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Fincannon, Thomas. "Visuo-spatial abilities in remote perception: A meta-analysis of empirical work." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5632.
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Meta-analysis was used to investigate the relationship between visuo-spatial ability and performance in remote environments. In order to be included, each study needed to examine the relationship between the use of an ego-centric perspective and various dimensions of performance (i.e., identification, localization, navigation, and mission completion time). The moderator analysis investigated relationships involving: (a) visuo-spatial construct with an emphasis on Carroll's (1993) visualization (VZ) factor; (b) performance outcome (i.e., identification, localization, navigation, and mission completion time); (c) autonomy to support mission performance; (d) task type (i.e., navigation vs. reconnaissance); and (e) experimental testbed (i.e., physical vs. virtual environments). The process of searching and screening for published and unpublished analyses identified 81 works of interest that were found to represent 50 unique datasets. 518 effects were extracted from these datasets for analyses. Analyses of aggregated effects (Hunter & Schmidt, 2004) found that visuo-spatial abilities were significantly associated with each construct, such that effect sizes ranged from weak (r = .235) to moderately strong (r = .371). For meta-regression (Borenstein, Hedges, Figgins, & Rothstein, 2009; Kalaian & Raudenbush, 1996; Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007), moderation by visuo-spatial construct (i.e., focusing on visualization) was consistently supported for all outcomes. For at least one of the outcomes, support was found for moderation by test, the reliability coefficient of a test, autonomy (i.e. to support identification, localization, and navigation), testbed (i.e., physical vs. virtual environment), intended domain of application, and gender. These findings illustrate that majority of what researchers refer to as “spatial ability” actually uses measures that load onto Carroll's (1993) visualization (VZ) factor. The associations between this predictor and all performance outcomes were significant, but the significant variation across moderators highlight important issues for the design of unmanned systems and the external validity of findings across domains. For example, higher levels of autonomy for supporting navigation decreased the association between visualization (VZ) and performance. In contrast, higher levels of autonomy for supporting identification and localization increased the association between visualization (VZ) and performance. Furthermore, moderation by testbed, intended domain of application, and gender challenged the degree to which findings can be expected to generalize across domains and sets of participants.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Psychology<br>Sciences<br>Psychology; Human Factors Psychology
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Wimberly, Brent. "Identification of spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and associated ecohydrological trends in the tampa bay coastal region." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/642.
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Improvements for environmental monitoring and assessment were achieved to advance our understanding of sea-land interactions and nutrient cycling in a coastal bay.; The comprehensive assessment techniques for monitoring of water quality of a coastal bay can be diversified via an extensive investigation of the spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and the associated eco-hydrological trends in a coastal urban region. With this work, it is intended to thoroughly investigate the spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and associated eco-hydrological trends via a two part inquiry of the watershed and its adjacent coastal bay. The findings show that the onset of drought lags the crest of the evapotranspiration and precipitation curve during each year of drought. During the transition year, ET and precipitation appears to start to shift back into the analogous temporal pattern as the 2005 wet year. NDVI shows a flat receding tail for the September crest in 2005 due to the hurricane impact signifying that the hurricane event in October dampening the severity of the winter dry season in which alludes to relative system memory. The k-means model with 8 clusters is the optimal choice, in which cluster 2 at Lower Tampa Bay had the minimum values of total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations, and ocean color values in every season as well as the minimum concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in three consecutive seasons in 2008. Cluster 5, located in Middle Tampa Bay, displayed elevated TN concentrations, ocean color values, and Chl-a concentrations, suggesting that high colored dissolved organic matter values are linked with some nutrient sources. The data presented by the gravity modeling analysis indicate that the Alafia River Basin is the major contributor of nutrients in terms of both TP and TN values in all seasons. Such ecohydrological evaluation can be applied for supporting the LULC management of climatic vulnerable regions as well as further enrich the comprehensive assessment techniques for estimating and examining the multi-temporal impacts and dynamic influence of urban land use and land cover.<br>B.S.C.E.<br>Bachelors<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Civil Engineering
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Shaw, David. "An investigation into remote transactions." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/441.
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Remote transactions globally transfer trillions of dollars annually. Many of these information exchanges are mediated, implicitly or explicitly, by a complex web of agencies that add to costs and introduce additional opportunities for error or misconduct. Further, additional records are created as part of the audit and transaction process. These transaction records may be used to enhance performance and generate new transactions, and are consequently of value. Further, these records provide some protection against error or misconduct by allocating responsibility for each transaction component. The conventional approach to remote transaction security is to add complexity and layers of arbitration to minimise losses at the cost of ease of use and flexibility. This research examined transaction characteristics and explored means of reducing the additional costs while providing transactions with security, flexibility and scalability. The critical issue is the control of transaction information which is principally used for dispute resolution and audit. However, it may also be used for unethical and even illegal purposes. Conventional techniques for information security such as encryption, hashing and signatures are reviewed and, additionally, reduction in participant numbers coupled with broadening of the hardware basis has been explored and recommendations are made for securing particular electronic remote transactions. User-management of transaction components and information is discussed, along with user-based mediation of identity, however, some form of arbitration or adjudication relying on transaction records need be assumed. The principal threat to transaction records is not the anonymous hacker, but the obsolescence imposed by ongoing changes in hardware, software and organisational procedures. Conservation of paper documents is an established discipline however, conservation of electronic records and hardware require additional considerations. The credit card transaction is used as a basis for the development of a prototype to increase the security of transactions under user control but the processes and methods are applicable to a much wider variety of transactions and can be implemented in a secure, flexible format. A user controlled prototype scheme with electronic signature usage is defined and common attack avenues are examined. The prototype software was developed and tested on Nokia mobile phones and the transactions performed provided flexibility and scalability with strong security. User choices in security levels are implemented and each unique transaction is uniquely processed making the transactions resistant to a variety of attacks. It is considered that while “User mediation” is feasible and may become common in some transactions it is unlikely to replace arbitration in high value transactions. While self-enforcing transactions are feasible in arbitrated and adjudicated regimes with some form of pre-arranged context, the existence of selfenforcing transactions without pre-existing context is not yet decided. In summary, these methods may change the way many current transaction regimes and applications do business and in doing so, will alter the balance of power in transactions by putting control onto the user with concomitant transfer of costs.
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Acosta, R. Juan C. "Modeling of explorative procedures for remote object identification." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28368.
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Huang, Zheng. "Integrated railway remote condition monitoring." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7904/.
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The profound value of wayside monitoring in helping safeguard the RAMS of railway operations is undeniable. However, despite significant investments by the rail industry, the efficiency and reliability of wayside monitoring have not reached the desired level. Structural deterioration of the rail infrastructure and rolling stock faults still remain a significant problem which needs to be addressed as traffic density, train speeds and axle loads increase in rail networks around the world. The main objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate an advanced wayside monitoring system based on acoustic emission and vibration analysis that can detect various types of axle bearing defects in rolling stock and structural deterioration in cast manganese crossings. The potential architecture for different levels of system correlation has been proposed which can be further integrated with customised monitoring system. A novel signal processing technique based on spectral coherence has been developed. This particular method is based on the identification of suitable templates containing features of interest. It also features in identifying the severity of the defect. In addition, a suitable approach for data fusion from various sensors has been investigated. Successful tests have been carried out under simulated conditions and in the UK network.
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Jamee, Mohammad. "Demand response in remote communities." Thesis, Jamee, Mohammad (2018) Demand response in remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41907/.
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Optimal Microgrid operation is considered as an important challenge to be achieved. Decreasing the active power Loss, maintaining bus voltages violation within the standard, operation cost and two-way communication between customer and energy utilities problems are fulfilled which reflected the aim of the operation through this challenge. Therefore, Demand Response programs attracted a lot of attention through operating of Microgrid and showed a sustained and rapid growth in recent years, as power supplies face the difficulties to meet the demands during the operation. Especially during the peak hours when the demand is higher than supply or vice versa.
This project explored the rural communities’ electricity network and the challenges, opportunities, and problems associated with Microgrids. The concept of DR, identification of current techniques and programs in a field of DR were highlighted.
The aim of this thesis is to use the sensitivity analysis method to determine the optimal location for Shunt Capacitor placement, identify the priority of the buses in the network and using Direct Load Control (DLC) method for DR implementation.
In order to achieve the objectives of this paper, the communications between MATLAB and DigSILENT were explored, and a DPL script has been developed for simulation to validate the DR method.
