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Journal articles on the topic 'Renal circulation/physiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Rabadi, May M., Tammer Ghaly, Michael S. Goligorksy, and Brian B. Ratliff. "HMGB1 in renal ischemic injury." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 303, no. 6 (2012): F873—F885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00092.2012.

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Factors that initiate cellular damage and trigger the inflammatory response cascade and renal injury are not completely understood after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). High-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule that binds to chromatin, but upon signaling undergoes nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and release from cells. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis identified HMGB1 nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation and release from renal cells (particularly vascular and tubular cells) into the venous circulation after IRI. Time course

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2

Franchini, K. G., and A. W. Cowley. "Sensitivity of the renal medullary circulation to plasma vasopressin." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 3 (1996): R647—R653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.3.r647.

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Studies were carried out to determine the effects of physiological changes of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) on blood flow distribution in the renal cortex and medulla. Acute decerebration was performed so that studies could be carried out within the low physiological range of circulating AVP. Changes of renal cortical and medullary microcirculatory blood flow were measured with implanted optical fibers and laser-Doppler flowmetry, and total renal blood flow was measured with transit-time ultrasonography. During intravenous infusion of increasing doses of AVP, when plasma AVP was increased

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3

Cowley, A. W. "Role of the renal medulla in volume and arterial pressure regulation." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 1 (1997): R1—R15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.1.r1.

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The original fascination with the medullary circulation of the kidney was driven by the unique structure of vasa recta capillary circulation, which Berliner and colleagues (Berliner, R. W., N. G. Levinsky, D. G. Davidson, and M. Eden. Am. J. Med. 24: 730-744, 1958) demonstrated could provide the economy of countercurrent exchange to concentrate large volumes of blood filtrate and produce small volumes of concentrated urine. We now believe we have found another equally important function of the renal medullary circulation. The data show that it is indeed the forces defined by Starling 100 years

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4

Hsueh, Willa A., Yung S. Do, and Pou-Hsiung Wang. "Observations on the renal processing and sorting of prorenin." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 9 (1991): 1327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-196.

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Human prorenin is the biosynthetic precursor of renin. In general, prorenin is enzymatically inactive until it is converted to renin. The kidney is the major source of renin in the circulation, and is also an important source of circulating prorenin. The mechanisms of prorenin sorting and processing to renin in the juxtaglomerular cell may be a determinant of renal renin production. Therefore, our studies have focused on renal enzymes involved in "limited proteolysis" of prorenin to renin and on the morphology of prorenin sorting in the human juxtaglomerular cell.Key words: renin, processing,

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5

Roman, R. J., and A. P. Zou. "Influence of the renal medullary circulation on the control of sodium excretion." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 265, no. 5 (1993): R963—R973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.265.5.r963.

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Although the role of the renal medullary circulation in the control of urinary concentrating ability is well established, its potential influence on tubular sodium reabsorption is not generally recognized. Nearly 30 years ago, changes in the intrarenal distribution of blood flow were first proposed to contribute to the natriuretic response to volume expansion. However, the lack of reliable methods for studying medullary blood flow limited progress in this area. The recent development of laser-Doppler flowmetry and videomicroscopic techniques for the study of the vasa recta circulation has rene

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Alonso-Galicia, Magdalena, John R. Falck, Komandla Malla Reddy, and Richard J. Roman. "20-HETE agonists and antagonists in the renal circulation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 277, no. 5 (1999): F790—F796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1999.277.5.f790.

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The present study examined the effects of a series of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) derivatives on the diameter of renal arterioles to determine the structural requirements of the vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE. The vascular responses to 5-, 8-, 12-, 15-, 19-, 20-, 21-HETEs, arachidonic acid (AA), and saturated, partially saturated, dimethyl, carboxyl, and 19-carbon derivatives of 20-HETE (10−8 to 10−6 M) were assessed in rat renal interlobular arteries (65–125 μm). 20-HETE, 21-HETE, dimethyl-20-HETE, and a partially saturated derivative of 20-HETE, 20-hydroxyeicosa-5( Z),14(

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7

Reho, John J., Xiaoxu Zheng, James E. Benjamin, and Steven A. Fisher. "Neural programming of mesenteric and renal arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 4 (2014): H563—H573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00250.2014.

