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Journal articles on the topic 'Removed'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Wilker, Icaro, Mariana A. Rabelo, Marina A. Angotti, and Carla R. Ribas. "Ant species that remove diaspores alone are more efficient removers." Sociobiology 69, no. 3 (2022): e8308. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8308.

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Secondary diaspore removal on the ground is an important ecosystem process. In this process, solitary foraging ants with larger body sizes are more efficient because they may remove more diaspores, faster and carry them at greater distances. Therefore, we sought to test the effects of the sizes of the morphological traits of ants, removal strategy, and nest distance on secondary diaspore removal, testing hypotheses related to the efficiency of this process. We evaluated the removal of artificial diaspores by ants in 15 areas of Cerrado sensu stricto (tropical savanna), collecting data on diasp

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Maeda, Ichiro, and Takehiko Tsuruta. "Microbial Gold Biosortion and Biomineralization from Aqueous HAuCl4 Solution." Minerals 10, no. 3 (2020): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030285.

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The removal of gold (III) from aqueous systems using biosorption and biomineralization by microbial cells was investigated. High levels of gold (III) were removed from a hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) solution for 72 h by microbial species, including bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Previously, we reported that the amounts of gold (III) removed through biosorption by gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and yeasts was lower than that by gram-negative bacteria. Candida krusei was able to remove large amounts of gold (III) through biosorption and biomineralization. Interestingly, more gold was removed by

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Kingston, D., D. Bopf, U. Dhanjee, and A. McLean. "Evaluation of a two rubber band technique for finger ring removal." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 5 (2016): 300–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0119.

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Introduction Rings are required to be removed from a finger in many clinical situations. Rings that are difficult to remove is a problem encountered frequently. Many techniques have been reported for this problem. This study looks at the effectiveness of a single technique for removing difficult rings from fingers. Methods A two rubber band technique was used in this study of 69 difficult to remove rings. Success of the technique and time to removal were recorded. Results Difficult rings were removed in 92.5% of cases, in a mean time of 10.7 seconds. No fingers or rings suffered damage during

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Kim, B. U., C. H. Won, and J. M. Rim. "Combined UASB reactor and DAF/BF/anoxic/aerobic process for the removal of high-concentration organic matter and nutrients from slurry-type swine waste." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (2004): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0754.

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This research aimed to effectively remove high-concentration organic matter and nutrients from slurry-type swine waste using a combined upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor with the dissolved air flotation/aerobic submerged biofilm/anoxic/aerobic process. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was operated at an organics volumetric loading rate of 3.2Ð6.1 kg COD/m3/day, and the removal rates of COD were 53.9-65.5%. The removal rate of COD of the overall process was more than 99%. In the aerobic submerged biofilm, over 95% of ammonium nitrogen was removed at a volumetric loading rate of

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Lulich, Jody P., Carl A. Osborne, Melanie Carlson, et al. "Nonsurgical removal of urocystoliths in dogs and cats by voiding urohydropropulsion." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 203, no. 5 (1993): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1993.203.05.660.

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Summary A technique called voiding urohydropropulsion has been developed that facilitates nonsurgical removal of urocystoliths. Voiding urohydropropulsion was performed in 11 dogs and 10 cats with urocystoliths. Urocystoliths were completely removed from 15 of 21 animals (5 female dogs, 3 male dogs, 5 female cats, and 1 male cat). The number of uroliths removed from any animal varied between 1 and 983. The mean time required to complete voiding urohydropropulsion in the 15 animals from which all uroliths were completely removed was 22 minutes. In 6 animals (2 female dogs, 3 female cats, and 1

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Cárdenas González, Juan F., Adriana S. Rodríguez Pérez, Juan M. Vargas Morales, et al. "Bioremoval of Cobalt(II) from Aqueous Solution by Three Different and Resistant Fungal Biomasses." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2019 (April 17, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8757149.

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The biosorption of Co(II) on three fungal biomasses: Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus niger, was studied in this work. The fungal biomass of Paecilomyces sp. showed the best results, since it removes 93% at 24 h of incubation, while the biomasses of Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger are less efficient, since they remove the metal 77.5% and 70%, respectively, in the same time of incubation, with an optimum pH of removal for the three analyzed biomasses of 5.0 ± 0.2 at 28°C. Regarding the temperature of incubation, the most efficient biomass was that of Paecilomyces sp., si

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Removed. "Removed." Removed Removed, Removed (2017): Removed. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809193.

