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Muhammad, Faheem Channa, Ahmed Shoaib, and Waheed Channa Abdul. "LAND POLLUTION AND ISLAMIC TEACHINGS." Al-Misbah Research Journal 03, no. 03 (2023): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8364943.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <em>The land is Allah’s most precious blessing for mankind. He adorned it with his countless blessings and appointed man as His vicegerent. Unfortunately, it is the man who polluted it for his own interest and now man himself is suffering from its dangerous consequences. Respiratory infections, lung cancer, cholera, hepatitis, typhoid and cardiovascular problem are but only a few of the long list diseases man has been suffering for a long time. Overcrowding in cities, increase in household and industrial waste, poisonous agricultural activities, excessive use of plastic and escalation of deforestation are the concrete reasons behind the exacerbating land pollution. That is why, land pollution has been the major concern for the whole world. Islam is a complete code of life. It is not just a set of instructions, but it is a complete guide with respect to every matter of life. Islam hates pollution and suggests strict punishment for those who are involved in such malpractices. There are many injunctions of Islam regarding land pollution and its preventions. It encourages man to plant trees, make land, water and air clean, and prohibits him to go against the nature of its environment. This is the only religion which shares its half faith in cleanliness. Therefore, man’s duty can never be the desolation and destruction of the earth. The responsibility of Allah’s vicegerent is of course to settle the earth and not to dispose of it in a way that is contrary to the purpose of creation. </em>
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Adjei, Bridget, Eric Paul Tudzi, Anthony Owusu-Ansah, Joseph Kwaku Kidido, and Pamela Durán-Díaz. "The Impacts of Mining Industries on Land Tenure in Ghana: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review." Land 13, no. 9 (2024): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13091386.
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The mining industry is indispensable for development, and in developing countries like Ghana, it drives economic growth by generating revenue and creating job opportunities for millions of people. Nonetheless, irresponsible mining results in the deprivation of people’s right to surface land, predominantly held under customary land tenure, with agriculture as the mainstay of livelihood. Mining activities have extensive repercussions for the land tenure system, resulting in the displacement of people, the loss of land rights, and reduced control and access to land. All these impact the economic, environmental, and social conditions of the people in the community. This systematic literature review thoroughly analyzes the impact of mining on land rights in Ghana, revealing complex dynamics, challenges, and possible remedies. To achieve this, 183 of an initial pool of 495 academic journals, research papers, books, reports, policies, and legal documents were critically reviewed. This research reveals the challenges faced by mining-induced communities because of the displacement which has resulted in the loss of ancestral lands and disruption to community life. The displacement is also coupled with economic disparities and social tension. Furthermore, the ripple effects of environmental degradation, such as deforestation, water pollution, noise, and air pollution, have dire consequences on land use and ownership, particularly for communities dependent on natural resources. This review brings to light various responses and effective strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of mining on land tenure in Ghana. These include community engagement strategies, corporate social responsibility initiatives, and legal reforms. This study reveals that mining compensation depends on the duration of the mining lease, therefore implying that the expropriated parties have reversionary interests in their lands. The procedure for giving the land back to the owner is not explicitly outlined in the law. This underscores the need for a review of the law governing mining, sustainable mining practices, and environmental management to safeguard the land tenure system. This review enlightens policymakers, researchers, mining enterprises, and local communities regarding the intricacies of this convergence, offering a foundation for well-informed decision making. It underscores the crucial importance of upholding sustainable development, social fairness, and responsible resource management within the framework of Ghana’s diverse land tenure traditions.
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SHAN, Jingjing, and Zhanyun WU. "The Healthy China Initiative: Reality, Problems and Remedies." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 06, no. 03 (2018): 1850019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748118500197.
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The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee passed the resolution to build a healthy China, which was then upgraded to a national strategy in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in October 2016. This paper begins with describing health development in China and then argues that despite the good foundation that has been laid for building a healthy China, the country still faces serious problems, such as healthcare services falling short of demand, people’s health and quality of life yet to be improved, the wide gap between the rich and poor and structural imbalances, serious environmental pollution, and increasing security risks. In the end, suggestions are provided from the perspectives of creating a healthy environment, improving health services, developing a healthy population, building a healthy society, and increasing support for health development to advance the Healthy China initiative.
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Shamima Shultana and Ruhul A. Khan. "Water quality assessment, reasons of river water pollution, impact on human health and remediation of polluted river water." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 2 (2022): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.2.0053.
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Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The pride of Bangladesh is her rivers with one of the largest networks in the world. The Rivers of Bangladesh play an important role in the wealth of our country. The prosperity of agriculture and fisheries are depending on the rivers. But our resourceful rivers become polluted day by day due to over growth of population and uncontrolled industrialization and urbanization, which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health as well as aquatics ecosystem and environment. Improper management of industrial and seawage effluents are major causes of river water pollution. The microorganisms within the water are prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies, Asthma etc. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lots of water treatment systems like physical chemical treatments, microbial remediation, wetland remediation etc. are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers. So, our government should take necessary steps to prevent river water as soon as possible.
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Shamima, Shultana, and A. Khan Ruhul. "Water quality assessment, reasons of river water pollution, impact on human health and remediation of polluted river water." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 2 (2022): 107–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6331581.
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Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The pride of Bangladesh is her rivers with one of the largest networks in the world.<strong> </strong>The Rivers of Bangladesh play an important role in the wealth of our country. The prosperity of agriculture and fisheries are depending on the rivers. But our resourceful rivers become polluted day by day due to over growth of population and uncontrolled industrialization and urbanization, which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health as well as aquatics ecosystem and environment. Improper management of industrial and seawage effluents are major causes of river water pollution. The microorganisms within the water are prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies, Asthma etc. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lots of water treatment systems like physical chemical treatments, microbial remediation, wetland remediation etc. are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers. So, our government should take necessary steps to prevent river water as soon as possible.
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Artikova, Khafiza, and Sayyora Shadiyeva. "Ecological condition of soils, problems of pollution and its prevention." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338904014.
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In this article, the ecological condition of the soil, its contamination by various factors, and the methods of preparation for land reclamation activities in drought-affected soil areas are studied. Additional remedial measures such as soil contamination, agrotechnical measures, use of oil-degrading bacterial strains, and planting of various plants in renewable options were considered.
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Drobník, Jaroslav. "Odpovědnost za staré škody na životním prostředí." AUC IURIDICA 45, no. 3 (2020): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2025.290.
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Summary Liability for damage caused to the environment in the past is applied in the Czech Republic also to damage caused by the state enterprises to privatized property. Thus it was necessary to resolve the question of the person to be held liable for this damage after the state enterprise has been dissolved. The necessary prerequisite of the liability is the examination of damage. In the past this was never performed and only the privatization brought about this need. lt was the Act No. 92/1991 C.L. which in ž 6a laid down the duty to assess ecological covenants of the enterprise which was about to be privatized. The Czech law possesses no special regulation of the liability for environmental damage caused in the past. lt is therefore possible to assert the rights arising from the Civil Code provisions on the liability for damage (yet these are often statute barred due to the lapse of the limitation period) alongside the measures taken by the state agencies against these who are liable for the harm done to the environment. Administrative remedies awarded for damage caused in the past are applicable by the appropriate agencies against these who are liable or their legal successors. These include persons who took over the possession of the privatized state property encumbered with ecological damage. Administrative remedies can be granted subject to the provisions of the Act on Waters, Act on the Protection of Nature and the Landscape, and the Act on Waste. Yet only the Act on Waste stipulates that it is the owner of the land who is responsible for the elimination of the waste unless the person who disposed of the waste on this land is identified. Thus another problem arises, i.e. who shall be liable for the past damage provided the person who caused it has not been identified. The government of the Czech Republic decided that in the course of privatization of its property the state shall use the resources of the Fund of National Property to cover the costs incurred by the rectification of damage consisting in the pollution of water or soil as well as in the existence of dumping grounds where the waste was produced by the state enterprises’ activities on the land. The detailed conditions of covering the costs are set in the Czech Republic Government Resolution No 123 of 1993. Subsequent procedure of applying the liability for damage caused to the environment in the past should consist in completing its itemized list. This is the prerequisite for the systematic resolution of the issue whose progress will also depend on the funds available for this purpose.