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There is evidence for developmental origins of vascular dysfunction yet little understanding of maturation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of regional circulations. We measured maturational changes in expression of myosin phosphatase (MP) and the broader VSM gene program in relation to mesenteric small resistance artery (SRA) function. We then tested the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in programming of SRAs and used genetically engineered mice to define the role of MP isoforms in the functional maturation of the mesenteric circulation. Maturation of rat mesenteric SRAs as measure

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8

Conrad, Kirk P., and John M. Davison. "The renal circulation in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia: is there a place for relaxin?" American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 306, no. 10 (2014): F1121—F1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00042.2014.

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During the first trimester of human pregnancy, the maternal systemic circulation undergoes remarkable vasodilation. The kidneys participate in this vasodilatory response resulting in marked increases in renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Comparable circulatory adaptations are observed in conscious gravid rats. Administration of the corpus luteal hormone relaxin (RLN) to nonpregnant rats and humans elicits vasodilatory changes like those of pregnancy. Systemic and renal vasodilation are compromised in midterm pregnant rats by neutralization or elimination of circulati

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9

Evans, Roger G., Geoffrey A. Head, Gabriela A. Eppel, Sandra L. Burke, and Niwanthi W. Rajapakse. "Angiotensin II and neurohumoral control of the renal medullary circulation." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 37, no. 2 (2010): e58-e69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05233.x.

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10

Tarrab, A., C. Mainardi, G. Chatellier, X. Girerd, M.-C. Plainfosse, and P.-F. Plouin. "40 Doppler measurement reproducibility in renal circulation." Journal of Hypertension 9, no. 9 (1991): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199109000-00054.

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11

Epstein, Murray, and Garabed Eknoyan. "A forgotten chapter in the history of the renal circulation: the Josep Trueta and Homer Smith intellectual conflict." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 309, no. 2 (2015): F90—F97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00075.2015.

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This article reviews the pioneering and visionary contributions of the Catalan surgeon Josep Trueta (1897–1977) to the changes in renal circulation that contribute to the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF). An erudite scientist with eclectic interests in physiology, orthopedics, politics, and medical history, Trueta's initial involvement in wound healing as a trauma surgeon during the Spanish Civil War and the London Blitz is what prompted him to postulate that a trauma-induced “neural effect” on the renal vasculature, with resultant renal arterial constriction could cause ARF. To test

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12

Rajapakse, Niwanthi W., Gabriela A. Eppel, Robert E. Widdop, and Roger G. Evans. "ANG II type 2 receptors and neural control of intrarenal blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 291, no. 6 (2006): R1669—R1676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00183.2006.

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We tested the hypothesis that activation of angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptors, by both exogenous and endogenous ANG II, modulates neurally mediated vasoconstriction in the renal cortical and medullary circulations. Under control conditions in pentobarbital-anesthetized rabbits, electrical stimulation of the renal nerves (RNS; 0.5–8 Hz) reduced renal blood flow (RBF; −88 ± 3% at 8 Hz) and cortical perfusion (CBF; −92 ± 2% at 8 Hz) more than medullary perfusion (MBF; −67 ± 6% at 8 Hz). Renal arterial infusion of ANG II, at a dose titrated to reduce RBF by ∼40–50% (5–50 ng·kg−1·min−1) blunted re

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13

Vesely, David L. "Natriuretic peptides and acute renal failure." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 285, no. 2 (2003): F167—F177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00259.2002.

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Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) are a family of peptide hormones, e.g., ANP, long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, and kaliuretic peptide synthesized by the ANP gene. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide are also members of this family but are synthesized by separate genes. Within the kidney, the ANP prohormone's posttranslational processing is different from that of other tissues, resulting in an additional four amino acids added to the NH2terminus of ANP (e.g., urodilatin). Each of these natriuretic and diuretic peptides increases within the circulatio

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14

Reho, John J., Xiaoxu Zheng, and Steven A. Fisher. "Smooth muscle contractile diversity in the control of regional circulations." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 306, no. 2 (2014): H163—H172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00493.2013.

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Each regional circulation has unique requirements for blood flow and thus unique mechanisms by which it is regulated. In this review we consider the role of smooth muscle contractile diversity in determining the unique properties of selected regional circulations and its potential influence on drug targeting in disease. Functionally smooth muscle diversity can be dichotomized into fast versus slow contractile gene programs, giving rise to phasic versus tonic smooth muscle phenotypes, respectively. Large conduit vessel smooth muscle is of the tonic phenotype; in contrast, there is great smooth

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15

Stadeager, C., L. B. Johansen, J. Warberg, et al. "Circulation, kidney function, and volume-regulating hormones during prolonged water immersion in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 2 (1992): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.2.530.

