed state that is typical of sudden stratospheric warming events. The remaining 90% of the days are in a state typical of a colder undisturbed vortex. These states are determined objectively, with no preconceived notion of the groups. The two stratospheric states are described and compared with alternative indicators of the polar winter flow, such as the northern annular mode. It is shown that the zonally averaged zonal winds in the polar upper stratosphere at ∼7 hPa can best distinguish between the two states, using a threshold value of ∼4 m s−1, which is remarkably close to the standard WMO criterion for major warming events. The analysis also determines that there are no further divisions within the warm state, indicating that there is no well-designated threshold between major and minor warmings, nor between split and displaced vortex events. These different manifestations are simply members of a continuum of warming events.
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András, József, József Kovács, Endre András, Ildikó Kertész, and Ovidiu Bogdan Tomuș. "Remaining Lifetime Assessment of Bucket Wheel Excavator’s Boom Structure by Using Non-destructive Method." Acta Materialia Transylvanica 3, no. 1 (2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33924/amt-2020-01-02.
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AbstractThe bucket wheel excavators (BWE), when operating in faces with hard intrusions (rock structures with increased cutting resistance) are submitted to loads exceeding those arising during the operation in normal conditions. The most vulnerable structural element of the BWE from the point of view of these loads is the boom. The unexpected occurrence of hard formations produces shocks and vibrations, their unwanted effect being sudden failures of the constitutive elements and, in long term, fatigue, which increases the vulnerability of the mentioned structural element. In the paper we present the results obtained regarding the fatigue and remaining lifetime assessment using a new method, issued from the researches performed in the frame of BEWEXMIN project.
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Modi, Rahul A., Mubin I. Patel, Mandakini M. Patel, Suresh Padsala, and Jainisha Chaudhary. "Autopsy findings in sudden death in adults: a study of 150 cases." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 4 (2020): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201353.
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Background: World Health Organization (WHO) defines sudden death as “deaths within 24 hours from the onset of the symptoms”. It is also defined as death, which is sudden, unexpected, clinically unexplained. Aims of the study was to classify underlying causes of sudden death, to find out risk factors, associated diseases and triggers of sudden deaths in the autopsy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, South Gujarat.Methods: A review of autopsies of sudden deaths performed between January 2018 to August 2018 in age group 15-45 years at Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, South Gujarat were done.Results: A total of 150 cases were studied for sudden deaths during the study. The age ranged from 15 to 45 years. Maximum deaths occurred in the age group between 35-45 years. Males (n=120) were affected more than females (n=30). The cause of deaths in 84 cases (56%) were attributed to cardiac causes and the remaining cases (44%) were due to noncardiac causes like pulmonary diseases (17.3%) followed by hepatobiliary diseases (5.4%), cerebrovascular (2%) and others like suicide by ingestion of poisoning, hanging and asphyxia (9.3%). Major cardiac cause for sudden deaths was Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (95.2%).Conclusions: Sudden deaths were common in young adults and most are attributed to a cardiac cause. This study highlights the serious health concern in our society and a necessity to create awareness among the population at risk so that sudden deaths can be averted and life expectancy can be improved.
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Gangopadhyay, Prasenjit, and Bipin Kishore Prasad. "A Study of Aetiological Profile of Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 27, no. 1 (2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2019.v27i1.221.
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Introduction: It is necessary to identify the aetiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss for proper management. Despite advancement in the field of diagnostic radiology, immunochemistry and genetic studies, there are still many cases of USNHL where a definite cause cannot be identified. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify the aetiological factors responsible for unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL).. 
 Materials and Methods: Seventyfive patients with acquired unilateral sensorineural hearing loss without chronic otitis media were included in the study. Hearing was assessed by tuning fork test and pure tone audiometry. Special tests were done to differentiate between cochlear and retrocochlear pathology, to objectively assess hearing loss and to diagnose nonorganic hearing loss. Radio-imaging was done to diagnose skull bone fractures, space occupying lesions in internal auditory meatus and cerebellopontine angle or intracranial pathologies. Biochemical analysis of blood, immunoglobulin and serological assay were done to rule out specific causes.
 Results: Majority of patients were within 21-30 years of age. 37 patients presented with sudden and remaining with progressive hearing loss. Majority (57.3%) were found to have idiopathic cochlear pathology. Amongst the remaining, there were 8 cases of acoustic trauma, 4 each of Meniere’s disease and cerebellopontine angle tumour and 3 each of Noise-induced hearing loss, labyrinthitis and Non-organic hearing loss. There were 2 cases of meningitis and 1 each of barotrauma, connective tissue disorder, iatrogenic trauma, fracture of petrous bone and cerebrovascular accident. 
 Conclusion: Most of the studies have been done on sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Current study, including sudden and progressive cases, is hence an attempt to ascertain aetiological profile of unilateral SNHL.
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Landi, Kristen, Carmen Gutierrez, Barbara Sampson, et al. "Investigation of the Sudden Death of Infants: A Multicenter Analysis." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 8, no. 6 (2005): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10024-005-8095-1.
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The investigation of sudden death of infants varies, and death rates may depend on local practices of death certification. We studied the extent of the investigation and the final cause of death (COD) in 3 regions: New York, New York, USA (NY); King County, Washington, USA (KC); and Montevideo, Uruguay (MU). We conducted a retrospective review of 543 cases (NY 258, KC 56, MU 229) of previously healthy babies who died suddenly without obvious trauma, at ages 0 to 12 months, over a 3-year period (1998 to 2001). All cases included a complete autopsy and histologic examination. Cases were assessed for completion of special studies (including radiographs, photos, toxicology and metabolic sampling, cultures, and vitreous humor chemistry), measurements, and scene investigation. Specialized pediatric measurements and testing were done less often than routine procedures, and were done less often in cases overall compared with cases certified as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Fifty-five percent of SIDS cases in NYC and 12% of SIDS cases in KC had no scene investigation. Manhattan had a complete workup in 42% of SIDS cases, whereas the remaining sites had fewer that 15% of cases completely worked up. The most common non-natural COD was suffocation at all 3 sites. The overall most common COD were respiratory infection in MU (22%) and SIDS in NY (45%) and KC (86%). We conclude that the sudden death of infants requires special consideration and still lacks consistency. SIDS investigations are not done completely in all cases and rates may depend on regional differences in certifying infant deaths.
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Waite, Alison J., Robert C. Coombs, Angela McKenzie, et al. "Mortality of babies enrolled in a community-based support programme: CONI PLUS (Care of Next Infant Plus)." Archives of Disease in Childhood 100, no. 7 (2015): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307232.
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ObjectiveTo report mortality in babies enrolled on a community-based programme, Care of Next Infant Plus (CONI PLUS), which primarily supports parents anxious because of previous sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) in their extended family or following an apparent life threatening event (ALTE) in their baby.DesignProspective observational study from 1996 to 2010 in the UK.ResultsOf 6487 babies enrolled, 37 died (5.7 per 1000). There were 2789 (43.0%) SUDI related babies of whom, six died suddenly and unexpectedly (2.15 per 1000). Four babies were sharing a sofa at night or a bed with parent(s) who smoked or had consumed alcohol. Of the 1882 (29.0%) babies enrolled following an ALTE, five died suddenly and unexpectedly (2.66 per 1000): four unexplained and one due to infection. None occurred while sharing a sleep surface, and at least three died during the day. The remaining 1816 (28%) babies were enrolled for other reasons. Seven died suddenly and unexpectedly (3.85 per 1000), two were unexplained and none associated with bed sharing.ConclusionsThe number of SUDI deaths in babies enrolled on CONI PLUS is higher than expected from UK averages. Deaths in babies enrolled because of family history of SUDI were mostly associated with inappropriate sharing of a sleep surface at night and mostly outside the peak age range for sudden infant death. The opposite is true for those enrolled following an ALTE. The number of deaths is small but findings suggest a different mechanism for death in these two groups.
