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1
Shafik, I. M. "Effects of magnesium infusion on renal calcium excretion." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379137.
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Saxby, Mark Fraser. "An analysis of the effects and effectiveness of medical and surgical treatments on the kidney." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243308.
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Fedele, Fiammetta. "Acoustic sensing of renal stone fragmentation in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63228/.
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This thesis describes the research carried out by the author on the exploitation of acoustic emissions detected during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (a non-invasive procedure for the treatment of urinary stones) to develop a new diagnostic system. The work formed part of a research project on lithotripsy undertaken by the University of Southampton in collaboration with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (London) and a UK based company, Precision Acoustics Ltd (Dorchester). It takes to a clinical conclusion the proposition made by Leighton and Coleman in 1992 that it might be possible to build a sensor which would automatically exploit these passive acoustic emissions to monitor the efficacy of a lithotripsy treatment. The work, predominantly experimental, involved both in vitro and in vivo investigations. In particular, a first prototype diagnostic system (i.e. sensor plus analysis software) was developed and tested in vitro during trials which included the use of a novel cavitation sensor (on loan from the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington) and stone phantoms designed by the author. This initial system was, then, refined and tested during clinical trials that involved 130 patients. A preliminary trial on 51 patients aimed at refining the system and gathering knowledge on the features of emissions recorded in vivo to produce an on-line monitoring system. This trial was followed by other two trials that compared the output of the on-line acoustic system against the ‘gold standard’ X-Ray assessment of treatments outcomes. The former of these two trials involved 30 patients, and empirically defined the values of the key parameters (identified during the in vitro tests) that would be used as the basis of the diagnosis. In particular, a classification rule of treatments as being successful or unsuccessful was identified, and shown to agree significantly (kappa=0.95) with the ‘gold standard’ follow-up assessment. The latter trial tested the final system on 49 patients and confirmed an accurate treatment classification (kappa=0.94) in terms of the successful/unsuccessful criterion.
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Asselman, Marino. "Hyaluronan biology and regulation in renal tubular epithelial cells and its role in kidney stone disease." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13147.
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Rice, Sarah Jayne. "A translational approach to investigate the role of membrane transport proteins in the renal stone disease, cystinuria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3201.
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In the kidney, unbound amino acids are freely filtered into the lumen of the nephron. For reabsorption to occur, they must be transported across the phospholipid bilayers of the tubular epithelium by selective transport systems. Mutations in these transport systems can lead to disease though a conferred lack of amino acid re-absorption. One such disease is cystinuria, caused by mutations in SLC3A1 and SLC7A9, which encode the two protein subunits of System b0,+, rBAT and b0,+AT, respectively. In healthy individuals System b0,+ mediates Na+- independent reabsorption of dibasic amino acids, and the cysteine dimer, cystine, in exchange for neutral amino acids. In cystinuric patients, these amino acids are not sufficiently reabsorbed causing a dibasic aminoaciduria and the precipitation of cystine crystals, leading to the formation of renal calculi. A cohort of cystinuric patients was recruited to the study, and both genes were screened for causal variants. A range of techniques was employed to enable the detection of small point mutations and large genomic rearrangements. Four novel missense variants were detected in SLC3A1. These were M465K, N254T, L416P and Y579D. In silico homology modeling of rBAT against the crystal structure of B. cereus oligo-1,6-glucosidase (PDB code 1UOK), predicted the location of these mutations in the extracellular domain of the protein. When rBAT cRNA was injected into Xenopus oocytes, uptake of the prototypical System b0,+ substrate [3H]arginine was observed, following the association of human rBAT with an endogenous oocyte light chain. A series of techniques was optimised to allow the characterisation of FLAG-tagged rBAT function and expression in oocytes, 1-6 days postinjection of cRNA. Mutations in rBAT lead to a mis-folding of the protein and its early degradation in the ER, preventing successful trafficking of the System b0,+ heterodimer to the renal epithelial membrane. This aberrant trafficking leads to reduced rBAT expression and System b0,+ activity in oocytes. Functional characterisation of the novel mutant proteins led to a decrease in the Vmax of [3H]arginine transport. Over-expression of rBAT in oocytes apparently overcomes the defect and leads to a recovery of function over time. However, [3H]arginine uptake in M465Kexpressing oocytes was still lower than that observed with wild-type rBAT even at 6 days postinjection. These data were supported by immunofluorescent detection of rBAT and the mutant proteins at the plasma membrane of oocytes. Western blotting of total membrane proteins from oocytes expressing mutated rBAT showed decreased total protein, suggestive of an increased rate of degradation associated with the pathogenic variants. An increased understanding of the effect of these mutations on the biogenesis of rBAT will contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of cystinuria.
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Babovic, Medina, and Dana Mohammed. "Lågdos-protokolls betydelse vid utredning av misstänkt njursten med datortomografi : En systematisk litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84590.
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Bakgrund: Stenar i njurar respektive urinvägar är ett växande problem både i Sverige samt i hela världen. Anledningen till den ökade incidensen av njursten anses vara oklar, däremot kan ändrade kostvanor förslagsvis vara bidragande orsak. Datortomografi (DT) anses vara förstahandsalternativet vid utredning av misstänkta njurstenar där DT har bra förmåga att kartlägga antalet stenar, bestämma storlek samt lokalisera stenarna. Tidigare forskning visar att ultra-lågdos samt lågdos har höga färdigheter i sensitivitet samt specificitet. Däremot avkastas jämförelser av detektering av stenar med standarddos DT. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att utforska om hur exponeringen skiljer sig med användandet av låg-dos protokoll i jämförelse med standardprotokoll. Utforska om hur mycket stråldosen kunde sänkas med lågdosprotokoll samt förmågan att detektera stenar. Fokus kommer att ligga på stråldosreducering samt specificitet och sensitivitet i utredning för njurstensmisstanke med datortomografi. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie använder sig av databaser som Pubmed för eftersökningen av vetenskapliga artiklar. Materialet samlades in och bearbetades i enlighet med Forsberg & Wengströms riktlinjer. Resultat: Resultatet till denna studie baseras på 10 valda artiklar från databasen Pubmed. Resultatet presenteras i tre underkategorier, storlek av sten, exponering samt sensitivitet/specificitet. Konklusion: Lågdosprotokoll kunde konkurrera med standardprotokoll gällande detektion av stenar, stenar under 3 mm kan vara svåra att detektera med lågdosprotokoll. Stråldosen reducerades med mer än hälften och bibehöll samtidigt tillräckligt bra kvalitet. Patienter bestrålas med mer än dubbelt så mycket i effektiv dos (ED) med användning av standardprotokoll än med låg-dos protokoll.
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Marchini, Giovanni Scala. "Influência do cálculo ureteral silencioso sobre a função renal antes e após o tratamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-04022016-101154/.
