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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Renewable and Green Energy'
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1
White, Joanna Elizabeth. "Renewable Energy Zoning: Cutting Green Tape While Improving Ecological Outcomes for Renewable Energy Projects." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/284.
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Climate change creates an imperative to develop renewable energy infrastructure, and the state of Vermont has committed to developing new renewables. However, renewables pose significant threats to natural systems because of the dramatic changes to ecosystems that occur with development. Public outcry over new developments and dissatisfaction with the current process used for siting indicate that the old regulatory process may be outdated. This thesis seeks to bridge the divide between ecology and law in renewable energy infrastructure siting. Using the state of Vermont as a case study, it suggests a new, proactive energy planning process that would use spatial analysis and public involvement to bring experts and citizens together to evaluate difficult tradeoffs and make hard choices about where to site renewables.
In this thesis I use content analysis to determine which issues are important to stakeholders involved in the debate about energy siting. I then develop spatial analysis of Chittenden County to examine four metrics important to siting: generating potential, carbon storage, viewshed, and biodiversity. This spatial analysis could be applied by policy makers to evaluate tradeoffs among these four metrics. Finally, I propose a new regulatory siting process that would use stakeholder engagement and proactive planning to create "Renewable Energy Zones" where development could be fast-tracked while safeguards are in place to protect important natural resources and the public interest.
A better understanding of public concern, landscape-scale spatial modeling of ecosystem services, and a new proactive energy planning process could pave the way for a more effective siting process that allows for rapid development of renewables to combat climate change and includes local voices.
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Jensen, Bjorn B. (Bjorn Benjamin). "Brownfields to green energy : redeveloping contaminated lands with large-scale renewable energy facilities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59747.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-132).
This thesis uses case studies of one unsuccessful, and three successful brownfield-to-renewable energy projects to identify common barriers such projects face and how those barriers can be overcome. The most significant barriers identified are those typical of brownfield development: cleanup costs, liability risks, uncertainty, technical and legal complexity, and the need to coordinate multiple stakeholders. These barriers can be overcome through strong partnerships characterized by full cooperation among developers, property owners, regulators, and local officials. Political and public support enables cooperation between public and private stakeholders. This support is driven by an expectation that brownfield-to-renewable energy projects will improve the city's image and stimulate development of the clean energy industry locally. The three successful projects received substantial public support. This suggests that locating renewable energy facilities on contaminated lands is a possible solution to the siting controversies faced by new renewable energy facilities, and by wind farms especially. Renewable energy facilities offer a reuse option for brownfields that can coexist with ongoing remediation. Carving-out less polluted parcels from large properties for phased development is a strategy that has great potential to expand renewable energy development on brownfields and provide property owners revenue that can facilitate complete remediation. The thesis concludes with recommendations for local, state, and federal actions to encourage and facilitate brownfields-to-renewable energy projects. Recommended local level actions include incorporating renewable energy into municipal comprehensive plans and brownfield redevelopment programs. Overall, recommendations emphasize facilitating the "carve-out" strategy (i.e. use the cleanest parts of brownfields for new energy projects) and modifying financial incentives to favor brownfield sites.
by Bjorn B. Jensen.
M.C.P.
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Green, Erin H. "Green power in green spaces : policy options to promote renewable energy use in U.S. national parks /." Electronic version of thesis, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2669.
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Potiphar, Lee Christopher. "The impact of UK green power marketing within a liberalised European electricity supply industry." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251384.
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Ndlovu, Vanessa Constance. "The Role of Renewable Energy in the South African Energy Supply Mix and Economy." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76026.
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Globally and in most emerging economies such as South Africa, there is an urgent need to attain sustainable development goals as well as honor climate change mitigation commitments. In order to achieve this and to participate in a global transition to clean, low-carbon energy systems, it is imperative for South Africa to focus on its energy transition strategy. In South Africa, the current energy system is mainly reliant on fossil fuel, nuclear and gas energy sources. The high reliance on fossil fuels combined with an old fleet of power plants have intensified the challenges of unsustainability, poor security of supply, as well as unreliability demonstrated in frequent disruptions in the electricity supply. The South African energy supply system is in great need for transformation through the strengthening of cleaner and sustainable energy technologies.