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Removed. "Removed." Removed Removed, Removed (2017): Removed. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.891185.

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Removed. "Removed." Removed Removed, Removed (2017): Removed. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1066238.

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10

Singer, P. C., and L. Liang. "Coagulation of natural organic material: effects on speciation of halogenated disinfection by-products." Water Supply 4, no. 4 (2004): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0084.

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A recent paper by Liang and Singer showed that haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors were removed by coagulation to a greater degree than trihalomethane (THM) precursors. Furthermore, they showed that coagulation generally removed more trihaloacetic acid precursors than THM precursors but removed dihaloacetic acid precursors and THM precursors to a similar degree. The objectives of this current study were to compare the findings by Liang and Singer to those of three other investigations conducted in the senior author's laboratory to demonstrate the extent to which coagulation removes THM and HAA pr

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Hota, Sasmita, Manoranjan Mishra, and Upendra Prasad Tripathy. "Removal of nitrate from contaminated water of river Rushikulya using natural adsorbent." Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal 7, no. 02 (2024): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v7.i02.317.

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Nitrate contamination of surface water through different human activities is an alarming issue for Human sound health survivorship. So, we have attempted to estimate and remove nitrate contamination levels in water samples, collected from the Rushikulya River in Odisha, India. A detailed study is done on the impact of nitrate contamination in various aspects and their removal is absorbed through an experimental composite adsorbent that is prepared taking rice husk dust and Bagasse waste from corn (Argo-based waste product) with different proportions of each. The nitrate absorbance was analyzed

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Deng, Shifeng, Qinxin Zhao, Teng Qu, Ning Wang, and Huaishuang Shao. "Removal pattern of particulate matter from condensing heat exchanger after wet desulfurization of coal-fired unit." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230422151d.

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The flue gas after wet desulfurization of coal-fired units still contains a large amount of particulate matter. Flue gas condensing heat exchangers are often used to further remove particulate matter. However, current research focuses on the overall removal effect of the heat exchangers, but ignores the difference of pollutant removal ability of the inner tube bundle along the flue gas flow direction. This paper studied the correlation between pollutant removal and operating parameters of condensation heat exchanger, so as to make the removed amount of pollutants as large as possible. A field

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Mi, Jie, and Rui Di Wei. "Microwave Applied in Coal Desulfurization Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2122.

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In this paper, the desulfurization of Fangshan coal was carried out by tetrachloroethylene extraction under ultrasonic and microwave irradiation. The GC-MS analysis of the tetrachloroethylene extraction reveals that organic sulfur in coal can be removed by tetrachloroethylene extract under ultrasonic and microwave irradiation. It is found that microwave irradiation time has great effect on organic sulfur removal. With the microwave irradiation time increases, the efficiency of organic sulfur removal increases. The desulphurization yield reaches maximum, 45%, when the time is 30 minutes or more

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Whyte, W., T. Shields, and T. Prvan. "Cleanroom Mats: An Investigation of Particle Removal." Journal of the IEST 39, no. 4 (1996): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.39.4.b1034108q1x4712v.

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The variables that influence the particle removal efficiency of cleanroom mats were investigated. The removal efficiency was generally found to be greater if the mat was of a softer type, the particles smaller, the particle size distribution more homogeneous, the distance between the particles greater, and the adhesive strength of the mat surface greater. One application of a mat surface was sufficient to remove a low concentration of similarly sized particles from a surface but it could require up to four mat surfaces to remove a high concentration of heterogeneously sized particles. It was f

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Mouri, Mitsuo, and Chiaki Niwa. "Pilot Plant Studies on Filtration of Raw Sewage Using Floating Filter Media and Multiple Filter Column Inlets." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 7 (1993): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0155.