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Mage, David, E. Donner, Mechtild Vennemann, et al. "All sudden unexplained infant respiratory deaths may result from the same underlying mechanism." Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science 18, no. 1 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10278-012-0001-6.
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All sudden unexplained infant respiratory deaths may result from the same underlying mechanism The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was defined in 1969 by Beckwith as sudden death of an infant or young child, unexpected by medical history, remaining unexplained after thorough autopsy/death-scene investigation. Recently researchers have used the general terms Sudden Unexplained Death in Infancy (SUDI) and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) as "umbrella-terms" covering unexplained deaths (SIDS); sudden deaths for which SIDS risk factors present but insufficient cause is found; and sudden deaths for which sufficient cause is found. A characteristic feature of such deaths is that, 24-hours before death (or unexpected collapse that led to death), the caregivers were unaware that the baby was at increased risk of dying. The explainable cases include deaths from several recognized causes including infection, metabolic conditions, accidental and non-accidental injury, and various genetic or cardiac conditions as well as "Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation in Bed (ASSB)." SIDS is characterized by a ~50% male excess common to all respiratory infant deaths and a 4-parameter lognormal age distribution - thought to be unique and SIDS main distinguishing characteristic. In this article we model these data for age and/or gender distributions of SUDI/SUID and SIDS reported from the U.K., U.S., Norway and Germany. When pooled together with SIDS, these explained SUDI/SUID data on infant ages and gender have the same distributions as SIDS, indicating that the final mode of death for all SUDI or SUID may be a consequence of different paths to the same biological phenomena as for SIDS, though the mechanism of death remains unclear.
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Asatryan, Babken, Laurent Roten, and Tobias Reichlin. "Identifying coronary artery disease patients at risk for sudden and/or arrhythmic death: remaining limitations of the electrocardiogram." European Heart Journal 41, no. 30 (2020): 2911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa470.
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Kõlves, Kairi, Qing Zhao, Victoria Ross, Jacinta Hawgood, Susan H. Spence, and Diego de Leo. "Suicide and sudden death bereavement in Australia: A longitudinal study of family members over 2 years after death." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 1 (2019): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419882490.
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Objective: Grief reactions change over time. However, only a limited number of studies, and none in Australia, have analysed changes in individual grief reactions longitudinally. The aim is to examine changes in grief reactions, mental health and suicidality of close family members bereaved by suicide, 6, 12 and 24 months after their loss compared with those bereaved by other forms of sudden death, adjusting for confounding factors. Method: Participants were 142 adult family members bereaved by suicide and 63 by other sudden death, followed up at 6, 12 and 24 months in Queensland, Australia. The Grief Experience Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation were used as main outcomes. Mixed-effects linear and logistic regressions were utilized for statistical analyses. Results: There were significant differences in rejection, stigmatization, shame and responsibility between the suicide and sudden death bereaved over the 2-year period, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Rejection, stigmatization, search for explanation, somatic reactions and symptoms of depression and anxiety (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) declined significantly over time in both groups. Rejection and somatic reactions showed group-by-time interaction effects, with a decrease in the suicide bereaved and no change in the sudden death bereaved. Loss of social support and suicidal ideation did not show a group or time effect. Conclusion: Although our findings confirm that there are several common dimensions to experiencing a sudden death of a family member, several differences were found between the suicide and non-suicide sudden death bereaved including significantly higher levels of rejection, stigmatization, shame and responsibility remaining in the suicide compared to sudden death bereaved 2 years after their loss. These findings should be considered in clinical practice and when designing postvention services in Australia.
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Terian, R. A., S. E. Serdyuk, K. V. Davtyan, and O. М. Drapkina. "ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PRESENTATION AT ICTAL AND POSTICTAL PERIODS OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURE." Russian Journal of Cardiology, no. 7 (August 14, 2018): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2018-7-92-102.
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In epilepsy patients during video-electroencephalographic monitoring there are various electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during the epileptic seizure, sometimes remaining at postictal period as well. In the literature, various cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders are described, ventricular and supraventricular disorders, ST segment shifts. Some among these might be life-threatening, probably leading to unexplained sudden death in epilepsy. In the review, we focus on the most common ECG changes in patients with ongoing epileptic seizures.
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Aligbe, J. U., W. O. Akhiwu, and S. O. Nwosu. "Prospective Study of Coroner's Autopsies in Benin City, Nigeria." Medicine, Science and the Law 42, no. 4 (2002): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580240204200407.
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A prospective study of 726 cases of coroner's autopsies carried out over a period of two years (1st January, 1996 − 31st December, 1997) was reviewed. The causes and circumstances of death are defined and classified into natural and unnatural deaths. Fifty cases (6.3%) were children while the remaining 676 cases (93.1%) were adults in a male to female ratio of 2.6 to 1. The most common indications for coroner's autopsies were sudden unnatural deaths (SUDs) accounting for 485 cases (66.8%) and also sudden unexpected natural deaths (SUNDs) (241 cases) accounting for 33.2%. In the first category, road traffic accidents accounted for 86.7% of cases with deaths involving motor vehicle drivers and their passengers (41.8%); pedestrians (37.1%); and motorcyclists and their passengers (18.6%). The commonest causes of death in all road traffic accidents were craniocerebral injuries and haemorrhagic shock. In the second category the most common causes of sudden unexpected natural death were cardiovascular diseases resulting from complications of hypertension (54.7%) occurring in apparently healthy individuals. Other causes of death were pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, typhoid fever and neoplastic diseases. This study showed that in Nigeria, with an increasing acquisition of dietary and life style habits of the developed western world, there is becoming a concomitant risk of deaths from road traffic accidents and sudden unexpected natural deaths from hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
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Qian, Yi, Houyong Kang, Guohua Hu, et al. "Sudden sensorineural hearing loss during pregnancy: etiology, treatment, and outcome." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 2 (2021): 030006052199098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060521990983.
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Objective To analyze the etiologies, treatments, and outcomes of sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) during pregnancy. Study design Retrospective chart review of 25 pregnant patients treated for SSNHL between January 2012 and September 2019. Forty-nine age matched non-pregnant women with severe and profound hearing loss diagnosed with SSNHL during the same period served as controls. Data were recorded on age, symptoms, onset of hearing loss, audiometric results, treatments, and outcomes. Results The mean age was 29.6 years (range 23–38 years). Intratympanic steroids (ITS) were administered in 15 (60.0%) pregnant women with SSNHL. Three women were treated with postauricular steroids only, while another woman was treated with intravenous ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole. The remaining six women received no medications. More than half (8/15, 53.3%) of pregnant women with SSNHL receiving ITS experienced hearing improvement. Pregnant women with profound hearing loss who received no medication had no hearing improvement. Most pregnant women with SSNHL (12/15, 80.0%) had higher fibrinogen levels than controls (mean values 3.77±0.71 g/L and 2.54±0.48 g/L, respectively). Conclusion Fibrinogen could be a risk factor for SSNHL during pregnancy. ITS may benefit pregnant women with severe and profound SSNHL.
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Henschen, Keith R., and John Heil. "A Retrospective Study of the Effect of an Athlete's Sudden Death on Teammates." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 25, no. 3 (1992): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/tuu3-y7j9-qlrg-c08g.
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This study investigated the psychological effects of a teammate's sudden death on the remaining team members at the end of their collegiate careers (4 years later). The football players ( N = 10) were interviewed and answered a series of open-ended questions asking them for their feelings, emotions, and attitudes since the death of their teammate. The data were drawn from verbatim transcriptions of the interviews and were inductively content analyzed. The findings indicated: a) initially similar responses from teammates (shock and disbelief); b) mixed reactions concerning the influence of the event on individual lives; c) deep emotions during the interviews; and d) a diversity of defense mechanisms utilized by young men to deal with traumatic life events.
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Liu, Lei, Ling Guo Zhang, and Zhe Hu. "Emergency Response Technology Using Powdered Activated Carbon for Sudden Water Pollution Accidents with Petroleum Pollutants." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2517.
