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Bennett, Paul Norman, and paul bennett@flinders edu au. "SATELLITE HAEMODIALYSIS NURSES PERCEPTIONS OF QUALITY NURSING CARE: A CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHY." Flinders University. Nursing and Midwifery, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090828.154836.
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People living with end stage kidney disease require dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain life. Of those receiving dialysis in Australia, most people receive this treatment in satellite haemodialysis centres that are nurse-run, community-based clinics. Nurses provide the majority of care in these clinics with little or no on-site medical support, yet there has been minimal research exploring nursing care, or perceptions of nurses, in the satellite haemodialysis context. The major aim of this study was to explore satellite dialysis nurses perceptions of quality care. Fundamental to this aim was the premise that to improve nursing care, nurses need to understand the factors influencing satellite dialysis nursing care.
A critical ethnography exploring the culture of one satellite haemodialysis clinic, focusing on the nurses perception of quality was undertaken, with a focus on issues of power that influenced satellite dialysis nursing care. Over a period of twelve months, interviews with nurses, non-participant observation and document analysis were conducted. Of particular concern was the satellite dialysis nurses struggle with the dominant medical discourse of quantitative measurement of quality. Bourdieus notions of habitus, field and practice provided a vehicle to explore nurses dispositions that operated within the institutional conditions of the medicalised discourse and physical structure of the satellite dialysis environment.
Findings about nurses perceptions of quality dialysis care were categorised into three broad themes: what is quality; what is not quality; and what affects quality. Nurses considered technical knowledge, technical skills and personal respect as characteristics of quality. Long-term blood pressure management and arranging transport for people receiving dialysis treatment were not seen to be quality priorities. The person receiving dialysis treatment, management, nurse and environment were considered major factors influencing and determining quality dialysis nursing care. Acceptance by nurses about their position and their reluctance to challenge medical power was revealed.
Aspects of power and oppression operated for nurses and people receiving dialysis treatment within the satellite dialysis context, and this environment was perceived by the nurses as very different from hospital dialysis units. Bourdieus notions of habitus and subconscious reproduced practices were embedded in the satellite dialysis nurses behaviour and were conveyed to other nurses. In order to improve nursing care in this context, ten recommendations were proposed: 1) implementing a concordance nursing care model; 2) using a goal-setting framework; 3) increasing staff rotation between dialysis units; 4) improving satellite dialysis unit design;
5) educating satellite dialysis nurses in internet and database skills; 6) using new technologies in staff education programmes; 7) recognising increased patient acuity; 8) research exploring residential dialysis facilities; 9) introducing advanced practice nurses in a satellite collaborative model of care; and 10) requiring a structured programme of reflective practice.
Facilitating change in dialysis nursing practice was fundamental to this study and consistent with a critical approach. New understandings for the nurses may not result in practice change however, unless there is a collective review and uptake of these practices. This study offers new knowledge about quality nursing in satellite haemodialysis units, enabling nurses to critically reflect on, and improve, the quality of care they provide.
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Hayes, Bronwyn J. "Job satisfaction, stress and burnout in haemodialysis nurses." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84620/8/Bronwyn_Hayes_Thesis.pdf.
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Haemodialysis nurses provide health care for people with end stage kidney disease leading to a unique, intense and complex interaction between nurses and patients. This study involved the development of a model which explains the relationships between the work environment, job satisfaction, stress and burnout of haemodialysis nurses in Australia and New Zealand. Results from this study identified that haemodialysis nurses, while being satisfied by their jobs, were also experiencing high levels of burnout. This study's novel contribution could lead to improving the retention of the nursing workforce which is crucial due to the growing global burden of chronic disease.
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Nascimento, Roseli Aparecida Matheus do. "Conhecimento do enfermeiro na identificação precoce da injúria renal aguda em terapia intensiva, emergência e unidade de internação." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/255.
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Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a complex disorder, in which the kidneys suddenly fail to concentrate urine, maintain electrolytes, and keep fluid balance. Objective: To evaluate nurses’ knowledge regarding the early identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) in an intensive care unit (ICU), inpatient care unit, and emergency unit. Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, questionnaire-based study. The study population included 216 nurses from five health care facilities who work in the ICU, inpatient care unit, or emergency unit. Data collection was performed between October 2010 and February 2011 using a survey with 10 questions related to prevention and diagnosis of AKI. Results: Among the nurses who replied, 81.7% gave correct answers regarding the importance of oliguria in the identification of AKI; 57.2% did not correctly identify the clinical manifestations of AKI; 54.6% did not know the correct incidence of AKI in patients admitted to the ICU; 87.0% did not know the mortality rate of ICU patients with AKI; 67.1% incorrectly answered that a small increase in serum creatinine did not have a great impact on mortality rate; 66.8% incorrectly answered the question on measures to prevent AKI; 60.4% correctly replied that the use of loop diuretics is not recommended for prevention of AKI; 77.6% correctly responded that the need for hemodialysis does not necessarily characterize AKI; and 92.4% said they had no knowledge of the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification. Conclusion: The results showed that the knowledge of nurses regarding the early identification of AKI is generally poor. This study highlights the need to develop training programs for nurses to improve professional competence and aptitude in the prevention and detection of AKI.
Introdução: Injúria renal aguda, desordem complexa que se caracteriza por súbita perda da capacidade dos rins de concentrar a urina, conservar eletrólitos e manter o equilíbrio de fluidos. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento do enfermeiro na identificação precoce da injúria renal aguda em Terapia Intensiva, Unidade de Internação e Emergência. Método: Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico, quantitativo e prospectivo. Participaram do estudo 216 enfermeiros que atuam em unidades de terapia intensiva, internação e emergência, de cinco hospitais do estado de São Paulo e um do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de outubro/2010 a fevereiro/2011, por meio de questionário composto de dez questões relacionadas à prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da IRA. Resultados: Os dados apontaram que 81,7% dos enfermeiros responderam corretamente sobre a relação do volume urinário na identificação da IRA, 57,2% não souberam identificar as manifestações clínicas da IRA, 54,6% não souberam responder corretamente a incidência de IRA em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva, 87,0% não souberam responder o índice de mortalidade em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva, 67,1% erraram ao responderem que o aumento discreto da creatinina não tem grande impacto na mortalidade, 66,8% responderam incorretamente a questão sobre as medidas de prevenção da IRA, 60,4% acertaram quando responderam que não é recomendada a utilização de diuréticos de alça na prevenção da IRA, 77,6% responderam corretamente que IRA não caracteriza necessidade de hemodiálise e 92,4% disseram não ter conhecimento da classificação AKIN. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos enfermeiros não tem conhecimento suficiente para a identificação precoce da IRA, o que indica a importância de programas de capacitação para enfermeiros que atuam em unidades hospitalares, com a finalidade de desenvolver competências e habilidades para prevenção e detecção da IRA.
