Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Removable orthodontic appliances'

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 73 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-69).

INTRODUKTION OCH SYFTE: Tidigare studier av kooperation och ortodonti har visat att ett av de bästa sätten att öka patienternas kooperation är genom att övervaka användningstiden och påminna patienten om att använda sin apparatur. Den här pilotstudiens syfte var att undersöka om någon utav två olika typer av påminnelser objektivt ökar användningstiden vid behandling med avtagbar apparatur eller inte.MATERIAL OCH METOD: 18 patienter i åldrarna 9-14 års ålder från en patientpopulation som behandlades vid avdelningen för Ortodonti, Odontologiska Fakulteten på Malmö Högskola, deltog i studien. Patienterna hade olika typer av bettavvikelser som gjorde dem behandlingsbara med antingen van Beek eller expansionsplåt. Patienterna placerades slumpmässigt in i en av tre grupper, alarm, kalender eller kontrollgrupp. Användningstid registrerades objektivt med en TheraMon®-timermodul som placerades inuti den ortodontiska apparaturens akrylbas.RESULTAT: Alarm-gruppen hade högst genomsnittlig användningstid. Kontrollgruppen hade något lägre användningstid än alarmgrupppen och kalendergruppen hade minst genomsnittlig användningstid. Det var skillnad på de olika behandlingstyperna, då behandlade med expansionsplåt hade bättre genomsnittlig användningstid än patienter behandlade med van Beek. Data testades för statistisk signifikans med Anova och t-test, ingen statistisk signifikans fanns.KONKLUSION: Den här studiens resultat tyder på att en påminnelse i form av ett alarm verkar vara bättre på att öka patienters kooperation än en kalender eller ingen påminnelse alls. Detta indikerar att det finns ett underlag för att i framtida studier vidare undersöka hur påminnelser via mobiltelefon påverkar compliance, till exempel påminnelse via en app. Patienter som behandlas med expansionsplåtar verkar ha en bättre compliance än patienter behandlade med van Beek-aktivatorer, därför bör framtida fokus läggas på att förbättra kooperationen hos patienter som behandlas med van Beek-aktivatorer. Framtida studier bör endast innefatta en typ av ortodontisk apparatur, till exempel van Beek. Fler patienter krävs i framtida studier för att säkerställa statistiskt signifikanta resultat.
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: Earlier studies on compliance and orthodontics have shown that one of the best ways to increase compliance is by supervising the wearing time. Compliance can also be increased by reminding the patient to use the removable appliance. This pilot study aims to investigate if any of two kinds of reminders objectively increase the compliance during orthodontic treatment with removable appliances or not.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 patients between 9-14 years of age were selected from a patient population attending the department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University. They presented different types of malocclusion which made them candidates for treatment with either van Beek-appliances or expansion plate. The patients were randomly placed in one of three groups; alarm, calendar or control group. Wearing time was objectively collected from the TheraMon®-module placed inside the acrylic base of the appliances. After the data collecting-phase was finished the data was tested with Anova and t-test to determine whether there was a significant difference between the groups.RESULTS: The alarm group had the highest average wear time. The control group had slightly lower average wear time than the alarm group, and the calendar group had the least amount of average wear time. There was a difference in average wear time between van Beek and expansion plate, with van Beek having a lower average wear time than expansion plate. Patients treated with expansion plates were more cooperative than patients treated with van Beek appliances. When data was tested for significance, no statistical significance was found.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that an alarm type of reminder appears to be better at improving wear time than a calendar or no reminder at all. This indicates that for future studies there might be a reason to develop a reminder for patients, for example an app. The study concludes that patients with expansion plates appear more cooperative than patients using van Beek appliance, so therefore focus should be on improving cooperation for patients using these types of appliances. This study shows that future studies should use one type of appliance, e.g. van Beek. More patients are needed in future studies to achieve statistical significant results.