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Emergency disposal combined technology of sorbent cotton intercept and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption was researched. The removal effects of petroleum pollutants individually treated by sorbent cotton were analyzed. The influencing factors of PAC adsorption to deal with petroleum pollutants, including PAC dosage, oscillation frequency and oscillation time, were investigated. The results showed that removal efficiency increased with increasing PAC dosage. When PAC dosage reached 50mg/L, the remaining concentration of petroleum pollutants met the standards. And after oscillated for 120min, the total removal efficiency increased to more than 99%.
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Doo, Jeon Gang, Dokyoung Kim, Yong Kim, et al. "Biomarkers Suggesting Favorable Prognostic Outcomes in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (2020): 7248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197248.
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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a medical emergency, making detailed examination to determine possible causes and early treatment important. However, etiological examinations in SSNHL do not always reveal a cause, and several factors have been found to affect treatment outcomes. Various studies are being performed to determine the prognosis and effects of treatment in patients who experience sudden hearing loss, and to identify biomarkers associated with this condition. Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane database were searched using the key words SSNHL, prognostic, and biomarker. This search identified 4 articles in Embase, 28 articles in PubMed, and 36 in the Cochrane database. Of these 68 articles, 3 were duplicates and 37 were unrelated to the research topic. After excluding these articles, the remaining 28 articles were reviewed. Factors associated with SSNHL were divided into six categories: metabolic, hemostatic, inflammatory, immunologic, oxidative, and other factors. The associations between these factors with the occurrence of SSNHL and with patient prognosis were analyzed. Low monocyte counts, low neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte/high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol ratio (MHR), and low concentrations of fibrinogen, platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIIa, and TNF-α were found to be associated with good prognosis. However, these factors alone could not completely determine the onset of and recovery from SSNHL, suggesting the need for future basic and clinical studies.
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Wang, Fei, and Bai Jian Tang. "Dynamic Effects on a Pre-Stressed Multi-Story Plane Steel Frame Caused by Sudden Failure of a Cable." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.441.
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The dynamic effects on a pre-stressed multi-story steel plane frame caused by sudden failure of a pre-stressed cable were investigated by general finite element software. The stiffness reduction method was adopted to simulate sudden cable rupture, which can induce dynamic response of the pre-stressed multi-story plane frame. The numerical results show that the recommended failure time should be less than 1/20 of the fundamental period of the remaining structure to consider dynamic effects more accurately. As the failure time decreases, the amplitudes of structural top lateral displacement and internal forces at the column ends all increase and they decay more slowly. The dynamic coefficients of bending moment and shear force are larger than that of axial force at the column ends. The farther the beam is from the failed cable, the faster the bending moment at the beam end decays, and the larger its dynamic coefficient is.
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Agrawal, Hitesh, Carlos M. Mery, S. Kristen Sexson Tejtel, et al. "Familial clustering of cardiac conditions in patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery and myocardial bridges." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 9 (2018): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951118000835.
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AbstractBackgroundAnomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is the second leading cause of sudden cardiac arrest/death in young athletes in the United States of America. Limited data are available regarding family history in this patient population.MethodsPatients were evaluated prospectively from 12/2012 to 02/2017 in the Coronary Anomalies Program at Texas Children’s Hospital. Relevant family history included the presence of CHD, sudden cardiac arrest/death, arrhythmia/pacemaker use, cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease before the age of 50 years. The presence of one or more of these in 1st- or 2nd-degree relatives was considered significant.ResultsOf 168 unrelated probands (171 patients total) included, 36 (21%) had significant family history involving 19 (53%) 1st-degree and 17 (47%) 2nd-degree relatives. Positive family history led to cardiology referral in nine (5%) patients and the presence of abnormal tests/symptoms in the remaining patients. Coronary anomalies in probands with positive family history were anomalous right (27), anomalous left (five), single right coronary artery (two), myocardial bridge (one), and anomalous circumflex coronary artery (one). Conditions present in their family members included sudden cardiac arrest/death (15, 42%), atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (14, 39%), cardiomyopathy (12, 33%), CHD (11, 31%), coronary anomalies (3, 8%), myocardial bridge (1, 3%), long-QT syndrome (2, 6%), and Wolff–Parkinson–White (1, 3%).ConclusionIn patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery and/or myocardial bridges, there appears to be familial clustering of cardiac diseases in approximately 20% of patients, half of these with early occurrence of sudden cardiac arrest/death in the family.
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Tsuda, Etsuko, Yoshio Arakaki, Toshio Shimizu, et al. "Changes in causes of sudden deaths by decade in patients with coronary arterial lesions due to Kawasaki disease." Cardiology in the Young 15, no. 5 (2005): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951105001344.
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Over a 25-year period, we encountered 12 patients who died suddenly with coronary arterial lesions due to Kawasaki disease. We report their clinical course, and analyze the happenings of their deaths. Of the 12 patients, 10 were dead on arrival at hospital. Their age at death ranged from 13 months to 27 years, with a median of 16 years, and the interval from the onset of Kawasaki disease to death ranged from 2 months to 24 years. In 4 patients, death was found to be due to myocardial infarction, while in the remaining 8, it could not be determined. In 7 patients, coronary angiograms obtained less than 4 months after the acute onset of Kawasaki disease showed lesions bilaterally, most being giant aneurysms. Myocardial infarction had occurred in 6 patients prior to their death. In 1 patient of the late 1970s, who collapsed after running, cardiac sequels had not been suspected prior to autopsy. During the 1980s, 3 infants with bilateral giant aneurysms died within a year of the initial onset of Kawasaki disease, with acute myocardial infarction being the cause in 2 of them. In the late 1990s, and the 2000s, 5 patients died suddenly with left ventricular dysfunction, their ejection fractions being less than 40 percent more than 20 years after the initial onset of Kawasaki disease. Prior to their sudden deaths, they had had no cardiac events for many years, but had suffered previous myocardial infarctions. Multifocal premature ventricular contractions, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, are probable risk factors in such patients. Careful follow-up, checking for ventricular arrhythmia, is needed to prevent sudden death in patients suffering left ventricular dysfunction in the setting of Kawasaki disease.
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Wayne, Adrian F., Marika A. Maxwell, Colin G. Ward, et al. "Sudden and rapid decline of the abundant marsupial Bettongia penicillata in Australia." Oryx 49, no. 1 (2013): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000677.
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AbstractThe woylie Bettongia penicillata is categorized as Critically Endangered, having declined by c. 90% between 1999 and 2006. The decline continues and the cause is not fully understood. Within a decline diagnosis framework we characterized the nature of the decline and identified potential causes, with a focus on the species’ largest populations, located in south-west Western Australia. We described the spatio-temporal pattern of the decline, and several attributes that are common across sites. We categorized the potential causes of the decline as resources, predators, disease and direct human interference. Based on the available evidence the leading hypothesis is that disease may be making woylies more vulnerable to predation but this remains to be tested. No substantial recoveries have been sustained to date, and one of the three remaining indigenous populations now appears to be extinct. Therefore, verifying the factors causing the decline and those limiting recovery is becoming increasingly urgent. Active adaptive management can be used to test putative agents, such as introduced predators. Insurance populations and ecological monitoring should also be included in an integrated conservation and management strategy for the species.
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Ellis, Samantha, Catherine Rang, Tom Kotsimbos, et al. "CNS imaging studies in cystic fibrosis patients presenting with sudden neurological events." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 6, no. 1 (2019): e000456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000456.