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Sua história natural e o real risco à função renal foram pouco estudados. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do cálculo ureteral silencioso sobre a função renal antes a após o tratamento, procurando por fatores preditivos de uma melhor evolução. Material e Método: O cálculo ureteral silencioso foi definido como aquele em que o paciente não apresentava nenhum sintoma subjetivo ou objetivo a ele relacionado. Os pacientes com cálculo ureteral silencioso foram prospectivamente incluídos no estudo, sendo avaliados com 99mTc-DMSA, creatinina sérica (Cr), ritmo de filtração glomerular (RFG) e ultrassonografia (USG) no pré-tratamento, três e 12 meses após o mesmo. Pacientes que receberam tratamento fora de nossa instituição e aqueles com avaliação perioperatória incompleta foram excluídos. A análise estatística incluiu os testes de ANOVA, Qui-quadrado/Fisher, e regressão logística/múltipla. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p<0,05. Resultados: Entre jan/2006 e jan/2014, 26 pacientes com cálculo ureteral silencioso, correspondendo a 2,1% de todos os cálculos ureterais tratados, preencheram os critérios de inclusão do estudo. Treze pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com idade média de 59,3 ± 11,3 anos. O diagnóstico do cálculo foi relacionado a uma causa urológica em 14 (53,8%) casos. O diâmetro e densidade média dos cálculos era de 11,8 ± 2,8 mm e 1201 ± 272 UH, respectivamente. Apenas dois pacientes não apresentavam hidronefrose ao USG inicial e a espessura média do parênquima renal era 10,7 ± 4,1 mm. Os valores médios pré-operatórios de Cr, RFG e 99mTc-DMSA foram 1,24 ± 0.87 mg/dl, 72,5 ± 25.2 mL/min e 33,4 ± 16,7%, respectivamente. Vinte (77%) pacientes apresentavam 99mTc-DMSA < 45% no exame inicial. Regressão múltipla revelou que idade (p=0,041) e espessura do parênquima renal (p=0,001) predizem o valor do 99mTc-DMSA inicial. Quando comparados com os valores pré-operatórios, a Cr (p=0,89), o RFG (p=0,48) e a função renal ao 99mTc-DMSA (p=0,19) permaneceram inalterados com três e 12 meses após o tratamento. A hidronefrose apresentou melhora três meses após o tratamento (p < 0,01), mas manteve-se inalterada no período entre três e 12 meses (p=0,06). Nenhuma variável pré-operatória foi capaz de prever uma variação > 5% do 99mTc-DMSA entre pré e pós-operatório, sendo que o tamanho do cálculo (p=0,12) e tempo para tratamento (p=0,15) tiveram influência marginal. Conclusão: O cálculo ureteral silencioso está associado à diminuição da função renal e algum grau de hidronefrose já ao diagnóstico. Idade, espessura do parênquima renal e grau de hidronefrose predizem o valor inicial do 99mTc-DMSA. Enquanto a hidronefrose regride após a remoção do calculo, a função renal se mantém inalterada. Nenhum fator conseguiu predizer significativamente a evolução da função renal ao 99mTc-DMSA doze meses após o tratamentoIntroduction: Ureteral stones may be asymptomatic in 0.3-5.3% of patients. The natural history and the disease influence on renal function have been poorly studied. Objective: to evaluate the impact of silent ureteral stone on renal function before and after treatment, searching for predictive factor of better outcomes. Material and Method: A ureteral stone was defined as silent if the patient had no subjective/objective symptoms related to the calculus. Patients with a silent ureteral stone were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated with 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy, serum creatinine (Cr), Cr clearance (CrCl) and ultrasound (USG) pre and post-operatively on months three and 12. Patients treated outside our institution or with incomplete perioperative evaluation were excluded. ANOVA, Chi-square/Fisher test, and regression analysis were used. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Between Jan/06-Jan/14, 26 patients with silent ureteral stones met our inclusion criteria, comprising 2.1% of all ureteral stones treated at our institution. Half of patients were female, mean age was 59.3 ± 11.3 years-old. Stone diagnosis was related to a urological cause in 14 (53.8%) cases. Mean stone diameter and density were 11.8 ± 2.8 mm and 1201 ± 272 HU, respectively. Only two patients had no hydronephrosis at initial USG evaluation and mean renal parenchyma thickness was 10.7 ± 4.1mm. Mean preoperative Cr, CrCl and 99mTc-DMSA were 1.24 ± 0.87 mg/dL, 72.5 ± 25.2 mL/min and 33.4 ± 16.7%, respectively. Twenty (77%) patients had 99mTc-DMSA < 45% at initial examination. Multiple regression revealed age (p=0.041) and renal parenchyma thickness (p=0.001) to predict initial 99mTc-DMSA. When compared to preoperative values, Cr (p=0.89), CrCl (p=0.48) and 99mTc-DMSA (p=0.19) remained unaltered three and 12 months postoperatively. Hydronephrosis improved from before to three months after treatment (p < 0.01), but remained unchanged from three to 12 months (p=0.06). No preoperative variable was able to predict a > 5% variation on 99mTc-DMSA from pre to postoperative periods, though stone size (p=0.12) and time to treatment (p=0.15) had a marginal influence. Conclusion: Silent ureteral stones are associated with decreased renal function and hydronephrosis already at diagnosis. Age, renal parenchyma thickness and degree of hydronephrosis predict initial 99mTc-DMSA. Hydronephrosis tends to diminish after stone removal, while renal function remains stable. No preoperative factor significantly predicted renal function progression twelve months postoperatively
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Theka, Takalani P. "Studies of genetic, gastrointestinal, renal and dietary factors in white and black South African subjects as a possible key to understanding the relative absence of calcium oxalate kidney stone disease in the black population." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6287.
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The incidence of urolithiasis in South Africa's black population is extremely rare «1%) while in the white population it is similar to that of western countries (-15%). The present thesis was aimed at shedding more light on the complex nature of the physicochemical, biochemical and physiological mechanisms in black South Africans which provide this group with a natural protection against urolithiasis in contrast to their white compatriots. Four studies comprise this thesis.
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McSorley, Anita D. "Renal stones in adults with cystic fibrosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509862.
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Cho, Jae-Man. "Rosetta stones : deciphering the real /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/6174.
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Sayer, John A. "How do mutations in CLC-5 cause renal stones?" Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391273.
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Dayoub, H. I. "Microcomputer based real-time voice store/replay systems." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378914.
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Oehlschläger, Sven, Oliver W. Hakenberg, Michael Fröhner, and Manfred P. Wirth. "Age-Related Changes of Urine Calcium Excretion after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy due to Artificial Renal Calcium Leakage." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133774.
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Introduction: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the standard stone treatment. Increased excretion of tubular enzymes and hypercalciuria has been reported after ESWL. We investigated the importance of renally induced hypercalciuria after ESWL. Material and Methods: 30 calcium oxalate stoneformers (23 men, 7 women), mean age 53.3 (range 30–71) years, were evaluated prospectively. Plasma calcium and creatinine concentrations and 8-hour overnight urine were measured before ESWL and on the 1st and 2nd days after ESWL. To estimate the changes of tubular reabsorption, the calcium/creatinine clearance ratios were calculated. Results: Hypercalciuria (>5 mmol/24 h) was seen in 5/30 (16.7%) before, in 12/30 (40.0%) on day 1 and in 13/30 (43.3%) on day 2 after ESWL. The mean plasma levels of calcium were significantly decreased from 2.36 mmol/l before to 2.28 mmol/l on day 2 after ESWL (p< 0.01). The mean calcium/creatinine clearance ratio was significantly increased from 0.012 before to 0.019 after ESWL (p< 0.01). Before and on day 2 after ESWL, the calcium/creatinine clearance ratio was significantly correlated with the age of the patients (r = 0.33, p< 0.04). Conclusion: Our data show an age-related significantly increased urine calcium excretion after ESWL possibly due to decreased tubular calcium reabsorptionDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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ANDRADE, Isaac Newton Guimaraes. "Uso do EuroSCORE como preditor de morbidade no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17535.
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Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicabilidade do European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) na predição de risco de desenvolvimento das principais complicações pós-operatórias em cirurgia cardíaca: infecção do trato respiratório (ITR), acidente vascular Cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal dialítica (IRD).Métodos: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os prontuários de 900 pacientes operados no Real Hospital Português do Recife e admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva pós-operatória. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes com prontuários completos, sendo excluídos aqueles que foram a óbito no transoperatório, submetidos a transplante ou a correção de cardiopatia congênita. Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento de ITR, AVC e IRD, sendo o EuroSCORE comparado em relação às três complicações, usando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. A calibração do modelo para predição das morbidades estudadas foi avaliada com o teste de ajuste de bondade de Homer-Lemeshow. A acurácia do modelo foi avaliada utilizando-se a área sob a curva ROC (ASROC). Resultados: O modelo apresentou boa calibração na predição de infecção respiratória, insuficiência renal dialítica (P=0,285; P=0,789; P=0,45, respectivamente) e mostrou-se não calibrado para predição de AVC. Obteve-se boa acurácia para infecção respiratória (ASROC =0,710 e P<0,001) e insuficiência renal dialítica (ASROC=0,834 e P<0,001) e sem acurácia para acidente vascular cerebral (ASROC=0,519). Os pacientes de alto risco apresentaram maior chance de desenvolver infecção respiratória (OR=9,05; P<0,001) e insuficiência renal dialítica (OR=39,6; P<0,001). A probabilidade de desenvolver infecção respiratória e insuficiência renal dialítica foi de menos de 10% com EuroSCORE até 7 e de mais de 70% com EuroSCORE maior que 15. Conclusão: O EuroSCORE mostrou-se aplicável na predição das principais morbidades pós-operatórias em cirurgia cardíaca: infecção respiratória e insuficiência renal dialítica, apresentando adequada calibração e bom poder de discriminação.
Objective: Evaluate the applicability of the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) in the of risk prediction of major postoperative complications in cardiac surgery: respiratory tract infection (RTI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and renal failure dialytic (IRD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 900 patients operated on and admitted to the intensive care unit postoperatively at the Real Hospital Português of Recife. We included all patients with complete medical records, excluding those who died during surgery, underwent transplantation or correction of congenital heart disease. We evaluated the development of respiratory infection, cerebrovascular accident, and dialysis-dependent renal failure, and the EuroSCORE was compared in terms of the three complications using the Mann-Whitney test. The calibration model for predicting the morbidities being studied was evaluated using the test set of Homer-Lemeshow goodness. The accuracy of the model was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). Results: The model showed good calibration in predicting respiratory infection, renal dialysis (P = 0.285; P = 0.789; P = 0.45, respectively) and proved not calibrated for stroke prediction. It obtained good accuracy for respiratory infection (AUROC = 0.710 and P <0.001) and renal dialysis (AUROC = 0.834 and P <0.001) and no accuracy for stroke (AUROC = 0.519). The high-risk patients were more likely to develop respiratory infection (OR=9.05, P<0.001) and dialysis-dependent renal failure (OR=39.6, P<0.001). The probability of developing respirato-ry infection and dialysis-dependent renal failure was less than 10% with EuroSCORE up to 7 and more than 70% with EuroSCORE greater than 15. Conclusion: The EuroSCORE proved to be applicable in the prediction of major postoperative morbidities in cardiac surgery: respiratory tract infection and renal failure dialitic, with proper calibration and good discrimination.
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Anderson, Jennifer Christine. "QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATIONS INTO URINARY CALCULI USING INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1173303815.
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Xu, Jin Han Yijie. "Design and implementation of a J2EE application the online video rental store /." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
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Thesis (M.S.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004."A thesis in computer science." Typescript. Advisor: Yijie Han. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 107). Online version of the print edition.
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Oehlschläger, Sven, Oliver W. Hakenberg, Michael Fröhner, and Manfred P. Wirth. "Age-Related Changes of Urine Calcium Excretion after Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy due to Artificial Renal Calcium Leakage." Karger, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27534.
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Introduction: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the standard stone treatment. Increased excretion of tubular enzymes and hypercalciuria has been reported after ESWL. We investigated the importance of renally induced hypercalciuria after ESWL.