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Bidii, Dempto Boniface. "An exploration into nephrology nurses' lived experiences of caring for dying patients with end stage kidney disease following withdrawal of dialysis." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31477.
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The aim of this study sets out to better understand nephrology nurses’ lived experiences of dying and deaths of patients with ESKD following withdrawal of dialysis. A qualitative research design using an interpretative phenomenological approach was used to explore the experiences of a purposive heterogeneous sample of eight nephrology nurses who were working in private dialysis units. Information was gathered by phenomenological conversations and feed-back sessions. Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was employed to formulate four main themes:
1. Emotional trauma
2. Detachment
3. Loss of altruistic values in nursing
4. being-with-death
For the participants in this study, emotional trauma was the most significant. The participants experienced a sense of powerlessness which caused emotions of hopelessness and anger and subsequently a sense of premature mourning and detachment. This state of hopelessness proved to be an obstacle in patient care, resulting in the altruistic values of nursing to be no longer applied. The participants’ ontological confrontation of being-with-death was evident, as they came to terms with the reality of their own death. Recommendations are offered to address the educational aspects of death and dying for nephrology nurses. This study endorses the need for further research into patients with ESKD ‘end-of-life’ which can influence how healthcare professionals should treat these patients during this phase.
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Alasmari, Hajar Ali M. "Examining intensive care nurses' clinical decision-making associated with acute kidney injury and continuous renal replacement therapy in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122877/1/Hajar%20Ali%20M_Alasmari_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis explored the dimensions of decision-making of nurses managing continuous renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. Variations in the levels of decision-making were largely the result of contextual factors including workforce characteristics, management practices, socialisation and organisational constraints. The concepts also constitute an explanation of the ways in which the interplay of social, organisational and technological boundaries constructed the process of nursing clinical decision-making and performance with advanced technology. These finding suggest that there is an urgent need for organisational and social change in the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia.
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Ousey, Karen J. "Being a real nurse : nurses' accounts of learning and working in practice." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42974/.
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There has been much written regarding nurse education and the socialisation of student nurses in clinical areas in the past (Olesen & Whittaker 1968, Orton, 1981, Melia, 1987, 1997, Ogier, 1989, Castledine, 1995, Bradshaw 2001, Spouse, 2003). The originality of this thesis lies in the discussions and exploration of the concept of Problem Based Learning (PBL) as a teaching and learning strategy and the implementation of the Making a Difference (DoH, 1999a) recommendations in a nursing curriculum. It investigates whether or not these have indeed made a difference to the ability of the students to socialise into their clinical roles and effectively meet their ultimate aim of becoming a ‘real nurse’. The thesis is split into five chapters and employs qualitative research methods to present an ethnographic case study of the experiences of student nurses in clinical placement areas regarding the process of becoming effective student nurses who ultimately develop their knowledge and skills base to become ‘real nurses’. The sample consisted of fifteen (15) students, fifteen (15) student mentors, eight (8) ward managers, one (1) practice development coordinator and one (1) senior nurse responsible for clinical development. Interviewing and observation techniques were used to obtain the data. PBL as a teaching and learning strategy is investigated and discussed, in relation to the students’ ability to develop critical problem solving skills that can be incorporated into their student roles. The disadvantages of PBL are also debated and issues highlighted that may cast doubt that this strategy and the Making a Difference curriculum has actually changed attitudes in the clinical areas towards the capabilities of the student nurse role. Eight major themes arose from the data analysis; learning to be a student, fitting into the clinical team, being professional, being a real nurse, the role of the practice development co-ordinator, effective mentors, developing clinical skills and reflecting in practice. Integral to these were the concepts of professionalism, power, inequalities and culture that were identified as significant underlying issues for the students to recognize when performing and developing into their clinical roles. The data suggest that the new curriculum and PBL have offered some solutions to help overcome the perceived boundaries of professionalism, power, inequalities and culture but by no means provides all the answers. Overall the study has highlighted the importance of clinical skills development and effective delivery of them by students in learning to become a ‘real nurse’. Through their experiences the students have learnt how to overcome boundaries and to fit in with the culture of clinical areas thereby enabling them to learn the role of the student nurse. Furthermore, the newly developed roles of the practice development co-ordinator and established mentor roles are perceived to be invaluable sources of support for the students while in clinical placement areas.
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Steinwandel, Ulrich. "Ultrasound measurements on the inferior vena cava by renal nursing staff for assessment and management of intravascular volume status in haemodialysis patients." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2152.
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Title: Ultrasound measurements on the inferior vena cava (IVC-US) by renal nursing staff for assessment and management of intravascular volume status in haemodialysis patients.
Aims: The primary aim of this thesis was to provide evidence that renal nurses could safely and efficiently perform IVC-US on haemodialysis patients to obtain objective assessment of intravascular volume status and potentially reduce adverse events and morbidity. The secondary aims for this study were: (1) conduct a systematic literature review to identify evidence if renal nurses have previously used this method for intravascular volume assessment; (2) teach a renal nurse through a staged educational programme, guided by a medically trained ultrasonographer, a sonologist, to gain competency in ultrasound image acquisition and interpretation of the scans; (3) measure the prevalence of any form of intradialytic hypotension in a satellite haemodialysis clinic over a three-month period and (4) attain concurrent IVC-US and bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements on 30 patients during their haemodialysis treatment and to compare these findings with their intravascular volume status using the traditional clinical nursing assessment method.
Materials and Methods: To achieve this primary aim, this thesis was separated into multiple phases. First, a systematic literature review of medical and nursing databases was performed to summarise the use of IVC-US in haemodialysis patients by renal nurses. The second phase involved a retrospective data analysis, where the prevalence rate of nurse-documented fluid related intradialytic hypotensive events was measured and a Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to predict the likelihood of any form of intradialytic hypotension or postdialytic overhydration. In the next phase a four-step educational programme was developed in collaboration with an expert sonologist, guiding the renal nurse through the process of skill acquisition and accurate fluid assessment based on nurse-performed IVC-US scans. Following this phase, and after receiving theoretical training and performing 100 proctored scans, the renal nurse then performed 60 IVC-US scans independently, which were subsequently assessed by two sonologists, resulting in a cross-sectional interrater study, confirming competency. The final phase of the thesis consisted of a simulative pilot study, where 30 haemodialysis patients were assessed during three intradialytic moments of a single session on their intravascular volume status with IVC-US.
Results: The systematic literature review revealed that there is a paucity of knowledge regarding renal nurses and IVC-US. The 3-month data analysis has shown that intradialytic hypotension (IDH) was still the most common adverse intradialytic event with 13.1% of all treatments affected. The renal nurse mastered the educational programme and was deemed competent by the experts. Finally, the simulative pilot study revealed that if IVC-US had been performed and indicated intravascular hypovolemia, patients had a 14-fold chance to experience subsequent IDH events. An algorithm using IVC-US combined with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) revealed a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% for the prevention of IDH.