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BackgroundAcute neurological events may present as an extrapulmonary complication in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). These events can be secondary to a range of different aetiologies.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 476 medical records of CF patients attending a large teaching hospital between 2000 and 2018 was performed. Patients presenting with acute neurological events who had MRI brain imaging were evaluated. Patients who had headaches without associated neurological symptoms were excluded from this analysis.ResultsAcute neurological presentations, excluding headaches without associated neurological symptoms, were reported in 27 index patients out of the 476 patients. Of these, 16 patients had MRI brain imaging for review. Three patients suffered pathology secondary to vascular events, both ischaemic and haemorrhagic; four patients had evidence of ischaemia or infarction not consistent with a vascular territory stroke and the remaining patients experienced a range of different neurological events. The most common presentation among these patients was seizure activity, followed by a transient motor or sensory deficit.ConclusionsNeurological complications are recognised among individuals with CF. Although rare, they can be secondary to a range of different aetiologies, including dysfunctional cell energetics. Additional studies are required to further evaluate this association.
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Zavagno, D., and G. Caputo. "Two New Dynamic Effects: Light Explosion and Night Crash." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970267.
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Starting from an achromatic display used by Zavagno to study a glare and a ‘smoke’ effect, we show two new dynamic effects that we call (a) ‘light explosion’ and (b) ‘night crash’. On a uniform white or black background four black or white rectangles (inducers, 1 deg × 5.7 deg) were arranged to form an orthogonal cross with a square gap in its centre. (a) When the luminance of black inducers on a white background is transformed into a smooth gray scale gradient with the lighter ends facing the square gap, a luminous mist with a glare effect is seen. When such a transformation is performed dynamically by changing the gradient from outside to inside (with the outside ends remaining black and the inside changing toward white), a sudden explosion of light is seen. (b) When the luminance of white inducers on a black background is transformed into a smooth gray scale gradient with their darker ends facing the square gap, a sort of dark ‘smoke’ is seen. If such a transformation is performed dynamically by changing the gradient from inside to outside (with the outside ends remaining white and the inside changing toward black), a sudden and instantaneous black diffusion (a sort of night crash) is seen. Both the light explosion and the night crash effects have an exponential course followed by an immediate drop. Psychophysical data show that both effects depend on an interaction between the lightness of the background, the lightness of the square gap, and the transformation rate of the gray scale gradient.
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Rai, Akhand, and Sanjay H. Upadhyay. "Intelligent bearing performance degradation assessment and remaining useful life prediction based on self-organising map and support vector regression." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 6 (2017): 1118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217700180.
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Rolling element bearings are critical components of rotating machines since the failure of rolling element bearings may cease the functioning of the entire equipment. The damages observed due to bearing failures are expeditious in nature and hence the need to develop an effective prognostic methodology becomes a requisite to prevent the sudden machinery breakdown. The performance degradation assessment and accurate determination of remaining useful life are the two key issues in prognostics of rolling element bearings. This paper proposes a degradation indicator based on self-organising map for the performance degradation assessment of bearings and later support vector regression is utilised to estimate the remaining useful life of bearings. The time-domain and frequency domain features extracted from the raw bearing vibration signals are supplied to the self-organising map classifier to achieve the degradation index termed as self-organising map-minimum quantisation error evolution in the paper. For estimating the remaining useful life of bearings, first the central trend of minimum quantisation error is extracted to achieve the feature vector defined as bearing health index in this work. The bearing health index is then used as input and the life percentage of the bearing is set to output in order to build the support vector regression prediction model for remaining useful life estimation of bearings. The proposed method is validated on the vibration signatures collected in a bearing test rig. The results show that the advocated method can efficiently track the evolution of deterioration and predict the remaining useful life of bearings.
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Shaan, Manohar, Luca Vassalli, Mauro Landolfi, Abdel Taibah, Alessandra Russo, and Mario Sanna. "Atypical Presentation of Acoustic Neuroma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, no. 5 (1993): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900515.
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Unilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and unsteadiness are the usual initial symptoms of acoustic neuroma. Of the last 100 consecutive cases of acoustic neuroma detected at our Centre, 14 had atypical symptoms, Five patients manifested sudden hearing loss; one of these had complete recovery. Three patients reported long-standing unilateral hearing loss, ranging from 10 to 20 years. Six patients had normal hearing, one of whom was diagnosed incidently when the investigations were performed for contralateral glomus tumor. A second patient, a young woman, experienced weakness of lower limbs. The remaining four patients had only subjective symptoms of hearing loss or tinnitus. Acoustic tumors could have been overlooked easily in these patients. It is important to have a high index of suspicion in all cases of sudden hearing loss, asymmetric sensorineural loss of any duration, subjective sensation of hearing loss, and tinnitus. It is mandatory to investigate these cases with auditory brainstem responses, any abnormality of which makes it necessary to perform magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium.
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Hansen, Benjamin Lautrup, Elisabeth Mütze Jacobsen, Amalie Kjerrumgaard, et al. "Diagnostic yield in victims of sudden cardiac death and their relatives." EP Europace 22, no. 6 (2020): 964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euaa056.
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Abstract Aims International guidelines recommend cardiogenetic screening in families with sudden cardiac death (SCD) if the suspected cause is an inherited cardiac disease. The aim was to assess the diagnostic yield of inherited cardiac diseases in consecutively referred SCD families. Methods and results In this single-centre retrospective study, we consecutively included families referred to our tertiary unit between 2005 and 2018 for screening due to SCD. Following evaluation of premortem medical records and postmortem findings for the proband, the families underwent a guideline-based screening protocol. Relatives were followed and cardiovascular events registered. In total, 304 families with 695 relatives were included. In probands, mean age at death was 39 years (75% males) and in relatives mean age at screening was 35 years (47% males). The proband-diagnosis was established through autopsy findings (n = 89), genetic analyses (n = 7), or based on premortem findings (n = 21). In the remaining 187 families with borderline/no diagnosis in the proband, screening of relatives yielded a diagnosis in 26 additional families. In total, an inherited cardiac disease was identified in 143 out of 304 families (47%). In relatives, 73 (11%) were diagnosed. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (n = 16) was the most common diagnosis. During follow-up (mean 5.5 years), a low rate of serious cardiac events was observed (no SCD events). Conclusion Forty-seven percent of SCD families were diagnosed. Eleven percent of the screened relatives received a definite diagnosis and were offered treatment according to guidelines. A low rate of serious cardiovascular events was observed among SCD relatives.
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Wu, Xuan, Hongyan Jiang, Lanying Wen, Ling Zong, and Kaitian Chen. "Delayed Recovery in Pediatric Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Predicted via Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 6 (2018): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418769942.
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Objectives: To evaluate the potential origins via magnetic resonance imaging and the relevant hearing recovery course of pediatric sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 25 pediatric patients from our center with sudden sensorineural hearing loss from January 2011 to December 2016. All individuals were closely followed up at baseline and 1 and 6 months. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging identified presumed causes in 9 cases, 5 of which showed intralabyrinthine hyperintensity, suggesting presumptive intralabyrinthine hemorrhage. The remaining 20 patients showed no hyperintensity. Restoration of hearing and speech discrimination abilities were noted in these 25 children at 6 months versus the initial levels (74.2 ± 22.6 vs 93.5 ± 20.5 dB, p = .000, and 45.8 ± 36.0 vs. 18.3 ± 22.1%, p = .004, respectively). The prognosis of the individuals with intralabyrinthine hemorrhage were superior in terms of frequency and hearing threshold at 6 months compared with that of the no-hemorrhage participants. Word recognition scores improved in either studied group. Conclusion: The potential recovery of hearing in children raises concerns about very early surgical intervention within the first 6 months. Rational imaging and sequential audiometric evaluation to monitor the progression of recovery may be beneficial.
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Amakiri, C. N. T., E. E. U. Akang, P. U. Aghadiuno, and W. O. Odesanmi. "A Prospective Study of Coroner's Autopsies in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 1 (1997): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700115.