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Abbas, Mohammad. "Remote sensing of road surface conditions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7379/.
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The remote real time identification of road surfaces is an increasingly important task in the automotive world. The development of automotive active safety system requires a remote sensing technology that alerts drivers to potential hazards such as slippery surfaces caused by water, mud, ice, snow etc. This will improve the safety of driving and reduce the road accidents all over the world. This thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of the feasibility of an affordable short-range ultrasonic and radar system for road surface recognition ahead of a vehicle. It introduces a developed novel system which can recognize the surfaces for all terrains (both on-road and off-road) based on the analysis of backscattered signals. Fundamental theoretical analysis, extensive modelling and practical experiments demonstrated that the use of pattern recognition techniques allows for reliable discrimination of the surfaces of interest. The overall classification system is described, including features extraction and their number reduction, as well as optimization of the algorithms. The performance of 4 classification algorithms was assessed and evaluated to confirm the effectiveness of the system. Several aspects like the complexity of the classification algorithms and the priori knowledge of the environment were investigated to explore the potential of this research and the possibility of introducing the surface classification system into the automotive market in the nearest future.
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Cottrell, Martin. "Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Cottrell, Martin (2007) Electrical diversity in remote indigenous communities. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40884/.
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The Bushlight program can be considered an excellent example of a program that provides stand-alone genset/photovoltaic (PV) systems to Remote Indigenous communities. A reduction in system costs, by the application of Diversity Factors, would further Bushlight's ability to provide these energy supply solutions.
Diversity is the concept that the Electricity Use for a group of similar Households will be less than the sum of the Electricity Use for each individual Household. Diversity Factors are the ratio of this diversity. Diversity Factors for commercial application have been developed through experience with urban Electricity Use. However, they are not applicable to Bushlight because of the smaller scale of the Bushlight installations and the differences in user behaviour.
Some preliminary Diversity Factors applicable to Remote Indigenous communities, as well as trends in these Diversity Factors, were calculated through comparison of Electricity Use between sites. A process that outlined the steps required to calculate Diversity Factors from monitored data was also determined. The comparison was undertaken in a manner that incorporated external influences such as temperature and Household size. The Monitored Data used for the comparisons had a number of issues, which were believed to be common to Remote monitoring. An assessment of the limitations associated with these issues was also undertaken.
A list of options for further work has been prepared. This list should be assessed by Bushlight staff to determine the most appropriate method of refining the calculated Diversity Factors.
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Krzys, Bethaney L. "Remote identification of wetlands in Mahoning and Trumbull County, Ohio." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1227650462.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 22, 2009). Advisor: Mandy Munro-Stasiuk. Keywords: remote sensing, wetland, wetland identification, GIS. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-161).
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Appler, Jason A., Michael A. McMellon, and Sean M. Finney. "Aerial remote radio frequency identification system for small vessel monitoring." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10384.
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MBA Professional Report<br>Approved for public release, distribution unlimited<br>MBA Professional Report<br>This MBA Professional Report proves the feasibility of using aircraft mounted RFID antennas to detect commercially available Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags affixed to small vessels. The project was conducted because monitoring small vessels in U.S. coastal and inland waters is considered a gap in homeland security, as well as problematic for marine resource managers tasked with enforcing sanctuary and fishing regulations. The premises of the project are that 1) RFID tags are less invasive and more cost effective than other current methods of proposed monitoring, 2) airborne platforms can monitor areas of interest faster and more efficiently than surface based monitoring systems, and 3) small vessel registration numbers can be electronically associated with the serial number of the affixed RFID tag. The cost of tagging each vessel is low (around $50 per vessel), and the tag number of any vessel could be read remotely from 0.3 to 0.5 nautical miles away. The agency reading the tag would be able to retrieve the associated vessel registration information from a national database through a back-end data-link system. This system could improve coastal and port security by providing remote monitoring of real-time vessel location information, and could enable improvements in resource management methods by enabling correlation of location and identification data for recreational vessels engaged in natural resource use.
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Venetis, Mary Jo. "Identification of Remote Leadership Patterns in Academic and Public Libraries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9017/.
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Seminal works on leadership, including those in librarianship define a traditional model of interaction between leaders and followers without reference to the information technology-driven environment. In addition, remote leadership indicates a different model from the traditional model, one that is focused on the interaction of leaders and their staff through digital technology. Although leaders still use face-to-face interaction, due to varied work schedules or job responsibilities, they also recognize the need to lead employees remotely. Leadership studies in library literature have not addressed how library leaders use information technology to lead employees remotely, nor have these studies addressed remote leadership and remote employees, except for some articles on telecommuting. As a result, this research was conducted to address this gap, providing an exploratory foundation of emergent patterns of remote leadership with its associated leadership dimensions rooted in personality traits, behaviors, and skills. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from a small sample size of academic and public-library leaders in the United States who participated in a Web-based survey designed specifically for this study, limiting generalizations. Factor analysis was the principal methodology used to obtain findings. Its composite factor scores were also used in the t-test and chi-square analyses. This study identifies some emergent patterns of remote leadership in the library and information-science field, exploring whether library leaders use information technology to be effective remote leaders in a technology-driven environment, and whether existing leadership attributes could be identified as part of the remote-leadership model. Because this study's findings indicated that library leaders are not quite the traditional leader but are not fully integrated into remote leadership, it becomes apparent that they would function with a blend of both face-to-face and electronic interactions, due to the nature of library work. Additionally, this research revealed underlying issues and challenges faced by library leaders as they transition from a traditional-leadership model to a blended model of face-to-face and remote leadership. Future research could include increasing the sample size and response rate to conduct factor analysis properly, and conducting longitudinal studies.
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Venetis, Mary Jo O'Connor Brian C. "Identification of remote leadership patterns in academic and public libraries." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9017.
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Appler, Jason A. Finney Sean M. McMellon Michael A. "Aerial remote radio frequency identification system for small vessel monitoring." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FAppler%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009."<br>Advisor(s): Dew, Nicholas ; Hudgens, Bryan. "December 2009." "MBA Professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 26, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: RFID, Radio Frequency Identification, airborne, vessel monitoring. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-110). Also available in print.
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Robinson, Todd Allen. "IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN CALIFORNIA THROUGH REMOTE SENSING." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1668.
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Ground truthing actual crop types in an area can be expensive and time-consuming. The California Department of Water Resources attempts to ground truth land use in each county in California every five years. However, this is limited by budgetary constraints and often results in infrequent (more than every ten years) surveying of many counties. An accurate accounting of crops growing in a region is important for a variety of purposes including farm production estimates, groundwater and surface water modeling, evapotranspiration estimation, water planning, research applications, etc. Agricultural land use is continually changing due to development and environmental factors.
Currently, USDA NASS provides georeferenced land use maps of regions throughout the U.S. While these are beneficial, the accuracy is not very high for California due to the wide variety of crops grown throughout the state. California has an increasingly complex agricultural system which includes multi-crops changing on an annual and even semiannual basis, long growing seasons, and complex and flexible irrigation schedules.
Remotely sensed data from available satellites are used to more accurately classify crop types within the Madera and Merced Counties of California’s Central Valley. An initial classification approach utilizing a simplified decision tree for a data subset of the area considered is presented. In order to accommodate the larger dataset at hand, a computer based approach is applied using the Nearest Neighbor classification algorithm in the computer program eCognition. Iterative analyses were performed to consider a range of scenarios with varying spectral inputs. The results show the methods presented can be beneficial in discriminating 24 of the major crop types from multi-temporal spectral data.
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Purvis, Marc. "Remote data logger for photo-voltaic research." Thesis, Purvis, Marc (2013) Remote data logger for photo-voltaic research. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/21658/.
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The following report delineates the design and development evolution of a micro-controller based data logging module for testing photo-voltaic panels. A comprehensive background elucidates: photo-voltaic theory, critiques the accuracy of mathematical models, explains a solar cell’s current-voltage characteristic curve, and discusses the various technologies that have been used in the design. The procedure and results for component tests are discussed as well as the major problems encountered during the prototyping phase. An Arduino Due micro-controller contains the control algorithm, which drives the requisite hardware components to generate, and record data for a current/voltage (IV) curve. A file management system controls the creation and naming of comma separated value (CSV) files that contain the I-V curve data, which is stored on an SD card. These files contain a millisecond marker indicating the operating time from the last micro-controller reset, current and voltage measurements, temperature readings, and a timestamp. A Wireless data transfer mechanism has been incorporated into the system, and a LabVIEW VI was developed to facilitate real time data monitoring as well as creating a secondary storage medium. The module produces measurements within a range of ±1 to ±3% compared to a commercial solar analyser while being a fraction of the cost.