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To investigate whether prolonged water immersion (WI) results in reduction of central blood volume and attenuation of renal fluid and electrolyte excretion, these variables were measured in connection with 12 h of immersion. On separate days, nine healthy males were investigated before, during, and after 12 h of WI to the neck or during appropriate control conditions. Central venous pressure, stroke volume, renal sodium (UNaV) and fluid excretion increased on initiation of WI and thereafter gradually declined but were still elevated compared with control values at the 12th h of WI. Atrial natr

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16

Morales-Loredo, Humberto, Adelaeda Barrera, Joshua M. Garcia, et al. "Hydrogen sulfide regulation of renal and mesenteric blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 317, no. 5 (2019): H1157—H1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00303.2019.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) dilates isolated arteries, and knockout of the H2S-synthesizing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) increases blood pressure. However, the contributions of endogenously produced H2S to blood flow regulation in specific vascular beds are unknown. Published studies in isolated arteries show that CSE production of H2S influences vascular tone more in small mesenteric arteries than in renal arteries or the aorta. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate H2S regulation of blood pressure, vascular resistance, and regional blood flows using chronically instrumented rats

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17

Moraes, Roger De, Giovanni Gioseffi, Antonio C. L. Nóbrega, and Eduardo Tibiriçá. "Effects of exercise training on the vascular reactivity of the whole kidney circulation in rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 2 (2004): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00923.2003.

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Exercise training is known to improve vasodilating mechanisms mediated by endothelium-dependent relaxing factors in the cardiac and skeletal muscle vascular beds. However, the effects of exercise training on visceral vascular reactivity, including the renal circulation, are still unclear. We used the experimental model of the isolated perfused rabbit kidney, which involves both the renal macro- and microcirculation, to test the hypothesis that exercise training improves vasodilator mechanisms in the entire renal circulation. New Zealand White rabbits were pen confined (Sed; n = 24) or treadmil

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18

Sauder, Charity L., Erin E. Conboy, Stephanie A. Chin-Sang, and Chester A. Ray. "Otolithic activation on visceral circulation in humans: effect of aging." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 295, no. 4 (2008): F1166—F1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90408.2008.

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Engagement of the otolith organs elicits differential activation of sympathetic nerve activity and vascular responses to muscle and skin in humans. Additionally, aging attenuates the otolith organ-mediated increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in older adults. In this study, we hypothesized that 1) the vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) would elicit visceral vascular vasoconstriction and 2) visceral vascular response to the VSR would be attenuated in older subjects compared with young. To test these hypotheses, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and renal, celiac trunk, and supe

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19

Cowley, Allen W., Richard J. Roman, Francisco J. Fenoy, and David L. Mattson. "Effect of renal medullary circulation on arterial pressure." Journal of Hypertension 10, Sup 7 (1992): S187???194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199212000-00021.

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20

Cowley, Allen W., Richard J. Roman, Francisco J. Fenoy, and David L. Mattson. "Effect of renal medullary circulation on arterial pressure." Journal of Hypertension 10 (1992): S195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199212007-00021.

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21

van de Poll, Marcel C. G., Gerdien C. Ligthart-Melis, Steven W. M. Olde Damink, et al. "The gut does not contribute to systemic ammonia release in humans without portosystemic shunting." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 295, no. 4 (2008): G760—G765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00333.2007.

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The gut is classically seen as the main source of circulating ammonia. However, the contribution of the intestines to systemic ammonia production may be limited by hepatic extraction of portal-derived ammonia. Recent data suggest that the kidney may be more important than the gut for systemic ammonia production. The aim of this study was to quantify the role of the kidney, intestines, and liver in interorgan ammonia trafficking in humans with normal liver function. In addition, we studied changes in interorgan nitrogen metabolism caused by major hepatectomy. From 21 patients undergoing surgery

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22

Stepp, David W., Erika I. Boesen, Jennifer C. Sullivan, James D. Mintz, Clark D. Hair, and David M. Pollock. "Obesity augments vasoconstrictor reactivity to angiotensin II in the renal circulation of the Zucker rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 4 (2007): H2537—H2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01081.2006.