Halitosis is an unpleasant breath odor; it affects roughly 30-50% of the population. The major compounds that contribute to halitosis that originates from the mouth, typically referred to as oral malodor, are volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), which are produced by a variety of microorganisms. It has been shown that orthodontic patients with acrylic appliances complain of oral malodor. The source of the odor is in part due to the nature of the appliance, which retains microorganisms that are not removed by mechanical cleaning so typically the addition of an antimicrobial agent, such as Chlorhexidine (CHX) to cleanse the appliances is recommended. However, CHX has some side effects so alternatives need to be explored. Objective: To assess the antimicrobial and the anti-malodor efficacy of a bioflavonoid mouth rinse (BFMR) compared to CHX and water on removable orthodontic appliances. Method: Participants between 8-20 years of age who complained of malodor from their removable orthodontic appliances from the UBC dental clinics and a private orthodontic practice were recruited and blindly randomized into groups in which different mouth rinses were used to soak the appliances for one week (BFMR, Chlorhexidine and water). Baseline and one-week follow-up data collection included the oral hygiene index (OHI), gingival index (GI), tongue coating index (TCI), VSC measurement by gas chromatography, organoleptic assessment, a microbial swab Results: Data was collected from 27 participants ranging in age from 8-16 years old. The baseline measurements of OHI, GI and TCI did not change significantly throughout the study. The organoleptic measurements of odor as well as the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts showed a significant reduction in the BFMR group, but for the CHX and water group no significant difference was detected from baseline to follow-up. Conclusion: The BFMR has superior antimicrobial and anti-malodor effect when compared to CHX or to water.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate

O objetivo do presente estudo clínico randomizado foi avaliar in vivo, por meio da técnica de biologia molecular Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization: 1) A contaminação de aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis por 40 espécies bacterianas; 2) A eficácia da utilização do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (Periogard®) sobre microrganismos cariogênicos; e 3) A eficácia da utilização do gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (Periogard®) sobre microrganismos periodontopatogênicos dos complexos laranja e vermelho. Participaram do estudo 20 pacientes de 7 a 11 anos de idade, em tratamento com aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis. O estudo constou de 2 etapas, com intervalo de 15 dias entre cada uma, de forma que todos os pacientes participassem tanto do grupo controle, quanto do grupo experimental. Em cada etapa os pacientes receberam um novo aparelho (totalizando 2 aparelhos por indivíduo) e um frasco plástico contendo a solução a ser borrifada sobre os aparelhos, porém os indivíduos não sabiam qual solução estavam utilizando. Os aparelhos foram utilizados em período integral, inclusive à noite, sendo removidos apenas durante as refeições Os pacientes do Grupo Controle foram orientados a usar solução placebo, sob a forma de spray, 2 vezes por semana, por 7 dias. Os pacientes do Grupo Experimental foram orientados a usar solução à base de gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (Periogard®) sob a forma de spray, da mesma forma que o grupo Controle. Decorridos 7 dias, os aparelhos de cada etapa foram removidos e processados para detecção de 40 espécies bacterianas, incluindo microrganismos cariogênicos e periodontopatogênicos, pela técnica Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio do teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon, utilizando o software SAS (Statistical Analysis System). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. De acordo com os resultados obtidos observou-se que os aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis dos pacientes do grupo controle estavam densamente contaminados pelos microrganismos avaliados. A maioria das sondas utilizadas estava presente nas amostras desse grupo, sendo que S. sanguinis, S. oralis, S. gordonii e E. corrodens ocorreram em 100% dos aparelhos. Dentre os microrganismos cariogênicos, S. mutans e S. sobrinus foram encontrados em maiores quantidades que L. acidophilus e L. casei. As bactérias periodontopatogênicas pertencentes ao complexo vermelho foram evidenciadas em maiores quantidades que as pertencentes ao complexo laranja. Dentre os demais complexos não associados com patologias específicas, o complexo roxo apresentou-se em maiores quantidades, estando presente em 34% das amostras. Após o uso de spray com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%, observou-se uma diminuição significante dos microrganismos cariogênicos (S.mutans e S. sobrinus e L. acidophilus) nos aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis (p<0,05). Observou-se também uma diminuição significante de todos os microrganismos periodontopatogênicos dos complexos laranja e vermelho (p<0,05), em relação ao grupo controle, com exceção apenas do T. socranskii. Conclui-se que os aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis encontraram-se multicolonizados por diversas espécies bacterianas e que a clorexidina, utilizada duas vezes por semana sob a forma de spray, foi eficaz na redução dos níveis de microrganismos cariogênicos e periodontopatogênicos dos complexos laranja e vermelho, nesses aparelhos.
Using the Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization biomolecular technique, this randomized clinical study evaluated: 1) the contamination of removable orthodontic appliances by 40 bacterial species; 2) the efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (Periogard®) spray against cariogenic microorganisms;and 3) the efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate spray against periodontopathogenic microorganisms of the orange and red complexes. Twenty 7-11-year-old patients under treatment with removable orthodontic appliances were enrolled. The study had two phases, with a 15-day interval between them, in such a way that patients participated both in the control and in the experimental group. In each phase, the patients received a new appliance (total of 2 appliances per patient) and a bottle containing a solution to be sprayed onto the appliances, but they were blinded to whether it was a placebo solution or an antimicrobial agent. The patients were instructed to wear the appliances full-time, even at night, removing only at meals. The patients in the control and experimental groups were instructed to spray the placebo or the 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate-based solution (Periogard®), respectively, onto the appliances twice a week during 7 days. After this period, the appliances of each phase were collected and processed for detection of 40 bacterial species, including cariogenic and periodontopathogenic microorganisms by the Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization technique. Data were analyzed statistically by the non-parametric Wilcoxon test using the SAS software (Statistical Analysis System) at 5% significance level. The results showed that the removable orthodontic appliances of the patients in the control group were heavily contaminated by the target microorganisms. Most bacterial probes used were present in the control samples, S. sanguinis, S. oralis, S. gordonii and E. corrodens being detected in 100% of the appliances. Among the cariogenic microorganisms, S. mutans and S. sobrinus were found in larger numbers than L. acidophilus and L. casei. The number of red complex periodontopathogenic bacteria was larger than that of orange complex periodontopathogenic bacteria. Among the other bacterial complexes not associated with specific pathologies, purple complex bactéria were present in larger numbers, being detected in 34% of the samples. After use of the 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate spray, the number of the cariogenic microorganisms (S.mutans, S. sobrinus and L. acidophilus) decreased significantly in the removable orthodontic appliances (p<0,05). There was also a significant decrease in the numbers of all periodontopathogenic microorganisms of the orange and red complexes (p<0,05), compared to the control group, except for T. socranskii. In conclusion, the removable orthodontic appliances were multicolonized by several bacterial species, and the use of chlorhexidine spray twice a week was effective in reducing the levels of cariogenic and periodontopathogenic microorganisms of the orange and red complexes.