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Cunta, Aharon. "Novel quadcopter flight controller and telemetry remote." Thesis, Cunta, Aharon (2015) Novel quadcopter flight controller and telemetry remote. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29840/.
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This project designed, constructed and implemented a novel quadcopter flight controller and remote.
With the quadcopters’ popularity ever increasing, more people are making use of the advantages this machine can offer. From surf photographers to hobbyists, the quadcopter needs to be easy to setup, tune and relay information back to the operator to ensure safe flight. A functionality not found on today’s market.
Components were chosen, tested and implemented to create a functioning quadcopter flight controller and remote system.
Although the implementation is regarded as being successful, there are still some design changes that could improve the functionality of the system. Noise from altitude readings hampered the altitude hold functionality and as well as no method implemented to counter for the change in barometric pressure throughout the day. But with efficient code making use of hardware the hardware, there is still sufficient computational time left to implement signal filtering simply not available at the lower market end of commercial flight controllers. An additional $10 barometer could also solve the altitude creep as ground barometric pressure changes.
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Gerstheimer, Oliver, Philipp Schütz, Philipp Englisch, and Erhard Wimmer. "Remote Innovation - Co-Creation During Times of Pandemic." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75932.
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Die COVID-19-Pandemie forderte 2020 die Wirtschaftswelt heraus und provozierte in vielen Unternehmen die Dezentralisierung und Digitalisierung der Denkarbeit. Co-Creation-Workshops mussten wirkungsvoll und schnell in Online-Formate übertragen werden. Für die Produktentwicklung und -innovation der Sartorius AG bedeutete dies die Entwicklung einer digitalen Plattform: Bestehende Inhalte und Prozesse wurden überarbeitet, verbessert, erweitert und in einer digitalen Infrastruktur zusammengeführt. Ausgehend von der Plattform erhalten Mitarbeiter:innen Zugang zu einem Methodenpool, Workshop-Vorlagen und Schulungsmaterialien. So können Teams weltweit produktiv zusammenarbeiten. Die digitale Plattform ist ganzheitlich und nachhaltig konzipiert und wird durch ein analoges Method Playbook und agile Schulungen, sowie eine Webcast-Serie ergänzt, in der weiterführende Informationen on-demand abgerufen werden können. Mit der Plattform wird die unternehmensweite Innovationskultur in Zeiten der Pandemie nicht nur erhalten, sondern sogar proaktiv ausgebaut und zusätzlich werden Zeit und Ressourcen gespart.
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Jardine, Orr Andrea. "Remote indigenous housing system: a systems social assessment." Thesis, Jardine Orr, Andrea (2005) Remote indigenous housing system: a systems social assessment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/112/.
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Indigenous Australians make up a mere 2.4% of the population of whom around a quarter live in remote and very remote parts of Australia. The poor state of Indigenous housing in remote areas is generally acknowledged as one of Australia's most intractable housing problems. The thesis examines why the remote Indigenous housing system does not meet the housing needs of Indigenous people in remote areas and discusses an alternative system.
The aim of the thesis is to understand why the remote Indigenous housing system is not meeting people's needs, despite policy statements that emphasise empowerment and partnerships. This understanding of the current remote Indigenous housing system involved placing it in historical, policy and international contexts and examining the current attempts to rationalise and streamline the system.
The service-delivery concepts of supply-driven (externally prescribed) and demand-responsive (community determined) are applied to remote Indigenous housing. The characteristics of successful remote Indigenous housing, namely Indigenous control and self-determination, an enabling environment and a culturally responsive system, are developed and found to be characteristic of a demand-responsive system. The research hypothesises that the remote Indigenous housing system's supply-driven focus is largely responsible for the housing needs of Indigenous people in remote areas not being met.
This was tested using the new methodology of a Systems Social Assessment which is developed by combining Social Assessment and Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology.
This methodology illustrated that the current remote Indigenous housing system has a supply-driven focus where the housing 'solutions' are controlled and largely provided from an external source, in this case the Commonwealth and State governments and their agents. The thesis discusses an alternative demand-responsive focus where remote communities have more control over the nature and delivery of their housing that may prove more successful.
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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (1989) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination for remote communities. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1989. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40085/.
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Many Aboriginal Outstations in Western Australia have bores which produce drinking water of such a low standard that the health of the community members is at risk. Major concerns are the high concentrations of sale, nitrates and fluoride and bacteriological contamination. Communities faced with this problem have four choices. They can sink another bore nearby in the hope of finding better water, which would be expensive and not necessarily successful. They can physically move to another location which would be socially and culturally disruptive. They can accept the risk and drink the water untreated. Recent innovations in reserve osmosis desalination now make it possible to treat the water on site using solar power.
The appropriateness of this new technology for remote locations is analysed. A means of predicting the power requirements of a unit capable of supplying the drinking water needs of a small community, estimated at up to 1 m3 per day is derived. A small commercially available unit was tested and it was found that in summer it could produce a steady flow of over 5 L/hour for 10 hours per day when used with a solar tracker and a power optimiser. Two designs were developed which could supply the desired 1 m3 flow rate from the power of two 55 W solar panels. A prototype of one design has been constructed and early testing demonstrate that is is capable of producing up to 400 L/day even at low pump efficiencies. Minor improvements are likely to substantially improve production in the near future.
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Wachjoe, C. Kurniawan. "Remote area electricity supply: A system dynamics approach." Thesis, Wachjoe, C. Kurniawan (1995) Remote area electricity supply: A system dynamics approach. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52363/.
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The implementation of a stand-alone diesel power plant in remote areas creates high operating costs due to the high fuel cost (which includes high transportation costs) and the difficulty of providing adequate maintenance. The availability of renewable resources in these remote areas makes it worthwhile considering renewable energy sources, such as the wind generators and photovoltaic arrays, as expansion alternatives in attempting to reduce overall operational costs.
This study seeks to develop a framework which allows the electricity-economy interactions to be explored. The framework consists of a system dynamics approach for remote area electricity supply. A system dynamic model is developed for the analysis. The model is used to assess and study the future development of electricity supply by utilising the availability of local energy sources. The form of dynamic relationships among constructed mechanisms represents the interaction between electricity supply and demand. The electricity supply model focuses primarily on expanding generation capacity by choosing the best mix of new electrical generating capacity, given the anticipated electricity demand growth and the financial constraints of the utility. The electricity demand model is based on the dynamics of population and economic activity (the agricultural and industrial sectors). Population, added values, consumption, income, investment, and other major energy and economic aggregates are determined endogenously (within the model).
The assessment of future electricity supply systems for remote areas is undertaken by constructing the appropriate scenarios in the model and then discovering a set of policy designs that produce the desired result. As case studies, the model is then used to assess the long-term electricity supply options for the economy of the Shire of Esperance, Western Australia and Teratak Village, Lombok, Indonesia. The analysis emphasises and explores the structural mechanisms for electricity supply and the macro-economic effects of the electricity demand. Special consideration is given to the potential for depletion of oil resources and the development of renewable energy.
For the case study in the Shire of Esperance, it is found that the model can replicate the general historical trends of the local economy, the population sector, and the historical electricity demand and generation for the period 1980 to 1990. The future behaviour of the electricity demand tends to fluctuate with the amount of GDP per capita and the electricity price. The future electricity demand behaviour is very sensitive to the electricity price, while only slightly affected by GDP per capita. Meanwhile, the long-run electricity supply behaviour in the Shire of Esperance based on the diesel power plant and the wind farm energy system is still dominated by the diesel power plant in the 50 year simulation period. The important policy designs which can avoid future financial problems for the utility relate to pricing policy for diesel fuel and the financial policy of the supply systems.
In the case study of Teratak Village, the simulation results indicate that electricity demand growth is affected by both the economy of the local communities and the electricity price in the 50 year simulation period. The electricity price remains unchanged for any policy design because the front end investment of the photovoltaic power plant mainly influences the electricity production costs. The behaviour of the electricity supply systems, which are based on combinations of photovoltaic and micro hydro power plant, can satisfy the projected electricity demand until the year 2014. The implementation of policies on energy mix, load management and rate relief can avoid any electricity shortage and improve the electricity supply behaviour in Teratak Village.