This thesis used the international energy supply mix comparison, energy supply mix drivers causality analysis, as well as the energy supply mix system modelling to investigate and propose an optimal energy supply mix which is aligned to the current South African national policy frameworks as well as the strategic targets and plans which enable a sustainable and secure energy transition.
The overarching aim of this study was to investigate the role of renewable energy in the South African energy supply mix and economy. To do so, the specific research questions of the study were: 1) How is South Africa’s planned energy supply mix relative to the rest of the world and how has it changed in recent years? ; 2) What is the relationship between renewable energy and economic growth in South Africa?; 3) What is the optimal energy supply mix that is used in South Africa in order to assist with the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies? These questions were addressed through three research papers around which the thesis is structured.
The study’s findings advance the EnergyPlan system modelling tool and methodology and its introduction in the South African context. In terms of its energy supply mix (specifically electricity supply mix), South Africa is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels and there is a need for diversification towards a cleaner and sustainable energy supply mix. As a result, it is evident that nonrenewable energy has the most impact on economic growth. There is also a need to increase R&D expenditure and energy technology development.
The key contribution of this thesis is the introduction to the South African context an energy supply mix methodology and tool that can be used to accurately determine the maximum contribution of renewable energy into the South African energy supply mix at the least cost and minimum emissions enabling the transition from a fossil fuel dominated mix to one that has more renewable energy. Also providing an evaluation of the role of renewable energies in the future optimal energy supply mix of the country and empirically evaluating and discussing the current Intergrated Resource Plan (IRP) as part of the process. In this regard, identifying the gaps in the current energy mix against likely scenarios based on the current economic climate. As well as better informing the policy makers and key stakeholders in the electricity industry on the role and effect of preferring a renewable -based energy supply mix.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Eskom; University of Pretoria
Economics
PhD
Unrestricted
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Sun, Peng. "Performance Improvement for Wireless Mesh Networks with Renewable Energy Source." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34967.
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Multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have been the focus of numerous research efforts during the past few years. These efforts aimed at extending the utilization of technologies based on the IEEE 802.11 standard in large-scale communities and even for city wide networking. However, mesh nodes in these networks are typically limited in their resources (e.g., bandwidth, power and radio interfaces). Such a limitation has led to an unsatisfactory network performance as well as users dissatisfaction. This dissertation addresses three important performance issues related to WMNs, namely, network performance enhancement, network survivability and green communications.
To address the first issue, a novel quality of service (QoS) aware joint channel assignment (CA) and routing algorithm is developed. The proposed algorithm employs both dynamic and static CA techniques and corresponding link schedules that maximize the network throughput and minimize the delay and packet loss ratio. Next, the thesis addresses the problem of network survivability and theoretically analyzes the effects of node failure probabilities on the ability of the remaining network nodes to maintain their connectivity. A tight upper bound on the node failure probabilities needed to maintain full network connectivity on the one hand is first developed. On the other hand, a lower bound, at which the system loses connectivity, is also derived. We show that these bounds are dependent only on the nodes' geometric distribution and density. Based on the premise that failure of nodes in a small area may lead to failure of dependent nodes in other areas due to the quick divergence of traffic in these areas, an efficient node failure backup scheme is presented. The scheme relies on the capacity of the surviving network components in order to find new paths that do not overload the neighbours of the failed node which reduces the probability of generating congestion.
Finally, the thesis addresses the problem of realizing energy-efficient WMNs that can operate using renewable energy sources. In these systems, batteries are often used to store and regulate the use of the supplied green energy to transmit the received data at each network router in order to overcome the problem of supply fluctuating of various energy sources. To realize these networks, the behaviour of the residual energy of the battery at a heavily loaded green wireless mesh node with a general traffic arrival and energy charging functions is first analyzed. Based on obtained theoretical results, both an online and an offline QoS aware packet scheduling schemes are proposed to minimize the probability of depleting the battery.
Each of the aforementioned contributions is supported with various experimental evaluations to demonstrate the achieved performance enhancements.
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Kanofsky, Samantha. "Whole Foods: renewable energy credits, green business, and capitalist approaches to climate change." Pomona College, 2009. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,63.