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Santan, Kumar, Kumar Prabhash, and Ranjan Surabhi. "Ground and Surface Water Polluted in Manpur Block." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 2 (2018): 673–77. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd9488.
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Human activities are considered to be contamination. Every persons wants clean water for drinking, bathing and other domestic uses, but not everybody appreciates the fact that our own actions are often the worst enemy in achieving that goal. Ground water is one of the most misused and misunderstood resources. Because ground water and its movement, and consequently also its pollution, is hidden from view beneath the land surface, the seriousness of ground water pollution problems has not been recognized until recently. The sources of manpur block ground water pollution are many and varied because in addition to natural processes practically every type of facility or structure installed by man and each and every one of his activities may eventually contribute to ground water quality problems. The quality of ground water is most commonly affected by waste disposal. Other major sources result from agricultural activities and ground water development. In addition to these three major categories, there are other potential sources of pollution, such as mining, spills, leakage from underground pipes and tanks, and road salting. All of these activities can generate pollutants which eventually may enter the ground water systems and slowly begin to move through the subsurface environment. Once under the ground, the pollutants are hidden from view and the existence of ground water pollution becomes evident only if they remerge on the surface or in water wells. When this occurs, it is almost too late to do anything about it. The effects of pollution may remain in the aquifers for years, decades, or centuries, because the residence time of ground water is very slow. Ground water pollution may even result in aquifers or parts of quifersbeing damaged beyond repair. The effects of manpur block groundwater pollution are wide. Human infectious disease is one of the more serious effects of water pollution, in this paper the overview of ground water pollution and its consequences over health and environment is taken. Also the possible remedies are discussed in the paper. Santan Kumar | Prabhash Kumar | Surabhi Ranjan "Ground and Surface Water Polluted in Manpur Block" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9488.pdf
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Lin, C. E., C. M. Kao, C. J. Jou, Y. C. Lai, C. Y. Wu, and S. H. Liang. "Preliminary identification of watershed management strategies for the Houjing river in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (2010): 1667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.460.
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The Houjing River watershed is one of the three major river watersheds in the Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Based on the recent water quality analysis, the Houjing River is heavily polluted. Both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are the major causes of the poor water quality in the Houjing River. Investigation results demonstrate that the main point pollution sources included municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewaters. In this study, land use identification in the Houjing River watershed was performed by integrating the skills of geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS). Results show that the major land-use patterns in the upper catchment of the Houjing River watershed were farmlands, and land-use patterns in the mid to lower catchment were residential and industrial areas. An integrated watershed management model (IWMM) and Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2K) were applied for the hydrology and water quality modeling, watershed management, and carrying capacity calculation. Modeling results show that the calculated NH3-N carrying capacity of the Houjing River was only 31 kg/day. Thus, more than 10,518 kg/day of NH3-N needs to be reduced to meet the proposed water quality standard (0.3 mg/L). To improve the river water quality, the following remedial strategies have been developed to minimize the impacts of NPS and point source pollution on the river water quality: (1) application of BMPs [e.g. source (fertilizer) reduction, construction of grassy buffer zone, and land use management] for NPS pollution control; (2) application of river management scenarios (e.g. construction of the intercepting and sewer systems) for point source pollution control; (3) institutional control (enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards), and (4) application of on-site wastewater treatment systems for the polishment of treated wastewater for water reuse.
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Gada, Sahabi Nasibatu. "Plastic Solid Waste Management Assessment Among Selected Schools in Gwadabawa Local Government, Sokoto, Nigeria." EDUMALSYS Journal of Research in Education Management 2, no. 1 (2024): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/edumalsys.v2i1.2849.
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The objective of this work was to assess the plastic solid waste management among selected schools in Gwadabawa Local Government, Sokoto, Nigeria. A descriptive survey (cross-sectional) study was employed and collected data from portions of schools and respondents. The findings indicate that, demographic characteristics of teacher respondents involved in this study are: Males are 66.7%, females are 33.3%; and the levels of education include, NCE/diploma (58.0%), BSc (26.7%), MSc (13.3%), and PhD (2.0%). Regards to students involved, 48.0% are males, 60.0% are females; 36.0% are 18-20 years old, and 64.0% are above 20 years old. The level of education of students include, 60.0% diploma students, and 40.0% certificates students. The effects are listed in the order of frequency as submitted by participants: Release of gases (20.5%), land pollution (17.0%), water pollution (15.0%), attraction of vermin (11.0%), breeding of diseases (10.5%), loss of biodiversity (7.5%), reduction of beauty of environment (7.5%), offensive odour (5.0%), flooding (5.0%), and particulates release (1.0%). Methods of waste elimination are: open disposal occurs among 37.5% schools; likewise, open disposal and burning, occur in 37.5%; while, use as fertilizer was recorded in 12.5% schools. Waste collection methods are either open dumping (80.0%), or use of containers (20.0%). The use of segregation of waste; therewith, only 20.0% practice segregation, the remaining 80.0% do not practice segregation, rather openly display mixtures of waste materials. The possible remedies to mitigate plastic solid waste mismanagement and effects include, education (awareness) and behavior change (53.3%) was mostly stated, funding (26.7%), improvisation (15.3%), scavenging (3.3%), and innovations (1.3%). Policy makers need to act urgently in diverse ways, and the people are supposed to be educated on ways of remediating plastic waste pollution.
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Gada, Sahabi Nasibatu. "Plastic Solid Waste Management Assessment Among Selected Schools in Gwadabawa Local Government, Sokoto, Nigeria." Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International 1, no. 1 (2024): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/mjaei.v1i1.2851.
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The objective of this work was to assess the plastic solid waste management among selected schools in Gwadabawa Local Government, Sokoto, Nigeria. A descriptive survey (cross-sectional) study was employed and collected data from portions of schools and respondents. The findings indicate that, demographic characteristics of teacher respondents involved in this study are: Males are 66.7%, females are 33.3%; and the levels of education include, NCE/diploma (58.0%), BSc (26.7%), MSc (13.3%), and PhD (2.0%). Regards to students involved, 48.0% are males, 60.0% are females; 36.0% are 18-20 years old, and 64.0% are above 20 years old. The level of education of students include, 60.0% diploma students, and 40.0% certificates students. The effects are listed in the order of frequency as submitted by participants: Release of gases (20.5%), land pollution (17.0%), water pollution (15.0%), attraction of vermin (11.0%), breeding of diseases (10.5%), loss of biodiversity (7.5%), reduction of beauty of environment (7.5%), offensive odour (5.0%), flooding (5.0%), and particulates release (1.0%). Methods of waste elimination are: open disposal occurs among 37.5% schools; likewise, open disposal and burning, occur in 37.5%; while, use as fertilizer was recorded in 12.5% schools. Waste collection methods are either open dumping (80.0%), or use of containers (20.0%). The use of segregation of waste; therewith, only 20.0% practice segregation, the remaining 80.0% do not practice segregation, rather openly display mixtures of waste materials. The possible remedies to mitigate plastic solid waste mismanagement and effects include, education (awareness) and behavior change (53.3%) was mostly stated, funding (26.7%), improvisation (15.3%), scavenging (3.3%), and innovations (1.3%). Policy makers need to act urgently in diverse ways, and the people are supposed to be educated on ways of remediating plastic waste pollution.
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Hewett, C. J. M., P. F. Quinn, P. G. Whitehead, A. L. Heathwaite, and N. J. Flynn. "Towards a nutrient export risk matrix approach to managing agricultural pollution at source." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 4 (2004): 834–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-834-2004.