Material and Methods: 30 calcium oxalate stoneformers (23 men, 7 women), mean age 53.3 (range 30–71) years, were evaluated prospectively. Plasma calcium and creatinine concentrations and 8-hour overnight urine were measured before ESWL and on the 1st and 2nd days after ESWL. To estimate the changes of tubular reabsorption, the calcium/creatinine clearance ratios were calculated.
Results: Hypercalciuria (>5 mmol/24 h) was seen in 5/30 (16.7%) before, in 12/30 (40.0%) on day 1 and in 13/30 (43.3%) on day 2 after ESWL. The mean plasma levels of calcium were significantly decreased from 2.36 mmol/l before to 2.28 mmol/l on day 2 after ESWL (p< 0.01). The mean calcium/creatinine clearance ratio was significantly increased from 0.012 before to 0.019 after ESWL (p< 0.01). Before and on day 2 after ESWL, the calcium/creatinine clearance ratio was significantly correlated with the age of the patients (r = 0.33, p< 0.04).
Conclusion: Our data show an age-related significantly increased urine calcium excretion after ESWL possibly due to decreased tubular calcium reabsorption.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Tung, Edward C. (Edward Chenyee). "The drivers of retail performance : the true value of online and in-store sales in an evolving retail industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120644.
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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-62).
This thesis examines the spatial and operational efficiencies of major US retailers in relation to their physical real estate and e-commerce footprints. The continued rise of e-commerce has altered the dynamics of the retail industry in such a way that has forced retailers to drastically reallocate their resources to stay profitable. One of the biggest questions modern retailers face is how much traditional brick and mortar retail space should be retained as opposed to other resources dedicated to delivered goods, which can include inventory warehouses, distribution centers, fulfillment locations, or simply a strengthened online presence. To shed light on this issue, we conduct a cross-sectional analysis that investigates the leading factors shaping retailer efficiency and effectiveness using performance data from over 120 of the largest retail companies currently operating in the United States. The results show that e-commerce sales, indirect sales, and gross margin have positive correlations to distribution space share, employment efficiency, and spatial efficiency and have negative correlations to total cost share, labor cost share, and space cost share. We also determine that indirect sales and gross margin have no correlation to e-commerce sales and accumulated store square footage. By understanding the drivers behind retailer performance, new insight for the outlooks of both retail and industrial real estate asset classes can be gleaned, which can prove to be beneficial to retailers, landlords, and developers alike.
by Edward C. Tung.
S.M. in Real Estate Development
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Anderson, Jennifer C. "INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CROSS-SECTIONED RENAL CALCULI AND EMBEDDED MINERALIZED DEPOSITS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1083332748.
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Inglis, J. A. "The importance of urine biochemistry and renal histopathology in the aetiology and management of upper urinary tract stones." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.652816.
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Urolithiasis is a condition known to Man for centuries, which once established, frequently pursues a recurring course. This might suggest a chronic underlying abnormality yet often no definite predisposing cause is found. Abnormalities in the urine, serum or renal histology of stone-forming patients are claimed by some to be aetiologically important while others continue to dispute this. This thesis comprises a review of previous work, an account of a prospective study carried out by the author on a group of stone formers to address this problem and a discussion of the results obtained. Prior to the advent of an extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy service (ESWL) in Scotland in 1986, most kidney stones were treated by percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCN). This procedure provided an ideal opportunity to biopsy the kidney allowing renal histology and the degree of microscopic renal calcification to be assessed and compared with control material. The biopsy findings of individual patients were considered in relation to subsequent serum and urinary biochemical data. As the relative importance of various urinary risk factors pertaining to stone formation remains controversial, assessment of 24hr urine excretion of Calcium, Urate, Oxalate, Citrate and Creatinine, serum concentrations of Urea, Creatinine, Calcium and Urate and blood gas analyses were also undertaken in this group of stone formers. A group of non-stoneforming adult out-patients acted as controls. Statistical analysis of all data was performed comparing the study group results both with our own controls as well as with other series. This has allowed us to form conclusions about the process of stone formation and to develop a plan for the rational investigation and management of patients presenting with urinary tract calculi in this area.
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Suthakar, Uthayanath. "A scalable data store and analytic platform for real-time monitoring of data-intensive scientific infrastructure." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15788.
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Monitoring data-intensive scientific infrastructures in real-time such as jobs, data transfers, and hardware failures is vital for efficient operation. Due to the high volume and velocity of events that are produced, traditional methods are no longer optimal. Several techniques, as well as enabling architectures, are available to support the Big Data issue. In this respect, this thesis complements existing survey work by contributing an extensive literature review of both traditional and emerging Big Data architecture. Scalability, low-latency, fault-tolerance, and intelligence are key challenges of the traditional architecture. However, Big Data technologies and approaches have become increasingly popular for use cases that demand the use of scalable, data intensive processing (parallel), and fault-tolerance (data replication) and support for low-latency computations. In the context of a scalable data store and analytics platform for monitoring data-intensive scientific infrastructure, Lambda Architecture was adapted and evaluated on the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid, which has been proven effective. This is especially true for computationally and data-intensive use cases. In this thesis, an efficient strategy for the collection and storage of large volumes of data for computation is presented. By moving the transformation logic out from the data pipeline and moving to analytics layers, it simplifies the architecture and overall process. Time utilised is reduced, untampered raw data are kept at storage level for fault-tolerance, and the required transformation can be done when needed. An optimised Lambda Architecture (OLA), which involved modelling an efficient way of joining batch layer and streaming layer with minimum code duplications in order to support scalability, low-latency, and fault-tolerance is presented. A few models were evaluated; pure streaming layer, pure batch layer and the combination of both batch and streaming layers. Experimental results demonstrate that OLA performed better than the traditional architecture as well the Lambda Architecture. The OLA was also enhanced by adding an intelligence layer for predicting data access pattern. The intelligence layer actively adapts and updates the model built by the batch layer, which eliminates the re-training time while providing a high level of accuracy using the Deep Learning technique. The fundamental contribution to knowledge is a scalable, low-latency, fault-tolerant, intelligent, and heterogeneous-based architecture for monitoring a data-intensive scientific infrastructure, that can benefit from Big Data, technologies and approaches.
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Pang, Sze-kit, and 彭仕傑. "A study on location as the most crucial factor for a shopping center gaining high rental income." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44401784.
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Karlsson, Henrik. "TupleSearch : A scalable framework based on sketches to process and store streaming temporal data for real time analytics." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31041.
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In many fields, there is a need for quick analysis of data. As the number of devices connected to the Internet grows, so does the amounts of data generated. The traditional way of analyzing large amounts of data has been by using batch processing, where the already collected data is pro-cessed. This process is time consuming, resulting in another trend emerg-ing: stream processing. Stream processing is when data is processed and stored as it arrives. Because of the velocity, volume and variations in data. Stream processing is best carried out in the main memory, and means processing and storing data as it arrives, which makes it a big challenge. This thesis focuses on developing a framework for the processing and storing of streaming temporal data enabling the data to be analyzed in real time. For this purpose, a server application was created consisting of approximate in-memory data synopsizes, called sketches, to process and store the input data. Furthermore, a client web application was created to query and analyze the data. The results show that the framework can sup-port simple aggregate queries with constant query time regardless to the volume of data. Also, it can process data 6.8 times faster than a traditional database system. All this implies that the system is scalable, at the same time it with a query error vs. memory trade-off. For a distribution of ~3000000 unique items it was concluded that the framework can provide very accurate answers, with an error rate less than 1.1%, for the trendiest data using about 100 times less space than the actual size of the data set.
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Bvumbi, Mpelegeng Victoria. "Investigation of the effect of a solution of lime powder on urinary calcium oxalate kidney stone risk factors in artificial and real urines : in vitro and in vivo studies." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19038.
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INTRODUCTION: Dietary factors in the form of citrus juices (e.g orange, grapefruits, cranberry, lemonade and lime) appear to affect the ability of urine to inhibit calcium oxalate crystallization. In South Africa, previous studies have demonstrated that black and white individuals respond differently to lithogenic and antilithogenic dietary supplements. OBJECTIVES: The current project was undertaken to study the inhibitory activity of lime in artificial urine and in the real urine of South African black and white subjects and also to assess the effects on urinary risk factors in these subjects after its ingestion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Experiments commenced with the preparation of artificial urine (AU) in which the effects of lime solutions (0.125-1.00 mglml) were tested by carrying out various crystallization experiments. These included the determination of the calcium oxalate (CaOx) metastable limit (MSL); particle volume-size distribution (PSD), nucleation, aggregation and growth assays. Crystal deposition was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro experiments were then conducted in 24 hour urine samples from healthy South African black (n = 5) and white males (n = 5). The above-mentioned crystallization experiments were repeated in these urines. In addition, free Ca²⁺ values and the Bonn risk index (BRI) of CaOx crystallization were determined. Thereafter, a trial study in which 5 black and 4 white subjects ingested solutions of lime powder for 7 days was conducted. 24 hour urine samples were collected by subjects before and after the ingestion of lime. Urines were analysed for pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid chloride, magnesium, phosphate, and creatinine. Urine composition values were used as input data for the calculation of relative supersaturation (RS) values for calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), brushite and uric acid using the computer programme EQUIL and Tiselius Risk Index (TRI) was also determined. The above-mentioned CaOx crystallization experiments were also performed. Urine compositions, crystallization data and physicochemical risk indices were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: None of the lime solutions did affect the CaOx MSL of the AU or the real urine (in vitro). However CaOx crystal nucleation was promoted while CaOx crystal growth and aggregation were inhibited. In the trial study, after ingestion of lime solutions, significant increases in urinary magnesium (1.80 vs 2.75 mmol/24h, p = 0.0001) and phosphate (20.9 vs 24.6 mmol/24h, p = 0.023) were observed in black subjects. On the other hand, in white subjects, a significant decrease in urinary oxalate (0.313 vs 0.205 mmol/24h, p = 0.023) and TRI (304 vs 187, p = 0.0102) were noted. However, lime did not increase citrate levels to a significant degree in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented in this dissertation have shown that lime may be regarded as a potential therapeutic agent for reducing the risk of CaOx kidney stones in the white group based on the trial study. The results also provide further evidence in support of the hypothesis that there is a difference between the black and white populations with respect to their handling of lithogenic and antilithogenic dietary challenges. However, rigorous controlled trials in healthy subjects and in kidney stone patients need to be conducted in future studies to explicitly confirm these findings.