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Obesity is an emerging risk factor for renal dysfunction, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Obese patients show heightened renal vasodilation to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, suggesting deficits in vascular responses to angiotensin II (ANG II). This study tested the hypothesis that obesity augments renal vasoconstriction to ANG II. Lean (LZR), prediabetic obese (OZR), and nonobese fructose-fed Zucker rats (FF-LZR) were studied to determine the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on reactivity of blood pressure and renal blood flow to vasoconstrictors. OZR showed enlar

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23

Mattson, David L., Shanhong Lu, and Allen W. Cowley Jr. "ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN THE CONTROL OF THE RENAL MEDULLARY CIRCULATION." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 24, no. 8 (1997): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02096.x.

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Edgley, Amanda J., Marianne Tare, Roger G. Evans, Con Skordilis, and Helena C. Parkington. "In vivo regulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the rat renal circulation and the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 295, no. 3 (2008): R829—R839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00861.2007.

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We assessed the relative contributions of endothelium-derived relaxing factors to renal vasodilation in vivo and determined whether these are altered in established streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In nondiabetic rats, stimulation of the endothelium by locally administered ACh or bradykinin-induced transient renal hyperemia. Neither basal renal blood flow (RBF) nor renal hyperemic responses to ACh or bradykinin were altered by blockade of prostanoid production (indomethacin) or by administration of charybdotoxin (ChTx) plus apamin to block endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). In

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Bugnicourt, Jean-Marc, Charlène Da Silveira, Abderrahmane Bengrine, et al. "Chronic renal failure alters endothelial function in cerebral circulation in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 3 (2011): H1143—H1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01237.2010.

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We examined structure, composition, and endothelial function in cerebral arterioles after 4 wk of chronic renal failure (CRF) in a well-defined murine model (C57BL/6J and apolipoprotein E knockout female mice). We also determined quantitative expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (on serine 1177 and threonine 495), and caveolin-1; quantitative expression of markers of vascular inflammation or oxidative stress [Rock-1, Rock-2, VCAM-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)]; and the plasma concentration of l-arginine and asymmetric dimethy

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Chou, S. Y., I. Reiser, and J. G. Porush. "Reversal of Na+ retention in chronic caval dogs by verapamil: contribution of medullary circulation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 263, no. 4 (1992): F642—F648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.4.f642.

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The effects of verapamil on papillary plasma flow (PPF) and Na+ excretion were studied in anesthetized chronic caval dogs with low cardiac output and Na+ retention. Infusion of verapamil into the left renal artery (5 and 10 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) caused a dose-dependent ipsilateral increase in renal blood flow and Na+ excretion (from 10 +/- 2 to 171 +/- 32 and 225 +/- 35 mu eq/min, respectively). PPF in the left kidney was 26.6 +/- 4.4 and was significantly greater than that measured in the contralateral kidney (13.3 +/- 2.4 ml.min-1.100 g-1) (P < 0.01). The natriuresis occurred independent

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Naito, T., H. Yokoyama, K. J. Moore, G. Dranoff, R. C. Mulligan, and V. R. Kelley. "A gene transfer system establishes interleukin-6 neither promotes nor suppresses renal injury." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 3 (1996): F603—F609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.3.f603.

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Conflicting reports claim that circulating interleukin (IL)-6 promotes or suppresses renal disease. Although autoimmune MRL-lpr mice have an increase in serum IL-6, and kidneys can produce IL-6, the relevance of systemic and local exposure remains undefined. To investigate the impact of IL-6 on kidney disease, we constructed a gene transfer approach to deliver sustained, stable IL-6 into the kidney and circulation. We infused syngeneic genetically modified tubular epithelial cells (IL-6-TEC) under the renal capsule of autoimmune and nonautoimmune mice. IL-6-TEC did not incite renal injury in a

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Cowley, Allen W. "Control of the renal medullary circulation by vasopressin V1and V2receptors in the rat." Experimental Physiology 85, s1 (2000): 223s—231s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-445x.2000.tb00027.x.

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Xiong, Yuxin, Annayya R. Aroor, Francisco I. Ramirez-Perez, et al. "Western diet induces renal artery endothelial stiffening that is dependent on the epithelial Na+ channel." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 318, no. 5 (2020): F1220—F1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00517.2019.

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Consumption of a Western diet (WD) induces central aortic stiffening that contributes to the transmittance of pulsatile blood flow to end organs, including the kidney. Our recent work supports that endothelial epithelial Na+ channel (EnNaC) expression and activation enhances aortic endothelial cell stiffening through reductions in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and bioavailable NO that result in inflammatory and oxidant responses and perivascular fibrosis. However, the role that EnNaC activation has on endothelial responses in the renal circulation remains unknown. We hypothesiz

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Kurt, Birgül, and Armin Kurtz. "Plasticity of renal endocrine function." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 308, no. 6 (2015): R455—R466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00568.2013.