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Abstract. A generic Nutrient Export Risk Matrix (NERM) approach is presented. This provides advice to farmers and policy makers on good practice for reducing nutrient loss and, hopefully, persuades them to implement such measures. Combined with a range of nutrient transport modelling tools and field experiments, NERMs can play an important role in reducing nutrient export from agricultural land. The Phosphorus Export Risk Matrix (PERM) is presented as an example NERM. The PERM integrates hydrological understanding of runoff with a number of agronomic and policy factors into a clear problem-solving framework. This allows farmers and policy makers to visualise strategies for reducing phosphorus loss through proactive land management. The risk of pollution is assessed by a series of informed questions relating to farming intensity and practice. This information is combined with the concept of runoff management to point towards simple, practical remedial strategies which do not compromise farmers’ ability to obtain sound economic returns from their crop and livestock. Keywords: nutrients, phosphorus, export, risk, decision support, matrix
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Osman, A.O. Elmakki. "Natural Wealth or National Weakness: Analyzing the Impact of Resource Exploitation on Sudanese Sovereignty." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 10, no. 1 (2025): 1731–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14808085.
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This paper examines the relationship between rich natural resources and national sovereignty in Sudan, assessing the implications of resource exploitation on governance, social cohesion, and environmental viability. The paper discusses Sudan, which is a country with much wealth in oil, gold, and very fertile agricultural land. While this may present huge economic opportunities, the management of resources is often undermining political stability and national autonomy. The research underlines how reliance on resource revenues exacerbates inequality, fuels corruption, and intensifies social conflict-particularly in Darfur, South Sudan, and many other marginalized areas. Further, external influences, foreign investment, and multinational companies confuse the calculus of sovereignty with profit and not sustainable development. In addition, environmental degradation like deforestation and water pollution further degrades local livelihoods and national stability. The findings that emerge highlight a paradox: even as natural resources can potentially boost Sudan's economy, poor governance and external pressures limit their benefits and weaken the nation's sovereignty. The paper therefore advocates for sustainable management of resources, inclusive frameworks for governance, and fair sharing of resource revenues as remedies for these challenges. The focus on environmental integrity coupled with socio- political equity allows Sudan to turn its natural wealth into a basis for stability and sovereignty.
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Etuk, Etiese, Kingsley C. Ogboi, C. A. Nwadinigwe, and Wali Elekwachi. "A Comparative Analysis of Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil in the Island Forest Ecosystem and the Low land Forest Ecosystem in the Niger Delta through Enhanced Natural Attenuation Process (ENAP)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 1 (2021): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9027.
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The Niger Delta region has witnessed environmental pollution arising from oil activities over the years of oil exploration and production. Soil fertility in both the Lowland Forest Ecological Zone and Island Forest Ecological Zone were investigated to establish the consequences of oil pollution on the soil and remedial actions to restore back quality and fertility of the soil. A suitable cost effective and environmentally friendly technology to handle the pollutions in the Niger Delta region can be found in Remediation by Enhanced Natural Attenuation Process (ENAP) which facilitates the activities of microorganisms to biodegrade the hydrocarbon impacted soil. The study compared the bio-physicochemical parameters of the oil spill polluted soil with particular reference to areas of oil production of the two Ecological Systems with those of the unaffected soil as well as their response to bioremediation interventions using ENAP. The results demonstrated significant decrease in the values of the key indicator parameter, the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). But for the unenhanced process, the result showed low level of reduction of TPH values for the polluted soils. A degradation trend was demonstrated with time leading to significant TPH reductions and improved key soil fertility indices. The result showed that the level of the nutrient status of soil in the region can be improved through the natural attenuation process.
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Darwin, Darwin, Bambang Sukarno Putra, Ramayanty Bulan, and Muhammad Rizal. "Application of Tofu Waste Treatment Installation to Produce Land Remediation Culture in Punge Blang Cut Banda Aceh." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (2023): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32815/jpm.v4i2.2004.
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Purpose: This research paper explores an integrated solution for managing tofu waste from the SOLO Tofu Factory. By combining anaerobic digestion technology with urban organic farming, the study aims to provide a sustainable waste management model that benefits the factory and the surrounding community.
 Method: The study utilized mixed methods, including qualitative interviews and quantitative on-site observations. Anaerobic digestion technology was employed for waste treatment, and its effluent was analyzed for its potential as a bio-fertilizer. A sustainable urban organic farming system was developed, utilizing treated waste for cultivation. Data analysis involved qualitative thematic and quantitative measurement analysis.
 Practical Applications: The integrated approach offers helpful solutions. It provides the factory with an eco-friendly waste management solution, reducing pollution. The urban organic farming system promotes sustainable agriculture and remediates land, making it cultivable. This model serves as a blueprint for similar industries, fostering community development and environmental awareness.
 Conclusion: The research demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating anaerobic digestion and urban organic farming for tofu waste management. This approach offers practical, scalable solutions, reducing pollution, promoting sustainable agriculture, and fostering community development.
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Sharma, S. S., and A. Vashishtha. "Physicochemical characterisation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated land of Guru Gobind Singh refinery’s peripheral area, Punjab." Environment Conservation Journal 22, no. 1&2 (2021): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.221230.
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Petroleum hydrocarbons are a critical environmental contaminant and pose a serious hazard to the living system as petroleum hydrocarbons are identified as carcinogenic and neurotoxic organic pollutants. Therefore, remedial methods are required to dispose of it. With a modern understanding of nature and microorganisms, bioremediation is the preferred method for soil pollution control. However, before the implementation of successful bioremediation technology, it is required to assess various physico-chemical parameters of contaminated soil. In the present study, various physico-chemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, organic carbon, organic matter, available nitrogen, carbonate, bicarbonate, potassium and sodium contents of the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil were estimated. The results suggested a rise in all the estimated parameters for the petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.
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Randall, C. W. "The environmental, economic and societal consequences of inadequate nitrogen pollution controls." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (2004): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0733.
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Because adequate nutrient controls were not established in the USA and other countries when there were past opportunities to do so, nutrient pollution of estuaries and coastal waters has resulted in the impairment of ecosystems and major reductions or collapse of fisheries at numerous sites around the world, resulting in major economic and societal impacts. The root problem is that political policies and processes have permitted municipalities, developers, industries and farmers to expand and operate without paying the full cost of their activities. Their expanded activities have occurred at the expense and displacement of those who rely on the productivity and recreational value of our estuarine and coastal waters. Some governments have developed remedial nutrient control programs, but most of them have been poorly conceived, under funded and inadequately enforced, resulting in small increments of progress that tend to be lost because of inadequate land use and immigration controls. It is proposed that establishment of comprehensive nutrient controls is needed throughout the world to preserve and protect estuarine and coastal waters, and to protect or re-establish fisheries, for both economic and societal stability. Nitrogen is the key nutrient for the establishment of control strategies. It is recommended that nutrient recovery from wastewaters and controlled reuse of both water and nutrients be widely implemented as a part of nutrient control strategies.
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Garewal, Sahajpreet Kaur, Avinash D. Vasudeo, Vishrut S. Landge, and Aniruddha D. Ghare. "A GIS-based Modified DRASTIC (ANP) method for assessment of groundwater vulnerability: a case study of Nagpur city, India." Water Quality Research Journal 52, no. 2 (2015): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2017.046.
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Quality of groundwater is as important as quantity. For effective planning and management of groundwater resources, groundwater vulnerability assessment is most significant. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the groundwater vulnerable zones of Nagpur city, using Modified DRASTIC methods within a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. DRASTIC method has been modified using land use/land cover parameter; weight of the parameters was modified using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytical Network Process (ANP). Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to consider the most sensitive parameters. A new approach ANP was applied on DRASTIC for the first time to modify the weight of the parameters. Groundwater vulnerable zones obtained from the DRASTIC, Modified DRASTIC, Modified DRASTIC AHP and Modified DRASTIC ANP were compared and validated using field data of nitrate concentration. Results obtained from the Modified DRASTIC ANP are found to be well correlated with the nitrate concentration of the city and it is appropriate for assessment of groundwater vulnerable zones of Nagpur city. From this study it was found that the necessary remedial measures should be taken in the highly vulnerable zones of Nagpur city for further prevention of groundwater pollution.