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Armas, Nizama Juan Carlos, and Príncipe Stefany Ortiz. "La relación entre la experiencia de marca y el comportamiento del consumidor durante el proceso de compra en la MAC Store de Real Plaza." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656547.
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El crecimiento del sector cosméticos y del retail en el Perú, han ocasionado el ingreso de nuevas marcas mediante tiendas especializadas, por lo cual crear experiencia de marca es un punto clave para diferenciarse de la competencia. En consecuencia, se seleccionó la marca MAC Cosmetics por ser líder mundial en el sector de cosméticos, su influencia de marca y el profesionalismo de su personal en el punto de venta. En esta investigación, se busca validar cuatro hipótesis: la relación entre las variables “Experiencia de marca” y “Comportamiento del consumidor”. Así como la relación entre “Experiencia de marca” y cada una de las dimensiones del comportamiento del consumidor como: Comunicación boca a boca, intención de compra continua y disposición a pagar más. Para ello, se aplicó la siguiente estructura de investigación: en primer lugar, se realizó una investigación cualitativa a través de 3 entrevistas en profundidad, con la finalidad de conocer más sobre el sector de cosméticos, sobre la marca y el comportamiento del consumidor; en segundo lugar, una investigación cuantitativa correlacional a través de una encuesta a 215 personas, tanto hombres como mujeres entre los 18 y 45 años de edad, que realizaron al menos una compra durante el último año en la MAC Store de Real Plaza Salaverry. Los resultados confirmaron que si hay relación entre las variables de las hipótesis mencionadas anteriormente y el beneficio que genera crear una buena experiencia de marca en la tienda de MAC CosmeticsThe growth of the cosmetic industry and retail in Peru has caused the entry of new brands through specialized stores. Therefore, creating brand experience is a key point in order to differentiate from the competition. In consequence, we chose MAC Cosmetics brand for being a world leader in the cosmetics industry, for its brand influence and for its employees’ professionalism in their point of sale. In this research, it seek to validate four hypotheses like the relationship between “Brand experience” and “Consumer behavior”. As well as the relationship between “Brand experience” and each of the consumer behavior dimensions, such as mouth-to-mouth communication, ongoing purchasing intention and willingness to pay more. To accomplish this, we applied the following research structure: Firstly, we used a qualitative research through three-in-depth interviews in order to learn more about the cosmetic industry, the brand and the consumer behavior. Secondly, the quantitative analysis was a correlational research through a survey for 215 people, both men and women between the range of 18 to 45 years old, who had made at least one purchase during the last year in The Real Plaza Salaverry MAC Store. The results have shown that there exists a relationship between the above-mentioned variables of the hypotheses and the benefit that a good brand experience delivers in a MAC Cosmetics store.
Tesis
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Garcia, Toivanen Isabel. "Framtidens retail : Digitaliseringens effekter på den fysiska butiken." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211057.
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Digitaliseringen och den tekniska utvecklingen som sker i samhället påverkar hur människor lever sina liv, och hur vi gör affärer. Genom introduceringen av digitala handelsplattformar och ny teknik i butikerna utökas utbudet av varor och tjänster, således också vilka upplevelser som konsumenterna efterfrågar. Det här får konsekvenser inte bara för handeln utan även för fastighetsbranschen. Den här uppsatsens syfte har därför varit att undersöka kopplingen mellan handeln och fastighetsbranschen, och specifikt utröna den fysiska butikens utmaningar och möjligheter i den digitala världen. Vidare undersöks betydelsen av dessa effekter för fastighetssektorn. En kvalitativ intervjumetod använts utöver litteraturstudier, för att på ett djupare plan plocka upp vilka attityder som olika aktörer inom fastighetsbranschen har gällande digitaliseringen. De medverkande har en bred spridning av erfarenheter och kunskap från olika håll av fastighetsbranschen och handeln, vilket givit arbetet många olika perspektiv. Slutsatserna är många, men den främsta är att varken forskningen eller intervjupersonerna tror att den fysiska butikens funktion som försäljningskanal är hotad på grund av digitaliseringens framfart. Däremot kommer handlarna och fastighetsbranschen få arbeta hårt på att utveckla nya affärsstrukturer och vässa sitt serviceerbjudande gentemot kund för att kunna överleva konkurrensen från nya försäljningskanaler. Butikernas funktion kommer troligen även att utvecklas till att bli mer än handelsplatser – de kommer att bli mötesplatser och arbetsplatser. I det arbetet krävs ett tätt samarbete mellan alla berörda parter. Avslutningsvis har det även visat sig att handel och fastighetsutveckling har många gemensamma beröringspunkter, och att omställningen till en digital framtid måste göras gemensamt.The digitalization process and the technological development affects peoples’ everyday life as well as how we do business. Through the introduction of digital trading platforms and new technology in the physical stores, the supply of goods and services has increased leading to costumers demanding even more goods and new exciting shopping experiences. This does not only affect the commercial sector, but also the real estate sector. Therefore, this paper focuses on the connections between commerce and real estate. Specific focus is given to physical stores and their challenges and opportunities in the digital world. Furthermore, the importance of these effects for the real estate sector is investigated. A qualitative interview method was been used in addition to literature studies, aiming to explore attitudes in the real estate sector on a deeper level. The participants have a wide spread of experience and knowledge from both commerce and real estate, which has given the work many different perspectives and angles. The conclusions are many, but the main one is that neither the research nor the interviewees believe that the physical store is threatened due to the advance of digitalization. To be able to survive the competition from new sale channels, the retailers and the real estate sector must co-operate in building new business structures as well as sharpening their customer service offerings. The function of the physical store is likely to develop into more than a sales venue – it will evolve into being a place to meet and to work. This will require a close cooperation between all stakeholders. In conclusion, it has also been found that commerce and property development have many common points of contact, and that the transition to a digital future must be done jointly.
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Ashuri, Baabak. "A Real Options Approach to Modeling Investments in Competitive, Dynamic Retail Markets." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24608.
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The retail industry is considered to be a very competitive industry in the United States since there are so many players in the almost saturated retail markets that provide similar products and services at similar price levels to customers. Market selection has been identified as an important strategy to differentiate a retailer in this competitive market. Therefore in this thesis, we describe a conceptual framework to evaluate retailers investment opportunities in dynamic, competitive retail markets. The objective is to describe a conceptual investment analysis framework to address the strategic aspects of a retailer s investment opportunity as well as the dynamic uncertainty of a retail market in a single framework. This conceptual framework outlines a strategic view towards retail stores as flexible assets of a retail enterprise. This conceptual framework is general and can be adjusted and applied to investments options in other services.
In addition, we develop an integrated investment analysis approach based on dynamic programming to explore retailers investment behaviors in dynamic markets. The objective is to determine retailers optimal investment thresholds in noncompetitive and competitive markets. We consider two retailers to illustrate our approach and use a simple game theory treatment to address competition in retail markets. We use our integrated investment analysis model based on a real options methodology to evaluate the apparent tendency for the small discount retailer invests earlier in a new developing market due to the competition effect from the large discount retailer. This early entry gives the small retail a first-mover advantage and delays the big retailer s entry into the competitive market. In addition, we conduct sensitivity analysis to characterize how significantly the values of our model parameters impact the retailers investment decisions.
We also develop an integrated investment analysis approach based on contingent claims analysis to explore retailers investment behaviors in dynamic markets. The objective is to determine retailers optimal investment thresholds in noncompetitive and competitive markets. The equivalent risk neutral evaluation approach is presented in this thesis as an extended version of the contingent claims analysis approach, which facilitates the market-oriented valuation of the retailer s investment option in dynamic markets. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to study how retailers optimal investment thresholds change as the values of parameters in this equivalent risk neutral evaluation approach change. The relationship between the dynamic programming and the equivalent risk neutral evaluation approach is also summarized in this thesis to identify the similarities and the differences between these two investment analysis approaches. One of the most important objectives of this comparison is to determine in what market conditions the choice of investment analysis approach is critical and dramatically changes the retailer s optimal investment threshold.
Finally, we empirically examine an important aspect of our theoretical work that the big retailer invests and opens a store relatively later in markets with a small retailer compared to markets without a small retailer. In addition, the big retailer opens a store at relatively higher retail market potential in markets with a small retailer compared to markets without a small retailer. In this thesis, we discuss some empirical evidence to support these theoretical results. We chose Wal-Mart and Dollar General as the big and small retailers, respectively, in our empirical study. Our empirical results do not validate the theory and just provide supporting evidence for our theoretical works.