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The characteristics and performance of solid-liquid separation of raw sewage using floating media and multiple inlets were studied using pilot-scale equipment. Particles over 7 µm, representing approximately 80% of SS and 50% of BOD in raw sewage were efficiently removed. Smaller particles and soluble components, comprising a large part of total BOD, were difficult to remove by filtration. The maximum SS removal ratio (SSRR) and SS quantity removed per unit filter surface (SSR) was achieved using a medium size of 5.5 mm and a filtration rate of 150 µm/d. Inlet switching to a lower position sig

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Brooks, Rich. "“IC Packaging Trends Causing Concerns in Complete Flux Removal”." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (2011): 000971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha3-paper3.

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The complete cleaning and removal of flux / soil residues under low profile components (especially flip-chip devices) are becoming more critical, especially as the conductor spacing’s decreases and the power increases. The reliability of the circuit can be greatly affected when residues are not completely removed. Flip chip bump pitch and die size push packaging trends resulting in tighter and smaller spaces underneath the devices. A majority of flip-chip assemblers are using water soluble fluxes and they typically use only DI water to remove the flux residues. Because of the tighter spaces an

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SUDSIRI, Chadapust J., Nattawat JUMPA, and Raymond J. RITCHIE. "Magnetically treated water for removal of surface contamination by Malathion on Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea L.)." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0298371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298371.

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Malathion® is a persistent organophosphate pesticide used against biting and chewing insects on vegetables. It is a difficult-to-remove surface contaminant of vegetables and contaminates surface and ground water and soils. Malathion® is only partially water soluble, but use of detergent carriers makes adhering Malathion® residues difficult to subsequently remove. Magnetically treated water (MTW) successfully removed Malathion® from Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea L.), meeting Maximum Residue Load (MRL) standards. Samples were soaked in MTW for 30 min prior to detection with GC/MS/MS, 98.5±3.02

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Zhong, Yongjun, and Haiyang Xia. "Characterization of the Nitrogen Removal Potential of Two Newly Isolated Acinetobacter Strains under Low Temperature." Water 15, no. 16 (2023): 2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15162990.

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Excess nitrogen and phosphorus in the water causes several ecological problems for nutrients. Biological nitrogen removal is an economical and efficient way to prevent excessive nitrogen in the environment. For most areas of China, temperatures are usually lower than 20 °C except during the summertime. It is necessary to discover microbes that can efficiently remove nitrogen at low temperatures. In this study, two Acinetobacter strains were isolated from a sample in a wastewater tank in Taizhou for their capabilities to remove NO3−–N and NO2−–N at 15 °C. Heterotrophic nitrification experiments

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Ioanidis, Khrystyna, and Brian Rotenberg. "A needle in a haystack: Endoscopic removal of a foreign body from the infratemporal fossa." Allergy & Rhinology 9 (January 2018): 215265671876414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2152656718764142.

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Background This report presented the case of a difficult-to-remove needle foreign body. The patient had a dental procedure in which a 30-gauge needle was lost in the gingival buccal sulcus. Several attempts at removal were unsuccessful. The patient presented to the otolaryngology clinic with trismus, pain with mastication, intermittent right otalgia, and numbness of the right cheek. Methods The needle was finally localized in the infratemporal fossa and removed by using image guidance technology. Results This case demonstrated an approach to a difficult-to-locate foreign body removal and the i

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Chauhdary, Yusra, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Umer Rashid, et al. "Effective Removal of Reactive and Direct Dyes from Colored Wastewater Using Low-Cost Novel Bentonite Nanocomposites." Water 14, no. 22 (2022): 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223604.

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The present study was aimed to remove direct violet-51, reactive green-5, reactive red, and acid red dyes by novel bentonite clay nanocomposites prepared using sodium metasilicate and potassium ferricyanide. The effect of temperature, pH, adsorbent amount, contact time, and initial concentration were studied to optimize the removal process. Various adsorption isotherms (Temkin, Freundlich isotherm, Langmuir isotherm, Harkin Jura, and Dubinin Radushkevich models) and kinetic models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) were applied to adsorption data to find out the best fit model, i.e.,

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Botoman, Lester, Elvis Shukla, Erni Johan, Satoshi Mitsunobu, and Naoto Matsue. "Sorbent-embedded sheets for safe drinking water in developing countries: a case study of lead(II) removal by a zeolite-embedded sheet." Journal of Water and Health 16, no. 1 (2017): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.160.