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Randall, C. W. "Potential societal and economic impacts of wastewater nutrient removal and recycling." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (2003): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0004.
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Because adequate nutrient controls were not established when there were past opportunities to do so, nutrient pollution of estuaries and coastal waters has resulted in the impairment of ecosystems and major reductions or collapse of fisheries at numerous sites around the world, resulting in major economical and societal impacts. The root of the problem is that the political policies and processes have permitted municipalities, developers, industries and farmers to expand and operate without paying the full cost of their activities, and this has been done at the expense of those who rely on the productivity and recreational value of our estuarine and coastal waters. Some governments have developed remedial nutrient control programs, but most of them have been under funded and inadequately enforced, resulting in small increments of progress that tend to be lost because of inadequate land use and immigration controls. It is believed that nutrient recovery and controlled reuse can provide a major tool for the control of nutrient pollution and should be widely implemented. Plans are currently being developed to promote widespread use of nutrient recovery and reuse in the Chesapeake Bay region of the USA. An example of phosphorus reuse is presented.
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Kao, C. M., F. C. Wu, K. F. Chen, T. F. Lin, Y. E. Yen, and P. C. Chiang. "Pollutant sources investigation and remedial strategies development for the Kaoping River Basin, Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (2003): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0429.
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The Kaoping River Basin, located in southern Taiwan, flows through approximately 171 km and drains towards the South Taiwan Strait. It is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. Based on the results from the pollutant sources investigation and water quality analysis, the main water pollution sources of the Kaoping River were livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, leachate from riverbank landfills, and non-point source (NPS) pollutants from agricultural areas in the upper catchment. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevant legislation and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. The following remedial strategies have been taken to improve the river water quality since 2001: (1) hog ban in the upper catchment of the Kaoping River Basin, thus, 510 thousand hogs have been removed/relocated; (2) removal of riverbank landfills; (3) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards; (4) sewer system construction in five cities along the river corridor; (5) application of best management practices for NPS pollutant control; (6) application of natural wastewater treatment systems (e.g. land treatment, constructed wetland, overland flow, riverbank sedimentation/aeration pond) for domestic wastewater treatment in rural areas; and (7) construction of the watershed geographical information system (GIS) and real time water quality monitoring system to effectively monitor and manage the watershed. Recent water quality investigation results indicate that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nutrient loadings to the Kaoping River have been significantly reduced and the water quality has been improved after the implementation of the remedial strategies described above. Results and experience obtained from this study will be helpful in designing the watershed management strategies for other similar river basins.
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Bhandari, Sulakshya, Sudarshana Shakya, Bijaya Adhikari, et al. "Non-carcinogenic and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Exposure to Indoor Dust in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Chemical Society 42, no. 1 (2021): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v42i1.35324.
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The present study was carried out to assess the contamination of heavy metals in indoor household dust of Kathmandu, Nepal, and its adverse effect on the indoor environment and human health. The concentrations of four heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) in a total of ninety-three (N = 93) indoor dust samples collected from four different types of land use zones viz., commercial, heavy traffic, residential, and control (undisturbed) of Kathmandu were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in indoor dust samples over the study zones were 0.89, 158.1, 113.3, and 65.3 mg kg−1, respectively. The land use zones showed the various degree of metal contamination in indoor dust ranging from moderate to considerable level. PLI showed a high pollution load in the monitored locations, indicating an alarming condition and the urgent need for immediate remedial actions. Hazard quotient (HQ) values indicated ingestion as the major pathway of indoor dust heavy metal exposure to children while the inhalation pathway remained dominant in adults. Hazard index (HI) values showed no probable non-carcinogenic risk of the heavy metals present in the indoor dust of Kathmandu. For carcinogenic health risk, TLCR values were found within the acceptable safe limit indicating no cancer risk for both the receptor groups.
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Hasab, Hashim Ali, Hayder Dibs, Abdulameer Sulaiman Dawood, Wurood Hasan Hadi, Hussain M. Hussain, and Nadhir Al-Ansari. "Monitoring and Assessment of Salinity and Chemicals in Agricultural Lands by a Remote Sensing Technique and Soil Moisture with Chemical Index Models." Geosciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10060207.
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Agricultural land in the south of Iraq provides habitat for several types of living creatures. This land has a significant impact on the ecosystem. The agricultural land of Al-Hawizeh marsh covers an area of more than 3500 km2 and is considered an enriched resource to produce several harvests. A total of 74% of this area suffers from a high degree of salinity and chemical pollution, which needs to be remedied. Several human-made activities and post-war-related events have caused radical deterioration in soil quality in the agricultural land. The goal of this research was to integrate mathematical models, remote sensing data, and GIS to provide a powerful tool to predict, assess, monitor, manage, and map the salinity and chemical parameters of iron (Fe), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) in the soils of agricultural land in Al-Hawizeh marsh in southern Iraq during the four seasons of 2017. The mathematical model consists of four parts. The first depends on the B6 and B11 bands of Landsat-8, to calculate the soil moisture index (SMI). The second is the salinity equation (SE), which depends on the SMI result to retrieve the salinity values from Landsat-8 images. The third part depends on the B6 and B7 bands of Landsat-8, which calculates the clay chemical index (CCIs). The fourth part is the chemical equation (CE), which depends on the CCI to retrieve the chemical values (Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn) from Landsat-8 images. The average salinity concentrations during autumn, summer, spring, and winter were 1175, 1010, 1105, and 1789 mg/dm3, respectively. The average Fe concentrations during autumn, summer, spring and winter were 813, 784, 842, and 1106 mg/dm3, respectively. The average Pb concentrations during autumn, summer, spring, and winter were 4.85, 3.79, 4.74, and 7.2 mg/dm3, respectively. The average Cu concentrations during autumn, summer, spring, and winter were 3.9, 3.1, 4.45, and 7.5 mg/dm3, respectively. The average Cr concentrations during autumn, summer, spring, and winter seasons were 1.28, 0.73, 1.03, and 2.91 mg/dm3, respectively. Finally, the average Zn concentrations during autumn, summer, spring, and winter were 8.25, 6, 7.05, and 12 mg/dm3, respectively. The results show that the concentrations of salinity and chemicals decreased in the summer and increased in the winter. The decision tree (DT) classification depended on the output results for salinity and chemicals for both SE and CE equations. This classification refers to all the parameters simultaneously in one stage. The output of DT classification results can display all the soil quality parameters (salinity, Fe, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn) in one image. This approach was repeated for each season in this study. In conclusion, the developed systematic and generic approach may constitute a basis for determining soil quality parameters in agricultural land worldwide.
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Balíková, Katarína, Hana Vojtková, Eva Duborská, Hyunjung Kim, Peter Matúš, and Martin Urík. "Role of Exopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas in Heavy Metal Removal and Other Remediation Strategies." Polymers 14, no. 20 (2022): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204253.
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Pseudomonas biofilms have been studied intensively for several decades and research outcomes have been successfully implemented in various medical and agricultural applications. Research on biofilm synthesis and composition has also overlapped with the objectives of environmental sciences, since biofilm components show exceptional physicochemical properties applicable to remediation techniques. Especially, exopolysaccharides (ExPs) have been at the center of scientific interest, indicating their potential in solving the environmental issues of heavy metal land and water contamination via sorptive interactions and flocculation. Since exposure to heavy metal via contaminated water or soil poses an imminent risk to the environment and human health, ExPs provide an interesting and viable solution to this issue, alongside other effective and green remedial techniques (e.g., phytostabilization, implementation of biosolids, and biosorption using agricultural wastes) aiming to restore contaminated sites to their natural, pollution-free state, or to ameliorate the negative impact of heavy metals on the environment. Thus, we discuss the plausible role and performance of Pseudomonas ExPs in remediation techniques, aiming to provide the relevant available and comprehensive information on ExPs’ biosynthesis and their usage in heavy metal remediation or other environmental applications, such as wastewater treatment via bioflocculation and soil remediation.