Conclusions: This thesis demonstrates the obvious need for more objective and reliable fluid assessment methods in the haemodialysis population to improve clinical outcomes. Most importantly, it has been shown that renal nurses can master the skill to perform IVC-US and that IVC-US is a useful and reliable method of fluid assessment. Performing IVC-US is a transferrable skill and has potential to be preventative for intradialytic hypotension if added to the clinical fluid assessment routine by renal nurses. It has potential to change clinical practice and policy in future, but further research studies are needed to provide evidence for this.
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Yeung, Nga-man, and 楊雅雯. "A guideline of nurse-delivered pre-dialysis education programme for stage 4 chronic kidney disease patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44626988.
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Eggers, Alice. "All were still; all were real : transmedieringen av Virginia Woolfs text om Nurse Lugton." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of History of Literature and History of Ideas, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1392.
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Prucha, Hanna. "Med rena händer i kampen mot VRI : Sjuksköterskors följsamhet till riktlinjer om handhygien: främjande och hindrande faktorer En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-20853.
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Bakgrund: Uppkomsten av vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett globalt problem. Den vanligaste smittvägen är via personalens händer. Bra handhygien är väsentligt för att minska VRI. Med bättre följsamhet till handhygien kan uppkomsten av VRI minskas, därför har forskning om följsamhet till handhygien och faktorer som inverkar, stort betydelse. Syfte: Syftet var att sammanställa och beskriva aktuell forskning om sjuksköterskors följsamhet till handhygien och vilka faktorer främjar respektive hindrar följsamheten till handhygien. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserades på artiklar publicerade de senaste fem åren, från länder som följer Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO) handhygieniska riktlinjer. Sexton artiklar valdes efter kvalitetsgranskning för analys och beskrivning. Artiklarna bearbetades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskors följsamhet till handhygien var låg. Följande främjande faktorer identifierades: handhygien efter patientkontakt, materialtillgång, förebilder, utbildning, verbala och visuella påminnelser, positiva individuella attityder, kvinnlig könstillhörighet, yrkesgrupp, specialitet, patientens skydd, arbetskultur och samhällets inställning till handhygien. Följande hindrande faktorer identifierades: hög arbetsbelastning, bristande utbildning, kunskapsbrist, individuella attityder, hudpåverkan, materialtillgång, arbetskultur och samhällets inställning till handhygien, manlig könstillhörighet, yrkesgrupp, specialitet. Slutsats: Enligt resultat rekommenderas: samspelet med kollegor och patienter, stöd av teamarbete ledare, förebilder, materialtillgång, utbildning, påminnelser, intervention med tillgång till information, stöd, resurser och möjligheter för regelbunden kunskapsuppföljning, motivera till handhygien före patientkontakt, involvera patienter.Background: The emergence of healthcare-associated infections (VRI) is a global problem. The most common route of transmission is via the staff's hands. Good hand hygiene is essential for reducing VRI. With better adherence to hand hygiene, the emergence of VRI is reduced, therefore, research on adherence to hand hygiene and factors affecting, big importance. Aim: The aim was to compile and describe current research on nurses ' adherence to hand hygiene and what factors promote or hinder the adherence to hand hygiene. Method: A literature review based on articles published in the last five years, from countries that follow the World Health Organisation (WHO) hand hygiene guidelines. Sixteen articles were selected for quality review of analysis and description. The items were processed with content analysis. Results: nurses ' adherence to handhygiene was low. Promoting factors was handhygiene after patient contact, materials access, role models, training, verbal and visual reminders, positive individual attitudes, gender, profession, specialty, patient protection, work culture and society's attitudes to handhygiene. Limiting factors: high workload, lack of education, lack of knowledge, individual attitudes, skin effects, materials access, work culture and society's attitudes to handhygiene, sex, profession, specialty. Conclusion: According to the results is folowing recommended : the interaction with colleagues and patients, support of team work leaders, role models, materials access, education, reminders, intervention with access to information, support, resources and opportunities for regular knowledge track, justify to handhygiene prior to patient contact, involve patients.
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Knardal, Persson Sigrid, and Tina Mattsson. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta i nattpatrull : är det rena natta att jobba om natta?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9363.
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Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta i hemsjukvården och därmed få ökad kunskap och kännedom om villkoren för nattarbete. Studien hade en kvalitativ deskriptiv design och fjorton sjuksköterskor besvarade frågeformulären. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultatet utmynnade från ett tema med följande kategorier, nattarbete ett val av praktiska skäl, vidgat perspektiv ger arbetstillfredsställelse och insikten om arbetets komplexitet ger en känsla av otillfredsställelse. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna valde att arbeta inom nattpatrullen för att tjäna extra pengar, samt på grund av närheten till arbetet. Samtliga sjuksköterskor påtalade vikten av att ha tillräckligt med tid vid hembesöken. Flertalet män ansåg dock sin kompetens för hög för de arbetsuppgifter de utförde i hemsjukvården. Att de sedan valt att fortsätta arbeta inom nattpatrullen berodde på att de upplevde arbetet som självständigt, fritt och stimulerande. Sjuksköterskorna påpekade att de inte kände sig delaktiga i beslut. Flera påtalade att cheferna inte hade någon förståelse för deras arbetsvillkor. Behovet av hemsjukvård ökar och mer personal kommer att behövas. Att rekrytera och behålla sjuksköterskor inom hemsjukvården är en utmaning. Det är därför av vikt att ta reda på hur vårdpersonal upplever sina arbetsvillkor och vad som kan locka fler att arbeta inom hemsjukvården.The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of working in home health care and thus enhance the understanding and knowledge of the conditions of night work. The study had a qualitative descriptive design and fourteen nurses answered the questionnaires. The material was analysed using content analysis. The analysis resulted from a theme with the following categories: night work as a choice for practical reasons, broader perspective gives job satisfaction and the recognition of the complexity of the work gives a sense of dissatisfaction. The majority of the nurses chose to work in night patrol to earn extra money, as well as the close proximity to their work. All the nurses emphasised the importance of having enough time at home visits. Most men, however, considered their skills too advanced for the tasks they performed in home nursing. That they then chose to remain with the night patrol was because they experienced their work as independent, free and stimulating. The nurses said that they felt left out when it came to decisions. Several complained that the managers had no understanding of their working conditions. The need for home care will increase and more staff will be needed. To recruit and retain nurses within home care is a challenge. It is therefore important to find out how health professionals perceive their working conditions and discover what might attract more people to work in home health care.
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Munõz, Vanessa Nathalia Vargas. "Detection and quantification of Colletotrichum abscissum from leaves of budwood increase block and citrus nursery plants by real time PCR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-22112018-154045/.