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Abstract Although many kinds of materials for water purification are known, easy-to-use methods that ensure the safety of drinking water for rural populations are not sufficiently available. Sorbent-embedded sheets provide methods for the easy removal of contaminants from drinking water in the home. As an example of such a sorbent-embedded sheet, we prepared a Linde type A (LTA) zeolite-embedded sheet (ZES) and examined its Pb(II) removal behaviour. Different amounts of LTA were added either as powder or as ZES to 0.3 mM Pb(NO3)2 solutions containing 2.5 mM Ca(NO3)2, in which the ratio of the

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Nakajima, T., H. Takanashi, T. Tominaga, K. Yamada, and A. Ohki. "Removal of arsenic and selenium compounds from aqueous media by using TiO2 photocatalytic reaction." Water Supply 12, no. 1 (2012): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.090.

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A new method for the removal of arsenite [As(III)] and selenate [Se(VI)], which are difficult to remove by conventional water treatment methods from aqueous media, was investigated. This method involves the use of photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) and photocatalytic reduction of Se(VI). Also, a novel TiO2–adsorbent hybrid (HYB) which has photocatalyst sites and adsorbent sites on the same particle was developed. When the removal of As(III) by use of photocatalyst–adsorbent system and the HYB system was carried out, As(III) was effectively removed from aqueous phase. Moreover, with the remova

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Xu, Youze, Zhenyu Zhong, Xianhui Zeng, Yuanyuan Zhao, Wenting Deng, and Yuehui Chen. "Novel Materials for Heavy Metal Removal in Capacitive Deionization." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 5635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095635.

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Heavy metals are considered a class of contaminant that can accumulate in the food chain and thus must be removed from contaminated media. Heavy metals can be removed by electrocoagulation, electroflotation, electrodialysis, capacitive deionization, and so on. Among the methods to remove heavy metals, capacitive deionization is one of the most attractive methods that can remove heavy metal ions without using a large volume of chemicals and producing a high number of heavy metals containing solid wastes. In this study, after a brief introduction to the mechanism of capacitive deionization, we f

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Blunt, Tamla, Tony Koski, and Ned Tisserat. "Effect of Snow Removal on Typhula Blight Development at High Elevation Golf Courses in Colorado." Plant Health Progress 14, no. 1 (2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2013-0821-02-rs.

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Golf course superintendents at high elevations in Colorado apply fungicides in late October before permanent snow cover to suppress Typhula blight development. Many remove snow from putting greens in late winter or early spring assuming this practice helps suppress Typhula blight late into the snow season. They also remove snow to prevent ice formation and freeze damage to turfgrass during snowmelt. However, the benefits of spring snow removal in disease suppression and freeze avoidance have not been demonstrated in Colorado. We compared Typhula blight severity and turfgrass health in Kentucky

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Martín-Lara, María Ángeles, Mónica Calero de Hoces, Alicia Ronda Gálvez, Antonio Pérez Muñoz, and Mª Carmen Trujillo Miranda. "Assessment of the removal mechanism of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by olive stone." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 11 (2016): 2680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.081.

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The objectives of this study were to study the removal mechanism of Cr(VI) by natural olive stone (OS) and to present a sequential-batch process for the removal of total chromium (original Cr(VI) and Cr(III) derived from reduction of Cr(VI) during biosorption at acidic conditions). First, experiments were conducted varying pH from 1 to 4, and showed that a combined effect of biosorption and reduction is involved in the Cr(VI) removal. Then, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and desorption tests were employed to verify the oxidation state of the chromium bound to OS and to elucidate the removal

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Murray, Audrey, and Banu Örmeci. "Removal Effectiveness of Nanoplastics (<400 nm) with Separation Processes Used for Water and Wastewater Treatment." Water 12, no. 3 (2020): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030635.