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Runa, Bhagabati, and Borkotoki Aparajita. "STATUS OF PATKAI LAKE NEAR TIKAK OPEN CAST MINE, ASSAM: A HYDRO-BIOLOGICAL APPROACH." Biolife 2, no. 2 (2022): 610–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7214149.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> To see the impact of Acid mine drainage (AMD) in Patkai wetland near Tikak open cast mine of Margherita Sub-division , District Tinsukia, Assam, the hydro-biological characteristics were analysed for the year 2007-08. Physico-chemical characteristics revealed low D.O. (3.21 mg/l); high turbidity (25.19 NTU), hardness (83.15 mg/l); presence of heavy metals like Arsenic (0.038 mg/l) and Iron (0.18 mg/l) beyond permissible level in water and sediment soil. Aquatic diversity represents less diversity of plankton as well as low fish distribution with six species belonging to four genus indicating water pollution due to mining activities. The wetland needs immediate conservation to restore its value as potential water body. <strong>REFERENCE</strong><strong>S</strong> <strong>APHA. (1995).</strong> Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and waste water.18<sup>th</sup> edition. 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(2010).</strong> A Study on toxicological impact of Endosulfan (Endocel) on some target organs in Channa puntatus(Bloch).Ph D thesis, Gauhati University Assam. <strong>Dey, A. K., (</strong>1996). Environmental Chemistry. 3<sup>rd</sup> ed, New Age International (P) Ltd. pp23. <strong>Dkhar, A.A. and Rai, R. K.</strong> (2005). In : O.P. Singh (Eds.), Impact of coal mining on micro-landforms in Jaintia Hills, Dist. Megahalaya. Mining Environment: problems & Remeidies, New Delhi; Regency pub, xiii, p278; ISBN 81-89233-16-5. <strong>Dutta, M., Ghosh, R. and Singh, G. (2002).</strong> Impact of Mining on Water Regime & its Energy Security Insights, 1:3, December, 2002 -http://www.teriin.org. <strong>Dutta, P. Mahanta, S. and De, P. </strong>(2004). A Methodology for cumulative impact assessment of open cast mining project with special reference to air quality assessment. Impact & project Appraisal, 22: 3, 235-250. <strong>Freda, J. (1991).</strong>The effect of Aluminium and other metals on amphibians, Environn pollut. 71 : 305-328. <strong>Galpon, P. (1997</strong>). Igneta Connect Colonization of spoil benches of open cast lignite mine in North West Spain by Amphibians and Reptiles. Biological conservation, Pub. Elsevier science .79: 2, 187-195. <strong>Gerald, I. Spielholtz, G., Toralballa, C. and Ralph J. Steinberg. (1971).</strong> Mikrochimica Acta(Wien), Spinger-Verlag, 918-923. <strong>Hamilton-Buchanan,</strong> (1822). An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches, Edinburg and Landon. 405: 39, 1822 <strong>Hasin, F. and Islam, M. (2005).</strong> In: O.P. Singh (Eds.), Comparison of soil micro-fauna of coalmine and its neighbouring areas of Tikak open cast Mine, Margherita, Assam; Mining Environment: problems and Remedies , New Delhi, Regency pub, xiii, 278p, ISBN 81-89233-16-5. <strong> Jayaram, K. C. (1999).</strong> The fresh water fishes of the Indian Region, Narendra Publishing house. Delhi. p. 551. <strong> Jhingran, V. G.</strong> (1985). Fish and Fisheries of India: Hindustan Publishing Corporation (India) Delhi. <strong>Khanderwal, M. and Singh, T. N. (2005).</strong> Prediction of blast induced air overpressure in open cast mine; Noise & vibration worldwide, 36(2): 7-16 . <strong>Lahon, B. (1979).</strong> Fisheries potentialities of Beels (Nee Lakes) in Assam – a case study. Proc. All India Sem. Ichthyol. Maltby, E. In: Wetland and their values. Wetlands Facts on File, Oxford, New York. <strong>Lande, S.P. and Guttman. (1973).</strong> The effect of Copper Sulphate on the growth and mortality of Rana pipens Tadpoles. Herpatologica. 29: 22-27. <strong>Maiti, S. K. and Ghosh, M. K.</strong> (2005). Ecological Restoration of acidic coalmine overburden dumps- An Indian case study. Land contamination & Reclamation; EPP publication .13(4):361-369 . <strong>Mariance, P. K. 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(2000).</strong> Mercury accumulation in freshwater fish with emphasis on the dietary influence. Water Research, Vol 34( 17) ,4234-4242. <strong>Zitko, V. and Carson, W. G. (1976)</strong>. A mechanism of the effects of water hardness on the lethality of heavy metals to fish. Chemosphere. 5. 299-303.
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Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, Lidia, Stefan Pietrzak, Dawid Dybowski, et al. "Impact of agricultural farms on the environment of the Puck Commune: Integrated agriculture calculator—CalcGosPuck." PeerJ 7 (February 19, 2019): e6478. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6478.
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Background Leaching of nutrients from agricultural areas is the main cause of water pollution and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. A variety of remedial actions to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural holdings and cultivated fields have been taken in the past. However, knowledge about the risk of nutrient leaching has not yet reached many farmers operating in the water catchment area of the Baltic Sea. Methods The nutrient balance method known as “At the farm gate” involves calculating separate balances for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). After estimating all the components of the nutrient balance, the total balance for NPK is calculated and the data obtained is expressed as the ratio of total change (surplus) to the area of arable land on a farm. In addition, the nutrient usage efficiency on a farm is also calculated. An opinion poll was conducted in 2017 on 3.6% (n = 31) of the farms located in commune of Puck. The total area of the farms including arable and grass land ranged from 5 to 130 ha with an average of 45.82 ha. The arable land was on average 30.79 ha ranging from 4.45 to 130 ha while the grassland averaged 12.77 ha and ranged from 0 to 53 ha. Results The average consumption of mineral fertilizer in the sample population of farms was 114.9 kg N, 9.3 kg P, and 22.9 kg K·ha−1of agricultural land (AL), respectively. N balance in the sample farms being ranged from −23.3 to 254.5 kg N·ha−1AL while nutrient use efficiency ranged from 0.40% to 231.3%. In comparison, P surplus in the sample farms was 5.0 kg P·ha−1AL with the P use efficiency of 0.4–266.5%. Discussion Mean N fertilizer consumption in the tested farms was higher than the average usage across Poland and in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. However, mean consumption of potassium fertilizers was lower than mentioned averages. Mean P fertilizer consumption was higher than in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, but lower compared to the entire country. Generally, on the basis of designated research indicators of farm pressures on water quality, concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were obtained. CalcGosPuck (an integrated agriculture calculator) will help to raise farmers’ awareness about NPK flow on farm scale and to improve nutrient management.
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Verma, Dr Abhai Kumar. "Quantitatively Physical and Chemical Analysis of Soil Samples of District Dhule, Maharashtra." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 12 (2024): 515–20. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.65827.
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In many developing countries, open dumping remains the primary method for disposing of municipal solid waste (MSW). However, this practice causes significant environmental problems. Leachate from these dumpsites pollutes surface water, while heavy metals from the waste contaminate groundwater over time. Additionally, the release of gases such as CO₂, CH₄, and other toxic emissions contributes to air pollution and exacerbates climate change. These dumpsites not only harm the environment but also become unsightly, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable and eco-friendly waste disposal methods. Bio-mining offers a practical and effective solution for reclaiming large dumpsites. This process involves extracting, recycling, and reusing various materials from waste dumps in an organized manner, promoting resource recovery and economic benefits. Bio-mining is an innovative, cost-effective, fast, and environmentally sustainable method that remediates old dumpsites, eliminates landfill gases and leachate emissions, and restores land for reuse with minimal maintenance. A combined approach enhances this process, beginning with the stabilization of waste through bioreactor landfill treatment, followed by bio-mining techniques. A conceptual framework for implementing bio-mining at the MSW dumpsite has been developed. Additionally, a comprehensive plan for the future management of open dumpsites has been formulated, focusing on long-term sustainability and environmental protection
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Ślusarczyk, Janusz. "Environmental protection in NATO policy." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 208, no. 2 (2023): 091–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7268.