Introduction: Socioeconomically disadvantaged children have limited access to orthodontic services not only because of their families’ competing needs for limited resources, but also because of the limited availability of orthodontists in their communities and a shortage of orthodontists who are willing to treat patients enrolled in Medicaid. We will systematically explore the hypothesis that an early interceptive treatment protocol using removable appliances provides the same treatment outcome but better cost-effectiveness than a traditional fixed-appliance protocol. Methods: Interim data on a prospective study with patients being treated either in private practice with rational fixed Phase I orthodontic treatment (n=11) or in a community clinic with removable interceptive orthodontic treatment (n=10). Initial and post treatment study models were acquired along with pretreatment PAR and clinical photos. PAR and ICON scores were assessed on all initial and final casts. Cost effective analyses were performed comparing the two treatment groups as well as comparing the removable group to no treatment. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of our data while manipulating certain treatment outcome variables. Results: For the fixed group the average PAR score at T2 was 7.6 with a 68% reduction from T1 to T2, while the ICON average score was 16.2 with a 67% reduction. In the removable group the average PAR score at T2 was 13.4 with a lesser reduction from T1 to T2 than the fixed group at 48% (p=0.20), while the ICON average score was 25.3 with a significantly lower reduction of 39% when compare to the fixed group (p=0.037). Cost effectiveness analyses showed that the removable appliance treatment protocol was cost effective when compared to no treatment but not cost effective when compared to 3 the traditional fixed Phase I treatment using the studies measured probabilities of success. Conclusion: The removable appliance protocol used at the Fruitvale community clinic can effectively reduce the severity of malocclusions. However, in order for this treatment to be cost effective when compared to a traditional fixed Phase I protocol it needs to demonstrate consistent clinical results and minimize the probability of “No Improvement”.