Further evaluations from the two case studies indicate that implementing deregulation on electricity price (which allows the electricity price to equal the allowed electricity price) will help the utility's ability to invest in new generating capacity and solve the financial problems of the utility. These policies need to be considered in order to reduce the electricity production costs for decentralised power plants in remote areas. On the other hand, the inclusion of environmental externalities for each power plant will increase the competitiveness of the power plant based on renewable energy sources by providing lower electricity production costs in the long-term in comparison with the fossil fuel fired power plants.
The system dynamic model developed provides a very useful tool for assessing the sustainability of the future electricity supply in remote areas. Based on the two case studies, it was possible to implement this model for two very different situations in order to assess the impact of policy designs for improving the future behaviour of the remote area electricity supply. The model could be used to identify potential future problems in the existing supply systems. It was then used to assess the feasibility of alternative solutions that could be taken to satisfy the projected electricity demand based on the technological and financial options of the power plants and the availability of local renewable energy sources. With regard to local energy used for generating electricity, the model could suggest the best energy mix decisions for the electricity supply system in supporting the long-term electricity demand behaviour and qualitatively assess a set of policy designs proposed to improve the sustainability of this supply system.
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Shoeb, Md Asaduzzaman. "Optimal operation and control of remote area microgrids." Thesis, Shoeb, Md Asaduzzaman ORCID: 0000-0002-6653-107X (2019) Optimal operation and control of remote area microgrids. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/54118/.
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Microgrid (MG) is a promising approach to proliferate distributed energy resources for electrification in remote areas. Remote area MGs usually operate as standalone systems and are supplied by a combination of conventional fossil fuel-based generators, renewable energy resources and energy storage systems. Irrespective of all considerations at the planning and design stage, such MGs are always prone to the uncertainties of their demand variation and the generation of their non-dispatchable renewable sources. Such events can cause voltage or frequency violation in the MG. This thesis has focused on developing proper operational and control techniques for such MGs. First, an effective management technique has been proposed and developed that can retain the voltage and frequency of the MGs within a predefined desired region, at least cost, using a multilayer scheme. If a violation is detected, the proposed technique will aim to define the most optimal generation level of dispatchable sources, MG’s best network configuration and engagement level of the supportive actions such as exchanging power with neighbouring MGs, utilising energy storages, demand response and renewable energy curtailment (if and when available). The technical, reliability and environmental aspects of the MG are considered within the proposed technique along with the operational cost. The determined optimal control variables will then be sent to the local controllers to apply proper arrangements in the system to retain the voltage or frequency within the desired range. On the other hand, some techniques are available in the literature that can predict the uncertainties of demand and renewable energy sources a few minutes ahead. Using such techniques, the voltage or frequency violation can also be predicted in short-horizon and prevented with the introduction of a suitable preventive controller. Hence, this thesis has then proposed and developed a look-ahead controller that uses the short-horizon prediction data of demand and renewable generation to determine any prospective voltage or frequency violation. Another alternative is temporarily coupling the adjacent MGs to support each other and form a system of coupled MGs. Thus, the thesis has then proposed and developed a suitable technique to form systems of coupled MGs while preserving the voltage and frequency of each MG and reassuring the optimal performance of all MGs. The proposed optimisation approach tries to solve the voltage or frequency problem by coupling the MGs when the local actions, such as energy storages, are inadequate or cost-ineffective. Another technique has also been proposed and developed that can readjust the dispatch of the suitable generation units, between the optimisations, to support small changes in load. To this end, the potential field concept is used by the loads to select suitable generation units to make the decision very quickly. The decision is made based on different criteria, such as cost, reliability, emission, and power loss. This process requires low computational efforts and can be done instantly. Besides, a periodic optimisation is performed by the MG’s central controller to retune the whole system and reconfirm the optimal operation. The performance of the developed techniques has been demonstrated and validated through extensive numerical analyses in MATLAB®.
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Jacobson, Craig. "INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION REMOTE SENSING POINTING ANALYSIS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3308.
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This paper analyzes the geometric and disturbance aspects of utilizing the International Space Station for remote sensing of earth targets. The proposed instrument is SHORE (Station High-Sensitivity Ocean Research Experiment), a multi-band optical spectrometer with 15 m pixel resolution. The analysis investigates the contribution of the error effects to the quality of data collected by the instrument. The analysis begins with the discussion of the coordinate systems involved and then conversion from the target coordinate system to the instrument coordinate system. Next the geometry of remote observations from the Space Station is investigated including the effects of the instrument location in Space Station and the effects of the line of sight to the target. The disturbance and error environment on Space Station is discussed covering factors contributing to drift and jitter, accuracy of pointing data and target and instrument accuracies. Finally, there is a brief discussion of image processing to address any post error correction options.<br>M.S.A.E.<br>Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Aerospace Engineering
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Williams, Cynthia. "Home Care Quality Effects of Remote Monitoring." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6383.
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Despite concerted efforts to decrease costs and increase public health, the embattled U.S. health care system continues to struggle to alleviate these widespread issues. Because the problem of hospital utilizations among patients with heart failure is posited to increase as the population ages, innovative methodologies need to be explored to mitigate adverse events. Remote monitoring harnesses the strength of advanced information and communication technology to affect positive changes in health care quality and cost. By reaching across geographical boundaries, remote monitoring may support increased access to less costly services and improve the quality of home health care.
The purpose of the study was to examine the home care quality effects of remote monitoring technology in patients with heart failure and to provide an economic justification for its adoption and diffusion. It compared remote monitoring as a potential intervention strategy to a standard no-intervention group (without remote monitoring). Specifically, it analyzed remote monitoring as a viable strategy to decrease hospital readmissions and emergency department visits. It also compared the cost of remote monitoring against the current standard-of-care.
The theoretical framework of Donabedian's Quality Model was used in the evaluation of remote monitoring. A retrospective posttest only, case control study design was used to test the degree which remote monitoring was effective in promoting health care quality (hospital readmissions and decreased emergency department visits). Retrospective chart reviews were performed using electronic medical records (EMR). Analysis of Variance, Path Analysis, Automatic Interaction Detector Analysis (Dtreg), and Cost Outcomes Ratio were used to test the hypotheses and validate the proposed theoretical model.
No significant difference was noted in remote monitoring and usual care groups. Results suggested that remote monitoring does not statistically lead to a decrease in heart failure-related hospital readmissions and all-cause emergency department visits. Results of the cost ratio analysis suggested that there was no statistically significant difference in the net income between usual care and remote monitoring; however, data suggest that there were significant increases in cost and intensity of nursing utilization for the remote monitoring intervention. The Automatic Interaction Detector Analysis showed that the unfavorable results in hospital readmissions were due to a decrease in collaborative care and patient education prior to the recommendation for hospitalization.
The role of nursing care, whether in hospital or community-based care, in heart failure management is critical to quality outcomes. As the field continues to consider the use of technology in health care, decision makers should think through the process of patient care such that preventable hospital readmissions are decreased and patients received quality care.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Public Affairs; Health Services Management and Research Track
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Herzogenrath, Bern. "trumped!: remote|control, 2 trojan horses (and 3 knocks)." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71590.
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Neoliberalism has been on the rise at least since the mid-1980s. The economization of the social and the increasing globalization of capital show all the characteristics of a neoliberal governmentality, as Michel Foucault has analyzed it (cf. Foucault 2008). Gilles Deleuze described this process as a new transformation of the disciplinary society into a control society, which he briefly sketched and described in his far-sighted and ‘prophetic’ essay (cf. Deleuze 1992). However, it is not just as if Deleuze is saying “Fuck ould Foucault, move over.” Rather, Deleuze shows that Foucault’s analysis revealed that the disciplinary society (with its heyday in the 18th, 19th, and much of the 20th century) was only the actual (still present but disappearing) of the then pertinent predicament, whereas the society of control was already chomping-
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Wessollek, Christine, Pierre Karrasch, and Marie-Luise Kautz. "Surface irradiance estimations on watercourses with remote sensing data." SPIE, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35177.
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The vegetation in the riparian zone of a watercourse in fluences the water state with multiple factors, first via direct substance discharge and secondly via shadow casting on the water surface. Shadowing directly regulates the solar radiant energy arriving at the water surface. Solar radiation input to aquatic environments is the most important abiotic factor for aquatic flora and fauna habitat development. Thus, to adequately asses the ecological state of water courses it is necessary to quantify the solar surface irradiance E (W=m2) arriving on the water surface. When estimating the solar surface irradiance the complex coherence between incoming solar radiation, atmospheric in uences, and spatial-temporal geometries need to be investigated. This work established a work flow to compute the solar surface irradiance for water bodies using different remote sensing data. The work flow was tested on regional level for a section of the river Freiberger Mulde, Saxony, for the year 2016. Product of the calculations is a map visualising the annual sum of the solar surface irradiance (kWh=m2) arriving on the Freiberger Mulde water surface and the surrounding terrain. Based on these information bio-hydrological issues can be further examinated.