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Öhman, Jesper, and Knut Benson. "How Short-term Leasing Can Mitigate Vacancies in Retail Stores : Implementing Short-term Leasing in the Retail Industry." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297782.
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Retail is changing. E-commerce is increasing its percentage of total sales while physical storesare closing. This affects how real estate companies work with retail spaces to minimizevacancies, and short-term leasing, also called pop-up stores, is one way to do so. Pop-ups haveexisted in different forms for a very long time. Seasonal stores and farmers markets are twoexamples. The modern-day pop-up, assessed and discussed in this study, is the one not alwaysused for sales purposes but also marketing purposes. This study aims to see how modern-daypop-ups can fill the void left by rapidly closing retail stores.The study was carried out by reviewing existing literature about pop-ups and how they work,followed by semi-structured interviews with real estate companies and consultants throughoutthe property industry. Emphasis was put on bottlenecks and problems with implementing shortterm leasing and how market platforms can aid real estate companies with this.The study shows that real estate companies and the industry as a whole are aware of the statusof traditional retail and that they have started to use short-term leasing to a greater extent thanbefore. The real estate companies were positive towards using short-term leases as a tool tominimize vacancies. However, it also shows some problems with implementing short-termleases from a real estate company's perspective. The main obstacles found during the studywere transparency issues regarding vacant spaces, how short-term leases can negatively affectproperty values, and the time-consuming aspect of signing short-term contracts. Concludingthat market platforms can solve certain problems regarding short-term leases, but others haveto be solved by the real estate industry itself.Detaljhandeln genomgår en förändring. För varje år som går ökar e-handelns andelav detaljhandelns försäljning och antalet butiksvakanser blir allt större. Detta påverkar hurfastighetsbolag jobbar med sina butiksytor för att minimera det ökade antalet vakanser. Etttillvägagångssätt är att arbeta med korttidsuthyrningar, så kallade pop-up butiker. Pop-upbutiker har funnits väldigt länge och i olika former, så som säsongsbutiker och lanthandel. Denmoderna typen av pop-up butiker som kommer tas upp och diskuteras i denna uppsats är dockden som inte alltid är till för att maximera försäljning utan också för att använda imarknadsföringssyfte. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur moderna pop-up butiker kanhjälpa till att fylla det vakuum som lämnats av ett ökat antal vakanta butikslokaler.Uppsatsen skrevs genom en litteraturstudie av existerande litteratur om pop-up butiker samtsemistrukturerade intervjuer med fastighetsbolag och konsulter inom fastighetsbranschen. Härlades stor vikt vid de flaskhalsar och problem som uppstår i samband med implementering avkorttidsuthyrning samt hur marknadsplattformar kan hjälpa fastighetsägare att lösa dessa.Studien visade att fastighetsägare har börjat använda sig av korttidsuthyrningar i en störreutsträckning än tidigare. Fastighetsägarna var positiva till att använda sig av korttidsuthyrningarsom ett verktyg för att minska vakanser. Det visade sig också att det finns problem medimplementering av korttidsuthyrningar från ett fastighetsägarperspektiv. De största problemensom studien visade på var transparens av tomma lokaler, hur korttidsuthyrningar kan påverkafastighetsvärden negativt samt tidsåtgången för att skriva ett korttidskontrakt. Vissa problemkan lösas av marknadsplattformar för korttidsuthyrning medans andra behöver lösas avfastighetsbranschen i sin helhet.
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Hubar, Sylwia Patrycja. "Essays on redistributive policies and household finance with heterogeneous agents." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8601.
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The overall objective of the thesis is to investigate needs and incentives of all income/wealth groups in order to explore ways and means to remedy the excessive economic inequality. A closer examination of individual decisions across richer and poorer households allows us to recognize conflicts of wants, needs and values and subsequently to draw recommendations for future policies. The first chapter examines households' preferences over the redistribution of wealth resources. The preferences of voting households are restricted by agents' present and future resource constraints. The wealth resources vary over the business cycle, which affects the grounds for speculations of voting households. We augment the standard Real-Business-Cycle (RBC) model by the majority voting on lump-sum redistribution employing a balanced government budget. Our findings indicate that for the usual elasticity of labor supply both transfers' level and share of output are procyclical, with the procyclicality increasing in the discrepancy between richer and poorer households. In the second chapter we analytically demonstrate that all economic agents face subsistence costs that hinder economic and financial decisions of the poor. We find that the standard two-asset portfolio-selection model with a time-invariant subsistence component in the common-across agents Stone-Geary utility function is capable of explaining qualitatively and quantitatively three empirical regularities: (i) increasing saving rates in wealth, (ii) rising risky portfolio shares with wealth, (iii) more volatile consumption growth of the richer. On the contrary, "keeping-up-with-the-Joneses" utility with a time-varying weighted mean consumption produces identical saving rates and portfolio asset shares across richer and poorer agents, failing to match the micro data. Finally, in the third chapter we use Epstein-Zin-Weil recursive preferences altered to include subsistence costs, as this form of utility function enables trade-off between stability and safety. We pursue an analytical investigation of a more complex multi-asset portfolio-choice model with perfectly insurable labor risk and no liquidity constraints and find further support of the data evidence. If households' total resources are anticipated to increase over time, poorer agents can afford to gradually escape subsistence concerns by choosing lower saving rates and accepting only minor portfolio risks as their consumption hovers close to the subsistence needs. The calibration part of the model economy shows that analytical results can quantitatively reconcile the data, too.
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Zachariáš, Michal. "Návrh a Aplikace Dvourozměrných Vizuálních Markerů pro Speciální Účely." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412574.
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Současné vizuální markerové systémy mají jednu zásadní nevýhodu oproti tzv. markerless přístupům - pohyb kamery je omezen na oblast pokrytou markery. V každém snímku musí být marker dostatečně velký, aby jej bylo možné identifikovat a vypočítat pozici a rotaci kamery. Zároveň musí být dostatečně malý, aby se celý (nebo alespoň jeho podstatná část) vešel do záběru kamery. Avšak tyto požadavky jsou protichůdné. Tato práce nabízí řešení tohoto problému za pomoci konceptu Marker Fields. Jde o strukturu, jejíž přítomnost je možné v obraze kamery snadno detekovat a identifikovat část, na kterou se kamera právě dívá, a to na základě jakékoli (malé) podoblasti s definovanou velikostí. Aby bylo možné podoblasti identifikovat zblízka i zdálky, nejsou od sebe odděleny, ale do velké míry se překrývají. V této práci jsou vysvětleny různé implementace konceptu marker fields, spolu s jejich zamýšleným použitím a výhodami a nevýhodami. Jako důkaz použitelnosti marker fields v reálném světě, se druhá největší část této práce věnuje popisu jejich reálných aplikací.
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He, Jia-Hong, and 何嘉浤. "Ultrasonic Renal-Stone Tracking with Mesh Regularization." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12954007746159106870.
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碩士臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
95
The efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) depends greatly on the capability to focus shock waves on renal stone. To achieve automatic focusing on moving target, the target must be under tracking. A mesh-based block matching algorithm is proposed for renal stone tracking using ultrasound image sequence. Since multiple targets are tracked together, the mesh-based tracking algorithm can provide a function of contextual regularization for solving the target missing and image degradation problems in renal stone tracking. Recorded ultrasound images of kidney during ESWL treatment are modified for demonstrating the capability of this algorithm. We regard the soft tissue of the body as elastic in order to analyze the relationship of stress, strain, deformable energy and displacement. On the basis of the optimal design, we also define the initial displacement of block-matching to minimum the function of matching error energy and the deformable energy by displacement vector to solve the optimal value of displacement of mesh grid nodes. Therein, we figure out the stiffness matrix of deformable energy by finite element method. In order to simplify the calculation, we choose a regular quadrilateral element as the mesh model to achieve the tracking of real time. According to the optimal design, we amend the performance of block-matching to avoid the damage of renal caused by stone breakers.
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Lin, Zhen-Hao, and 林振豪. "A Study on the Assessment of the Gall Stones Disease Associated with Renal Stone." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5rbz5t.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
工業管理系工業工程與管理碩士班
105
With the gradual improvement of medical standards and the improved living environment, Taiwan’s population structure has gradually headed towards the aging society or even ultra-aging, leading to the gradual infiltration of chronic diseases. Gallstones and kidney stones are both today’s common public health problems. Modern people lead a busy lifestyle, resulting in disrupted daily routine, lack of exercise, and failure to take meals regularly. In addition, the increasingly westernized diet pattern and excessive intake of high-calorie, high-fat, and high-sugar foods have resulted in a gradual rise in gallstone incidence rates. Gallstones and kidney stones both fall under the stone disease category and share common risk factors. However, researches exploring the connection between the two remain scarce. In this study, patients with gallstones from the database of an anonymous medical institution were adopted as research participants. Through literature reviews and interviews with physicians, the important factors contributing to increased risk of gallstone disease were screened. Through the use of algorithm in artificial intelligence such as particle swarm optimization algorithm, genetic logistic regression algorithm, and cross entropy algorithm, the factor weights were calculated. The back propagation neural network and support vector machine were conjunctively employed to construct six prediction models and three case-based reasoning systems in order to evaluate whether patients with gallstones are at risk of future gallstones in the future. Research results show that after the Friedman’s test, the six predictive models showed no significant differences and are all suitable as predictive models for research. The models all reached 89% average test accuracy, and the area under the ROC curve was above 0.85. For the three case-based reasoning system models, although the model of particle swarm optimization algorithm with 89.01% accuracy and 0.894 area under the ROC curve was better, the test results of the three models show no significant differences, making them suitable for calculating the weight of the case-based reasoning assessment system.