Introduction: Orthodontic and orthopedic expansion is necessary to create space to resolve crowding due to arch deficiency or tooth size discrepancy. The Invisalign First clear aligner appliance as a modality for early interceptive orthodontic treatment has become incorporated into orthodontic practices in very recent years. The present study aims to investigate the magnitude of expansion of the Invisalign First clear aligner appliance compared to a Schwartz removable expander in patients with mixed dentition. Additionally, the study aims to compare the efficacy and predictability of Invisalign First clear aligners in this population. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, a sample was collected from a single orthodontist practitioner. The sample consisted of 34 patients, 16 patients treated with Invisalign First clear aligners only (Group1) and 19 patients treated with a Schwartz removable appliance and Invisalign First clear aligners (Group 2). Intraoral scans of four timepoints, initial (T1), post-expansion for Group 2 only (T1Exp), first refinement (T2), and final (T3), and planned Clincheck goal (P) model from Clincheck software were imported to Align Technology’s digital measure program (Quantify©). Arch widths and molar inclinations were measured at each timepoint and the changes between timepoints were calculated. Predictability of arch expansion was calculated as T13 (change between initial and final) divided by the Planned dimension multiplied by one hundred. A two sample t-test was used to assess differences in the changes in arch widths and predictability of expansion between two groups. Results: There were statistically significant differences found in the magnitude of expansion and predictability of arch expansion between two groups. Group 2 showed a greater amount of expansion and predictability. Group 1 showed about 50-60% of the planned expansion at the end of treatment. In regards to magnitude of expansion when comparing the two groups, the efficacy predictability of transverse dimensional changes were significantly greater in the Group 2 compared to Group 1, 83% vs 56% (p = 0.001), respectively. The changes in inclination were similar in both groups, with no statistically significant differences.Conclusions: There is a significantly greater amount of expansion and greater predictability with the Schwartz removable appliance compared to the Invisalign First clear aligner appliance in the mixed dentition. The predictability of Invisalign First was 56% and indicates a significant overcorrection of arch expansion is required at the virtual treatment planning stage in Clincheck in order to obtain the arch expansion that was planned

Mål: Målet med arbetet var att undersöka varför vissa patienter har bättre compliance vid ortodontisk behandling än andra och vad som kan förbättra compliance. Detta för att möjliggöra utarbetningen av en framtida metod som skulle kunna upptäcka non-compliers innan behandlingsstart och därigenom kunna ge dem en mer effektiv behandling. Enskilda prediktorer för compliance och deras relativa påverkan på compliance undersöktes också.Metod: Artiklar samlades in via en sökning i databaserna PubMed och Cochrane med hjälp av MeSH-termer. Dessa lästes sedan igenom och för undersökningen relevanta artiklar togs fram med hjälp av exklusions- och inklusionskriterier.Resultat: Övervakning av patienters användning av sin apparatur med hjälp av timermodul ökar compliance över tiden. Lägre ålder på patienten samt dennes relation till sina föräldrar och deras engagemang i behandlingen påverkade compliance positivt, liksom kortare behandlingstid.Slutsats: Det går med nuvarande forskningsunderlag inte att förutsäga compliance på ett pålitligt sätt. Istället bör vårdgivaren fokusera på att skapa en god compliance genom att inleda behandlingen så tidigt så möjligt, att få patientens föräldrar att intressera sig för behandlingen och hjälpa barnet med den, samt att informera patienten att man övervakar användningstiden med hjälp utav inbyggda timers.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate why some patients have better compliance when in orthodontic treatment than others and which factors that can improve compliance. This would enable the development of a future model which could help dentists to detect non-compliers before the start of treatment, and thereby provide a more effective treatment. Specific predictors for compliance and their relative effect on compliance were also investigated.Method: Articles were collected by a search in PubMed and Cochrane, through the use of multiple MeSH-terms. The resulting articles were then read trough and relevant articles were extracted with the help of exclusion- and inclusion criteria.Results: Surveillance of the patients use of their appliances with the help of a timermodule increases compliance over time. Lower patient age and the patients relationship to their parents in concordance with the parents engagement in treatment affects compliance positively, as did shorter treatment time.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there are insufficient research results to predict compliance in a reliable way. Instead, the dentist should focus on creating a high compliance by starting treatment as early as possible; to get the patients parents invested in the treatment of their child, and inform the patient that his or her appliance usage is being monitored through built-in timers.