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Brazil is the largest citrus producer in the world and has a large global citrus market share. However, several diseases affect the crop, being postbloom fruit drop (PFD) one of them. PFD has gained importance in São Paulo State for the displacement of citrus areas to regions with weather conditions more favorable for this disease. The accurate identification of the causal agent of the PFD has been performed and it was renamed as Colletotrichum abscissum. The origin of the initial inoculum is still an enigma for PFD epidemics and the hypotheses that the initial inoculum could be present in propagation material have been discussed but it has never been demonstrated. The objective of this work was to detect and quantify Colletotrichum abscissum from citrus leaves of budwood increase block and citrus nursery plants by qPCR. Four commercial citrus farms from São Paulo State, Brazil with budwood increase block and citrus nursery plants of Pera and Valencia sweet orange varieties were used for this work. C. abscissum was detected in budwood increase block and in nursery plant in both varieties (Valencia and Pera) at the four farms sampled. Out of 122 budwood increase block samples, 89 (73%) were positive for C. absicissum. From nursery plants, out of 175 samples, 129 (73%) were detected with the pathogen. The majority of the positive samples of budwood increase blocks and nursery plants contained 10 to 200 and 10 to 400 conidia of C. absicissum, respectively. With the methods used was not possible to isolate the fungus from vegetative material. This finding suggests a new long distances dispersion type of C. abscissum in the cycle of postbloom fruit drop by propagation material. Confirmation of C. abscissum in budwood increase block and nursery plants would lead to update regulations for the production of certified citrus nursery trees and searching for new control strategies of the pathogen.O Brasil é o maior produtor de citros do mundo e possui uma grande participação no mercado global de citros. No entanto, várias doenças afetam a cultura, sendo uma delas a podridão floral dos citros (PFC). PFC ganhou importância no Estado de São Paulo pelo deslocamento de áreas de citros para regiões com condições climáticas mais favoráveis para a doença. A identificação precisa do agente causal do PFC foi realizada, tendo sido renomeado como Colletotrichum abscissum. A origem do inóculo inicial ainda é um enigma para as epidemias de PFC e as hipóteses do que o inóculo inicial poderia estar presente no material de propagação já foram discutidas, mas nunca foram demonstradas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar e quantificar Colletotrichum abscissum em folhas de borbulheiras e mudas de citros por meio de qPCR. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas quatro fazendas comerciais de citros do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, com borbulheiras e viveiros de mudas de citros das variedades laranja Pera e Valência. C. abscissum foi detectado em borbulheiras e em mudas em ambas as variedades (Valência e Pêra) nas quatro fazendas amostradas. Das 122 amostras de folhas de borbulheiras, 89 (73%) foram positivas para C. absicissum. Das 175 amostras de folhas de mudas de citros, 129 (73%) foram detectadas com o patógeno. A maioria das amostras positivas de borbulheiras e mudas de citros continham 10 a 200 e 10 a 400 conídios de C. absicissum, respectivamente. Com os métodos utilizados, não foi possível isolar o fungo do material vegetativo. Esta descoberta sugere um novo tipo de dispersão a longas distâncias de C. abscissum no ciclo de podridão floral dos citros por meio do material de propagação. A confirmação de C. abscissum nas borbulheiras e mudas de citros levaria à atualização da regulamentação para a produção de mudas de citros certificadas e à busca de novas estratégias de controle do patógeno.
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Hardcastle, Mary-Ann Rose. "The dialectic of control: A critical ethnography of renal nurses’ decision-making." Thesis, 2004. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1208/1/01front.pdf.
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Renal disease in Australia is increasing at an alarming rate. Many of the patients presenting with renal failure are from rural and remote areas where renal and other health care services are minimal. What services are available tend to be predominantly managed by nurses because of the way that renal services are organised in regional areas. Consequently, there is an assumption that renal nurses are autonomous in their practice and accountable for the decisions they make. The purpose of this study was to explore these assumptions within the bounds and context of a regional renal unit. The aim of the study was to increase nurses’ awareness about their responsibility when taking on expanded nursing roles in terms of their decision-making ability, and capacity, and what this means in terms of accountability.
Critical ethnography was adopted as the methodology to explore the nature of decision-making in the renal unit context. Particular emphasis was placed on how nurses used their knowledge during daily routine practice. Carspecken’s (1996) five-stage method of critical ethnography incorporated periods of prolonged participant-observation, structured and unstructured interviews and documentation review. Concepts from Giddens’ (1984) structuration theory provided a theoretical framework that sensitised the researcher to certain ‘aspects of nursing practice’ to guide data collection and analysis. These, in turn, provided major chapter headings for the thesis: decision-making across time-space encounters (Contextuality), the rules and resources (Social Structures) available for decision-makers and the nurses’ ability and skills (Knowledgeability). In addition, Giddens (1984) ‘Dialectic of Control’ was threaded throughout the finding chapters as a major theme that addressed the nurses’ capacity (power and control) to make and implement decisions. Collectively the researcher and participants gained new insights about decision-making practices, during reflection and dialogue, one learning from the other. It was assumed that if, and when, decision-making concerns were recognised, the nurses themselves could possibly make changes to their practice with the aim of enhancing patient outcomes.
Time-space played an important factor in controlling nurses’ decision-making, but this was often in complex and subtle ways. Encounters across time-space often controlled who made decisions and when. This alternating decision-making behaviour caused conflict and confusion that, at times, undermined some nurses’ authority and overall responsibility as decision makers. Even though many nurses spoke about being autonomous decision makers, most unknowingly followed established routines and practices that was not always conducive to best-practice principles. Social structures, the rules and resources, could enable and constrain decision-making within this context. The rules that nurses ascribed to were not always known at a discursive level, therefore, rationale could not always be given for the decisions they made. When rules could be spoken about, not all the nurses followed them. Reasons for breaching unit rules varied such as out-dated rules or policies, limited resources that required ‘short-cuts’ and, at times, no recognition that rules were being broken. Knowing the rules and prescribing to routine practices provided a sense of safety as the nurses made decisions. This did not necessarily mean that best decisions were being made but gave a presentation that the decisions being made were satisfactory. Knowledgeability about the rules and resources available to nurses, and decision-making encounters across time-space, appeared to be a key feature that enabled the nurses to exercise their dialectic of control. When a nurse had, or perceived to have, control over the decisions they made, this, in turn, facilitated a sense of “being autonomous”. Despite this shared perception of being in control, several nurses remained frustrated and constrained by bureaucratic policies and hierarchical structures. However, the nurses, too, could create these constraints, knowingly or unknowingly, as they went about their day.
Recommendations resulting from these findings include that further research is required on certain aspects of decision-making such as the role emotions play when making decisions, how ethical issues embedded in routine practice are recognised, and how risk and uncertainty are acknowledged and then managed. When nurses do not question their decision-making roles, they can become constrained in their decision-making capacity and ability. Without deliberate reflection aspects that control nurses’ decision-making may never be exposed, thus changed. The implications of this study are central for both patient outcomes and the professional development of nursing.