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The present study reviews 876 consecutive coroner's autopsies performed in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan over a two-year period (1 February 1991 to 31 January 1993). The hospital autopsy rate during the study period was 36.2%, and 62.5 per cent of these post-mortems were medico-legal cases. The most common indications for coroner's autopsies were sudden natural deaths (55.6%), followed by accidental deaths (35.3%). The proportions of maternal (4.3%), homicidal (3.1%) and suicidal (0.3%) deaths were much lower. The male to female ratio was 1.7 to 1. Ninety-one (10.4%) of the cases fell within the paediatric age group and the peak age incidence for these cases was in the 5–14 years age group. The remaining 785 (89.6%) cases were adults and the peak age incidence for these cases was in the fourth decade of life. The most common cause of sudden natural death was cardiovascular disease, of which hypertension constituted the majority of cases. Other major causes of sudden death included pneumonia, meningitis, typhoid fever and neoplastic diseases. Road traffic accidents accounted for 78 per cent of accidental deaths followed by falls (13.3%) and burns (4.6%). Abortions, post-partum haemorrhage and eclampsia were the major causes of maternal deaths in the present study. Homicidal deaths were eight times more frequent in male than female victims and the commonest mode of death was gunshot injuries. Suicidal deaths remain extremely uncommon in African patients, as confirmed by our study.
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Wang, Jie, Hyunkyu Sang, Janette L. Jacobs, Kjersten A. Oudman, Linda E. Hanson, and Martin I. Chilvers. "Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Causal Agent Fusarium brasiliense Present in Michigan." Plant Disease 103, no. 6 (2019): 1234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-18-1332-re.
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Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) clade 2, is a major and economically important disease in soybean worldwide. The primary causal agent of SDS isolated to date in North America has been F. virguliforme. In 2014 and 2016, SDS symptoms were found in two soybean fields located on the same farm in Michigan. Seventy Fusarium strains were isolated from roots of the SDS-symptomatic soybeans in two fields. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of elongation factor-1α, the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region, and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit revealed that the primary FSSC species isolated was F. brasiliense (58 and 36% in each field) and the remaining Fusarium strains were identified as F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an undescribed Fusarium sp. from FSSC clade 2, and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11. Molecular identification was supported with morphological analysis and a pathogenicity assay. The soybean seedling pathogenicity assay indicated that F. brasiliense was capable of causing typical foliar SDS symptoms. Both root rot and foliar disease severity were variable by strain, just as they are in F. virguliforme. Both FSSC 5 and FSSC 11 strains were also capable of causing root rot, but SDS foliar symptoms were not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. brasiliense causing SDS in soybean in the United States and the first report of F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an as-yet-unnamed Fusarium sp., and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11 associated with or causing root rot of soybean in Michigan.
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Sanogo, S., and X. B. Yang. "Recent Outbreak of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in Iowa." Plant Disease 83, no. 6 (1999): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.590c.
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Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, was first found in four Iowa counties in 1993 at low intensities. Following the first report of the disease, a statewide survey in 1994 and 1995 showed an overall low prevalence of the disease, mainly in eastern Iowa (2). In 1998, an epidemic of the disease occurred with drastic increases in prevalence and severity at regional, local, and field levels. The disease was found in 31 Iowa counties covering five out of the nine Iowa crop-reporting districts, with expansion in occurrence northward and westward. There were 12 SDS-affected counties in the North Central and Central districts, and 19 in the East Central, Southeast, and Northeast districts. To assess the extent of SDS increase at the local level, extensive surveys were conducted in 1998 in three areas where previous surveys were made in 1994 or 1995. In Washington County (Southeast District), the frequency of infestation has increased from 5% (2 of 40 fields surveyed) in 1995 to 30% in 1998. In Black Hawk County (East Central District), 26% of the fields examined had SDS, compared with 4.5% in 1995 (2 of 44 fields). In Story County (Central District), 35% of soybean fields were found with SDS in 1998, as opposed to 3% (2 of 62 fields) in 1994. In previous surveys (2), large disease patches (about 1 ha) were not found in central Iowa and were mainly limited to eastern counties along the Mississippi River. However, approximately 30% of the infested fields surveyed in 1998 had two to five patches with areas from 0.5 to 2.5 ha. The remaining 70% of the fields had several patches of diseased soybean plants with areas ranging from 3 m2 to 0.5 ha. The largest disease patch observed was about 10 ha, covering half of a field in Black Hawk County. Percentage of field area affected by SDS varied from 3 to 15% in 60% of the fields where the disease was found, and from about 20 to 60% in the remainder. In all fields surveyed, SDS was confirmed based on the presence of bluish sporulation or isolation from taproots of representative plants. The outbreak supports the 1996 risk assessment (1) that SDS would become a major production concern in Iowa. References: (1) H. Scherm and X. B. Yang. Phytopathology 87:S86, 1997. (2) X. B. Yang and P. Lundeen. Plant Dis. 81:719, 1997.
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Boller, Markus, Daniel Kobler, and Gerhard Koch. "Particle separation, solids budgets and headloss development in different biofilters." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 4 (1997): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0129.
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Biofilters for secondary treatment, tertiary nitrification and tertiary denitrification were investigated with regard to solids and gas accumulation. Biomass growth, solids capture by filtration and gas entrapment were quantified for the three different applications. In biofilters for COD-removal or denitrification heterotrophic growth dominates solids accumulation. In tertiary nitrifying biofilters the biomass remaining attached to the media after backwash and suspended solids deposits are the main fractions responsible for filter clogging. Depth profiles of solids accumulation indicate that top layers cause the main headloss in biofilters. As a consequence of solids accumulation increasing gas entrapment in countercurrent and denitrifying biofilters lead to a sudden headloss increase and terminate the filter runs.
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Mage, David T., Maria L. Latorre, Alejandro G. Jenik, and E. Maria Donner. "The Role of Respiratory Infection in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)." Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science 22, no. 1 (2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2016-0004.
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Abstract Introduction: The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is not likely to be explained by a currently measureable presence in all cases and absence in controls, as otherwise it would have been solved already. Indeed, any proposed physiological model for SIDS causation must explain the constant mathematical and statistical properties of SIDS age and gender. We have shown previously that SIDS are characterized by a common 4-parameter lognormal age distribution sparing neonatal infants, by a nominal 50% male excess, and by a higher rate in winter than summer. We test now whether SIDS is closely related to a fulminating prodromal Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) by a common increasing rate with the infants increasing Live Birth Order (LBO), all remaining the same, independent of the change in preferred sleeping positions of the infants, prone or supine. Methods: We use U.S. published infant mortality data from wonder.cdc.gov and other countries (Colombia, U.K., Europe, Australasia) to make comparisons between the two causes of death (ARI and SIDS) to evaluate how closely ARI resembles the characteristics of SIDS. Results: Gender: SIDS male excess 50%, ARI male excess 50%; Ages: SIDS 90% post-neonatal, ARI 96% post-neonatal; Seasonality: SIDS and ARI are higher in winter than summer; Live birth order: SIDS and ARI rates increase with increasing LBO with similar mathematical relationship. Conclusion: Our results show that all SIDS are very likely relatable to a single cause tied to a fulminating prodromal ARI in a physiologically anemic infant who is genetically (X-link recessive) susceptible to cerebral anoxia. An alternative cause of all SIDS death by a collection of subsets of different causes, such as brainstem-related respiratory abnormalities and cardiac QT abnormalities, is not supported because they cannot all have the same age-gender-seasonal-familial-distributions of SIDS, required by Cramér’s Theorem.
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Ma, Lun, Jian She Kang, and Chun Yu Zhao. "Research on Condition Monitoring of Bearing Health Using Vibration Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.340.
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A reliable condition monitoring system is very useful in a wide range of industries to detect the occurrence of incipient defects so as to prevent machinery performance degradation, malfunction and sudden failure. Among the rotating machinery, many mechanical problems are attributed due to bearing failures. So implementing condition monitoring for bearing is critically needed. Considering that most research for condition monitoring only focus on detecting the existing fault, this paper add degradation tendency prognostics into the condition monitoring process. The kernel of bearing condition monitoring method presented in this paper is related to condition features extraction and remaining useful life prediction. The former is realized by the comprehensive vibration analysis for specific fault frequencies. The latter is achieved by adaptive neuron-fuzzy inference system based on extracted degradation signal. For illustration purpose, a bearing case from NASA data repository is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. The result indicates that the performance degradation of bearing can be effectively monitored and the predicted remaining useful life with 5.6% relative error can be the important reference for maintenance decision making.