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Knipe, Phillip John. "Electromagnetic radiation emissions from remote area power supply systems." Thesis, Knipe, Phillip John (2002) Electromagnetic radiation emissions from remote area power supply systems. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/23798/.
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There has been growing concern about the potential link between various health effects, such as cancer and chronic exposure to low level Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR).
A report on residential exposure to 50 / 60 Hz electromagnetic radiation, published by the United Kingdom’s National Radiation Protection Board (NRPB) found:
“that there is some epidemiological evidence that prolonged exposure to higher levels of power frequency magnetic fields is associated with a small risk of leukaemia in children (AGNIR, 2001).”
The report concluded that: “heavy exposures of 0.4μT (4 mG) or more are associated with a doubling of the risk of leukaemia in children under fifteen years of age. The evidence is, however, not conclusive (AGNIR, 2001).”
Even though there has been no conclusive scientific evidence that there is a direct relationship between cancer and chronic exposure to low level EMR there is sufficient evidence to justify minimising exposure levels.
Regions of particular interest in the electromagnetic spectrum are the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) 50 - 60 Hz, Very Low Frequency (VLF) 10 - 100 kHz and Radio Frequency (RF) 100 kHz - 300 GHz bands.
Remote area power supply (RAPS) systems are becoming increasingly prevalent. These systems tend to use renewable energy sources and their associated technology rather than the conventual power supply systems. Recently some concerns have been raised about the levels of EMR being emitted from these new forms of technology. Some of the inverters transforming the generated direct current (dc) to alternating current (ac) have produced significant levels of EMR. These devices are often located close to living areas and therefore increase the hazards to residents.
While the main aim of these systems is to replace non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, they should also be designed to minimise the doses of EMR to which users are exposed.
This type of technology is still immature, and innovations are occurring rapidly. While there is currently no proven link between exposure to EMR and health effects, various concerns have been raised and the design and production of renewable energy technology that has reduced or very low emissions of EMR has obvious advantages.
This thesis examines the various frequencies of EMR produced by typical remote area power supply systems (RAPS). The strengths of these fields are measured using various types of monitoring equipment and the health hazards examined.
This research was conducted on a range of RAPS equipment including diesel generators and inverters. Fields were measured at various orientations as a function of distance from the sources. Even though no levels above the current health standards were found some magnetic fields above the 4 mG mark were measured. This level has been identified as a possible action level for chronic exposure to EMR. The analysis of these results enables the qualitative assessment of the hazards associated with RAPS systems. This leads to a set of recommendations to health authorities on sensible measures to be adopted to minimise the hazards to the users of these systems.
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Thipthorp, Jeremy. "Integrating photovoltaic systems into remote diesel generator powered networks." Thesis, Thipthorp, Jeremy (2016) Integrating photovoltaic systems into remote diesel generator powered networks. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33962/.
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This thesis aims to research the effects of multiple ascending levels of photovoltaic (PV) power penetration on a prototype diesel generator powered network that has a PV power system integrated into it. First the effects of this additional photovoltaic penetration were documented then some ways to mitigate the effects of solar intermittency were investigated. This project relates to the Power and Water Corporation’s (PWC) proposed roll out of 10 megawatt of solar throughout more than 30 of the remote communities they service in the Northern Territory. This thesis is concerned with instantaneous PV power penetration and studying the effects levels of instantaneous penetration higher than 30 per cent may have on an individual network.
To conduct this study, literature about solar irradiance data and previous trials in the Northern Territory was studied to make sensible simulation event estimates for a mock network. A network model was created and used in simulations to approximate the network’s response to cloud shading during various levels of penetration. The simulations confirmed that photovoltaic penetration of 30 per cent and even 45 per cent could easily be implemented without the need for upgrading the existing infrastructure. Both 60 and 70 per cent penetration level simulations suggested that there would likely be a need to raise the nominal generated voltage and or apply shunt capacitor banks to the load buses. The significance of these results is that they confirm the Power and Water Corporations premise that 30 per cent penetration is a safe starting point and also suggest that higher levels of photovoltaic penetration can be achieved with little to no costly infrastructure upgrades, depending on the level of penetration implemented.
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Robinson, Rod. "Appropriate technologies for water supply to remote Aboriginal outstations." Thesis, Robinson, Rod (1987) Appropriate technologies for water supply to remote Aboriginal outstations. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 1987. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38366/.
Full textAbstract:
The Aboriginal outstations or 'homelands' movement of the last decade has witnessed a migration of small groups of Aboriginal people back to their traditional lands, a movement now involving over two thousand Aboriginals in Western Australia. Statistics indicate an acceleration of this movement in the last few years, particularly in the Kimberley and East Pilbara areas of W.A.
The provision of water and related services such as reticulation and ablutions for the small, remote, often seasonally occupied settlements, or "outstations", which are being established is a difficult and expensive task. Often the site chosen for the outstation is not within proximity to good water, since available water resources
are scarce and often utilised by pastoral stations for stock watering. Where water is accessed by bore drilling, over half the water quality limits exceed acceptable levels as determined by Australian standards for drinking water quality. Field workers and engineers have questioned the stringency of such criteria in the context of the Aboriginals' particular circumstances. Likewise, quantities of water regarded as minimal be servicing authorities are considered far in excess of actual usage figures, causing overcapitalisation in the provision of services to a few outstations at the expense of others. In general, it appears that the perceived need for remote Aboriginal outstations as envisaged by servicing agencies is much greater than the expressed needs of the people themselves. This anomaly raises the need to define an approach to the servicing needs of the outstations, which may be termed an 'appropriate technology' approach.
The appropriate technology approach focuses upon both the technology and its impact on a particular group or society. It is the adaptation of technology to the physical, cultural and societal context that makes that technology appropriate. Of greatest importance to Aboriginal needs is the use of technology which is robust, easily maintained, reliable and safe. In the political framework of the outstation movement, it is apparent that the technology should involve minimal outside servicing requirements, and maximum input by the users themselves.
This thesis seeks to address some of the issues outlined above for the provision of water supply and the technology of treatment and disposal, and of the revision of supply standards to achieve this.
Particular attention is given to:
- quantity and quality needs assessment for outstations, referring to work done by Aboriginal field workers and overseas studies in this area
- the appropriate technology approach to the development of technology for outstation communities
- assessment of a number of technologies for water supply, distribution and disposal using appropriate technology criteria for their use in outstations
- the development of a particular technology, reverse osmosis desalination, for potential use in the purification of outstation water supplies. This unit would conceivably operate using a renewable energy source such as windpumping, and fulfill the criteria of appropriateness outlined in this thesis.
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Zeng, Zheng. "Remote Data Monitoring to the Cloud for Apiary Measurement." Thesis, Zeng, Zheng (2017) Remote Data Monitoring to the Cloud for Apiary Measurement. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40012/.
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Apiary industry manages bees and makes the product from this insect. There are about 10,000 registered beekeepers in Australia that operate 600,000 hives. However, these beekeepers are mostly take various measurements from beehives manually. This provides significant workloads of the beekeepers as well as the maintenance fee. Since the rapid development of IoT (Internet of Things) technology, it is possible to take measurements remotely via the IoT microcontrollers. An owner of a bee farm approached the author via their contractor, for designing a low-cost solution for a remote monitoring system that allows the various apiary measurements. The design allows different parameters to be monitored automatically without human force, including the hive weight, the temperature, the level of rainfall, and the water level of the tank for hydrating bees. This thesis contained the design procedure for the remote apiary data monitoring system, investigating various sensors, development of the system’s software, laboratories for verifying various theories/assumptions; calculations for the system’s power consumption, etc. The simulation results for this system is demonstrated in this paper; the results indicate that the system is available to monitor data via the cloud, generating reports and sending the notification message to the end user by SMS/Email. Therefore, it can reduce the workload by preventing the beekeeper from frequently coming to the Beehive.