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Poor hygiene associated with the use of orthodontic appliances in children and adolescents may increase the occurrence of oral diseases associated to, such as caries and gingivitis, turning important the knowledge of the most effective, used and designated cleaning methods for these devices. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of use of removable orthodontic appliances, hygiene methods used by school children and prescribed by dentists of the city of Pelotas/RS, and evaluating variables associated with it. This study was conducted in the city of Pelotas in a sample of schoolchildren aged 13-19 years from 20 schools, 16 public and 4 private. Two questionnaires were conducted to determine some socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics associated with the use of braces and another to determine the cleaning methods indicated by dentists of the city. The questionnaire of children was performed in the schools and the dentists questionnaire was performed through telephone calls. Statistical analysis was descriptive and bivariate, through the Chi-square test, or Fisher Linear Trend, depending on the type of variable exhibitor, with a p-value <0.05 as statistically significant. The frequency of use in schools was 5.4%. Students (89.76%) and dentists (47.21%) reported brushing with toothpaste as the main method of cleaning. In conclusion, the method most widely used and recommended for acrylics hygiene appliances, prescribed by dentists and used by adolescents, was brushing with toothpaste
A higiene precária associada ao uso de aparelhos ortodônticos em crianças e adolescentes pode aumentar a ocorrência de enfermidades bucais como a cárie e doenças periodontais, tornando-se importante o conhecimento dos métodos mais efetivos, mais utilizados e indicados para higienização destes dispositivos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar a frequência de uso de aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis, os métodos de higiene utilizados por escolares e indicados por dentistas da cidade de Pelotas/RS, além de avaliar variáveis associadas com isso. Foi utilizada uma amostra de escolares de 13-19 anos, provenientes de 20 escolas, quatro privadas e 16 públicas. Foram realizados dois questionários para determinar algumas características sócio-demográficas e comportamentais associadas ao uso de aparelhos ortodônticos e outro para determinar os métodos de higiene indicados pelos cirurgiões-dentistas da cidade. O questionário dos estudantes foi realizado nas escolas e o dos dentistas através de ligações telefônicas. A análise estatística foi através de análise descritiva e através de associações com os testes: Qui-Quadrado (X2) de Pearson ou Tendência linear, conforme o tipo de variável expositora, com um valor p<0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. A frequência de uso nas escolas foi de 5,4%. Os estudantes (89,76%) e dentistas (47,21%) relataram, como método de limpeza, escovação com creme dental. Em conclusão, o método mais usado e mais recomendado para higiene de aparelhos acrílicos prescrito por dentistas e usado por adolescentes foi escovação com creme dental

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
In 2004 and again in 2009, the Cochrane collaboration reviewed orthodontic clinical practice on retention. The review found; “there are insufficient data on which to base our clinical practice on retention at present”. The Aims of this study were two; the first was to review the effectiveness, durability and dental health impacts of bonded retainers (BRs) that have been in place for more than 15 years. The second was to discover the opinions of dentists and patients on comparing BRs to removable retainers (RRs). Method This was a 15 year retrospective study which reviewed 61 patients who had undergone conventional fixed appliance treatment with the chief researcher (CR) prior to 1993. Study sample size calculations required 44 BR study group and 44 RR control group patients for a valid analysis. Overall, 46 patients had experience with 55 BRs and 43 had experience with 55 RRs; 28 patients had worn both a BR and a RR at the same time and were thereby included as paired observations in both groups. All 61 participants completed a specifically designed questionnaire relative to their orthodontic treatment experience. They also underwent a clinical examination, had a series of intra-oral and extra-oral digital images and an OPG radiograph taken. Seventy one dentists who had referred patients to the CR over the previous 25 years were sent a confidential questionnaire; to be completed anonymously for their opinions on RRs and BRs. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS V16 (2008) and statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level. A Newcastle University statistician worked with the CR in analysing the results and compared them with those of four independent specialist examiners using Bland- Altman plots and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SCC) analyses. Results The CR’s measures were found to be reliable and valid. After 15 years, the BRs were 100% effective at maintaining acceptable alignment while 53% of the control group had unacceptable alignment. The BRs had a unit composite bond/wire fracture rate of 0.58% per annum. The BRs did not produce any clinically significant negative dental health impacts. The majority of patients and dentists rated BRs as superior to RRs. Conclusions After 15 years, BRs were found to be adequately durable, effective at stabilising the anterior dentition and they did not produce adverse dental health effects. The majority of patients felt BRs improved their quality of life.