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Environmental protection issues emerged in NATOs political concepts in the last decades of the 20th century. Until the end of the 1980s, the Alliance was preoccupied with Cold War confrontation. In the 1990s, the geopolitical and geostrategic situation shifted. New countries joined the Alliance, and interest in environmental protection increased globally. The Pact member states began to realise the importance of environmental security. New concepts and trends emerged. Appreciating the importance of environmental protection, NATO quickly joined the mainstream of scientific research and practical projects. Their goal was, and is, to understand the causes of environmental degradation and its implications, especially in the context of safety, and to take appropriate remedial measures. NATO has been facing environmental security challenges for many years. This includes climate change, extreme weather conditions, sea level rise, risk of flooding, depletion of natural resources, land degradation, desertification and pollution. These are factors that can ultimately lead to humanitarian disasters, regional tension and violence. NATOs latest 2030 Strategic Concept highlights the security impact of climate change resulting from a lack of proper environmental protection as the Alliances primary focus.At a time of progressive environmental threat, accompanied by rapid climate change, the activities of the Alliance in the field of ensuring environmental security cannot be overestimated.
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Aliff, Meagan N., Euan D. Reavie, Sara P. Post, and Lawrence M. Zanko. "Anthropocene geochemistry of metals in sediment cores from the Laurentian Great Lakes." PeerJ 8 (May 6, 2020): e9034. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9034.
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Geochemical analyses applied to lake sedimentary records can reveal the history of pollution by metals and the effects of remedial efforts. Lakes provide ideal environments for geochemical studies because they have steady deposition of fine grained material suitable for fixation of pollutants. The Laurentian Great Lakes are the most studied system in this field, and they have well-preserved chronological profiles. To date, this important system has been considered in parts for inorganic geochemistry, hampering basin-wide conclusions regarding metal contamination. We filled spatial and temporal gaps in a comprehensive geochemical analysis of 11 sediment cores collected from all five Great Lakes. Hierarchical cluster analysis of all Great Lakes samples divided the metal analytes into five functional groups: (1) carbonate elements; (2) metals and oxides with diverse natural sources, including a subgroup of analytes known to be anthropogenically enriched (Cd, Pb, Sn, Zn, and Sb); (3) common crustal elements; (4) metals related to coal and nuclear power generation; and (5) all of the co-occurring rare earth elements. Two contamination indices (Igeo and EF) applied to sedimentary metals indicated that Na, Co, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ta, and Cu were each, at some point during the Anthropocene, the most enriched metal pollutants in Great Lakes sediments. Land uses correlated with the metal analytes, such as increases in contaminant metals with the rise in catchment population and increases in carbonate elements (e.g. Ca) with agriculture. Certain contamination trends were observed basin-wide, such as for the atmospheric pollutant Pb, which followed a rise associated with fossil fuel combustion and a decline following the ban of leaded gasoline. Other trends were lake-specific, such as recent high concentrations of Na in Lake Superior, likely due to road salt applications, and a late-20th-century peak in Ca associated with algal whiting events in Lake Ontario. Some metals exceeded guidelines for sediment quality, in some cases prior to European settlement of the basin, indicating that a paleolimnological context is important for appropriate management of sediment contamination. The Great Lakes are sensitive to environmental changes such as pollution by metals, and it is clear that while there has been remedial success, results from the uppermost intervals of cores indicate ongoing problems.
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G. Creese, Robert, and Russell G. Cole. "Marine conservation in New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 1 (1995): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc950055.
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Marine conservation in New Zealand lags behind the achievements on land. This is largely because conservation issues in the sea have not been as readily apparent until more recent times. Although the marine environment has not suffered from the same scale of degradation as the terrestrial one, there are many present and potential threats that need to be addressed. Impacts from fishing, aquaculture, species introductions, coastal developments and pollution are briefly reviewed. With one notable exception, remedial measures for these impacts are not well developed. The exception is the establishment of marine reserves in which all marine biota is totally protected. Since the mid 1970s, New Zealand has set up 10 of these marine reserves, eight of them in the past five years. Preliminary research has demonstrated that dramatic changes in the densities, population size structures and behaviours of some large fish and invertebrates can occur, presumably as a result of this protection. This has prompted a realization that marine conservation measures are achievable and desirable. Further initiatives in marine reserves, and in other forms of conservation such as active habitat restoration and species enhancement, can be expected in the years ahead. More basic research needs to be done, however, with the fishing industry in particular devoting more money and effort to evaluating the environmental effects of its fishing activities.
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Nascimento, Clístenes Williams Araújo do, Caroline Miranda Biondi, Fernando Bruno Vieira da Silva, and Luiz Henrique Vieira Lima. "Using plants to remediate or manage metal-polluted soils: an overview on the current state of phytotechnologies." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 43 (July 5, 2021): e58283. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.58283.
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Soil contamination by metals threatens both the environment and human health and hence requires remedial actions. The conventional approach of removing polluted soils and replacing them with clean soils (excavation) is very costly for low-value sites and not feasible on a large scale. In this scenario, phytoremediation emerged as a promising cost-effective and environmentally-friendly technology to render metals less bioavailable (phytostabilization) or clean up metal-polluted soils (phytoextraction). Phytostabilization has demonstrable successes in mining sites and brownfields. On the other hand, phytoextraction still has few examples of successful applications. Either by using hyperaccumulating plants or high biomass plants induced to accumulate metals through chelator addition to the soil, major phytoextraction bottlenecks remain, mainly the extended time frame to remediation and lack of revenue from the land during the process. Due to these drawbacks, phytomanagement has been proposed to provide economic, environmental, and social benefits until the contaminated site returns to productive usage. Here, we review the evolution, promises, and limitations of these phytotechnologies. Despite the lack of commercial phytoextraction operations, there have been significant advances in understanding phytotechnologies' main constraints. Further investigation on new plant species, especially in the tropics, and soil amendments can potentially provide the basis to transform phytoextraction into an operational metal clean-up technology in the future. However, at the current state of the art, phytotechnology is moving the focus from remediation technologies to pollution attenuation and palliative cares.
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Diana, Diana, and Aan Aswari. "Legal Arrangements and Remedies for Abandoned Land: A Normative Study." Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review 2, no. 2 (2024): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52970/grlspr.v2i2.293.
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This study aims to find out the legal arrangements regarding abandoned land regarding land ownership rights and find out the legal remedies that can be taken by holders of ownership rights over abandoned land. This study uses the Normative legal research method, namely approaching legal norms or substance, legal principles, legal theory, legal arguments and comparative law. The results of this study indicate that overcoming the abandoned land phenomenon is a big task for the government. Based on this reason, Government Regulation No. 20 of 2021 concerning Controlling Abandoned Areas and Lands and participating in implementing Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Basic Regulations. The erasure of land rights due to neglect. Through the inventory stage which is carried out no later than 2 (two) years from the issuance of land rights, management rights, or basis of land tenure. The results of this implementation are then processed into land data indicated as abandoned, divided into 3 stages, Abandoned Land Evaluation, Abandoned Land Warning and Abandoned Land Determination. Legal remedies taken by landowners who have been neglected through ordinary legal remedies and extraordinary legal remedies. Besides that, through non-litigation channels, namely, arbitration, negotiation, mediation, conciliation, expert reasoning. The author's recommendation is the need to carry out supervision and counseling regarding procedures regarding the importance of ownership of land rights. To the public, in this case the owner of land rights should have consideration in choosing legal remedies that are not always only through litigation or court. However, many things must be considered, such as the relatively long time, unmeasured costs, court decisions often cannot be executed immediately, and often court decisions are colored by the interference of other parties. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the settlement through non-litigation channels which is actually faster and cheaper than through litigation which has many obstacles.