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Hardcastle, Mary-Ann Rose. "The dialectic of control : a critical ethnography of renal nurses' decision-making /." 2004. http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/1208/1/01front.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Renal disease in Australia is increasing at an alarming rate. Many of the patients presenting with renal failure are from rural and remote areas where renal and other health care services are minimal. What services are available tend to be predominantly managed by nurses because of the way that renal services are organised in regional areas. Consequently, there is an assumption that renal nurses are autonomous in their practice and accountable for the decisions they make. The purpose of this study was to explore these assumptions within the bounds and context of a regional renal unit. The aim of the study was to increase nurses’ awareness about their responsibility when taking on expanded nursing roles in terms of their decision-making ability, and capacity, and what this means in terms of accountability. Critical ethnography was adopted as the methodology to explore the nature of decision-making in the renal unit context. Particular emphasis was placed on how nurses used their knowledge during daily routine practice. Carspecken’s (1996) five-stage method of critical ethnography incorporated periods of prolonged participant-observation, structured and unstructured interviews and documentation review. Concepts from Giddens’ (1984) structuration theory provided a theoretical framework that sensitised the researcher to certain ‘aspects of nursing practice’ to guide data collection and analysis. These, in turn, provided major chapter headings for the thesis: decision-making across time-space encounters (Contextuality), the rules and resources (Social Structures) available for decision-makers and the nurses’ ability and skills (Knowledgeability). In addition, Giddens (1984) ‘Dialectic of Control’ was threaded throughout the finding chapters as a major theme that addressed the nurses’ capacity (power and control) to make and implement decisions. Collectively the researcher and participants gained new insights about decision-making practices, during reflection and dialogue, one learning from the other. It was assumed that if, and when, decision-making concerns were recognised, the nurses themselves could possibly make changes to their practice with the aim of enhancing patient outcomes. Time-space played an important factor in controlling nurses’ decision-making, but this was often in complex and subtle ways. Encounters across time-space often controlled who made decisions and when. This alternating decision-making behaviour caused conflict and confusion that, at times, undermined some nurses’ authority and overall responsibility as decision makers. Even though many nurses spoke about being autonomous decision makers, most unknowingly followed established routines and practices that was not always conducive to best-practice principles. Social structures, the rules and resources, could enable and constrain decision-making within this context. The rules that nurses ascribed to were not always known at a discursive level, therefore, rationale could not always be given for the decisions they made. When rules could be spoken about, not all the nurses followed them. Reasons for breaching unit rules varied such as out-dated rules or policies, limited resources that required ‘short-cuts’ and, at times, no recognition that rules were being broken. Knowing the rules and prescribing to routine practices provided a sense of safety as the nurses made decisions. This did not necessarily mean that best decisions were being made but gave a presentation that the decisions being made were satisfactory. Knowledgeability about the rules and resources available to nurses, and decision-making encounters across time-space, appeared to be a key feature that enabled the nurses to exercise their dialectic of control. When a nurse had, or perceived to have, control over the decisions they made, this, in turn, facilitated a sense of “being autonomous”. Despite this shared perception of being in control, several nurses remained frustrated and constrained by bureaucratic policies and hierarchical structures. However, the nurses, too, could create these constraints, knowingly or unknowingly, as they went about their day. Recommendations resulting from these findings include that further research is required on certain aspects of decision-making such as the role emotions play when making decisions, how ethical issues embedded in routine practice are recognised, and how risk and uncertainty are acknowledged and then managed. When nurses do not question their decision-making roles, they can become constrained in their decision-making capacity and ability. Without deliberate reflection aspects that control nurses’ decision-making may never be exposed, thus changed. The implications of this study are central for both patient outcomes and the professional development of nursing.
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Chin, Pei-Ju, and 秦珮孺. "Studies on the Professional Knowledge of Nephrology Nurses on End-Stage Renal Disease." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11969785136055425109.
Full textAbstract:
碩士弘光科技大學
護理研究所
97
As the lifestyle and eating habits of modern people change, hypertension, diabetes and kidney diseases are becoming more and more prevalent. Of these chronic complications, end-stage renal disease is receiving the most attention; therefore taking care of chronic kidney disease patients is extremely important in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of nursing staffs working in the nephrology wards and hemodialysis rooms on end stage renal disease. A number of aspects were discussed in detail; such as the relation of end stage renal disease knowledge with respect to the characteristics of staff demography; the relationship between nephrology ward nursing staffs and their participations in the in-service education of chronic kidney diseases; and the association between participating in the in-service education of chronic kidney disease and the grasp of knowledge of end stage renal disease. The cross-sectional study, applying a questionnaire survey method, takes study samples from all nursing staffs working in nephrology wards and hemodialysis centers in a central medical center and four regional teaching hospitals which are randomly chosen in the region of central Taiwan, 214 valid questionnaires copies received. The results showed that there were distinct differences in the level of knowledge of healthcare workers with respect to their age, education, hospital morphology, licensure, years of experience and working stations. The number of hours spent on in-service education was directly proportional to the understanding of end stage renal diseases; furthermore hospital morphology, licensure and working stations also have dramatic impacts. Nursing staffs who work in hemodialysis rooms had a better level of understanding of end stage renal diseases, and they also participated more in in-service education. Therefore, in-service education can promote personal expertise of nursing staffs; subsequently the quality of nursing care can be enhanced and misconceptions can be amended.
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Masotti, Tahlia. "Knowledge, skills, and attitudes of renal nurses working with patients undergoing haemodialysis who fear needles." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/133229.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available electronically.Thousands of Australians living with end-stage kidney disease undergo haemodialysis at least three times per week to survive. The process involves the insertion and removal of two large needles into the veins of the arm each session. Although needle fear is common in patients undergoing haemodialysis, little research has been conducted that investigates appropriate strategies for minimising fear. Even less is known about how the renal nurses responsible for the insertion and removal of the needles work with fearful patients undergoing haemodialysis. Therefore, the focus of the present research is to identify the core knowledge, skills, and attitudes of renal nurses, and how they approach working with dialysis patients experiencing fear of needles. Seventeen pre-existing interviews with South Australian renal nurses were analysed via thematic analysis to explore the experiences of working with patients undergoing haemodialysis. Information was coded according to a competency framework, detailing thirty-six features of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) of nurses regarding the management of patients’ needle fear. KSAs were then categorised to describe seven competencies pertinent to renal nursing and working with patients with fear of needles. Two main themes: Flexibility, and Responsibility, overarched all KSAs and competencies. The challenging and multi-faceted nature of needle fear was detailed by participants as a hindrance to effective care. Recommendations for continued professional development for renal nurses are suggested, highlighting the need for the education and resources specific to working with patients with needle fear. Findings are translatable across multiple healthcare settings, not only in renal nursing.