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Mussman, B., Maryann L. Hardy, H. Jung, M. Ding, P. J. Osther, and O. Graumann. "Can dual CT with fast kV-switching determine renal stone composition accurately?" 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18520.
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noRationale and Objectives: To determine whether a single source computed tomography (CT) system utilizing fast kV switching and low dose settings can characterize (diameter and chemical composition) renal stones accurately when compared infrared spectroscopy. Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of 15 renal stones was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The stones were inserted into a porcine kidney and placed within a water tank for CT scanning using both fast kV switching dual energy and standard protocols. Effective atomic number of each stone was measured using scanner software. Stone diameter measurements were repeated twice to determine intra-rater variation and compared to actual stone diameter as measured by micro CT. Results: The chemical composition of three stones (one calcium phosphate and two carbonite apatite) could not be determined using the scanner software. The composition of 10/12 remaining stones was correctly identified using dual energy computed tomography (83% absolute agreement; k = 0.69). No statistical difference (p = 0.051) was noted in the mean stone diameter as measured by clinical CT and micro CT. Conclusion: Dual energy computed tomography using fast kV switching may potentially be developed as a low dose clinical tool for identifying and classifying renal stones in vivo supporting clinical decision-making.
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Chang, Li-Hsin, and 張立欣. "Detection and Identification of Renal Stone Image Using Ultrasound Image." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62182170884208279421.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
93
Kidney stone is a popular disease in recent time. One kind of popular treatment is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripter (ESWL). Existing ESWL is lack of an automatic method to detect the position of kidney stone, so the shock wave miss-shot often happens. This situation often causes damage in human body. This research presents a practicable algorithm, using the property that stone in ultrasonic image has high gray level and shadow. First we find some possible positions of stone by spot detection, then we use contrast estimation to determine whether a spot is a stone or not. We can detect position of stone automatically in ultrasonic image. We hope this algorithm can improve ESWL treatment and reduce side effect
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YANG, CHENG-YEN, and 楊承諺. "Volume Estimation of Renal Stone on Computed Tomography Imaging Using Deep Learning." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8kp939.
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碩士輔仁大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
107
Kidney stones can affect the urinary tract system in human body. While kidney stones are passing through the ureter it can be quite painful and sometimes become lodged in the urinary tract. Clinically to diagnose kidney stones, it is commonly to use computer tomography (CT) scan with physicians making assessment manually. To reduce human workload, many approaches has been proposed in the literature. Recently, semantic segmentation tasks in color images are improved via deep learning model. Especially, strategies for cell image segmentation show a good success. Therefore, a system for kidney segmentation using deep learning and model reconstruction is proposed. The system consists of three steps, image preprocessing, region of interest (ROI) selection and model reconstruction. Firstly, edge detection is applied to locate the spine in the image. Since the position of kidney is usually between (T12) spine and (L3) spine, ROI can be generated between them. After that a pixel-based convolutional neural network is developed to segment the kidney contours from CT. The resulting masks is then used to reconstruct the kidney model. Besides, kidney stones are detected from the region with their shape, size and position measured. In this thesis, 30 data-sets from MICCAI 2019 Kidney Disease Analysis Challenge and 33 data-sets provided by the Keelung Government Hospital were used for experiments. According to Dice coefficient, the proposed method can achieve 94.8% and 98.3% similarity in kidney segmentation and in kidney stones segmentation, respectively, compared to groundtruth. The proposed system has demonstrated its feasibility in assisting diagnoses, which can further achieve the goal for reducing medical cost and improving healthcare quality. Keywords: automation, image processing, contour extraction, volume estimation
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Mussmann, B., Maryann L. Hardy, H. Jung, M. Ding, P. J. Osther, M. L. Fransen, P. W. Greisen, and O. Graumann. "Renal stone detection using a low kilo-voltage paediatric CT protocol – A porcine phantom study." 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18540.
Full textAbstract:
yesIntroduction: Reducing tube voltage is an effective dose saving method in computed tomography (CT) assuming tube current is not concurrently increased. Recent innovations in scanner technology now enable CT tube voltage reduction to 70 kV thereby increasing opportunities for dose reduction in paediatric patients, but it is unclear if the increased image noise associated with 70 kV impacts on ability to visualise renal stones accurately. The purpose was to assess detectability of nephrolithiasis using a bespoke paediatric phantom and low kV, non-contrast CT and to assess inter-observer agreement. Methods: Forty-two renal stones of different size and chemical composition were inserted into porcine kidneys and positioned in a bespoke, water-filled phantom mimicking a 9-year-old child weighing approximately 33kg. The phantom was scanned using 120 and 70 kV CT protocols, and the detectability of the stones was assessed by three radiologists. Absolute agreement and Fleiss’ kappa regarding detectability were assessed. Results: The mean diameter of renal stones as measured physically was 4.24 mm ranging from 1 to 11 mm. Four stones were missed by at least one observer. One observer had a sensitivity of 93 and 95% at 70 and 120 kV, respectively, while the sensitivity for observers 2 and 3 was 98% at both kV levels. Specificity was 100% across readers and kV levels. Absolute agreement between the readers at 70 kV was 92% (kappa = 0.86) and 98% (kappa = 0.96) at 120 kV indicating a strong agreement at both kV levels. Conclusions: The results suggest that lowering the kV does not affect the detection rate of renal stones and may be a useful dose reduction strategy for assessment of nephrolithiasis in children.
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Lee, Hsiang-Ying, and 李香瑩. "The role of non-contrast CT in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of renal stone and the related outcome predictors." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59092256829128228005.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
醫學研究所
101
Objectives: Renal stones are common disease among urology territory. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a popular treatment for nephrolithiasis due to its safe and noninvasive characteristics. We took advantage of non-contrast abdominal computed tomography (NCCT) to search the possible prognostic factors which influence the stone free rate because of its high accuracy rate. The purpose is to evaluate important effective factors to avoid unnecessary risk and reduce medical waste before performing ESWL. Methods: We evaluated 145 patients who had renal calculus and undergone ESWL from August 2007 to August 2009 in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital retrospectively. Radiolucent stones were excluded. All of them received NCCT assessment before ESWL and followed up after one month with plain kidney, ureteral, and bladder (KUB) for fragments condition. We divided these patients to two groups, one is stone free group and the other is residual stone group. Some parameters including stone size, location, stone surface area, Hounsfield unit density (HU density), skin to stone distance (SSD) and abdominal fat area were analyzed with SPSS version 19 between these two groups. In addition, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity of variables. Results: Of 145 patients, 70 were in the stone free group and 75 were in the residual stone group. The mean ages were 51.03 ± 13.24 and 55.11 ± 13.32 respectively. From univariate analysis, stone size, HU density, SSD and stone surface area revealed statistically significant between these two groups. A successful outcome was related to these prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, the important factors influence ESWL outcomes were HU density and stone surface area (odds ratio 1.002 (1.001-1.004) versus 7.726 (1.59-37.52), p < 0.05). The sensitivity of stone surface area is 81.4 % and specificity is 61.3% from ROC analysis result. However, other variables do not show well sensitivity and specificity concomitantly. Conclusion: NCCT appears to be the diagnostic technique to predict ESWL efficacy. This study revealed stone size, HU density, SSD and stone surface area are associated with stone free rate after ESWL treatment. Therefore, we can use these factors to assess the feasibility of ESWL before deciding the treatment strategy. As for abdominal fat area, further research is needed to investigate the real relationship.
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"The effect of shock wave delivery rate on stone clearance, pain tolerance and renal injury in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894729.