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Dedication. Acknowledgements. Preface. Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Green Business and Carbon Offsetting. Chapter 3A: Case Study. Chapter 3B: Interview. Chapter 4: Case Study. Chapter 5: Conclusion. Bibliography.
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Naidoo, Rekha. "The role of communication in promoting green energy in the King Cetshwayo District." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1724.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Communication Science in the Department of Communication Science at the University Of Zululand, 2017Renewable energy is considered to be a viable and cost-effective solution to the problem of providing electricity to rural regions in many developing countries. The infrastructure challenges experienced by South Africa’s energy parastatal Eskom in providing a stable and affordable electricity supply to the country is compounded by criticism of Eskom’s continued use of coal-powered stations. The King Cetshwayo District has a high unemployment rate, with thousands of rural residents living in poverty, without access to water or electricity. The possibility of utilising organic waste to create biogas is an untapped market that would provide many advantages for rural dwellers. From a communications perspective, this study analysed how communications theories could be utilised to stimulate interest in renewable energy. The feasibility of using renewable energy as a source of electricity for households was considered, while the potential for job creation and other economic activities emanating from the production and sale of biogas was also examined. The study examined how the proximity of cattle herds on a substantial proportion of rural land could offer the opportunity to access animal waste, which is a core fuel source for biogas. If communities are amenable to the concept of a cheap and environmentally-friendly energy option, it would mean huge implications for the future of creating a green economy in the region. The research has found that biogas can also be bottled and sold at a fraction of the cost of purchasing conventional grid electricity. This will mean cost-savings for poor households as well as job creation for entrepreneurs who preserve and sell the gas. The study delved into the socio-economic advantages of using green energy in the King Cetshwayo District and the reasons why communication theories and strategies are critical to the further progress of renewable energy projects in the district.
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Gebresilassie, Yosef. "Sizing and modeling a microgrid containing renewable energy production, energy storage, electrical vehicles and other green technologies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289328.
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Optimal design of a microgrid containing renewable energy sources in a residential sector is important to have a technical and economical feasible investment. In this project a microgrid (MG) for a house cooperative in Hudiksvall, Sweden has been studied. The aim of this study is to estimate how the electric vehicles (EVs) will aid the MG assuming different availabilities. Furthermore, this study aims to investigate optimal sizes of photovoltaic (PV) power and solar collectors for the households as well as possible energy storage capacity to increase the self-consumption. To study the role of the EVs in aiding the MG a simulation was carried in MATLAB/SIMULINK. To estimate the optimal sizes of the PV cells a life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) was carried out. The optimal output from the SC was estimated by using the f -chart method. The results from this study points out that a higher EV capacity will be required when the EVs are available for longer hours of the day, which is mainly due to the large share of PV power produced and the limited range of charging/discharging capacity of the EV battery. The LCCA shows that a high PV capacity will lead to a low net present value and a longer payback period. The sensitivity analysis which was carried out indicates that the PV system investment is mostly sensitive to the investment cost. The f -chart method gives the recommended values for SC output and an estimation of the thermal energy storage capacity.Ett mikronät som innehåller olika förnyelsebara energikällor behöver designas optimalt för kunna ha en både ekonomisk och teknisk genomförbar investering. I detta projekt studerades ett mikronät för en bostadsförening i Hudiksvall. Syftet med detta projekt var att studera hur elbilar kommer att kunna försörja nätet vid olika tillgänglighetstider hos bilarna. Utöver det syftade det här projektet också på att uppskatta den optimala effekten på solceller och solfångare för bostadsföreningen samt möjligheterna för energilagring för att utöka konsumtionen av närproducerad el och värme. En simulering i MATLAB/SIMULINK utfördes för att studera elbilarnas roll i att försörja mikronätet. För att få en bild av den optimala effekten på solcellerna utfördes en livscykelkostandsanalys. Den optimala effekten för solfångarna har beräknats genom f -chart metoden. Resultaten från denna studie visar att högre batterikapacitet på elbilar kommer att krävas när elbilarna är kopplade till mikronätet för längre perioder. Detta beror på den höga effektproduktionen från solcellerna samt den begränsade nivån för laddning/urladdning av elbilarnas batteri. Livcykelkostnadsanalysen gav ett lägre nuvärde samt längre återbetalningsperioder då en högre kapacitet på solcellerna installerades. Känslighetsanalysen som utfördes visar att nuvärdet av investeringen är mest känslig för investeringskostnaden. Med f -chart metoden kunde slutsatser gällande optimal solfångare och termisk energilagring dras.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, Ірина Борисівна Дегтярьова, Ирина Борисовна Дегтярева, Iryna Borysivna Dehtiarova, and D. Shevelyova. "Green energy for sustainable development in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45270.