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Microplastics and nanoplastics are abundant in the environment, and the fate and impact of nanoplastics are of particular interest because of their small size. Wastewater treatment plants are a sink for nanoplastics, and large quantities of nanoplastics are discharged into surface waters through wastewater as well as stormwater effluents. There is a need to understand the fate and removal of nanoplastics during water, wastewater, and stormwater treatment, and this study investigated their removal on a bench-scale using synthesized nanoplastics (<400 nm) to allow controlled experiments. Plas

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Choe, Hyun-Seok, Ki Yong Kim, Jeong-Eun Oh, and Jae-Hyuk Kim. "Parallel study on removal efficiency of pharmaceuticals and PFASs in advanced water treatment processes: Ozonation, GAC adsorption, and RO processes." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 1 (2020): 200509–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.509.

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We aimed to assess the removal efficiencies of four pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, crotamiton, metformin, and sulfamethoxazole) and four poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (PFHxA, PFHxS, PFOA, and PFOS) by lab-scale ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane processes under varying operating conditions. Ozonation and GAC adsorption processes were conducted at two temperatures (5 and 25°C) and three pH conditions (3, 7, and 11). The membrane process was performed using an unstirred cell with two different RO membranes. The most pharmaceuti

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Chakraborty, Amit, Fernando Albericio, and Beatriz G. de la Torre. "On-Resin Acetamidomethyl (Acm) Removal and Disulfide Formation in Cysteinyl Peptides Using N-Chlorosuccinimide (NCS) in the Presence of Other Cys-Protecting Groups." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 6 (2025): 2523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062523.

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Acetamidomethyl (Acm)-protected cysteine derivatives are essential components of multi-disulfide synthesis, particularly due to the availability of multimodal removal conditions for Acm protection. Most of these removal conditions are harsh and are commonly used to remove Acm protection at the last step of regioselective synthesis of a multi-disulfide, implying that the removal of Acm is performed in the absence of other Cys thiol protections. In this context, N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS)-mediated removal of Acm and concomitant disulfide bridge formation provides a fast and reliable way to synthe

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Van Ginkel, Steven W., Ziming Yang, Bi-o. Kim, Mark Sholin, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Effect of pH on nitrate and selenate reduction in flue gas desulfurization brine using the H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR)." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 12 (2011): 2923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.438.

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Increased tightening of air regulations is leading more electric utilities to install flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. These systems produce brine containing high concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and selenate which must be removed before discharge. The H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) was shown to consistently remove nitrate, nitrite, and selenate at high efficiencies. The maximum selenate removal flux reached 362 mg Se m−2d−1 and was higher than that observed in earlier research, which shows continual improvement of the biofilm for selenate reduction. A low pH of 6.8 inhibit

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Yamada, Arisa, Akihiro Matsui, and Hideyuki Tsuji. "Removal of phenol from saline water by polyamine chelating resin." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 8 (2013): 1819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.411.

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Removal of phenol from saline water was carried out with chelating resin. A polyamine chelating resin, Diaion CR-20, removed phenol compounds selectively from industrial wastewater containing 2% salt. From saline water containing 20 mg/L phenol, 70% of the phenol was removed. After treatment, phenol was eluted from the resin by aqueous NaOH, and the resin could also be regenerated by heating in air. Diaion CR-20 adsorbed phenol even in the presence of FeCl3, indicating that treatment with this resin of wastewater containing metal can remove phenol and metal cations in a single step.

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Gonzalez, Javier M., Chad J. Penn, and Stan J. Livingston. "Utilization of Steel Slag in Blind Inlets for Dissolved Phosphorus Removal." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061593.

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Blind inlets are implemented to promote obstruction-free surface drainage of field depressions as an alternative to tile risers for the removal of sediment and particulate phosphorus (P) through an aggregate bed. However, conventional limestone used in blind inlets does not remove dissolved P, which is a stronger eutrophication agent than particulate P. Steel slag has been suggested as an alternative to limestone in blind inlets for removing dissolved P. The objectives of this study were to construct a blind inlet with steel slag and evaluate its ability to remove dissolved P, nitrogen (N), an

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Fernández, David, Julio Abalde, and Enrique Torres. "Removal of the Antibiotic Amoxicillin from Polluted Freshwater by Biosorption Using the Living Biomass of the Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Toxics 13, no. 7 (2025): 520. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13070520.