Thesis (B.PsychSc(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2021
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Lu, Hui-Lien, and 陸慧蓮. "A study on the knowledge of hospice care and curriculum needs assessment among nurses ~ end-stage renal disease as an example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/beww7w.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
醫護教育暨數位學習研究所
106
This study aimed to explore nursing staff's knowledge on hospice care for end-stage renal disease and their curriculum needs. The study was conducted on nursing staff in a regional teaching hospital in New Taipei City. A questionnaire survey was conducted. 149 valid questionnaires were returned and the response rate was 93%. The data were deduced by SPSS 21.0 descriptive statistics, independent test t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s method, and Pearson's product correlation. The study found that: (1) The nurses' overall comprehension level of hospice care for end-stage nephropathy is medium to high. The dimensions, listed in order from the one with highest scores, included the concept of care, spiritual care, palliative dialysis, legal regulations, notification of illness, pain control, emergent treatment, and end-of-life care; (2) As to the design of curriculum, the following is the dimensions listed in order from the one with the most learning demand. It started with contents about the concept, the end-of-life care, the legal regulations, the palliative dialysis, and life support. (3) The most favored learning methods are from classroom multi-media teaching and case discussion. Behind them followed digital self-learning system, and then face-to-face classroom teaching, and at last role-playing; (4) The comprehension on hospice care for End-stage renal disease was affected by gender, education level, department the individual worked in, the experience of taking care of end-stage renal disease or end-of-life patients, and whether recent on-the-job education mentioned related topics.(5) Needs each individual looked for in curriculum differed between genders and each education levels. (6) There is a significant positive correlation of the dimensions between comprehension of end-stage nephropathy and curriculum needs for hospice care of end-stage renal disease. (7) Needs for different instructional styles is significantly positively related to the needs for cognition of end-stage nephropathy hospice care. The results of the study will serve as a reference for the planning of in-service education courses for nursing staff, thereby improving the quality of care provided by clinical neurses for end-stage renal disease.
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Yang, Yu-Hui, and 楊渝惠. "Using Online Interactive Simulation Teaching Material to Assess the Learning Effectiveness for Critical Care Nurses – A Case Study on Alarm Troubleshooting of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bxw78k.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
醫護教育暨數位學習研究所
107
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a common treatment for critically-ill patients with acute kidney injury. However, patient prognosis may not be compromised if the CRRT care is inappropriately performed. In the real world, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses have limited opportunities to practice alarm troubleshooting, to reflect on feedbacks, and to be evaluated again. Therefore, in order to improve the nursing skills of critical care nurses on handling CRRT alarm troubleshooting, nursing staff can continue to practice using the online interactive simulation exercise in the safe online environment until they are well-trained. The study purpose was to investigate the learning outcomes of critical care nurses after the intervention of the online interactive simulation exercise on CRRT alarm troubleshooting training. The outcomes were evaluated by the CRRT alarm troubleshooting knowledge test, self-evaluation, learning satisfaction, material satisfaction, and feedback. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design which included pre-tests, post-tests, and delay-tests in a single group of 82 ICU nurses from a medical center of Taipei City, Taiwan. The nurses must have CRRT care experience and completed the technical examination. All nurses received the pre-, post- and delay-tests before and after the intervention. The content of the pre-test included a knowledge test and a self-evaluation. After three weeks of intervention using the online materials, the nurses must complete the learning records and provide feedback. The post-test includes a knowledge test, a self-evaluation, and satisfaction surveys of both the online tool and the materials. After six to eight weeks, the delay-test were conducted including a knowledge test and a self-evaluation. Data analysis was performed used SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics and Generalized estimating equation analysis. The results of the study showed that: (1) The average scores of the knowledge on CRRT alarm care were significantly higher in the post-test and delay-test comparing with the pre-test. (2) The average scores of CRRT care self-evaluation were also significantly higher in the post-test and delay-test than that in the pre-test. (3) The average satisfaction scores for the learning experience using the online simulation interactive exercise was 4.15 (SD = 0.65). (4) The average satisfaction scores for the online materials was 4.21 (SD = 0.57), and the overall satisfaction was 84.2%. (5) Qualitative analysis and the overall feedback toward the online interactive simulation exercise included promoting clinical knowledge, cultivating the clinical skills of critical care, cultivating the clinical confidence in critical care, advantages of digital learning, suggestions and restrictions of digital learning, recommending digital learning for future on-the-job training. Based on the results of this study, we have the following suggestions: (1)The application of the online interactive, situational simulation exercise could be promoted in clinical nursing education; (2)Teacher training program could be arranged to encourage clinical teachers to combine professional knowledge with information technology; (3)Clinical scenarios may be combined into the online interactive simulation exercises for medical education; (4)Teaching materials are provided for applying Scratch to design online interactive, situational simulation exercises; Hence, we could access the learning effectiveness of the online situational simulation interactive teaching materials and use it to solve clinical problems, thereby achieving the goal of providing safe and high-quality care for critically ill patients on continuous hemodialysis.
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Lin, Liang-Yu, and 林亮佑. "Real-Time NURBS Interpolation in CNC." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75224872201176702670.
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Yeh, Chih-hua, and 葉志華. "The Study on Real-Time Look-Ahead NURBS Interpolation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32018168910217756222.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
光機電整合工程所
94
For conventional CNC machines to perform molding machining, the mold shapes and desired tool paths designed by the CAD/CAM systems are typically approximated with piecewise line or circular segments. Hence, the corresponding NC codes, G01 and G02/03, are generated and loaded into the CNC machines. Such procedure is undesirable in real applications for the following reasons: (i) heavy transmission load between CAD/CAM and CNC machines; (ii) the discontinuity of segmentation deteriorates surface accuracy; and (iii) unsmooth motion, especially in acceleration and deceleration. These drawbacks reveal that the conventional approach will not meet the requirements of high-speed, highly accurate machining of today’s industry. In recent years, the interpolation in parametric forms takes the place of the conventional linear and circular interpolation progressively. Bezier, B-Spline and non-uniform rational B-Spline (NURBS) are representative of these parametric curves. Especially, NURBS curves possess the weights to attain local shape control have been the favorable representation by CAD/CAM engineers. Some famous CNC manufacturers, like FANUC and Siemens, have high-level productions provided with NURBS interpolation. As a result NURBS curves have been the most efficient and standard representations among these CAD/CAM/CNC systems. For this reason, this thesis proposes a real-time NURBS interpolator with look-ahead function. The real-time NURBS interpolator deals with conventional G01, G02 and G03 codes and fits them into NURBS curves. The Continuous short blocks (CSB) criterion is used to classify G01 blocks into either CSBs or not. Accordingly, these NC blocks satisfying CSB criterion are fitted into NURBS curves in order to reduce tool’s unnecessary acceleration and deceleration. This method can overcome the disadvantages of conventional CNC machining and gain high-speed, highly accurate performance. Finally, under a PC-based control system developed in-house, four different NC programs possessing a large number of short blocks are tested. Experiments show that the proposed real-time NURBS Interpolator with look-ahead function satisfies the requirements of today’s CNC machines.