Aims: To compare the initial discomfort between the two orthodontic methods, with pain measurements, control of the frequency of taking analgesics, and changes in daily routine. Materials and methods: The article searches were mainly carried out on the Pubmed and ResearchGate websites, using the following keywords: "invisalign", "fixed appliance", "pain", "analgesics", "discomfort", "impact on daily performance", in addition to an in-depth study of the bibliographies. Results: Eight studies were deemes relevant to our work. Conclusion: With a lower certainty, the pain in patients using aligners seems to be less intense than in patients with fixed applainces and the use of analgesic is therefore more important for the fixed group. These two parameters follow a gradual decrease during the first week of treatment. Chewing, speaking and general activity can be affected by the treatment.
Objetivos: Comparar o desconforto inicial entre os dois métodos ortodônticos, com medições da dor, controlo da frequência da toma de analgésicos e alterações da rotina diária. Materiais e métodos: As pesquisas de artigos foram realizadas principalmente nos sites Pubmed e ResearchGate, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: "invisalign", "aparelho fixo", "dor", "analgésicos", "desconforto", "impacto no desempenho diário", para além de um estudo aprofundado das bibliografias. Resultados: Oito estudos foram considerados relevantes para o nosso trabalho. Conclusão: Com uma certeza menor, a dor nos pacientes que utilizam alinhadores parece ser menos intensa do que nos pacientes com maçãs fixas, pelo que a utilização de analgésicos é mais importante para o grupo fixo. Estes dois parâmetros seguem uma diminuição gradual durante a primeira semana de tratamento. A mastigação, a fala e a actividade geral podem ser afectadas pelo tratamento.

Objective: To assess in orthodontic treatment the distalization of uppers molars with invisalign Materials and methods: A literature review was carried out through articles and journals retrieved from the “PubMed" data base using the following keywords "orthodontic treatment", "tooth movement technique", "aligner appliances", "invisalign", "removable orthodontic appliance” “clear aligners”. Several articles were pre-selected, of which 24 were used to compose write this document. Discussion: Clear aligner as an orthodontics treatment during the distalization purposes has been a controversial topic due to its complexity and lees studies. In This paper provides a deeper knowledge of the distalization in upper molars under invisalign treatment enable and helping professionals to make the right decision when planning orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The Upper Molars Distalization with clear aligner could be effective, being able to reach up to 3mm of movement; however, is very important for the clinician to develop a thorough knowledge of the current Align Protocol and to acquire sufficient Invisalign experience before attempting the complex movements required for successful completion of these types of cases.

This is the age of plastics. They possess several applications in day-to-day life. In Dental Medicine, thermoplastics have risen to overtake orthodontics, and share new light in this specific area of expertise. The aim of this paper is to compare, differentiate, and indicate the best use regarding different thermoplastics. A bibliographic search was performed in order to collect the literature required to achieve a Narrative Review with merit and impertinent to the scientific community. Investigation articles within the theme of thermoplastics were chosen, likewise other relevant literature to the investigation. Nowadays, the commercialization of clear aligners and its worldwide usage is a manifestation of the evolving market and the quality of the thermoplastic materials involved in the process. Further investigation is fundamental to understand, to improve and achieve the perfect material for movement performed by removable orthodontic appliances.
Esta é a era dos plásticos. Estes possuem diversas aplicações no dia-a-dia. Na Medicina Dentária, os termoplásticos surgiram para renovar a prática clínica de Ortodontia e partilhar uma nova luz nesta área específica de atuação. O objetivo deste artigo é comparar, diferenciar e indicar o melhor uso em relação aos diferentes termoplásticos. Foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com o objetivo de reunir a literatura necessária para a realização de uma Revisão Narrativa com mérito e pertinência para a comunidade científica. Foram escolhidos artigos de investigação dentro da temática dos termoplásticos, bem como outras literaturas relevantes para o tema. Atualmente, a comercialização de alinhadores e o seu uso mundial é uma manifestação do mercado em evolução e da qualidade dos materiais envolvidos no processo. Uma investigação mais aprofundada é fundamental para entender, melhorar e alcançar o material ideal para a movimentação dentária realizada por aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis.