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The environment is undergoing a constant incorporation of new pollutants, which must be eliminated to avoid toxicity problems. Amoxicillin (AMX) is a widely used antibiotic today, and for this reason, it reaches natural media with the consequent environmental risk. Biosorption is an effective and environmentally friendly solution which can be used for the removal of AMX. In the present study, the properties of the living biomass of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were studied to determine the capacity of this biomass to remove AMX. This biomass has demonstrated to have good qualities t

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Margot, Jonas, Samuel Lochmatter, D. A. Barry, and Christof Holliger. "Role of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in micropollutant removal from wastewater with aerobic granular sludge." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 3 (2015): 564–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.514.

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Nitrifying wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are more efficient than non-nitrifying WWTPs to remove several micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. This may be related to the activity of nitrifying organisms, such as ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs), which could possibly co-metabolically oxidize micropollutants with their ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). The role of AOBs in micropollutant removal was investigated with aerobic granular sludge (AGS), a promising technology for municipal WWTPs. Two identical laboratory-scale AGS sequencing batch reactors (AGS-SBRs) were operated wi

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Wei, Kui Xian, Wen Hui Ma, Yang Zhou, et al. "Impact of Impurities in Metallurgical Grade Silicon on Removal Efficiency of Vacuum Evaporation." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1521.

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Vacuum evaporation is usually utilized to remove volatile impurities in metallurgical grade silicon to prepare solar grade silicon by metallurgical routes. Especially phosphorus needs to be removed by vacuum evaporation. And the removal efficiency of impurities strongly influenced the quality and performance of products. In this paper, the removal efficiency of impurities is studied by using different raw material. The results indicated that the content of impurities in raw material had deep effect on the removal efficiency of vacuum evaporation. The high quality product can be obtained by vac

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Hidayah, Euis Nurul, Yung-Chen Chou, and Hsuan-Hsien Yeh. "Using HPSEC to identify NOM fraction removal and the correlation with disinfection by-product precursors." Water Supply 16, no. 2 (2015): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.139.

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In this study high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was used to compare an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and alum coagulation for their capacity to remove different fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) from water. At the same time, the removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, as measured by trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP), was also detected. The results show that the UF membrane mainly removed the aliphatic biopolymer fraction, while alum coagulation mainly removed the humic substances fraction. The re

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Gao, Yanjiao, and Shujie Li. "Optimization of multiple fillers used for removal of water pollutants of large well near the river in northern China." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 2 (2019): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.014.

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Abstract In this paper, chromium (Cr(VI)), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia nitrogen in synthetically polluted well water were treated in three columns packed with different fillers to compare treatment effects. The concentrations of Cr(VI), COD, and ammonia nitrogen were used to investigate processing efficiency and find the most efficient column and fillers. Several effective fillers were scanned by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) to discover the removing mechanism. Results showed No.1 column with iron powder, activated carbon, and arti

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Hansen, Henrik K., Claudia Gutiérrez, Jorge Leiva Gonzalez, et al. "Combined Electrodialysis and Electrocoagulation as Treatment for Industrial Wastewater Containing Arsenic and Copper." Membranes 13, no. 3 (2023): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030264.

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In copper smelting processes, acidic effluents are generated that contain inorganic contaminants such as arsenic and copper. Nowadays, the treatment of wastewater is done by physicochemical methods without copper recovery. Electrodialysis is an alternative process that can recover copper. Moreover, when electrocoagulation is applied to remove arsenic from wastewater, a more stable final sludge of less volume is obtained. The present research studies the application of a combined electrodialysis and electrocoagulation process to (1) recover Cu and (2) precipitate and remove arsenic simultaneous

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Arias, C. A., H. Brix, and N. H. Johansen. "Phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater in an experimental two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland system equipped with a calcite filter." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 5 (2003): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0279.

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Laboratory studies have indicated that calcite may be used in separate, exchangeable filter units in constructed wetland systems to remove phosphorus. Based on these studies we built a full-scale experimental constructed wetland with a calcite-based filter unit to study its performance, under real-life conditions. The system consists of a 2-m3 sedimentation tank and two vertical flow constructed wetlands. The system has three 0.09 m3 calcite filter-units to study phosphorus removal. The hydraulic loading rate varied between 1.7 and 6.2 m3/d. The residence time in filters ranged from 28 to 99 m

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Gu, A. Z., L. Liu, J. B. Neethling, H. D. Stensel, and S. Murthy. "Treatability and fate of various phosphorus fractions in different wastewater treatment processes." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 4 (2011): 804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.312.