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Fletcher, Serena. "Residential remote area power supply system monitoring and analysis." Thesis, Fletcher, Serena (1999) Residential remote area power supply system monitoring and analysis. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/40932/.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis was to design, develop, test and install a monitoring system for a residential renewable energy remote area power supply (RAPS) system. In doing so, the aim was to address the lack of availability of reliable, accurate and continuously monitored data for residential remote area power supply (RAPS) systems. A comprehensive database of monitored data for renewable energy RAPS systems, such as the one monitored for this thesis, will provide a basis for improving the understanding of the operation of these systems. This information may prove useful to system designers, equipment suppliers, system owners, potential system buyers, researchers, the Government and the public in general.
The project will also provide feedback to the Office of Energy on the performance of a selected renewable energy RAPS system under the Wes tern Australian Government's Renewable Energy RAPS Rebate Scheme, in particular, the contribution of the renewable energy component of the system.
The data collected in monitoring projects, such as this one, can be used to validate the accuracy of computer simulation programs. The lack of reliable monitored data has inhibited the validation of such simulation programs under field conditions. The aim in this thesis was to use the data collected to validate the accuracy of the RAPSIM simulation program.
The residential hybrid PV RAPS system at Mundabullangana Station, Port Hedland, was selected for monitoring for a period of two years. This thesis details the design, development, testing and installation of a monitoring system for the RAPS system. At the time of submission of this thesis, approximately six weeks of high quality data was obtained.
The monitored data allowed the RAPS system operational performance to be analysed in detail, and to be verified against the estimated performance provided by the designers of the system. The preliminary monitored results showed a close agreement with the estimated values.
The data was also used to validate the RAPSIM simulation program. The results indicated a good correlation between the simulated and monitored daily profiles, and a reasonable to good comparison between the average daily system parameters.
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Nair, Jaya. "A bacteriological test for drinking water in remote communities." Thesis, Nair, Jaya (2000) A bacteriological test for drinking water in remote communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52401/.
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Drinking water quality monitoring in remote areas should be viewed in a different way than in metropolitan areas, for many reasons. In remote areas around the world people use treated and untreated water for domestic purposes. Although there are many chances that the water in these systems could become polluted, the water is seldom tested for microbial quality.
The criteria for what can be considered the most suitable indicator organism should be different in remote areas and in developing countries where facilities for microbial analyses are limited. Emphasis needs to be given to indicators which are easy to detect, and to testing methods that are simple to perform. Complicated testing procedures would totally prevent the testing of drinking water totally in such areas. The hypothesis behind this project is that the H2S method which was developed by Manja et al. (1982), meets the criteria for a good testing method in remote areas. This method is based on the detection of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the drinking water sample in contrast to standard methods which are based on the detection of coliform bacteria.
The main significance of the project is that the H2S method if found reliable would facilitate regular testing of drinking water in remote areas throughout the world at very little expense. This could lead to the early detection of any contamination thereby improving the health of the people. Since local people could conduct the test it would help to create awareness of the need for clean drinking water and improve the hygiene of people in remote areas.
A literature review was conducted to analyse the need for an on-site bacteriological water testing method and to examine how efficient the currently used methods are for detecting faecal contamination of drinking water in developed and developing countries. The available literature was also examined to develop criteria for an indicator organism suitable for remote areas. In addition a review was conducted into present understanding of the H2S method.
In order to test whether the H2S method met the criteria for detecting pathogens in samples, experiments were conducted to test the method s efficiency for detecting Salmonella typhimurium, a common pathogen in drinking water. Similarly the efficiency for detecting another common enteric bacteria, Citrobacter freundii was also studied. Since the availability of power and laboratory facilities are limited in remote areas, the temperature range and the incubation period required by the method to detect contamination were studied. This was to test whether the H2S method would work without incubators. Trials were conducted with modified H2S media to try to detect lower levels of contamination and reduce the incubation period.
While conducting experiments to test whether the SRB are consistently present in human faeces, by comparing the H2S method with the coliform method using faeces samples, it was observed that about 18% of the samples lacked coliform bacteria in detectable amounts. It was concluded that if drinking water is contaminated with such a faecal sample, the contamination could go undetected if faecal conforms are used as indicator organisms. The H2S method was not able to detect contamination at higher dilutions of faeces where low numbers of SRB would be present. The reason for the poor performance of the H2S method was attributed to the predominance of methanogenic bacteria over SRB and/or the influence of illness and diet on the human intestinal microflora.
The correlation of the H2S method with the membrane Faecal Coliform method (mFC method) in detecting the presence of spiked raw sewage in drinking water was also observed to be low at lower levels of faecal coliforms. Also the correlation was found to be different with the effluent from two sewage treatment plants. A variation in the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria and the influence of illness and diets on the human intestinal microflora is tentatively postulated as a reason for this difference.
Testing various sources of treated and untreated water supplies revealed that the H2S method could be used as a screening test for drinking water. The absence of false negative results compared to the presence of total coliforms at coliform count of <10CFU/100mL indicated that the H2S method is a good test for microbial contamination in developing countries where the acceptable level of total coliforms is <10MPN/100mL.
The conclusion in regard to the hypothesis is that the H2S method could be a useful screening test for microbial quality of drinking water in remote areas. However the comparison of the H2S method with the faecal coliform method was found to have some deficiencies. Due to the low numbers of faecal coliforms in many faecal samples it is concluded that comparison of a new method with such an indicator organism might not be valid. Further work is therefore required to assess the reason for the low levels of faecal coliforms, and whether it is related to health, diet or hereditary factors.
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Harrison, Don. "Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities." Thesis, Harrison, Don (2001) Solar powered reverse osmosis desalination: Technology for remote communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52404/.
Full textAbstract:
The need for desalination to provide drinking water of acceptable standards has been established. A review of desalination techniques suggests that solar powered reverse osmosis with energy recovery is likely to satisfy the widest range of applications in inland Australia and elsewhere. Of the energy recovery techniques, the 'flow-regulated' approach appears well suited to remote applications, because it maintains its set recovery ratio regardless of insolation levels, and starts and stops automatically at sunrise and sunset. Operating and capital costs of units needs to be minimised and operational flexibility maximised for wide application in remote areas.
This project aimed to develop, produce and test a low cost solar powered desalinator that was portable, reliable and flexible. The thesis describes the theoretical and practical development of a production model through the four prototypes. The prototypes were tested to determine the performance of a variety of membranes, the efficiency of the pumps and energy recovery system, and the water slippage of valves and seals. The available energy from the two-panel tracking array was also assessed.
A model which describes the hydraulics of 'flow-regulated' energy recovery systems was developed and incorporated in a spreadsheet program and used to assess the performance of the prototypes. The relevance of all the variable components affecting fresh water production can be assessed through graphically presented results from the spreadsheet.
A production model solar powered desalinator capable of 400 L/day from a 120 W peak array has been developed as a result of the project. The flow-regulated approach to energy recovery appears to work well in the field and may be contributing to the maintenance of high water production rates at all sites without resorting to chemical pretreatment or frequent cleaning. High pulsation rates and low feed flow rates through large diameter spiral wound membranes do not appear to adversely affect membrane life at the low pressures used in these machines.
Further research is required to monitor the long term reliability and running costs of these machines, their degree of acceptance in remote communities, and their ability to maintain the quality of product water to acceptable standards.
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Yetkin, Erdem. "Alteration Identification By Hyperspectral Remote Sensing In Sisorta Gold Prospect (sivas-turkey)." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611049/index.pdf.
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Imaging spectrometry data or hyperspectral imagery acquired using airborne systems have been used in the geologic community since the early 1980&rsquo<br>s and represent a mature technology. The solar spectral range 0.4&ndash<br>2.5 &<br>#956<br>m provides abundant information about hydroxyl-bearing minerals, sulfates and carbonates common to many geologic units and hydrothermal alteration assemblages. Satellite based Hyperion image data is used to implement and test hyperspectral processing techniques to identify alteration minerals and associate the results with the geological setting. Sisorta gold prospect is characterized by porphyry related epithermal and mesothermal alteration zones that are mapped through field studies. Image specific corrections are applied to obtain error free image data. Extensive field mapping and spectroscopic survey are used to identify nine endmembers from the image. Partial unmixing techniques are applied and used to assess the endmembers. Finally the spectral correlation mapper is used to map the endmembers which are kaolinite, dickite, halloysite, illite, montmorillonite and alunite as clay group and hematite, goethite and jarosite as the iron oxide group. The clays and iron oxides are mapped with approximately eighty percent accuracy. The study introduces an image specific algorithm for alteration minerals identification and discusses the outcomes within the geological perspective.