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Wang, Jun-Bin, and 王俊斌. "Development of A Universal Real-time NURBS-based Interpolator." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78846502812783281789.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中正大學
機械工程學系暨研究所
99
NURBS trajectory generation techniques for NC machining have been widely addressed in many researches for NURBS model can be used to describe any shape from a simple 2D curve to the most complex 3D free-form surface. Most of the previous works are mainly focused on high-speed and high-precision machining, and therefore the architecture of control system based on ISO 6983, i.e. the standard of G codes including G01, G02 and G03, is obviously huge and hard to maintain. Thus, this dissertation presents a universal NURBS trajectory generation algorithm that can show the superiority of the NURBS interpolation and simplify the architecture of system. There are two issues in this dissertation. One is the fitting criterion of short segments and the other is the conversion of long segments. The interpolation of short segments has attracted more interest since the vigorous development of 3D scanning technologies. Consequently, this dissertation starts with the issue of short segments including the definition of short segments, the fitting criterion of continuous short blocks, and different kinds of curve fitting models for the short segments. Besides, with a view to simplify the architecture of interpolator, the linear (G01) and circular (G02/3) interpolations are replaced by unitary NURBS interpolation and the derivation of formulas for conversion is presented. Finally, the proposed algorithm and architecture are implemented and verified, which can perform time-critical processing and has been tested on a XY-table, along with an in-house developed open architecture controller. Adopting the design of multi-threads, the real-time operating system guarantees that each thread can acquire enough CPU usage to accomplish interpretation, look-ahead, interpolation and servo control respectively. The results of case study demonstrate that the proposed universal NURBS-based interpolator offers an attractive performance for high-speed and high-precision contouring. Keywords: NURBS, Interpolator, Real-time, Look-ahead, Fitting, CNC
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Wang, Sei-Bang, and 王世邦. "Fast Robust Real-Time NURBS Interpolation and Tool Radius Compensation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68800731934309405604.
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Kuo, Jou-Cheng, and 郭洲成. "Design and Implementation of Real-time NURBS Interpolators for CNC Servo Controllers." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94065794524971141500.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系
88
For conventional CNC machines to perform mold machining, the mold shape and desired tool path designed by the CAD/CAM are typically approximated with piecewise line segments or circular segments such that the corresponding NC codes can be generated. However, this approximation approach may result in several problems. This will not only considerably increase the size of CNC program and consume a large portion of CNC memory, but also decrease the feed rate of machining task. In addition, using piecewise line segments to approximate the designed curve (or surfaces) will result in velocity and acceleration discontinuity at the junction of line segments. These all indicate that the conventional approach is unable to meet the requirement of high-speed and high-accuracy machining. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a method that simply allow the CNC machines to machine the mold shapes directly based on the NURBS curves (or surfaces) designed by the CAD/CAM. Since the original NURBS curve is used, the contouring error due to the piecewise line segment approximation can be eliminated theoretically. Therefore, the goal of high-speed and high-accuracy machining can be achieved. Nevertheless, for a CNC controller to implement real-time NURBS curve cutting task, the key issues are the interpolation algorithms and how much time spent on the computation of NURBS curves and servo feedback control loop. In order to obtain a suitable approach, five kinds of NURBS interpolator algorithms are compared based on both the computational time and precision of geometry representation. In addition, due to the complexity of NURBS curve computation and the requirement of real-time control, all the real-time NURBS interpolations and servo control laws in this study are implemented using DSP.
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Li-Yeh, Chen. "The Compensation Strategies in Multi-axis Contouring Accuracy for Real-Time NURBS Curve." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0006-2507200511114400.
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Chen, Li-Yeh, and 陳立業. "The Compensation Strategies in Multi-axis Contouring Accuracy for Real-Time NURBS Curve." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/756q2z.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
自動化科技研究所
93
The objective of this thesis is to improve high-speed multi-axis motion contour accuracy based on a reliable multitasking real-time kernel. Therefore, this thesis will finish the following objects: 1.) constructing a real-time control system. 2.) command generator of multi-dimension motion trajectory 3.) multi-axis motion controller. By using the PC-based approach in motion control, the hardware and software flexibility are gained. Then, we should port a real-time multitasking kernel into PC-based platform to implement the motion control algorithm. The real-time operation system (RTOS) uC/OS-II is firstly ported in PC as the target RTOS because it has simple architecture and relatively easy to modify. Traditionally, the motion trajectory is approximated by many line and circular segments. Such approximation may result in several problems such as large contour error, increase of NC program size and data transfer load , etc. A real-time NURBS interpolator is proposed to overcome the above drawbacks. The corresponding position, velocity and acceleration commands are directly feed into the servo control loop. In the improved strategies of single axis, thesis proposed a feedback controller and feedforward control to improve the tracking performance. Unfortunately, good tracking performance for each individual axis doesn’t guarantee that the contour error will be reduced for multi-axis motion. The cross-coupling controller is developed to improve contouring accuracy by contouring error vector. Furthermore, the hybrid controller of feedforward and CCC are integrated to fit the high speed and high accuracy motion contour requirement. Finally, the above improved strategies in contouring accuracy for high speed motion control are verified by simulation and experimental results.
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Chien, Kuo-Hua, and 簡國華. "Control of a Slide Equilateral Triangle Parallel Manipulator by Real-Time NURBS Motion Interpolator." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03222627288672317453.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
96
Abstract Title of Dissertation: Control of a Slide Equilateral Triangle Parallel Manipulator by Real-Time NURBS Motion Interpolator Kuo-Hua Chien , Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Dissertation directed by: Professor Hua-Yi Chuang Department of Mechanical Engineering There are an increasing number of biotechnology, photoelectric, information, semiconductor and nanotechnology industrial applications where the profile of products is light and thin, short and small with freeform surface, it needs to offer a fast response and a very complex motion with many degrees of freedom system to fabricate. The parallel manipulators have high rigidity and accuracy, and high load capacity. The advantage of parallel manipulators over serial manipulators mean that the parallel manipulators have been used in any filed. The advantages of parallel manipulators over serial manipulators that parallel manipulators can be overcome the problem. This study was motivated by the problem of the trajectory generation method for control of a novel slide equilateral triangle parallel manipulator (SETPM) to provide a fast response and a very complex motion with many degrees of freedom system. This dissertation consists of the theoretical development and experiments. First of all, the kinematics and dynamics solutions consist of inverse and forward are derived and its singularity and workspace of the manipulator are analyzed. The parallel manipulator has compact configuration and no singularities in the workspace. Secondary, the conventional method utilizes the approximate method to obtain the characteristics of curves of the velocity and acceleration for control of manipulator in the joint space. The conventional method is simple. However, it cannot get the true velocity and true acceleration of the curve, but create a loss in accuracy. This study utilizes the differential geometry to obtain the true velocity and true acceleration of the curve, to develop the real-time NURBS motion interpolator command generation, to the motion dynamics of the SETPM including position, velocity and acceleration for control of the manipulator on a PC-based system. Also, this study presents two different types of controllers for controlling the parallel manipulator. The first method is a feedforward compensation scheme with proportional- derivate control based on the real-time NURBS motion interpolator command generation to replace inverse dynamic control, it reduces both the time to compute the inverse dynamic and the tracking error. The second method is an adaptive feedforward part with the inverse dynamic and nonlinear feedback loop based on the real-time NURBS motion interpolator command generation. The adaptive feedforward control algorithm ensures a parameter adaptation law that satisfies the Lyapunov-based stability theory of uncertain systems. On the basis of the experimental results, we can conclude that the proposed real-time NURBS motion interpolator command generation for the two types of feedforward compensation with feedback PD controllers has also been successfully applied to a novel slide equilateral triangle parallel manipulator on a personal computer to achieve fast and precise motion. The results of this research provide a fast response and a very complex motion with many degrees of freedom system which can apply to various kinds of engineering applications.