Full textAbstract:
by Lo, Kin Yin Anthony.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-195).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Declaration --- p.V
Publications and Conference Presentations --- p.vi
Scholarships and Awards --- p.vii
Acknowledgements --- p.viii
Table of contents --- p.X
Abbreviations --- p.xiv
List of Figures --- p.xvi
List of Tables --- p.xvii
Chapter 1. --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction of nephrolithasis and surgical management --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Epidemology and physiochemistry --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Surgical management of nephrolithasis parallel with stone factors --- p.15
Chapter 2.2 --- Extracorpoeral Shock Wave Lithotripsy in present study --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.1 --- The 4th generation - Sonolith Vision electroconductive lithotripter --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.2 --- The role of shock wave delivery rate in treatment outcome and its prediction --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Patient-controlled analgesia during Shock Wave Lithotripsy treatment and its pain management --- p.29
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Shock wave induced renal injury & the use of urinary biomarker --- p.35
Chapter 3. --- Materials and Methods --- p.62
Chapter 3.1 --- Study Design --- p.63
Chapter 3.2 --- Patient Selection --- p.64
Chapter 3.3 --- Treatment Protocol --- p.63
Chapter 3.4 --- Sample size calculation --- p.68
Chapter 3.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.68
Chapter 4. --- The effect of shock wave delivery rate on treatment outcome and its prediction --- p.69
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.70
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.1 --- ESWL treatment protocol --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Outcome Assessment --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Mathematical model development --- p.75
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.76
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.77
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Baseline characteristics and treatment modalities --- p.78
Chapter 4.3.2 --- ESWL treatment outcome --- p.79
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Mathematical model --- p.81
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overall treatment outcome improved by the use of slower rate --- p.82
Chapter 4.4.2 --- When should we use fast/slow rate? --- p.86
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Mathematical model to predict ESWL outcome --- p.88
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.91
Chapter 5. --- The role of shock wave delivery rate and patient-controlled analgesia in pain --- p.101
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.102
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.1 --- ESWL treatment protocol and PCA settings --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Outcome Assessment --- p.105
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.107
Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.108
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Baseline characteristics and treatment modalities --- p.108
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Pain experience and satisfaction with PCA at different shock wave delivery rates --- p.108
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Correlation between rate pain --- p.110
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Vital signs --- p.110
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.111
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Adverse complication was mild with PCA using alfentanil --- p.111
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Less pain experience with 60 SWs/min --- p.112
Chapter 5.4.3 --- Why PCA usage was the same in both groups? --- p.112
Chapter 5.4.4 --- No correlation with treatment outcome --- p.114
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.115
Chapter 6. --- "The relations among rate of shock wave delivery, induced renal injury and acute complications" --- p.128
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.129
Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.130
Chapter 6.2.1 --- ESWL treatment protocol --- p.130
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Outcome Assessment --- p.131
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.136
Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Baseline characteristics and treatment modalities --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Quality control of creatinine and NAG --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.3 --- Standard curves ofIL-18 and NGAL --- p.137
Chapter 6.3.4 --- Higher levels of urinary NAG and IL-18 in 60 SWs/min group --- p.138
Chapter 6.3.5 --- Similar levels of urinary NGAL in both groups --- p.138
Chapter 6.3.6 --- Unplanned hospital visits were similar in both groups --- p.139
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.140
Chapter 6.4.1 --- More tubular damages caused by slower rate --- p.140
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Escalated inflammatory activities in 60 SWs/min --- p.141
Chapter 6.4.3 --- Vascular damage and ischemic insults were the same in both groups? --- p.142
Chapter 6.4.4 --- Post-operative complications are similar in both groups --- p.142
Chapter 6.4.5 --- 60 SWs/min vs. 120 SWs/min - What makes the difference in renal injury? --- p.143
Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.145
Chapter 7. --- Discussion --- p.154
Chapter 7.1 --- General discussion --- p.155
Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.158
Chapter 8.1 --- General conclusion --- p.159
Appendix --- p.160
Appendix I --- p.161
Appendix II --- p.163
References --- p.167
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Wang, Chun-Kai, and 王俊凱. "The Role of Precussion, Diuresis and Inversion Therapy in Assisting the Clearance of Lower Pole Renal Stone after Shock Wave Lithotripsy." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77354961510980641684.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
預防醫學研究所
98
Background and Objectives: Treating lower pole renal stones with shockwave lithotripsy can result in incomplete stone clearance due to poor drainage of residual stone fragments, leading to recurrent stone formation. Clinically we can use the adjunct treatments, such as diuresis, gravity therapy or percussion to facilitate the stone passage. The objectives of this study is to determine whether percussion, diuresis and inversion (PDI) therapy can improve the clearance rate of lower pole renal stone after shockwave lithotripsy. Methods: 114 patients with lower pole renal stone who received shockwave lithotripsy were arranged into two groups. One group (n=58) received shockwave treatment alone, and the other group (n=56) received shockwave lithotripsy followed by weekly PDI therapy (range 1 to 4). PDI therapy was performed as follows. Patient drank 500ml water and received 20mg Furosemide injection. After 30 minutes, they lay in prone position with upper trunk 45°downward to the ground. A vibrator was applied over the flank and subjects received vibration therapy for 10 minutes. Patients received follow up one month and three months after the shockwave lithotripsy. Stone clearance and residual stone characteristics were documented with plain abdominal radiography. Result: There were no significant differences in both groups while comparing demographics, total stone diameter, radiological features (infundibular neck diameter, infundibular length, caliceal height, infundibular-pelvic angles, infundibular-ureteral angles, infundibular-vertebral angles, cortical thickness) and shockwave parameters (shockwave intensity and duration). The radiologically documented complete stone clearance rates were significantly different in one months (control vs PDI: 19.0% vs 35.7%, p=0.045) and three months (control vs PDI: 24.1% vs 48.2%, p=0.006). There was also significant difference in change of stone area between two groups in one month (23.4% v.s. 68.7%, p<0.001) and three months (27.9% v.s. 82.5%, p<0.001). The predictors for one month stone clearance were initial stone area (OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.91－0.99) and infundibular-pelvic angle (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01－1.15). The predictors for three month stone clearance were initial stone area (OR=0.95, 95% CI 0.92－0.99), infundibular neck diameter (OR=2.50, 95% CI 1.32－4.75) and infundibular-pelvic angle (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01－1.13). Conclusion: Percussion, diuresis and inversion therapy is effective in assisting the clearance of lower pole renal stone after shockwave lithotripsy.
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Lumma, Philipp-Paul. "Analyse der Ergebnisse und Komplikationen der ureterorenoskopischen Steintherapie von 1998 bis 2008 unter Berücksichtigung des verwendeten Instrumentariums sowie der Steincharakteristika." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B20C-F.
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Wang, Chia-man, and 王家曼. "CIS Design for A Bicycle Rental Store." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73278619125480631923.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
工業設計學系碩士班
99
Tainan City is the birthplace of Taiwanese culture. It also has the longest history among many cities in Taiwan. It has the most historical sties in Taiwan, and is also rich in natural tourist resources. Cycling is a popular activity in recent years. People start to accept bicycle tourism because bicycle lanes were set up in many cities, also because living in a style of the consideration of low-carbon consuming and environmental protection. Tainan City has established part of bike lanes. All the bicycle lanes will become a road network connecting city and beach. Furthermore, the product service system is one concept, which will transform the service into the product and increase the value of the product. Object of this research is a leisure bicycle rental shop, planning a series of visual recognition, and referring to the product service system analysis result, and creating unique value of the brand. The creation content includes: Basic system, administration application system and environment indicating system, as well as product service practical application. The research expects that the successful brand image will be established by unification CIS and the product service, and provide the city visitor better service.
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Tsai, Shu-Fen, and 蔡淑芬. "Urine Proteomic Analysis of Melamine-related Renal Stones and Nephropathy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12124894687777626073.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
生物資源學院碩士在職專班
100
Melamine, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic triazine compound, is an important material in chemical engineering. Because of its high nitrogen content, it has been illegally added into milk and other protein products, thus resulting in food safety issues. A recent epidemic study of melamine contamination of baby formula milk powder in China has been associated with the development of urinary tract stones, though the clinical manifestations, disease mechanism, and predisposing factors are incompletely understood. The approval of this study was annually reviewed by the institutional review board (IRB) of National Yang-Ming University Hospital. We have screened 436 people (200 females and 236 males) from September to October in 2008. Total 388 people under 18 years old (162 girls and 226 boys) were enrolled in our investigation and under thorough history taking including feeding history, symptoms and signs of nephrolithiasis, urinalysis and ultrasonography of kidney. Though all were asymptomatic, some were screened by abnormal findings of ultrasonography. A total of 45 children with melamine exposure history were suspected with nephrolithiasis with prevalence of 11.6%. Boys are obviously dominant than girls. The patients were classified into one control group with negative findings and three groups with different ultrasonographic hyperechogenic findings and its size included: patch or stone (>7mm), nodule (4-7mm), and foci (<4mm). The abnormal ultrasonographic findings were essentially found on both kidneys (77.3%). Urinalysis results show that there was a significant difference in occult blood. Patch/stone/nodule (>4mm) group is correlated with high melamine exposure, while Foci (<4mm) group is correlated with low melamine exposure. 23 of the patients were called back for follow-up in 2011 and found that stones and urinalysis results from these patients are not improved. Furthermore, we used proteomic technologies to analyze urinary samples from 3 groups: patch or stone (>7mm), nodule (4-7mm), and foci (<4mm). Samples were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and image analysis by Prodigy SameSpots software. Nine protein spots significantly altered (at least 2-fold change) were subjected to LC-ESI Q-TOF MS/MS analysis and were identified by Mascot program as mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2, beta-2-microglobulin, Ig kappa light chain C-region, basement membrane-specific heparin sulfate proteoglycan core protein and vesicular integral membrane protein VIP36. We thereby concluded that the melamine-induced renal stones and nephropathy may be attributed to damages in the basement membrane of renal tubules and glomeruli.
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Silva, Mafalda Sofia Borges Teixeira da. "Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for large renal stones (15-50 mm) : a retrospective study." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25803.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and safety of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) in the management of large renal stones (15-50 mm). Materials and methods: Data from patients with large renal stones (≥15 mm) who underwent RIRS was analyzed. Patients had pre-operative blood and urine analysis, urine cultures and imaging investigations. Post-operative stone-free state was defined as a complete absence of stones or stones ≤4 mm in imaging studies. Intra-operatory and post-operatory complications were registered and classified according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification. Results: 36 patients were included, 6 of which were operated twice resulting in 42 procedures analyzed. 57.1% of the procedures were done in men and 42.9% in women with a mean age of 56.5 years. Mean hospital stay duration was 1.27 days. Stone burden ranged from 15 to 50 mm (median 18.0). Overall stone-free rate was 54.8%. Overall complication rate was 9.3% with 1 intra-operative complication and 3 cases of post-operative mild febrile UTI. Conclusions: RIRS is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of large renal stones (15-50mm) due to its good SFR with low complication rate, short hospital stay, virtually no bleeding and the possibility of further procedures without adding morbidity.
Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia e segurança da Cirurgia Intrarenal Retrograda no tratamento de grandes cálculos renais (15-50 mm). Materiais e métodos: Foram analisados dados de doentes com grandes cálculos renais (≥15 mm) submetidos a Cirurgia Intrarenal Retrograda. Análises de sangue e urina, uroculturas e estudos imagiológicos foram realizados no período pré-operatório. Stone-free foi definido como ausência de cálculos ou cálculos ≤4 mm em exames de imagem. Foram registadas as complicações intra e pós-operatórias, classificadas de acordo com a Classificação de Clavien-Dindo. Resultados: Foram incluídos 36 doentes, dos quais 6 foram intervencionados duas vezes resultando no estudo de 42 procedimentos. 57.1% dos procedimentos foram feitos em homens e 42.9% em mulheres, sendo a idade média de 56.5 anos. A duração de internamento teve uma média de 1.27 dias. A dimensão inicial dos cálculos variou entre 15 e 50 mm (mediana 18.0). A taxa de stone-free foi de 54.8% obtendo-se uma taxa de complicações de 9.3%. Foi registada 1 complicação intra-operatória e 3 casos de infeção do trato urinário. Conclusões: A Cirurgia Intrarenal Retrograda é uma opção eficaz e segura no tratamento de grandes cálculos renais (15-50 mm), dada a sua taxa de sucesso associada à baixa taxa de complicações, curta duração de internamento, virtualmente nula hemorragia e à possibilidade de intervenções subsequentes sem acrescentar morbilidade.
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Lee, Ching-Tang, and 李慶堂. "Evaluation on Store Expansion of Chain Enterprise - Real Options Approach." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87459950874283254942.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益技術學院
流通管理系
93
After over 10 years of continuous prosperity in the chain store industry in Taiwan,it starts to steps into its maturity period, it has to face the global competition, in this severe era, anyone who can grasp the channel can grasp the market. The channel for chain or franchise industry is to open a store, the headquarters of a chain industry expand the stores aggressively through the development of many chain stores so that the market as well as the purchasing scale can be expanded and the operation and product incoming cost can be greatly reduced. The only way to achieve economic scale and enhance competitiveness is to expand the chain store system continuously. Through a case study in this article, we are able illustrate the value of evaluating store expansion investment for the chain and franchise industry by using real options approach, through this method, the case study company soon decides that the best strategy is to use chain model and immediate investment method to expand the new stores, however, the company can also choose flexibly to use franchise model to expand new stores. Under the competitive and complicated environment, the traditional financial capital budget method can not be totally applicable to the evaluation of opening new chain stores, therefore, the real options concept is born, it is developed mainly to face the uncertainty and to adjust the flexibility. The main purpose of this study is to use the real options concept to the investment policies of expanding chain stores. It not only analyzes the operation model of chain and franchise industry to be used as reference in the strategic planning of investment, but also improves the drawback of the investment plan evaluation by the traditional capital budget. The flexibility faced by the chain store enterprise in expanding the chain stores will be considered, a model by using real options approach for the evaluation of the investment of expanding chain store will be built. The main goal is to let the chain store enterprise be able to make channel decision based on chain model or franchise model according to the enterprise’s strategy, meanwhile, make an evaluation standard for the chain store industry to follow during the execution of store expansion and investment strategy.
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Braga, Vitor Damião de Sousa. "Price discrimination in-store, in mobility and in real-time." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/9472.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on the concepts of Mobility, Real-time Marketing and Price Discrimination, analyzing why it makes sense to study them together.
Boosted by the success of personalized offers in the e-commerce, the goal of this research is to understand if the market is prepared for real-time price discrimination by using smartphones.
A survey was conducted in order to gain some empirical knowledge, and the collected data was characterized regarding the research question and by using some descriptive statistics and cross tabulations.
The results showed that in the observed sample, customers are willing to use the mobile channel through a product barcode scanning process in order to get a discount.
These findings contribute with further insights into understanding how the mobile channel can be used by retail stores in order to bring additional sales for companies by reaching the most price sensitive customers.
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Lin, Ying-chieh, and 林英傑. "A Study of the Factors of Customer Repurchase on Chain Rental Book Store." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tay3e4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
管理研究所
96
The rental book store in Taiwan is very long time age, but it is a affiliated business on stationer before, up to today, it is a professional business. In this changed, the most important is the chain management. This change means the traditional operating has became a paste tense. In addition to run a rental book store is more easily and low cost, so there are more and more people come to this business, therefore many owner start to care about their customers. They analyzes customer’s behavior to find the key point of the factors of repurchase. So the study hope to find the factors of repurchase by Customer’s satisfaction, Change cost, Brand image and Competition attraction. The research is focus on the general customers on rental book store, but have two part sampling. One is random sample and another is non-random sample. Use Customer’s satisfaction, Change cost, Brand image and Competition attraction four aspect to set up the hypothesis, and by Lisrel to datum analysis and annotation the hypothesis. The conclusion is the quality of service isn’t positive with repurchase behavior, but the quality of product is positive with it and the Brand image is also positive with the repurchase behavior.
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Li, Jia-jyun, and 李嘉浚. "A feasibility study of a 3D ultrasound image system for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy tracking of renal stones." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55253668132067850105.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
生物醫學工程學系碩士班
97
There Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is the most effective and common practice for the treatment of renal calculi. Even though this type of treatment has been available for many years, it is far away from an optimal state, because breathing induces movement onto the abdominal organs. For this reason shock waves hit not only the kidney stone but also other healthy tissue, resulting in damage on damaging the kidney and other organs. Moreover, the rate for recurrence of stone is increased since fragments remained in the kidney due to incomplete treatment. Previous research has presented an improved method that can follow the movement of the kidney and move the shock wave generator accordingly so that all shock waves hit the kidney stone. The disadvantage of this method is that the ultrasound imaging that was used for the tracking is two dimensional. Therefore the system does not have the ability to follow a three dimensional kidney stone path at all times. This fact makes the system difficult to be accepted by the majority of medical technicians. The research presented here uses registration of the ultrasound images with a three dimensional image acquired at the beginning of the treatment in order to overcome existing problems. Measurements with phantom are estimated for improving the effectiveness of the proposed method. This research is an attempt to produce a system that will be more acceptable for medical technicians.
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"An Empirical Mega-Analysis of Retail Locations: Value Platforms, Real-Estate Maturity, and Deployment Decisions." Doctoral diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18059.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to empirically analyze the results of the retail location decision making process and how chain networks evolve given their value platform. It employs one of the largest cross-sectional databases of retailers ever assembled, including 50 US retail chains and over 70,000 store locations. Three closely related articles, which develop new theory explaining location deployment and behaviors of retailers, are presented. The first article, "Regionalism in US Retailing," presents a comprehensive spatial analysis of the domestic patterns of retailers. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistics examine the degree to which the chains are deployed regionally versus nationally. Regional bias is found to be associated with store counts, small market deployment, and the location of the founding store, but not the age of the chain. Chains that started in smaller markets deploy more stores in other small markets and vice versa for chains that started in larger markets. The second article, "The Location Types of US Retailers," is an inductive analysis of the types of locations chosen by the retailers. Retail locations are classified into types using cluster analysis on situational and trade area data at the geographical scale of the individual stores. A total of twelve distinct location types were identified. A second cluster analysis groups together the chains with the most similar location profiles. Retailers within the same retail business often chose similar types of locations and were placed in the same clusters. Retailers generally restrict their deployment to one of three overall strategies including metropolitan, large retail areas, or market size variety. The third article, "Modeling Retail Chain Expansion and Maturity through Wave Analysis: Theory and Application to Walmart and Target," presents a theory of retail chain expansion and maturity whereby retailers expand in waves with alternating periods of faster and slower growth. Walmart diffused gradually from Arkansas and Target grew from the coasts inward. They were similar, however, in that after expanding into an area they reached a point of saturation and opened fewer stores, then moved on to other areas, only to revisit the earlier areas for new stores.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Geography 2013
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Saksriboworn, Jitima, and 王玉蓮. "The study of relationship among value, attitude and online purchasing intention-moderating effect of the real store." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21253014286162694393.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南台科技大學
企業管理系
96
Taiwan is the well-known country for the world leading manufacturer in electronic product. But the consumption of 3C products (Communication, Computer, and Consumer electronic) represented only 17 % of the total volume in electronic commerce market. The major objectives of this study are to identify the interrelationship among utilitarian and hedonic value, attitude, and online purchasing intention. Moreover, this research also study the influence of moderating factors such as the awareness of real store, negative experience and negative word-of-mouth, and the relational bond strategies which might affect to consumer attitude or their value perception Total of 232 survey questionnaires were collected. The analysis result shown that consumer who perceives positively in value perception, whether utilitarian or hedonic value, tend to have the positively attitude, and the positively attitude will cause the positively online purchasing intention. For the study of moderating effect, the result has shown that the interaction between the awareness of real store and attitude had a positively significant effect on consumer online purchasing intention, but not shown any significant in the negative experience and negative word-of-mouth moderating factor. In addition, the interaction between relational bond strategies and consumer value perception also has shown the positively significant effect on consumer attitude, especially utilitarian value. It means that consumer would rather to shop with internet retailer who provides them the strategies which relate to their utilitarian perception.
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He, Keyu. "The database implementation and algorithm design of qPCR-DAMS a database tool to analyze, manage, and store quantitative real-time PCR data /." 2007. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2522.pdf.
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