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Lindbohm, Joni V., Jaakko Kaprio, and Miikka Korja. "Survival bias explains improved survival in smokers and hypertensive individuals after aSAH." Neurology 93, no. 23 (2019): e2105-e2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008537.
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ObjectiveTwo recent hospital-based studies have reported that both smoking and hypertension—the 2 most important risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)—may improve survival after aSAH. We tested the hypothesis that a higher case fatality among smokers and hypertensive individuals after aSAH contributes to these paradoxical findings.MethodsWe followed 65,521 population-based FINRISK participants during 1.52 million person-years and identified 445 first-ever hospitalized aSAHs and 98 sudden-death aSAHs occurring between 1974 and 2014. We measured risk factors prior to disease onset in the cohort surveys, and confirmed, among all sudden-death aSAHs, 80% by extensive (including the brain) forensic autopsy; the remaining 20% were based on clinical examination (CT of the head, spinal tap, or both). The Cox proportional hazards model estimated survival curves.ResultsAnalyses repeating the protocol of the 2 recent hospital-based studies again showed improved survival among smokers and those with hypertension. Conversely, in analyses including more accurate risk factor measurements and including patients with sudden-death aSAH who never reached a hospital, these paradoxical results were reversed. Smokers had reduced survival compared to that of never-smokers (p = 0.04), and those with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) (≥160 mm Hg) had reduced survival when compared to survival of those with SBP <160 mm Hg (p = 0.05).ConclusionsAfter aSAH, smoking and hypertension were associated with worse survival. The earlier and opposite findings are likely explained by inadequate risk factor measurement and by survival bias inherent to hospital-based risk factor studies lacking information on out-of-hospital deaths confirmed by autopsy.
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Razali, Samirah, Kamaruddin Mamat, and Nor Shahniza Kamal Bashah. "Multiple error correction towards optimisation of energy in sensor network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (2019): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1208-1220.
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<span>Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) is among the optimum error controls implemented in Wireless Sensor Network as it reduces the overhead from retransmission and error correcting codes. The advancement in WSN includes the usage of high number of nodes and the increase in traffic with large data transmitted among the nodes had concerned the need for a new approach in error control algorithm. This paper proposed the multiple error correction based on HARQ process to aid the changes in channel with proper error correction assignment towards optimising the performances of WSN in terms of bit error rates, remaining energy, and latency for different types of congestion and channel conditions. In this study, we have developed the channel adaptation algorithm that can adapt to sudden changes and demonstrated the optimal error correcting codes as well as adjustment on the transmit power for the given channel condition and congestion presented. From the result analysed, the optimisation between the remaining energy and Bit Error rates happened on the basis of adapting to these different channel condition and congestion to minimize redundancies appended. From the result obtained, we concluded that by using multiple error correction algorithm with the aid of adjustment on the transmit power, the remaining energy can be optimised together with Bit Error rates and the excessive redundancies can be reduced</span>
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Tezel, Bahar, Serdar Uysal, Melek Turgut, and Zafer Cehreli. "Inadvertent MTA Extrusion in an Immature Traumatized Permanent Incisor." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 2 (2010): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.2.92855564728x0mxq.
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This report describes the 24-month clinical and radiographic outcome of an unintentionally extruded mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plug. A 9 year old boy presented with a previously traumatized, immature central incisor; associated with a large periradicular lesion. During placement of MTA in the treatment of wide open apex, the material was inadvertently extruded into the periapical region upon a sudden movement of the child. No intervention was made, except for obturation of the remaining root canal two weeks later. The radiographic follow up at 12 and 24 months confirmed successful management through the non surgical approach, as evidenced by advanced healing of the periapical lesion and regeneration of the periradicular tissue in the absence of clinical symptoms.
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Lee, Hyunsoo, Seok-Youn Han, and Kee-Jun Park. "Generative Adversarial Network-based Missing Data Handling and Remaining Useful Life Estimation for Smart Train Control and Monitoring Systems." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (November 27, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8861942.
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As railway is considered one of the most significant transports, sudden malfunction of train components or delayed maintenance may considerably disrupt societal activities. To prevent this issue, various railway maintenance frameworks, from “periodic time-based and distance-based traditional maintenance frameworks” to “monitoring/conditional-based maintenance systems,” have been proposed and developed. However, these maintenance frameworks depend on the current status and situations of trains and cars. To overcome these issues, several predictive frameworks have been proposed. This study proposes a new and effective remaining useful life (RUL) estimation framework using big data from a train control and monitoring system (TCMS). TCMS data is classified into two types: operation data and alarm data. Alarm or RUL information is extracted from the alarm data. Subsequently, a deep learning model achieves the mapping relationship between operation data and the extracted RUL. However, a number of TCMS data have missing values due to malfunction of embedded sensors and/or low life of monitoring modules. This issue is addressed in the proposed generative adversarial network (GAN) framework. Both deep neural network (DNN) models for a generator and a predictor estimate missing values and predict train fault, simultaneously. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed GAN-based predictive maintenance framework, TCMS data-based case studies and comparisons with other methods were carried out.
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Tsokos, M., and E. E. Türk. "Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage Presenting as Sudden Death in Outpatients." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 126, no. 10 (2002): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2002-126-1197-evhpas.
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Abstract Context.—Some autopsy studies have dealt with histologic features of esophageal varices after different therapeutic procedures. However, to the best of our knowledge, no reports have been published describing outpatient characteristics that are associated with fatal esophageal variceal hemorrhage in a medicolegal autopsy population. Objectives.—To (1) assess the incidence of sudden deaths from esophageal variceal hemorrhage in an unselected medicolegal autopsy population and (2) determine demographics of outpatients dying from esophageal variceal hemorrhage with special reference to blood alcohol concentrations at the time of death. Design.—We performed a retrospective study of all autopsy cases of sudden death from esophageal variceal hemorrhage from a total of 6038 medicolegal autopsies performed over a 5-year period (1997–2001). We analyzed individual cases to determine gender, age, location and histology of bleeding esophageal varices, pathogenic mechanism for esophageal varices, concomitant underlying diseases contributing to fatal outcome, body mass index, circumstances at the death scene, and blood alcohol levels at the time of death. We reviewed the results of toxicologic analyses of alcohol concentrations in samples of femoral venous blood and urine obtained at autopsy; concentrations had been determined by gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy and enzymatic assays. Results.—We identified 45 cases of fatal esophageal variceal hemorrhage that occurred out of hospital and presented as sudden death; the corresponding 5-year incidence in this autopsy population was 0.75%. All of the deceased were white; the male-female ratio was 1.6:1, and the mean age was 50.6 years. Ruptured esophageal varices were located in the lower third of the esophagus in 44 cases. Cirrhosis of the liver was present in all cases (alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver in 42 cases), and a hepatocellular carcinoma was present in 3 cases. Alcohol-induced pancreatic tissue alterations were frequently found. The results of toxicologic analysis were positive for alcohol in femoral venous blood and urine in 30 cases. Blood alcohol levels at the time of death were less than 100 mg/dL (21.7 mmol/L) in 15 cases, between 100 and 200 mg/dL (21.7 and 43.4 mmol/L) in 8 cases, and greater than 200 mg/dL (43.4 mmol/L) in the remaining 7 cases. Conclusions.—Apart from abnormalities in coagulation due to poor liver function in long-term alcohol users, acute alcohol intake may represent an important factor influencing mortality in individuals with esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Acute alcohol intake has transient effects on blood clotting time caused by ethanol and its main metabolites. In the present study, bloodstains at the death scene and unusual body positions of the deceased that aroused suspicion of a violent death were leading reasons for conducting a medicolegal autopsy. Apart from aspects of forensic pathology, the demographics of our study population are also noteworthy from the viewpoint of social medicine. The data we present stress the importance of fatal esophageal variceal hemorrhage as a relevant cause of sudden death occurring outside the hospital in socially isolated, alcohol-addicted individuals.