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The kidneys are important endocrine organs. They secrete humoral factors, such as calcitriol, erythropoietin, klotho, and renin into the circulation, and therefore, they are essentially involved in the regulation of a variety of processes ranging from bone formation to erythropoiesis. The endocrine functions are established by cells, such as proximal or distal tubular cells, renocortical interstitial cells, or mural cells of afferent arterioles. These endocrine cells are either fixed in number, such as tubular cells, which individually and gradually upregulate or downregulate hormone productio

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Eppel, Gabriela A., David Lo Jacono, Mikiyasu Shirai, Keiji Umetani, Roger G. Evans, and James T. Pearson. "Contrast angiography of the rat renal microcirculation in vivo using synchrotron radiation." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 296, no. 5 (2009): F1023—F1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90499.2008.

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We have developed a new method for contrast microangiography of the rat renal circulation using synchrotron radiation. The method was applied to determine responses of the renal arterial vasculature to angiotensin II and electrical stimulation of the renal nerves (RNS). Iodinated contrast agent was administered directly into the renal artery of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats before and during 1) intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (1.6 μg·kg−1·min−1) or 2) its vehicle, or 3) RNS at 2 Hz. Images were obtained at 30 Hz, before and during these treatments, and vascular caliber was determined

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Jindra Jr., A., J. Bultas, J. Ort, and R. Kvetnansky. "Investigation of human and rat inactive renin in plasma and kidney." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 9 (1991): 1341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-198.

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Under an initial interval of immobilization stress in rats, reciprocal changes of plasma active and inactive renin were observed, suggesting activation of circulating inactive renin. Molecular weight (MW) studies revealed that this activation might proceed via a MW shift from inactive renin with MW of 50 000 to active renin of MW 43 000. In a later interval of stress, under stimulated renin secretion, a lower MW form (38 000) of active renin was released into the circulation. This MW is close to that of active renin (39 000) found in rat kidney renin granules. In renin granules, equilibrated i

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Franchini, Kleber G. "Influence of hemodilution on the renal blood flow autoregulation during acute expansion in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 6 (1999): R1662—R1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.6.r1662.

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Autoregulation of renal blood flow (RBF) was studied in rats that underwent equivalent blood volume expansion with saline (Sal; 5% body wt), 7% BSA solution (1.4% body wt), and reconstituted whole blood from donor rats (WBL; 1.4% body wt). Renal perfusion pressure (RPP) and renal neural reflexes were prevented by clamping RPP and sectioning the vagus, baro/chemoreceptor, and renal nerves. Sal and BSA expansion increased RBF by ∼60%, whereas no effect was observed with WBL. RBF autoregulation was markedly attenuated after expansion with cell-free solutions, but no change occurred in WBL-expande

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Woods, L. L., H. L. Mizelle, and J. E. Hall. "Autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate in the pregnant rabbit." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 252, no. 1 (1987): R69—R72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.252.1.r69.

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Our purpose was to determine whether renal autoregulatory capability is retained in pregnancy despite the marked renal vasodilation that occurs at this time. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured in anesthetized pregnant (22–27 days gestation) and nonpregnant rabbits during step reductions in renal perfusion pressure from control (100 +/- 3 mmHg) to 50 mmHg. Control renal blood flow and GFR were significantly higher in pregnant animals, averaging 65 +/- 5 and 13.1 +/- 1.1 ml/min, respectively, compared with 50 +/- 5 and 9.4 +/- 1.2 ml/min in nonpregnant rabbits. F

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RUDENSTAM, J., G. BERGSTRÖM, G. GÖTHBERG, and G. KARLSTRÖM. "Efferent renal nerve stimulation inhibits the antihypertensive function of the rat renal medulla when studied in a cross-circulation model." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 155, no. 2 (1995): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1995.tb09963.x.

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Benigni, A., N. Perico, F. Gaspari, et al. "Increased renal endothelin production in rats with reduced renal mass." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 260, no. 3 (1991): F331—F339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.3.f331.