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Dietrich, Christian [Verfasser], and Felix [Akademischer Betreuer] Freiling. "Identification and Recognition of Remote-Controlled Malware / Christian Dietrich. Betreuer: Felix Freiling." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1034490672/34.
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Fay, Martha Jane. "Informal communication practices between peers in the remote work context." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1167786840.
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KARACHATZIS, XENOFON, and LIKHIT PARAMESHWARAPPA. "Innovation & Remote Work: A window of opportunity or an inevitable compromise? : An identification and evaluation of innovation aspects in remote work conditions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300122.
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As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been wide adoption of remote work while major companies have started introducing permanent flexible work arrangements. This dramatic shift in the workplace has raised questions regarding the effect this will have on innovation as it is critical for a future company’s success. Based on the literature review we managed to identify six key aspects to the innovative workplace: communication, collaboration, trust, knowledge transfer, company culture and management. We were able to evaluate the impact of remote work on these aspects by using both theoretical findings and empirical data gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted within a Swedish telecommunications company. Our results indicate that despite some advantageous features, communication, trust and knowledge transfer suffered. In management there has been a slightly positive shift. The results in collaboration and company culture appear inconclusive with significant advantages and disadvantages. In order to avoid an overall decrease in innovation we propose the adoption of a hybrid work model to combine the best aspects of these opposite arrangements.<br>Som en följd av Covid-19-pandemin har distansarbete blivit betydligt vanligare, stora företag har redan infört sådana permanenta arrangemang. Denna dramatiska förändring på arbetsplatsen har väckt frågor angående effekten på innovation eftersom det anses avgörande för ett företags framtida framgång och konkurrenskraft. Baserat på en genomgång av forskningslitteraturen har vi identifierat sex viktiga förutsättningar för företagens innovationskapacitet: kommunikation, samarbete, förtroende, kunskapsöverföring, företagskultur och ledning. Med utgångspunkt i tidigare teoretiska och empiriska forskningsresultat har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med ett svenskt telekommunikationsföretag för att analysera effekten distansarbete på innovation. Våra resultat indikerar att en del positiva effekter kan uppstå men att tyngdpunkten återfinns i den negativa vågskålen. Således verkar ledningsfunktionen påverkas positivt medan andra faktorer viktiga för innovation som kommunikation, förtroende och kunskapsöverföring har försvagats. Vad gäller samarbete och företagskulturen förefaller både positiva och negativa effekter uppstå. För att undvika en generell försvagning av innovationskapaciteten bör en hybrid modell användas som kombinerar de bästa aspekterna av distansarbetet med platsbundet arbete.
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Fay, Martha Jane. "Informal communication practices between peers in the remote work context." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1167786840.
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Beardsmore-Rust, Sam Thomas. "Remote applications of electric potential sensors in electrically unshielded environments." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2407/.
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The electric potential sensor is a novel, ultra high impedance sensor, previously developed at the University of Sussex. These sensors have been applied to a range of applications, including electrophysiology, non destructive testing of composite materials and novel nuclear magnetic resonance NMR probes. Some of these measurements can be made in a strongly coupled (≥100pF) mode, where the coupling capacitance is reasonably large and well dened, and ambient noise is therefore less problematic. However for many applications, there exists a requirement for this coupling to be much weaker. This weak and poorly dened coupling creates substantial problems with ambient noise often causing sensors to saturate and become unusable. In the past, therefore, these measurements have all been made inside electrically screened rooms and enclosures. The work discussed in this thesis explores the possibility of operating these sensors outside of electrically screened environments. A number of techniques for resilience against noise are explored and experiments to fully analyse and characterise the performance of the sensors are discussed. As a result of this work, further results are then shown for a number of experiments carried out in a busy lab environment, in the presence of noise sources, and with little or minimal screening used. In this case, data is shown for the collection of remote cardiac and respiratory data, imaging of the spatial distribution of charge on insulating materials, detecting electric eld disturbances for movement sensing and early results for a microscopic XY scanning application.
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Smart, Matthew James. "Anonymity vs. traceability : revocable anonymity in remote electronic voting protocols." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3386/.
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Remote electronic voting has long been considered a panacea for many of the problems with existing, paper-based election mechanisms: assurance that one’s vote has been counted as cast; ability to vote without fear of coercion; fast and reliable tallying; improvement in voter turnout. Despite these promised improvements, take-up of remote electronic voting schemes has been very poor, particularly when considering country-wide general elections. In this thesis, we explore a new class of remote electronic voting protocols: specfically, those which fit with the United Kingdom’s requirement that it should be possible to link a ballot to a voter in the case of personation. We address the issue of revocable anonymity in electronic voting. Our contributions are threefold. We begin with the introduction of a new remote electronic voting protocol, providing revocable anonymity for any voter with access to an Internet-connected computer of their choice. We provide a formal analysis for the security properties of this protocol. Next, we are among the first to consider client-side security in remote electronic voting, providing a protocol which uses trusted computing to assure the voter and authorities of the state of the voter’s machine. Finally, we address revocable anonymity more generally: should a user have the right to know when their anonymity has been revoked? We provide a protocol which uses trusted computing to achieve this. Ultimately, the work in this thesis can be seen as a sound starting point for the deployment of remote electronic voting in the United Kingdom.
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Ehrlich, André, Eike Bierwirth, and Manfred Wendisch. "Airborne remote sensing of Arctic boundary-layer mixed-phase clouds." Universität Leipzig, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16357.
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This article gives an overview on the investigations on Artic boundary-layer mixed-phase clouds conducted within the Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation (ASTAR) in spring 2007. In particular the horizontal and vertical disribution of ice crystals within the clouds was determined by three independent airborne instruments (lidar, in situ and solar radiation measurements). Spectral measurements of cloud top reflectivity have been utilized to retrieve information on the ice phase by analyzing the spectral pattern of the cloud top reflectance in the wavelength range dominated by liquid water and ice absorption (1400-1700 nm). A new algorithm to derive an ice index which distinguishes pure ice, liquid water, and mixed-phase clouds was developed. The horizontal distribution of the ice index, observed during ASTAR 2007, agrees with airborne lidar and in situ measurements showing patches of glaciated clouds at an air mass transition zone within the investigated mixed-phase cloud fields. Information on the vertical distribution of ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds was derived by comparing the measured cloud top reflectivity in the wavelength band 1400-1700 nm to radiative transfer simulations. To interpret the data, the vertical weighting of the measurements was calculated. In the investigated wavelength range the weightings differ according to the spectral absorption of ice and liquid water. From the observed spectral cloud reflectivity with low values in the ice absorption maximum (1400 nm) and higher values at the liquid water absorption maximum (1700 nm) it was concluded that ice crystals were present in the otherwise liquid dominated cloud top layer. Although in situ measurements (limited due to vertical resolution and detection limits) did confirm these findings only in certain limits, the retrieved vertical structure is in agreement with published ground based remote sensing measurements.
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Stewart, Joanne. "Assets and aspirations: Carbon management opportunities in remote indigenous communities." Thesis, Stewart, Joanne (2016) Assets and aspirations: Carbon management opportunities in remote indigenous communities. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35016/.
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Two current pressing global challenges, climate change due to anthropogenic carbon emissions and poverty, are inextricably intertwined. In Australia these two issues are particularly pertinent. The nation is one of the highest per capita carbon emitters in the world, and despite being one of the most developed, the socio-economic disadvantage of its Indigenous peoples continues. This thesis provides a contribution to the dual fields of resilient and sustainable community development and climate change mitigation, with a sub-focus on asset-based assessment models for enabling community-directed low-carbon development in remote Indigenous communities.
The remaining socio-economic disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians has revealed a need for an alternative approach to the past policy incrementalism that focuses on issues and needs, and improved engagement with remote communities. Therefore, an asset-based model, the Resilient Community and Livelihood Asset Integration Model (ReCLAIM), with a focus on aspirations and a continuous participatory appraisal cycle was developed for application with a community Advisory Committee. The six-step decision support model was applied, via a series of workshops, with two remote Indigenous communities to assist their selection of goal-oriented carbon management strategies.
The application of the model identified the existing and aspirational assets of the communities, their current carbon emission profiles, the carbon management strategies they preferred for their settlement areas, the modelled outcomes and implementation plans. The carbon profiles and strategies selected differed between the two communities highlighting the need for a community-directed approach to understanding the drivers of carbon emissions, removals and mitigation responses. Economic benefits were highlighted with expected cost savings to communities and service providers. The model could be adapted to a variety of contexts including urban municipalities or remote villages in developing countries.