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Ayobami, Aigberua Omozemoje, and Okumoko Pearce Dokumo. "Distribution Spread and Environmental Risk Status of Pb, Cd And Cr in Soils of an Open-Air Waste Dumpsite along Tombia/Amassoma Road in Yenagoa Metropolis." Journal of Plant and Animal Ecology 1, no. 3 (2020): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2637-6075.jpae-20-3322.
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In spite of the popularity of open-air waste dumping in Nigeria, it remains a relatively less effective waste management option across the globe because of its associated environmental impacts which includes the release of green house gases (GHGs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and metal micro-pollutants amongst others. This study aims to assess the potential environmental risks associated to metals released and vertically delineated across the soil profile within surroundings of dumpsite. Heavy metals in soil samples were acid-digested using the aqua-regia mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acid, followed by instrumentation analysis using the GBC 908 PBMT model atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Contaminated sites showed metal concentrations ranging from 1.493 to 109.460 mg/kg, 0.133 to 4.237 mg/kg, and 5.200 to 25.367 mg/kg for lead, cadmium and chromium respectively, with location 1 land area showing the most contamination. Only soil chromium was observed within regulatory stipulations in all cases. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) between the different sample locations, thereby indicating variations in composition of dumped wastes. Lead and cadmium showed the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.855, p < 0.01) and the application of some heavy metal pollution indicators revealed relatively higher metal loads and degree of contamination, as well as depicting potential ecological risk for soils of location 1. The significant heavy metal contamination of soils in the Tombia-Amassoma waste dumpsite requires that the local environmental sanitation and regulatory authorities take necessary remedial action to forestall the escalation of public health concerns that may emanate from this open-air dump.
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du Toit, Raoul F. "Soil Loss, Hydrological Changes, and Conservation Attitudes, in the Sabi Catchment of Zimbabwe." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 2 (1985): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015575.
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The Communal Lands—occupied by peasant farmers—of the upper catchment of the Sabi River (which drains the southeastern portion of Zimbabwe) are severely deforested, overgrazed, and eroded. Siltation of the river channel has increased the risk of overbank flooding at a downstream irrigation scheme, and a rise in annual outflow from the catchment over the last three decades has additional implications for irrigation development, as well as for the availability of ground-water reserves in the areas of dryland peasant farming.In a study area within one of the Communal Lands, the average rate of soil loss from fields of gentle slope is estimated to be such that the next generation of peasant farmers will be unable to achieve crop-yields above a very low ‘subsistence’ level. The degraded environment is the inevitable consequence of the expansion of a primitive system of cultivation—in a region of low inherent potential for crop production—under the pressure of rapid population growth. While the peasants are aware of many of the consequences of their exploitative methods of land-use, and recognize the importance of basic conservation measures such as erosion-control terraces, they generally feel that remedial action is beyond their means.The effective implementation of available technical solutions to the deterioration of the land resources, will depend upon the provision of greater financial incentives for intensified production, as well as upon more positive political influences, than exist at present. The eventual stabilization of the situation is achievable only if population growth is reduced; but much might be done to improve production, and promote conservation, through field research into appropriate farming systems for peasant agriculture in the Sabi catchment and similar environments.
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Clark, R. B. "Assessing marine pollution and its remedies." South African Journal of Marine Science 10, no. 1 (1991): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02577619109504643.
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Lyne, M. C., and W. L. Nieuwoudt. "Inefficient land use in KwaZulu: Causes and remedies." Development Southern Africa 8, no. 2 (1991): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359108439580.
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Angus, Siobhan, and Warren Cariou. "Tar Remedies." Environmental Humanities 16, no. 2 (2024): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-11150099.
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Abstract This two-part essay turns to the landscapes of bitumen mining in the Athabasca tar sands in western Canada. Despite the environmental costs of the tar sands mining process, the Canadian state remains invested in oil extraction in the tar sands. Starting from the premise that the extraction and burning of this bitumen was and is not inevitable, this dialogue locates hazardous hope in the landscapes of the Athabasca region. To do so, the first section is an analysis of Warren Cariou’s photographic practice, situating his work within themes of toxicity and hope. Written by an art historian, it argues that we can read the petrographs through a mode of critical spectatorship that generates questions about how extraction makes our world and how these processes are historically contingent choices based in what society has chosen to value. The second part is a short reflection by Warren Cariou on his practice and how he theorizes hope in the context of pollution.
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Nizwar, M., Ilyas Ismail, Eddy Purnama, and Azhari Yahya. "Legal Study of Alternative Models of Land Procurement for Public Interest Development Viewed from Human Rights Perspective." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 7 (2024): e05343. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n7-017.
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Purpose: This research addresses a prominent land-related challenge, specifically focusing on the issue of remedies during the land procurement process, which constitutes 7.65% of the overall concerns. Among the identified remedies (seven in total) applicable to land procurement for public interest development, a significant majority (87.5%) involves parties denying payment. This observation points to a noteworthy aspect: the government's neglect of human rights considerations within the land procurement process. Methods: The study uses normative juridical and empirical methods, employing prescriptive analysis to understand the legal aspects of depositing compensation for public land acquisition. It utilizes legislative analysis, case studies, and interviews to qualitatively analyze data, aiming for comprehensive insights. Results and Conclusion: The study advocates for a land procurement approach rooted in human rights principles. Such an approach encompasses the entire process, from initial planning to development, emphasizing the importance of respecting honor, dignity, and the fulfillment of rights to restore the lives of landowners. Alternative models are proposed, encouraging active involvement of relevant parties in the planning phase to comprehensively identify problems and collaboratively design future-focused solutions. Parties entitled to compensation are afforded the opportunity to contribute to determining the fair value of the land. In cases where mutual agreement cannot be reached, scheduled meetings provide a platform for entitled parties to present their grievances and obtain remedies essential for their sustenance. These remedies may include financial support for a specified duration. Consequently, parties entitled to compensation play a pivotal role in permitting the government to initiate development for the greater public interest, ensuring the fulfillment of their rights and well-being. This alternative model strives to establish a more equitable and participatory framework for land procurement, prioritizing and safeguarding the rights of all involved parties throughout the entire process. Research implications: This research has several important implications for study and practical implementation in the field of land procurement. These implications include the need for legal reforms, a human rights-based approach, stakeholder participation, alternative compensation models, capacity building, comparative studies, and monitoring and evaluation. By considering these implications, policymakers and practitioners can work towards more equitable, sustainable land acquisition practices that respect the rights of all parties involved. Originality/value: The originality and value of this research lie in its contribution to the understanding of land procurement processes and their implications for human rights and equitable development. The study offers fresh insights by identifying and analyzing the challenges and remedies encountered during land acquisition for public interest projects. The proposed alternative models and recommendations provide practical approaches to address these challenges, with a focus on stakeholder participation, fair compensation, and the integration of human rights principles. The research adds value to the existing literature by emphasizing the importance of considering human rights in land procurement and suggesting ways to improve the fairness and inclusivity of these processes. It serves as a basis for future studies and policy reforms aimed at promoting more just and sustainable land acquisition practices.
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Argelich Comelles, Cristina. "Smart Property and Smart Contracts Under Spanish Law in the European Context." European Review of Private Law 30, Issue 2 (2022): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2022011.
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This article analyses the civil and registry implementation of smart property in real estate in Spain from a European perspective. To this end, a general theory is developed for smart property in real estate and transactional smart contracts, paying particular attention to remedies and property acquisition. Based on the remedies suggested by Nick Szabo in his formulation of smart contracts and smart property, such as the smart lien and the property club, other remedies adapted to our Law will be proposed, due to the ineffectiveness of Szabo’s remedies in the Spanish context. In this regard, attention will be paid to the types of acquisition of real rights, the validity and effectiveness of transactional smart contracts, the remedies for breach of contract, and the modifications to registration that these remedies require. Smart real estate requires the tokenization of property and the linking of the digital asset with the real asset. For this purpose, the functions of tokens and the remote control of real estate, the tokenization of real tradition, and the implementation of property technology (PropTech), in particular, the Internet of Things, will be addressed. Finally, blockchainization of the registry will be examined from the perspective of the Land Registry Interconnection and the Interoperability Model for Land Registers (IMOLA) platform in the EU and Alastria Blockchain Ecosystem in Spain, as well as its legal adaptations regarding registry qualification and registry effects in terms of adverse possession.