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Renal endothelin (ET) production was investigated in rats after renal mass ablation, a model of progressive renal disease characterized by glomerular hemodynamic alterations and capillary thrombosis, and in sham-operated animals. Thrombin stimulation of renal cortical tissue from rats with renal mass reduction, 45 but not 7 days after surgery, generated significantly (P less than 0.01) more ET than tissue from sham-operated animals. Exposure to thrombin of isolated glomeruli from remnant but not sham kidneys also significantly (P less than 0.01) increased ET production compared with unstimulat

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Jennings, D. B., and T. G. Flynn. "Cardiovascular and renal effects of iso-rANP, a second natriuretic peptide from rat atria." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 10 (1989): 1372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-220.

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Administration of a newly discovered second atrial peptide, iso-atrial natriuretic peptide (or iso-rANP(1–45) for the rat), caused hypotension, decreased heart rate, diuresis, and increased renal excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl− in the anesthetized rat. Bolus injections of chemically synthetic iso-rANP(1–45) had circulatory and diuretic activity equal to or greater than rANP(99–126) but, at low doses, a lesser effect on renal electrolyte excretion. The synthetic peptide fragment, iso-rANP(17–45), analogous in structure to rANP(99–126), had attenuated activity on the circulation, and at low doses,

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Liu, Kiao Ling. "REGULATION OF RENAL MEDULLARY CIRCULATION BY THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM IN GENETICALLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 36, no. 5-6 (2009): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05153.x.

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Macey, R. I., and L. W. Yousef. "Osmotic stability of red cells in renal circulation requires rapid urea transport." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 254, no. 5 (1988): C669—C674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1988.254.5.c669.

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Urea transport by the human erythrocyte occurs via an asymmetric-facilitated diffusion system with high Michaelis constants and high maximal velocities; the equivalent permeability in the limit of zero urea concentration is approximately 10(-3) cm/s (J. Gen. Physiol. 81: 221-237, 239-253, 1983). A physiological role for this system is revealed by numerical integration of the appropriate equations that show that rapid urea transport is essential for red cell stability in passing through the renal medulla. The calculation compares two cells. Cell A transports urea with permeability characteristi

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Day, T. A., and J. Ciriello. "Effects of renal receptor activation on neurosecretory vasopressin cells." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 253, no. 2 (1987): R234—R241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.253.2.r234.

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Electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerves (ARN) has been shown to excite neurosecretory vasopressin (AVP) cells of the supraoptic nucleus (SON). To investigate the sensory modality of the ARN involved, the present study examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats the responses of putative AVP cells to procedures intended to differentially activate renal receptor populations. Neurosecretory SON cells were identified by antidromic invasion from the neurohypophysis and classified as AVP secreting on the basis of spontaneous activity patterns and responses to arterial baroreceptor activation

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41

Wollborn, Jakob, Svenja Siemering, Christoph Steiger, Hartmut Buerkle, Ulrich Goebel, and Martin A. Schick. "Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition reduces ECLS-induced vascular permeability and improves microcirculation in a rodent model of extracorporeal resuscitation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 3 (2019): H751—H761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00673.2018.

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Extracorporeal circulation can be accompanied by increased vascular permeability leading to pathological fluid balance and organ dysfunction. The second messenger cAMP is involved in capillary permeability and maintains endothelial integrity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibition with rolipram on extracorporeal circulation-induced capillary leakage, microcirculatory dysfunction, and organ injury in rodents. Rats were randomly allocated to the following groups: sham ( n = 5), venoarterial extracorporeal circulation [extracorporeal life

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42

Wilkins, Brad W., Christopher T. Minson, and John R. Halliwill. "Regional hemodynamics during postexercise hypotension. II. Cutaneous circulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 6 (2004): 2071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00466.2004.

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After an acute bout of exercise, there is an unexplained elevation in systemic vascular conductance that is not completely offset by an increase in cardiac output, resulting in a postexercise hypotension. The contributions of the splanchnic and renal circulations are examined in a companion paper (Pricher MP, Holowatz LA, Williams JT, Lockwood JM, and Halliwill JR. J Appl Physiol 97: 2065–2070, 2004). The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of the cutaneous circulation in postexercise hypotension under thermoneutral conditions (∼23°C). Arterial blood pressure was measured v

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43

Hjelmqvist, H., R. Keil, M. Mathai, T. Hubschle, and R. Gerstberger. "Vasodilation and glomerular binding of adrenomedullin in rabbit kidney are not CGRP receptor mediated." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 2 (1997): R716—R724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.2.r716.