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Azizyan, Avetis, Joseph M. Miller, Ramzi I. Azzam, et al. "Spontaneous retroclival hematoma in pituitary apoplexy: case series." Journal of Neurosurgery 123, no. 3 (2015): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.jns14445.
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OBJECT Pituitary apoplexy is a rare and potentially life-threatening disorder that is most commonly characterized by a combination of sudden headache, visual disturbance, and hypothalamic/hormonal dysfunction. In many cases, there is hemorrhagic infarction of an underlying pituitary adenoma. The resulting clinical symptoms are due to compression of the remaining pituitary, cavernous sinuses, or cranial nerves. However, there are only 2 case reports in the literature describing spontaneous retroclival expansion of hemorrhage secondary to pituitary apoplexy. Ten cases of this entity with a review of the literature are presented here. METHODS This is a single-institution retrospective review of 2598 patients with sellar and parasellar masses during the 10-year period between 1999 and 2009. The pituitary and brain MRI and MRI studies were reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists for evidence of apoplexy, with particular attention given to retroclival extension. RESULTS Eighteen patients (13 men and 5 women; mean age 54 years) were identified with presenting symptoms of sudden onset of headache and ophthalmoplegia, and laboratory findings consistent with pituitary apoplexy. Ten of these patients (8 men and 2 women; mean age 55 years) had imaging findings consistent with retroclival hematoma. CONCLUSIONS Retroclival hemorrhage was seen in the majority of cases of pituitary apoplexy (56%), suggesting that it is more common than previously thought.
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Buchanan, Gill Louise, Sandeep Basavarajaiah, and Alaide Chieffo. "Stent Thrombosis: Incidence, Predictors and New Technologies." Thrombosis 2012 (March 11, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/956962.
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Some concerns have been raised regarding the risk of late and very late stent thrombosis (ST) following drug-eluting stent implantation. Despite remaining an uncommon complication of percutaneous coronary intervention, when ST occurs, it can be catastrophic to the individual, commonly presenting as acute ST elevation myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death. The incidence and predictors of ST have been reported in the literature and the role of dual antiplatelet therapies in the avoidance of such a complication remains vital. Ongoing studies are assessing the role of these therapies including platelet reactivity testing, genetic testing and optimum duration of therapy. In addition, newer polymer-free and bioabsorbable stents are under investigation in the quest to potentially minimise the risk of ST.
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Johannsen, Emma B., Linda B. Baughn, Neeraj Sharma, Nicolina Zjacic, Mehdi Pirooznia, and Eran Elhaik. "The Genetics of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome—Towards a Gene Reference Resource." Genes 12, no. 2 (2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020216.
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected death of an infant under one year of age that remains unexplained after a thorough investigation. Despite SIDS remaining a diagnosis of exclusion with an unexplained etiology, it is widely accepted that SIDS can be caused by environmental and/or biological factors, with multiple underlying candidate genes. However, the lack of biomarkers raises questions as to why genetic studies on SIDS to date are unable to provide a clearer understanding of the disease etiology. We sought to improve the identification of SIDS-associated genes by reviewing the SIDS genetic literature and objectively categorizing and scoring the reported genes based on the strength of evidence (from C1 (high) to C5 (low)). This was followed by analyses of function, associations between genes, the enrichment of gene ontology (GO) terms, and pathways and gender difference in tissue gene expression. We constructed a curated database for SIDS gene candidates consisting of 109 genes, 14 of which received a category 4 (C4) and 95 genes received the lowest category of C5. That none of the genes was classified into the higher categories indicates the low level of supporting evidence. We found that genes of both scoring categories show distinct networks and are highly diverse in function and involved in many GO terms and pathways, in agreement with the perception of SIDS as a heterogeneous syndrome. Genes of both scoring categories are part of the cardiac system, muscle, and ion channels, whereas immune-related functions showed enrichment for C4 genes. A limited association was found with neural development. Overall, inconsistent reports and missing metadata contribute to the ambiguity of genetic studies. Considering those parameters could help improve the identification of at-risk SIDS genes. However, the field is still far from offering a full-pledged genetic test to identify at-risk infants and is still hampered with methodological challenges and misunderstandings of the vulnerabilities of vital biological mechanisms.
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Dietterle, Johannes, Clara Frydrychowicz, Wolf Müller, Karl-Titus Hoffmann, Katja Jähne, and Jürgen Meixensberger. "Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis of Multiple Meningiomas and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis as First Clinical Appearance of Kidney Cancer: A Case Report and Analysis." Journal of Neurological Surgery Reports 81, no. 01 (2020): e10-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708846.
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Abstract Background Meningioma accounts for more than 35% of all diagnosed brain tumors of the central nervous system and, moreover, it is the most common benign recipient of tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Several cases with tumor-to-meningioma metastasis by breast, lung, and intestinal cancer have been described before. Case description The case of a patient with a longstanding history of multiple meningiomas (n = 4) that suddenly became symptomatic and progressive in size is presented. Following extirpation of the two largest meningiomas, a histological examination revealed two separate tumor-to-meningioma metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma that was undiagnosed before. Post-surgical computed tomography scan then confirmed tumor-suspect lesions in both kidneys. After recovery and rehabilitation, adjuvant radio-chemo-therapy was applied according to protocols for kidney cancer. No other tumor-to-tumor-suspect event occurred since then for the remaining two meningiomas. Conclusion Review of literature and our case strengthens the idea of meningioma as a favorable premetastatic niche. Considering that the patient lived with a stable disease for many years, a sudden progress of tumor size in association with neurological deterioration was highly suspected for malign involvement, including the possibility of tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Physicians should be aware about this phenomenon and treat patients accordingly to the underlying disease.
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Asatryan, Babken, Lauren Yee, Yael Ben-Haim, et al. "Sex-Related Differences in Cardiac Channelopathies." Circulation 143, no. 7 (2021): 739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.048250.
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Sex-related differences in prevalence, clinical presentation, and outcome of cardiac channelopathies are increasingly recognized, despite their autosomal transmission and hence equal genetic predisposition among sexes. In congenital long-QT syndrome, adult women carry a greater risk for Torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death than do men. In contrast, Brugada syndrome is observed predominantly in adult men, with a considerably higher risk of arrhythmic sudden cardiac death in adult men than in women. In both conditions, the risk for arrhythmias varies with age. Sex-associated differences appear less evident in other cardiac channelopathies, likely a reflection of their rare(r) occurrence and our limited knowledge. In several cardiac channelopathies, sex-specific predictors of outcome have been identified. Together with genetic and environmental factors, sex hormones contribute to the sex-related disparities in cardiac channelopathies through modulation of the expression and function of cardiac ion channels. Despite these insights, essential knowledge gaps exist in the mechanistic understanding of these differences, warranting further investigation. Precise application of the available knowledge may improve the individualized care of patients with cardiac channelopathies. Promoting the reporting of sex-related phenotype and outcome parameters in clinical and experimental studies and advancing research on cardiac channelopathy animal models should translate into improved patient outcomes. This review provides a critical digest of the current evidence for sex-related differences in cardiac channelopathies and emphasizes their clinical implications and remaining gaps requiring further research.
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Notari, Mario, Ying Hu, Gopinath Sutendra, et al. "iASPP, a previously unidentified regulator of desmosomes, prevents arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)-induced sudden death." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 9 (2015): E973—E981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408111112.