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To ensure energy independence of Ukraine on the way to sustainable development one of the priority areas is the implementation of alternative energy projects. Rising energy demand raise the issues of a gradual shift from traditional technologies that involve the use of mainly energy assets and passive energy networks to fundamentally new solutions, focused on the widespread use of renewable energy sources (RES) and active networks that can provide services for transfer, storage and conversion of electricity.
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Canazza, Chiara <1991>. "The involvement of Mexico towards a Green and Sustainable Economy: the renewable energy potential." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9113.
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The concept of Sustainable Development has obtained even more popularity and attention over the last decades. Worldwide political leaders and experts as well as international organizations meet regularly to discuss and find appropriate solutions to ensure an overall economic growth compatible with the integrity of ecosystems and future generations. The Green Economy model presents itself as a possible sustainable solution and it has been outlined by UNEP at the beginning of the new Millennium. My dissertation examines how the Green Economy model is finding its implementation in one of the main emerging economies: Mexico. In particular, the focus is on the renewable energy matrix of the Latin American country as it represents a high potential for the massive reduction of its fossil fuel dependency. By adopting the right mix of legislative, economic and technological measures contemplated by the model into question, Mexico has the chance to be the protagonist of an inclusive green growth in which job opportunities could proliferate and energy security could be granted to the numerous local communities that have been excluded from time immemorial. As it will be observed, the country has taken its first steps towards such a green transition thanks to a wide range of stakeholders: from Mexican Governmental institutions, local credit institutions, businesses and civil society, to international organizations and financial mechanisms. Furthermore, the international community is showing very interested in the Mexican decarbonisation as the numerous international agreements and FDI inflows witness. Nevertheless, as it will emerged in the last chapter, there are challenges that are delaying the complete success of the Green Economy approach.
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White, Sara Louise Batley. "The impact of domestic electricity supply competition on the application of renewable energy technologies in the UK." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4098.
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Choi, Dong Gu. "Energy models for electricity sector with green policies and technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45883.
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A variety of energy models and tools have been used for an comprehensive analysis of the complex energy systems and the design of pathway to sustainable energy world. This thesis analyzes three interesting problems in the electricity sector by developing and using suitable energy models.
Chapter 2 investigates how to incorporate demand responsiveness for policy analysis in the electricity sector using a least-cost model. This study develops its own least-cost model which includes some characteristics for two important policies in the electricity sector, and suggests an iterative approach for incorporating the demand response to price change under new policy. Based on a case study, the state of Georgia, this chapter shows the effects of including demand response on the evaluation of policy. Chapter 3 is about new technology adoption pathways in the electric power system. In this chapter, by investigating the related status of policies and specifications of electric vehicles and wind power technologies in the U.S., several adoption pathways of the technologies in the U.S. eastern interconnection have been developed. This study develops four-serial models for the estimation of future economic and environmental impacts of the technologies' penetration. The results show that the total greenhouse gas emissions of the entire energy system do not substantially decrease even with a high level of electric vehicle adoption. The combination of two technologies, even more with appropriate policies, can notably decrease the total greenhouse gas emissions. Chapter 4 is a study about demand response programs, particularly optional time-based rates, for residential customers. This chapter analyzes the main reason that the participation of the current programs is low even though the programs have benefits. This study investigates two policy tools, a subsidy for flexible residential demand and a shared-savings mechanism based on consumption pattern changes, and examines the implementation of the tools and their potential to overcome the current inefficient operation.
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Stange, Maximilian, Benjamin Jacobsen, Stefanie Schubert, Mark Richter, Tom Wolf, and Lilly Meynerts. "Leitfaden Green Energy Parks." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2021. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75424.