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The polypeptide adrenomedullin (ADM) was infused systemically to conscious rabbits to elucidate its actions on overall circulation and especially the renovascular bed and the formation and/or release of hormones important for body fluid homeostasis, including adrenocortical steroids. ADM lowered mean arterial pressure from 71.5 +/- 3.2 to 64.7 +/- 3.2 mmHg only at the highest dose of 25 pmol.min-1.kg-1 infused intravenously for 20 min and concomitantly induced tachycardia, possibly due to both baroreflex activation and direct cardiostimulatory effects. Renal blood flow (RBF) determined in rabb

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Tost, Hilda, Csilla Hably, Milena Lengyel, A. Gógl, A. Lendvai, and J. Bartha. "Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Renal Circulation and Excretory Function in Anaesthetized Rats." Experimental Physiology 85, no. 6 (2000): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-445x.2000.02085.x.

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Tost*, Hilda, Csilla Hably, Milena Lengyel, A. Gógl, A. Lendvai, and J. Bartha. "Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on renal circulation and excretory function in anaesthetized rats." Experimental Physiology 85, no. 6 (2000): 791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958067000020856.

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Schreihofer, Ann M., Clark D. Hair, and David W. Stepp. "Reduced plasma volume and mesenteric vascular reactivity in obese Zucker rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 1 (2005): R253—R261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00498.2004.

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Obese Zucker rats (OZR) are mildly hypertensive with an apparently elevated sympathetic vasomotor tone compared with lean Zucker rats (LZR). Studies have also suggested enhanced adrenergic pressor reactivity in OZR but assumed comparable baroreflexes, or blood volume-to-body weight ratio, to LZR. In 15-wk-old OZR and LZR, we measured plasma volume and vascular reactivity to norepinephrine (NE) and phenylephrine (PE) with doses evaluated by body weight and plasma volume. Plasma volume measured by dye dilution (Evans blue; 200 μl of 0.5%) showed that OZR had comparable blood volumes to LZR but l

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Lin, Chi Hua Sarah, Jun Chen, Bruce Ziman, Shannon Marshall, Julien Maizel, and Michael S. Goligorsky. "Endostatin and kidney fibrosis in aging: a case for antagonistic pleiotropy?" American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 306, no. 12 (2014): H1692—H1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00064.2014.

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A recurring theme of a host of gerontologic studies conducted in either experimental animals or in humans is related to documenting the functional decline with age. We hypothesize that elevated circulating levels of a powerful antiangiogenic peptide, endostatin, represent one of the potent systemic causes for multiorgan microvascular rarefaction and functional decline due to fibrosis. It is possible that during the life span of an organism there is an accumulation of dormant transformed cells producing antiangiogenic substances (endostatin) that maintain the dormancy of such scattered malignan

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Shoelson, S. E., K. S. Polonsky, T. Nakabayashi, J. B. Jaspan, and H. S. Tager. "Circulating forms of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity in human plasma." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 4 (1986): E428—E434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.4.e428.

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Circulating forms of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) in humans were characterized using several chromatographic techniques. After gelfiltration chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6 columns greater than 90% of circulating SLI was of high molecular weight (MW) and eluted in the void volume. When plasma samples were passed through protein A-Sepharose columns, more than 85% of the high MW SLI was removed, indicating that this form of plasma SLI is mainly due to cross-reacting immunoglobulins. Extraction of 10-ml plasma samples from normal subjects on octadecyl silyl silica cartridges eliminated t

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Janssen, B. J., H. van Essen, H. A. Struyker Boudier, and J. F. Smits. "Hemodynamic effects of activation of renal and mesenteric sensory nerves in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 1 (1989): R29—R36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.1.r29.

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Afferent nerves from the kidney and mesentery reflexly influence the cardiovascular system when activated. To examine the specificity of these reflexes, comparisons were made of the regional hemodynamic responses elicited by intra-arterial infusion of various agents into the renal (ir) and mesenteric (im) circulation. Experiments were performed in conscious rats, chronically instrumented with Doppler flow probes. Local ir as well as im infusions of bradykinin caused a hemodynamic reflex pattern characterized by a dose-dependent increase in arterial pressure, heart rate, and resistance in the r

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50

Badzynska, B., M. Grzelec-Mojzesowicz, and J. Sadowski. "Effect of exogenous angiotensin II on renal tissue nitric oxide and intrarenal circulation in anaesthetized rats." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 182, no. 3 (2004): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01364.x.

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