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The increasingly more stringent phosphorus (P) discharge limits, which are below the concentrations reliably achievable with currently available technologies, demand for better understanding of phosphorus removal mechanisms. This study investigated the compositional fractions of phosphorus (P) in various effluents as well as the efficacy of different levels of treatment processes for removing different fractions of P in wastewater. The results showed that BNR can effectively remove most fractions of P, with relatively higher efficiencies (&gt;93%) towards bioavailable forms of P including

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Gupta, Gaurav Kumar, Atul Gawande, Deepak Sharma, and Sandeep Nijhawan. "A Baby Feeding Nipple: Simple, Cost effective, and Safe Technique for Removal of Denture." Journal of Digestive Endoscopy 10, no. 02 (2019): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693216.

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Abstract Introduction: Denture ingestion occurs commonly in the elderly and frequently impacted in the esophagus due to the sharp edges. This can lead to serious complications such as perforation. We are describing here a simple, cost effective and safe technique for removal of dentures. Material and methods: We used a handmade hood protector made from baby feeding nipple with rat-toothed forceps to safely remove ingested denture in two middle aged patients. Both patients had subcutaneous emphysema. Results: Dentures were removed successfully in both patients. Following denture removal, endosc

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LINE, J. E., and R. E. BRACKETT. "Factors Affecting Aflatoxin B1 Removal by Flavobacterium aurantiacum." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 1 (1995): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.1.91.

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This study was conducted to investigate several factors affecting the removal of aflatoxin B1 by Flavobacterium aurantiacum NRRL B-184. A simple spectrophotometric procedure was evaluated and compared to an established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and found to be useful for determining aflatoxin concentration in test solutions of phosphate buffer. Using the spectrophotometric method, 72-h cultures of F. aurantiacum were observed to remove more toxin from solution than 24-h cultures. Likewise, populations of 1010cells removed aflatoxin at a faster rate than did 109 cells

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Jagadish, K., B. N. Chandrashekar, K. Byrappa, K. S. Rangappa, and S. Srikantaswamy. "Simultaneous removal of dye and heavy metals in a single step reaction using PVA/MWCNT composites." Analytical Methods 8, no. 11 (2016): 2408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay00229c.

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PVA/MWCNT composites are prepared by a simple ultrasonication method and used for the removal of methyl red dye and heavy metals. The methyl red dye formed hydrogen bonds with PVA polymers; simultaneously, the heavy metals are removed. The composites were found to be effective materials to remove the dye and heavy metals.

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Mishima, I., M. Hama, Y. Tabata, and J. Nakajima. "Long-term investigation of phosphorus removal by iron electrocoagulation in small-scale wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 6 (2018): 1304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.402.

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Abstract Small-scale wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), called Johkasou, are widely used as decentralized and individual wastewater treatment systems in sparsely populated areas in Japan. Even in SWTPs, nutrients should be removed to control eutrophication. An iron electrolysis method is effective to remove phosphorus chemically in SWTPs. However, it is necessary to determine the precise conditions under which phosphorus can be effectively and stably removed in full scale SWTPs for a long period. Therefore, long-term phosphorus removal from SWTPs was investigated and optimum operational cond

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Takahashi, Shoei, Hikaru Manabe, and Ryohei Miyadera. "Josephus Nim." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 31, no. 1 (2025): 98–112. https://doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2025.31.1.98-112.

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In this study, we propose a variant of Nim that uses two piles. In the first pile, we have stones with a weight of $a$, and in the second pile, we have stones with a weight of $-2a$, where $a$ is a natural number. Two players take turns to remove stones from one of the piles. The total weight of the stones to be removed should be equal to or less than half of the total weight of the stones in the pile. Therefore, if there are $x$ stones with weight $a$ and $y$ stones with weight $-2a$, then the total weight of the stones to be removed is less than or equal to $(ax-2ay)/2$. The player who remov

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Zhu, Guangcan, Zhonglian Yang, and Xiwu Lu. "Removal Characteristics of Organic Pollutants from Eutrophic Raw Water by Biological Pretreatment Reactors." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3151482.