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Ranatunga, Thushara D. "Development of a GIS and Remote Sensing Based Study Tool for Tree Identification." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1227241623.
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Suri, Sahil. "Automatic image to image registration for multimodal remote sensing images." kostenfrei, 2010. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=967187.
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Servello, John A. "Thermal Identification of Clandestine Burials: A Signature Analysis and Image Classification Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33201/.
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Clandestine burials, the interred human remains of forensic interest, are generally small features located in isolated environments. Typical ground searches can be both time-consuming and dangerous. Thermal remote sensing has been recognized for some time as a possible search strategy for such burials that are in relatively open areas; however, there is a paucity of published research with respect to this application. This project involved image manipulation, the analyses of signatures for "graves" of various depths when compared to an undisturbed background, and the use of image classification techniques to tease out these features. This research demonstrates a relationship between the depth of burial disturbance and the resultant signature. Further, image classification techniques, especially object-oriented algorithms, can be successfully applied to single band thermal imagery. These findings may ultimately decrease burial search times for law enforcement and increase the likelihood of locating clandestine graves.
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Radosavljevic, Vladan. "GAUSSIAN CONDITIONAL RANDOM FIELDS FOR REGRESSION IN REMOTE SENSING." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/210435.
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Computer and Information Science<br>Ph.D.<br>In recent years many remote sensing instruments of various properties have been employed in an attempt to better characterize important geophysical phenomena. Satellite instruments provide an exceptional opportunity for global long-term observations of the land, the biosphere, the atmosphere, and the oceans. The collected data are used for estimation and better understanding of geophysical parameters such as land cover type, atmospheric properties, or ocean temperature. Achieving accurate estimations of such parameters is an important requirement for development of models able to predict global climate changes. One of the most challenging climate research problems is estimation of global composition, load, and variability of aerosols, small airborne particles that reflect and absorb incoming solar radiation. The existing algorithm for aerosol prediction from satellite observations is deterministic and manually tuned by domain scientist. In contrast to domain-driven method, we show that aerosol prediction is achievable by completely data-driven approaches. These statistical methods consist of learning of nonlinear regression models to predict aerosol load using the satellite observations as inputs. Measurements from unevenly distributed ground-based sites over the world are used as proxy to ground-truth outputs. Although statistical methods achieve better accuracy than deterministic method this setup is appropriate when data are independently and identically distributed (IID). The IID assumption is often violated in remote sensing where data exhibit temporal, spatial, or spatio-temporal dependencies. In such cases, the traditional supervised learning approaches could result in a model with degraded accuracy. Conditional random fields (CRF) are widely used for predicting output variables that have some internal structure. Most of the CRF research has been done on structured classification where the outputs are discrete. We propose a CRF model for continuous outputs that uses multiple unstructured predictors to form its features and at the same time exploits structure among outputs. By constraining the feature functions to quadratic functions of outputs, we show that the CRF model can be conveniently represented in a Gaussian canonical form. The appeal of proposed Gaussian Conditional Random Fields (GCRF) model is in its conceptual simplicity and computational efficiency of learning and inference through use of sparse matrix computations. Experimental results provide strong evidence that the GCRF achieves better accuracy than non-structured models. We improve the representational power of the GCRF model by 1) introducing the adaptive feature function that can learn nonlinear relationships between inputs and outputs and 2) allowing the weights of feature functions to be dependent on inputs. The GCRF is also readily applicable to other regression applications where there is a need for knowledge integration, data fusion, and exploitation of correlation among output variables.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Rahman, Ishtiaq Ali. "Application of remote ischaemic preconditioning to human coronary artery bypass surgery." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/843/.
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This thesis reports a clinical study designed to assess myocardial, renal and lung outcomes following cardiac surgery. In a single centre, prospective randomized, placebo intervention-controlled trial the effects of intermittent upper limb ischaemia (remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC)) were compared in non-diabetic adult patients undergoing on-pump multi-vessel coronary artery surgery. Patients, investigators, anaesthetists, surgeons and critical care teams were all blind to group allocation. Subjects were randomized(1:1) to RIPC(or placebo) stimuli (3x upper limb (or dummy arm) 5 minute cycles of 200mmHg cuff inflation/deflation) during sternotomy and conduit procurement. Anaesthesia, perfusion, cardioplegia and surgical techniques were standardized. Groups were well matched on demographic and operative variables. In contrast to prior smaller studies, RIPC did not reduce troponin T (48 hour area under the curve (AUC); 6hour and peak) release, improve post-operative haemodynamics (cardiac indices; low cardiac output episodes incidence; IABP usage; inotrope and vasoconstrictor use; M mode, 2D contrastenhanced echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging) or offer antiarrhythmic benefit (de novo left bundle branch block or Q waves; ventricular tachyarrhythmia incidence). RIPC did not afford renal (peak creatinine, AUC urinary albumin-creatinine ratios, dialysis requirement) or lung protection (intubation times, 6hour and 12 hour pO2/FiO2 ratios). Case urgency did not influence RIPC effect.
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Low, Keng-Mun. "New battery technology for remote PV applications: A brief performance analysis." Thesis, Low, Keng-Mun (2012) New battery technology for remote PV applications: A brief performance analysis. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/31121/.
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Lead-acid batteries have always been the dominant choice of technology when it comes to energy storage in remote area power supply (RAPS) systems. This is because it is the cheapest and the most developed battery technology in the market. Now, a new battery technology, the sodium-ion battery, has emerged as a rival. The sodium-ion battery is claimed to offer many benefits over the lead-acid battery, such as: longer cycle life, greater depth-of-discharge, suitability for high temperature operations, suitability for partial state-of-charge (PSoC) operations, is completely recyclable and can be manufactured cheaply. A local Australian company has taken interest in this battery technology for use in their RAPS systems, and has approached Murdoch University with a battery test proposal to verify such claims. These battery testing activities form the basis of this Masters dissertation.
The test methodology employed in this project is meant to give the Client a basic idea of how the prototype sodium-ion battery behaves, and to evaluate its suitability for RAPS systems. The tests conducted can be categorised into characterisation tests and load simulation tests.
The characterisation tests revealed several interesting findings: the battery has a non-flat discharge curve, has a high self-discharge rate, and has high internal series resistance.
The load simulation tests so far demonstrate that the prototype sodium-ion battery has low energy efficiency at high currents, and the preliminary results indicate that its performance is not quite on par with the lead-acid battery. A lithium-ion battery included in the test for comparison shows a far superior performance. Further tests are still required on this Na-ion battery to see if it can meet its claimed specifications, and to further differentiate it from the lead-acid battery. Doing so will allow proper economic analysis on whether it will be a suitable replacement for lead-acid batteries.
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Brunke, Shelby Scott. "Nonlinear filtering and system identification algorithms for autonomous systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7095.
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Kroner, Patrik. "Modeling and Evaluation of Remote Temperature and Conductivity Sensor Using Radio Frequency Identification Tags." Thesis, KTH, Mikrosystemteknik (Bytt namn 20121201), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105541.
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The goal of this master thesis was to model and evaluate a new RFID sensor technology developed at GE research. The sensor uses an ordinary RFID tag to simultaneously sense the temperature and conductivity of a liquid placed on the other side of a plastic membrane. This is accomplished by using a reader antenna and a network analyzer to perform a frequency sweep to calculate the impedance at the different frequencies. Because the resonant circuit properties change with temperature and the conductivity of the liquid the resulting spectrum can be used to calculate the temperature and conductivity. This is done using a mathematical method called Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The model used to describe the system is a simple circuit involving two smaller circuits connected inductively through two coils. This model was then used together with measurements to find the temperature and conductivity dependence of the different components in the model. The resulting simulation captured the bulk of the behavior of the system. PCA analysis was performed on the simulated data and compared to measurements. Considerations of noise was added and evaluated. This shows that even through there are some issues with the model it can predict certain behaviors of the sensor.
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Main, Russell Stuart. "A Remote sensing change detection study in the arid Richtersveld region of South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3173_1257322677.
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<p>The Richtersveld falls within the succulent karoo and dester biomes. This studu made use of remote sensing technologies in order to investigate possible vegetation cover changes that have taken place over time, and which have manifested through a combination of threats to the region. Te aims of the study were adressed using three key questions that sought to gainan understanding of the relationship between vegetation response and moisture, in order to interpret teporal and spatial vegetyation cover changes. A spartially and temporarily representative remotely sensed dataset was used together with techniques that are repeatable and able to quantify change with a limited human bias.</p>