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Aziziyah, Alvina Nur, and Mas Anienda Tien Fitriyah. "Tumpang Tindih Sertifikat Tanah." Legal Spirit 7, no. 2 (2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/ls.v7i2.4807.
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Overlapping land certificates (Overlapping) is a situation where there are land parcels that overlap with other land parcels and there are multiple certificates for the same land parcel. This study aims to determine the causes of overlapping land certificates (overlapping) both in terms of internal factors and external factors and legal remedies for settlement and future legal remedies to overcome overlapping land certificates (overlapping). This research uses empirical juridical methods or research in the field that examines the implementation or implementation of applicable legal provisions and facts that occur in society. Data collection was carried out by field studies. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis methods and using a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the causes of overlapping certificates (overlapping) are digitalization and also a lack of land maintenance by the community. The legal effort that can be taken to resolve the dispute is by canceling the certificate which of course has gone through several stages of the process and the future legal action is to routinely conduct outreach to certificate holders and the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs/BPN will immediately carry out electronic certificates in order to reduce overlapping land certificates (overlapping).
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Beattie, Bruce R. "Some Almost‐Ideal Remedies for Healing Land Grant Universities." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73, no. 5 (1991): 1307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242377.
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Glicksman, Robert L. "Federal Preemption and Private Legal Remedies for Pollution." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 134, no. 1 (1985): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3312093.
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Yang, Seung Chul. "Enhancing the Land Bank in Korea: Problem, Remedies and Implication for Korean Land Bank." Korean Association of Space and Environment Research, no. 60 (June 11, 2017): 78–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.19097/kaser.2017.27.2.78.
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Douglas, Ian. "Land Use Changes in Tropical Watersheds: Evidence, Causes and Remedies." Mountain Research and Development 27, no. 4 (2007): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/mrd.mm025.
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Foldvary, Fred E. "Market-hampering Land Speculation: Fiscal and Monetary Origins and Remedies." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 57, no. 4 (1998): 615–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1998.tb03382.x.
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Dr., Sunil Kumar Verma. "India's Environmental Problem and Remedies." Journal of Research & Development' 14, no. 11 (2022): 77–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7052600.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>The Indian environment has undergone a significant degradation in the last 50 years due to the rapid degradation of natural resources and the huge increase in pollution levels. Depletion of forests, population growth, vehicular emissions, use of hazardous chemicals, and various other undesirable human activities are mainly responsible for this deteriorating landscape of environmental health in India. In fact, it is causing considerable economic damage to the country and requires the utmost serious attention of the policymakers, administrators, scientists and people to save the environment and humanity and provide generational equality.
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Florian, Radu Gheorghe. "REMEDIES FOR THE ENTRY IN THE LAND REGISTER OF THE DEED CONCLUDED BY VITIATION OF CONSENT." AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (2023): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v17i2.6474.
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The purpose of this study is to present a practical approach to effective instruments for combating defects of consent in legal acts affecting land rights, such as an action to establish rank, an action for a land benefit or an action to rectify a land register. Given that formalism in the land register system is imposed both by the requirement that the legal act constituting the rights in land must be in authentic form and by the primacy given to the functioning of the land registration system within clearly defined parameters, a check on the effects of defects of consent designed into the land register system is particularly necessary.
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Munyua, Joseph Mwangi. "Land Pollution in Kenya." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v3i2.29.
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Article 69 (d) of Kenya’s Constitution (2010) encourages public participation in the management, protection, and conservation of the environment. In the context of eco-theology, this article seeks to explore the efficacy of the Christian doctrine of creation in to curbing the evidential land pollution in Kenya. Basically, air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution are the three major kinds of environmental pollution in the world. The term land pollution means the degradation (destruction) of the earth’s surface and soil via human activities. Land pollution is a major problem in Kenya that is caused by various factors such as deforestation and soil erosion, agriculture, industry, mining, landfills, illegal dumping of waste, and construction activities. Some of its devastating effects in Kenya include: water pollution, soil pollution, air pollution, human health problems, decline of tourism, and so forth. Thus, land pollution poses a serious threat to all Kenyans, a phenomenon that serves to justify the necessity of this article. As a doctrinal response, this article endeavours to unveil the Christian doctrine of creation and how it can be utilised to curb the ongoing land pollution in Kenya. In its methodology, this article reviews the appropriate and relevant literature on pollution and eco-theological approach, the exegetical method, the legal-constitutional basis of addressing the subject, and the use of archival resources.
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Gavrylenko, O., and E. Tsyhanok. "Conflicts of large cities protected areas: causes and consequences." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 65 (2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2016.65.4.
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The main geoecological problems of protected areas within large cities and the reasons for their occurrence were researched on the example of the regional landscape park (RLP) “Lysa Gora” in Kiev. The absence of proper information about the importance and value of protected area in combination with the lack of funds for protection service raise a number of problems associated with non-compliance with environmental treatment area. In particular, visiting a park on private vehicle leads to destruction of rare plant species, animals deterrence, trampling natural vegetation. As a result of mass recreation of Kyiv residents during the holidays, solid waste pollution has a devastating effect on natural ecosystems. Burning fires leads to the death of Red Book and rare plant species, destruction of mountain steppe areas and all seed fund. In the tract area and around it formed the powerful centers of reproduction of invasive plants. Progressive erosion, landslides activate, degrade valuable meadow and deciduous plant communities. Illegal deforestation is happening in some Kyiv areas; the snow collected from city streets is stored in the protective zone of the river Lybid. Together with the snow a huge amount of debris, dirt and salt get into water and change the geochemical regime of surrounding area. Analysis of the above-mentioned and other negative influences and their implications for protected area allows to make a conclusion about the need for elimination or mitigation of the existing natural-using conflicts, particularly by establishing of park recreational capacity to prevent the destruction of especially valuable parcels natural components; functional zoning RLP area considering environmental, recreational, scientific, health, recreational, historical, cultural and other values; documentary consolidation of land plots with their strict subordination; establish effective penalties for areas special regime violations and excessive recreation load. In the future, the successful solution of the existing problems should conduct thorough research on functional zoning for the purpose of reserved kernel allocation, to implement measures for the resettlement of rare flora species and reintroduction of lost species, restoration of vegetation and more. Mapped scheme of main nature using conflicts within RLP is developed. A set of preventive and remedial measures to minimize existing conflicts and optimization of nature protection institutions in urban environment is proposed.
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Mitchell, Charles, and Luke Rostill. "MAKING SENSE OF MESNE PROFITS: REMEDIES." Cambridge Law Journal 80, no. 3 (2021): 552–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197321000775.
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AbstractThis is the second of two articles about cases in which awards of “mesne profits” have been made against defendants who have occupied claimants’ land. The first article argues that the facts of cases where such awards have been made variously support claims in tort, contract or unjust enrichment and that practical consequences can flow from categorising the cases in one way or another. One is that different rules affect the assessment of remedies awarded to claimants depending on the claim that was made and the remedy that was awarded. The present article develops this point by examining the assessment principles governing “mesne profits” awards, according to whether these are classified as compensatory damages in tort, restitutionary damages in tort, orders that a defendant perform a contractual duty to pay a debt, compensatory damages for breach of contract, or orders that a defendant make restitution of an unjust enrichment.
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Harstad, Peter T. "Remedies and Rituals: Folk Medicine in Norway and the New Land." Annals of Iowa 68, no. 1 (2009): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.1301.
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