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Desmosomes are anchoring junctions that exist in cells that endure physical stress such as cardiac myocytes. The importance of desmosomes in maintaining the homeostasis of the myocardium is underscored by frequent mutations of desmosome components found in human patients and animal models. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a phenotype caused by mutations in desmosomal components in ∼50% of patients, however, the causes in the remaining 50% of patients still remain unknown. A deficiency of inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP), an evolutionarily conserved inhibitor of p53, caused by spontaneous mutation recently has been associated with a lethal autosomal recessive cardiomyopathy in Poll Hereford calves and Wa3 mice. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate this putative function of iASPP are completely unknown. Here, we show that iASPP is expressed at intercalated discs in human and mouse postmitotic cardiomyocytes. iASPP interacts with desmoplakin and desmin in cardiomyocytes to maintain the integrity of desmosomes and intermediate filament networks in vitro and in vivo. iASPP deficiency specifically induces right ventricular dilatation in mouse embryos at embryonic day 16.5. iASPP-deficient mice with exon 8 deletion (Ppp1r13lΔ8/Δ8) die of sudden cardiac death, displaying features of ARVC. Intercalated discs in cardiomyocytes from four of six human ARVC cases show reduced or loss of iASPP. ARVC-derived desmoplakin mutants DSP-1-V30M and DSP-1-S299R exhibit weaker binding to iASPP. These data demonstrate that by interacting with desmoplakin and desmin, iASPP is an important regulator of desmosomal function both in vitro and in vivo. This newly identified property of iASPP may provide new molecular insight into the pathogenesis of ARVC.
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Kamdar, Manali K., and Darla K. Liles. "Sudden Death in Adult Sickle Cell Patients: A Single Institutional Experience." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1061.1061.
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Abstract Abstract 1061 In 1994 Platt et al published the Cooperative Study of Sickle cell Disease (CSSCD) which evaluated the course of nearly 4,000 children and adults with sickle cell disease. This study was one of the largest studies to look at survival in sickle cell disease and suggested a median survival of 42 years for males and 48 years for females with homozygous SS disease. In the past 20 years numerous supportive care measures have been implemented and the impact of these on survival of our adult sickle cell patients is unclear. We undertook a retrospective review of charts and autopsies for all patients in our adult sickle cell clinic that died from the time of inception until 2010 to determine if there was any impact on cause of death We performed a retrospective chart review study of all deaths of our adult sickle cell patients since inception of the clinic in 1998. Of the 260 patients actively enrolled in our clinic, 36 died during the time period of 1998 to 2010. Thirty four patients had sickle cell disease, 2 patients had sickle beta thalassemia, and no patient had Hemoglobin SC disease. Data regarding cause of death was determined from autopsy reports and from hospital charts at the time of death. The median age at death was 40 yrs. Despite most patients dying at or before age 40, only 9 of the 36 (25%) patients had autopsies. The cause of death in the autopsies obtained included liver infarct(1), drug overdose (2), cardiomyopathy (3), pulmonary emboli(1), coronary artery dissection(1) and chest syndrome(1). Of the patients who did not undergo autopsy, cause of death was evident in the hospital chart in 9 of the remaining 27 patients. In this group of patients cause of death was noted to be intracranial hemorrhage (2), sepsis (3), small bowel obstruction (1), cancer (1), chest syndrome (1) and heart failure (1). The remainder of the 18 patients died unexpectantly of sudden cardio respiratory arrest of undetermined etiology. Five of these patients died at home and 13 patients died within 48 hours of being hospitalized for acute pain crisis. In chart review of these 18 patients 7 patients had hypertension and 9 patients had renal failure. Of these 18 patients prior echocardiographic data was available in 14 patients. Interestingly, 7 of the 14 patients had TR jet velocity >2.5 m/second. The incidence of TR jet velocity >2.5 m/sec is higher than the 25–30% cited by Gladwin et al in a general sickle cell population. In summary despite numerous advances in supportive care over the past 15 years since the CSSCD the mean age of death in our small group of patients was still in the fourth decade. As in the CSSCD the majority of patients still died of cardiac and pulmonary complications many of which were not evident at the time of hospitalization. This retrospective data suggests close monitoring of these patients during the first two days of hospitalization given the high incidence of sudden cardiac death in this population. This retrospective review also suggests the necessity for improved screening and treatment modalities to prevent cardiopulmonary complications such as pulmonary hypertension in this population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lavezzi, Anna M., Riffat Mehboob, Graziella Alfonsi, and Stefano Ferrero. "Substantia Nigra Abnormalities Provide New Insight on the Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Sleep-Arousal Phase Dysfunctions in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." ASN Neuro 12 (January 2020): 175909142096269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759091420962695.
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The purpose of this study was to research possible developmental alterations of the substantia nigra (SN) in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), a syndrome frequently attributed to arousal failure from sleep. Brain stems of 46 victims of sudden infant death, aged from 1 to about 7 months (4 to 30 postnatal weeks), were investigated. Twenty-six of these cases were diagnosed as SIDS, due to the lack of any pathological finding, while the remaining 20 cases in which the cause of death was determined at autopsy served as controls. Maternal smoking was reported in 77% of SIDS and 10% of controls. Histopathological examination of the SN was done on 5-µm-thick sections of caudal midbrain stained with both hematoxylin-eosin and Klüver-Barrera. Densitometry, immunohistochemistry and histochemistry were applied to highlight the neuronal concentration, the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, and the presence of neuromelanin (NM) in this structure. Hypoplasia of the pars compacta portion of the SN was observed in 69% of SIDS but never in controls; TH expression was significantly higher in controls than in SIDS; and NM was observed only in 4 infants of the control group but not in SIDS. A significant correlation was found between SIDS, hypoplasia/low neuronal density, low TH expression in the pars compacta, and maternal smoking. Because the SN pars compacta, being the major dopamine brain center, controls many functions, including the sleep-arousal phase, its alterations, especially concurrently with smoking exposure, may contribute to explain the pathogenesis of SIDS that occur in the great part of cases at awakening from sleep.
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Gupta, Priyanka, Sanjeev Prashar, Chandan Parsad, and T. Sai Vijay. "Role of Shopping App Attributes in Creating Urges for Impulse Buying." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 19, no. 1 (2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2021010103.
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With high speed internet, the retailers are continually engaged in upgrading mobile apps that facilitate shoppers in shopping anywhere-anytime and arousing their sudden urges to buy impulsively. The present study endeavors to decipher the antecedents of mobile app-based impulsive buying behavior and determining their relative significance in triggering impulsive urges. Using structural equation modeling, causal analysis was undertaken to identify the role of effort expectancy, price and discounts, atmosphere and layout of app, and user experience and satisfaction in creating impulsive buying intentions. It was observed that price and discounts and user experience didn't have any influence in stirring the consumer for impulsive buying. To determine the relative significance of remaining four, artificial neural network modeling was undertaken. Effort expectancy was noted to have highest influence in creating impulsive urges, followed by atmosphere and layout of an app. User satisfaction had minimum impact. The paper concludes with practical implications for m-commerce players.
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Mao, Ling, Jie Xu, Jiajun Chen, Jinbin Zhao, Yuebao Wu, and Fengjun Yao. "A LSTM-STW and GS-LM Fusion Method for Lithium-Ion Battery RUL Prediction Based on EEMD." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092380.
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To address inaccurate prediction in remaining useful life (RUL) in current Lithium-ion batteries, this paper develops a Long Short-Term Memory Network, Sliding Time Window (LSTM-STW) and Gaussian or Sine function, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (GS-LM) fusion batteries RUL prediction method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Firstly, EEMD is used to decompose the original data into high-frequency and low-frequency components. Secondly, LSTM-STW and GS-LM are used to predict the high-frequency and low-frequency components, respectively. Finally, the LSTM-STW and GS-LM prediction results are effectively integrated in order to obtain the final prediction of the lithium-ion battery RUL results. This article takes the lithium-ion battery data published by NASA as input. The experimental results show that the method has higher accuracy, including the phenomenon of sudden capacity increase, and is less affected by the prediction starting point. The performance of the proposed method is better than other typical battery RUL prediction methods.