Os sistemas de alinhadores surgiram como uma das opções possíveis para o tratamento ortodôntico de pacientes mais exigentes no que concerne à estética. Graças ao desenvolvimento destes dispositivos e uma maior procura por parte dos pacientes, os tratamentos com alinhadores têm evoluído significativamente com o objetivo de atingir resultados semelhantes aos obtidos com os tratamentos convencionais com brackets, particularmente em casos mais complexos em adultos e adolescentes. O objetivo deste trabalho, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, é comparar tratamentos ortodônticos com aparatologia fixa (brackets) com os realizados com dispositivos removíveis (alinhadores).
The aligners system have emerged as one of the possible options for orthodontic treatment of more demanding patients with concerns to aesthetics. With the development of these appliances and increased patient demand, treatments with aligners have significantly evolved with the goal of achieving similar results to those obtained with the conventional bracket treatments, particularly in more complex cases in adults and adolescents. The aim of this paper, through a bibliographical review, is to compare orthodontic treatments with fixed appliances (brackets) with removable appliances (aligners).

Introdução: O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi investigar a frequência e a gravidade da reabsorção radicular externa nos casos tratados com aparelhos ortodônticos fixos e nos casos tratados com aparelhos ortodônticos removíveis, do tipo de alinhadores transparentes. Materiais e métodos: A pesquisa da literatura foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE (via PubMed), B-on, LILACS (via BVS) e VHL (via BVS), seguindo a estratégia de pesquisa PICOS para definir os critérios de inclusão e critérios de exclusão. Resultados: Na maioria dos estudos confirma-se que o grau de reabsorção radicular é de ligeira a moderada após o tratamento ortodôntico, tanto com os aparelhos fixos convencionais como com os alinhadores, e foi possível ver em cada um dos estudos que os incisivos superiores foram frequentemente afetados. Conclusão: Esta revisão sugere que a frequência e a gravidade de reabsorção radicular apical são maiores nos pacientes tratados com aparelhos fixos convencionais comparado com os alinhadores.
Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the external root resorption by severity and frequency when using fixed orthodontic appliance and when using removable orthodontic appliance known as clear aligners. Methods: The literature search was made through MEDLINE (via PubMed), B-on, LILACS (via BVS) and VHL (via BVS) databases, following the PICOS search strategy to define the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Results: In most studies, it is confirmed that the degree of apical root resorption is mild to moderate after orthodontic treatment, with both conventional fixed appliances and aligners, and it was possible to see in each of the studies that the upper incisors were frequently affected. Conclusion: This review suggests that the frequency and severity of apical root resorption is higher in patients treated with conventional fixed appliances compared to aligners.

Os educadores funcionais pré-fabricados permitem não só reabilitar a função como também corrigir más oclusões. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão sobre o interesse dos educadores funcionais pré-fabricados no tratamento das Classe II divisão 1. Neste contexto foi efetuada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas seguintes bases de dados: PUBMED, B-ON, Elsevier, Researchgate e Google scholar utilizando como palavras-chave: “má oclusão classe II”, “tratamento classe II”, “aparelho funcional ortodôntico”, “educador”, “aparelho ortodôntico removível”, “aparelho miofuncional”, “educador funcional pré-fabricado”, em diferentes associações com recurso ao marcador boleano AND. Dos artigos encontrados através das bases de dados foram incluídos neste trabalho estudos abordado o tratamento da Classe II divisão 1 na dentição decídua e mista com educadores funcionais prefabricados, não tendo sido imposto qualquer limite temporal ou linguístico. O uso de educadores funcionais pré-fabricados parece ser benéfico nos tratamentos interceptivos em Classe II divisão 1. Contudo, seriam necessários estudos com critérios rigorosos para que a eficácia dos tratamentos com este tipo de dispositivos estivesse assente em adequada evidência científica.
Functional prefabricated appliance allow not only to rehabilitate the function but also to correct malocclusions. The purpose of this paper is to review the interest of functional prefabricated appliance in the treatment of Class II division 1. In this context the bibliographic research was carried out in the following databases: PUBMED, B-ON, Elsevier, Researchgate and Google Scholar using as keywords: “malocclusion class II”, “class II treatment”, “orthodontic functional appliance”, “trainer”, “removable orthodontic appliance”, “myofunctional appliance”, “prefabricated functional appliance”, in different associations using the Boolean marker AND. From the articles found through the databases we included in this study studies articles addressed to treatment of Class II division 1 in the deciduous and mixed dentition with functional educators prefabricated, and no temporal or linguistic limit was imposed. The use of prefabricated functional educators seems to be beneficial in interceptive treatments in Class II division 1. However, studies with strict criteria would be necessary so that the efficacy of the treatments with this type of devices was based on adequate scientific evidence.