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Two biological contact oxidation reactors, cascade biofilm reactor (CSBR) and one-step biofilm reactor (OSBR), were used in this paper for pretreatment of eutrophic water from Lake Taihu in China. The CSBR was more effective and stable for eutrophic water treatment than OSBR, in terms of extracellular microcystin-LR,chlorophyll-a, DOC, and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) removal. Removal efficiencies of extracellular microcystin-LR andchlorophyll-a were 75.8% and 59.7% in CSBR and 60.5% and 53.0% after 2 h in OSBR. CSBR had much higher removal efficiency (34.3%) than OSBR (22.7%)

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Reis, A. R., and Y. Sakakibara. "Enzymatic degradation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in aquatic plants and relations to biological Fenton reaction." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 4 (2012): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.241.

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In order to evaluate the removal performance of trace phenolic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by aquatic plants, batch and continuous experiments were conducted using floating and submerged plants. The EDCs used in this study were bisphenol A, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, pentachlorophenol, and nonylphenol. The feed concentration of each EDC was set at 100 μg/L. Continuous experiments showed that every EDC except pentachlorophenol was efficiently removed by different aquatic plants through the following reaction, catalyzed by peroxidases: EDCs+H2O2→Products+H2O2. Peroxidases

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Bawono, Aditya Hari, Fitra Abdurrahman Bahtiar, and Ahmad Afif Supianto. "Nearest Centroid Classifier with Outlier Removal for Classification." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.202051162.

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Classification method is misled by outlier. However, there are few research of classification with outlier removal, especially for Nearest Centroid Classifier Method. The proposed methodology consists of two stages. First, preprocess the data with outlier removal, removes points which are far from the corresponding centroid. Second, classify the outlier removed data. The experiment covers six data sets which have different characteristic. The results indicate that outlier removal as preprocessing method provide better result for improving Nearest Centroid Classifier performance on most data se

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Meyer, V., F. H. H. Carlsson, and R. A. Oellermann. "Decolourization of Textile Effluent Using a Low Cost Natural Adsorbent Material." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 5-6 (1992): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0562.

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To evaluate their abilities to remove colour from textile-plant effluents, tests were run using several low cost natural adsorbent materials including vermiculite, sawdust, barbecue charcoal, maize stalks, sand, rice husks and peatmoss. With the exception of vermiculite, more than 50% of the colour was removed from the wastewater, with barbecue charcoal and rice husks showing the best adsorptive qualities (67% and 65% respectively). Under simulated industrial conditions on a laboratory scale a fixed-bed reactor was used to investigate the adsorption capacity of barbecue charcoal with respect t

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Tian, Xin Li, Fang Guo, Ya Tao Mao, Bao Guo Zhang, Jian Quan Wang, and Shu Zhang. "Mechanism Analysis of High Efficiency Axial Turn-Grinding of Engineering Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.376.

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Axial turn-grinding is a method to cut the cylindrical work piece along its axis, using the kinetic energy of high-speed rotation annularity tool, the abrasives in tool tip as the main cutting edge to remove materials and the abrasives in the inside or outside surface of tool as a minor cutting edge to sharpen the processed surface. Through analysis the simplified model, a slightly stress concentration was found at the junction surface of processed surface and machined surface, which had little damage to the workpiece because of happening in the part to be removed or precision machining allowa

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Liu, Mei, Qing Guo Chen, Li Shao, Jing Ya Sun, and Zhen Ying Rong. "Cadmium Removal from Marine Sediment by Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.641.

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The cadmium removed from sediment by rhamnolipid biosurfactant was explored in laboratory scale. The results suggest that the biosurfactant can remove cadmium from the sediment efficiently, 40% more than SDS. 200 mg/L rhamnolipid biosurfactant can get 84.02% cadmium removal efficiency from the sediment which contained 0.42 mg/g cadmium. pH affect cadmium removal by rhamnolipid, the best pH was 10. Leaching could also affect cadmium removal, there was a remarkable increasing of cadmium removal efficiency after the second washing, and after 48 h leaching cadmium removal and cadmium absorption go

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