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Cheng, Chung-Wei, and 鄭中緯. "Design and Implementation of Real-time NURBS Curve and Surface Interpolators for Motion Controllers." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48763572027740817342.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
91
NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline) has been widely used in commercial CAD systems for geometric representation of part shapes, especially for free-form curves and surfaces. However, traditional CNC controllers only provide line and circular interpolators, that is, only motion along straight line and circular paths are supported. In order to perform mold machining, the tool paths are approximated to many short linear or circular segments by CAM systems before being downloaded to the CNC controllers. Such approximation may result in several problems such as large contouring error, increase of NC program sizes and data transfer load, velocity discontinuity, shocks or variations in mechanical systems and low machining efficiency. To overcome these drawbacks, novel real-time NURBS curve and surface interpolators are developed in this dissertation. The proposed methods include: (1) a simple method to efficiently compute the NURBS curve (surface) with its derivatives in real-time; (2) a predictor-corrector interpolator (PCI) for the machining of parts with NURBS curves, whereby it can be ensured that the feedrate command errors will fall within the specified feedrate command tolerances. In addition, the mathematical analysis and convergence condition of the corrector are also presented; (3) algorithms for the “ACC/DEC before feedrate interpolation” based on the real-time variable feedrate NURBS curve interpolator. The ACC/DEC (acceleration/deceleration) planning on the feedrate command executes before the interpolation takes place, so that the path command errors caused by conventional ACC/DEC planning using the after federate interpolation can be eliminated; and (4) a novel real-time NURBS surface interpolator that is capable of real-time generation of cutter location (CL) motion command for ball-end milling of NURBS surfaces and maintaining a constant cutter contact (CC) velocity along the CC path and its intervals. The efficiency and quality of machining can be improved significantly since the CC velocity along the surface is kept constant. These methods are evaluated on a multi-axis servomechanism with a DSP-based motion control system. Experimental results have indicated that these techniques are effective to significantly reduce the contouring error, decrease the data transfer load, and improve the machining efficiency and quality.
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Wu, Shin-Hung, and 巫信宏. "Selective Laser Sintering of Silver Nanoparticle Inks with Real-Time 3D NURBS Curve Interpolator." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tbtmk8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
機械工程系所
105
In this paper, we combine selective laser sintering with real-time 3D NURBS curve interpolator. Using the characteristic of silver nanoparticle has a great absorption rate at a specific wavelength. Choosing the 532 nm laser system to explore how to sintering the silver nanoparticle that coating on the flexible substrate. Utilizing the NURBS curve interpolator to replace the linear approximation curve as the laser sin-tering path. To avoid the linear approximation curve cause the speed change greatly and lead to destroy flexible substrate by local heat accumulation. It will bring the poor sintering result. Aim the laser power from 300 mW to 1000 mW and the laser scanning speed from 100 mm/min to 600 mm/min respectively to test the appropriate laser parameters for silver nanoparticle sintering. Verify after sintering, the optimum sheet resistance can reduce from 670 mΩ/□ to 209 mΩ/□. Then combine the 3D NURBS curve interpolator as the laser sintering path to enhance the conductivity of silver nanoparti-cle after sintering and implement this concept in 3D. Finally, a spatial spiral curve is demonstrated.
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Prehn, Alison E. "A gravimetric approach to real-time monitoring of substrate water content in container-grown nursery crops." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07142008-081244/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Kao, Tien-I., and 高天一. "An error-bounded multidimensional curve fitting and real-time interpolator with Acc/Dec in NURBS." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gnfjk7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
自動化科技研究所
98
This thesis proposes the novel NURBS fitting and NURBS interpolator algorithms for motion control applications. The “offset window” is used to evaluate the fitting quality based on the Hausdorff distance of discrete points and the corresponding points located on the NURBS curve. Then, the number of control points will be increased to improve the fitting quality according to the evaluating results. For the NURBS interpolator, we first find out the sharp corners, which have local maximum curvature on the NURBS curve, and then cut the NURBS curve into a lot of segments based on the above corners. The feedrate in starting and ending corners for each segment are calculated by the adaptive federate method. Then, this thesis proposes the “Lowest Velocity Precedence planning (LVP)” method, which aims the chord accuracy and limitation of acceleration to plan the feederate profile for motion control. The LVP method can dramatically reduce the feederate re-planning numbers when both the NURBS curve is cut into many short segments and the acceleration capability is bounded. After the federate planning process, the position commands of the servo loop will be calculated in each sampling time according to the generated federate profile. Finally, the feasibility of our proposed algorithms is verified by the simulation and experiment results in a PC_based real time control system with a multi-axis platform.
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Ondrůšková, Monika. "Role sestry v péči o pacienta na eliminačních metodách." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330040.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of thesis was to map the care of nurses and paramedics for patients on continuous renal replecemant therapy. Find out what nurses/paramedics have difficulty taking care of the patients and what would have welcomed into practice to improve care. The theoretical part focuses on the description of the method of elimination, nursing care and competence of health professionals in the care of patients on elimination method. The research was compiled by the method of quantitative research, for whose realization was used a questionnaire. The questionnaire was intended for nurses and paramedics caring for patients on continuous elimination method. For statistical data processing was used responses from 105 respondents working in the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. The results of the survey indicate that nurses and paramedic extensively involved in the specialized care of patient with continuous elimination method. Medical staff perceived as the most difficult managing a large number of skills associated with the preparation and handling of elimination device in this area. On the basis of these findings was prepared brochure focusing on continuous elimination method, which is the output of this work. Key words: nurse, continuous renal replecemat threrapy, hemodialysis, intensive...