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Der Leitfaden Green Energy Parks ist eines der Ergebnisse aus dem EFRE geförderten Forschungsprojekt GRIDS – Grüne Energien für Industrielle Verbünde. Das Dokument bietet ein teilstrukturiertes Vorgehen zur Planung von umweltfreundlicheren Energieversorgungs- und Bereitstellungkonzepten für industrielle Verbünde (unter industriellen Verbünden werden in erster Linie Gewerbe- und Industrieparks verstanden). Der Leitfaden bietet damit erstmalig eine Zusammenfassung von Hinweisen und Empfehlungen für die Planung und Gestaltung von industriellen Verbünden. Der Leitfaden geht hierbei explizit auf bereits bestehende Verbünde
(Brown Field) ein. Der Leitfaden zeigt, wie eine möglichst ökologisch Nachhaltige Energiebereitstellung industrieller Verbünde erfolgen kann, sodass diese ökonomisch tragfähig ist.:1. Einleitung
2. Konzept
3. Datenbeschaffung und -analyse
4. Technologien und Maßnahmen
5. Validierung
6. Fördermöglichkeiten
7. Anhang
8. LiteraturThe Green Energy Parks guide is one of the results from the EFRE funded research project GRIDS - Green Energies for Industrial Alliances. The document provides a semi-structured approach to planning greener energy supply and provision concepts for industrial alliances (industrial alliances are primarily understood to be commercial and industrial parks). For the first time, the guideline offers a summary of hints and recommendations for the planning and design of industrial networks. The guideline explicitly deals with existing networks (brown field). The guideline shows how an ecologically sustainable energy supply of industrial networks can be achieved so that it is economically viable.:1. Einleitung 2. Konzept 3. Datenbeschaffung und -analyse 4. Technologien und Maßnahmen 5. Validierung 6. Fördermöglichkeiten 7. Anhang 8. Literatur
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Houseworth, Sean C. "Determinants of Green Power Purchases: An Analysis of the EPA's Green Power Partnership." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/592.
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This paper explores the factors that drive purchases of green power by private and public organizations. Using a cross-sectional analysis of participants in EPA’s Green Power Partnership, I explore whether state energy policies have motivated increased consumption of green power among these participating organizations. Additionally, I analyze economic and political variables by state to determine if certain factors contribute to an organization’s green power purchases. I find that state mandates on renewable energy production and lower premiums for green power lead to increased purchases of green power for members of the Green Power Partnership.
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Aguiar, Paulo Ricardo Rua. "Financing green development: 'Climate Bonds’ as a solution for institutional investors engagement." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9821.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis study examines whether ‘climate bonds’ are achieving the desired investment scale to tackle climate change and whether those bonds are being issued with features that are attractive to institutional investors. Several cases of climate bond issuances, especially by companies were analyzed. While investor’s interest in climate bonds exists, this market is still small and investors are not being offered with an attractive investment scale. As the results indicate, both credit enhancements and aggregation vehicles to enable scale investments are possible solutions to boost the climate bond market.
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Mujizat, Danar Anindito. "The Sovereign Green Sukuk: An Analysis of Its Process and Barriers to Funding Renewable Energy Projects in Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445408.
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Indonesia launched a sovereign green sukuk in 2018 to fund green projects that can contribute to addressing climate change and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This issuance also marked the first sovereigngreen sukuk issuance in the world. Since then, Indonesia has issued five sovereign green sukuks and has mobilized 3.23 billion USD from these issuances. The money raised from these sovereign green sukuks has been directed to five eligible sectors: sustainable transportation, energy efficiency, renewable energy, waste toenergy and waste management, and resilience to climate change for disaster risk areas. This study aims to assess firstly how the money raised by the Indonesian sovereign green sukuk flows to the renewable energy powerplant projects. Secondly, this research also aims to identify what kind of barriers influence the flows of greensukuk money to the renewable energy power plant projects. A literature review is carried out to outline the barriers that have been known to exist in green bond and green sukuk financial flows from the previous research. Meanwhile, an exploratory single case study is employed to explore the flow of money and identify the barriersin Indonesia. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that there are two key actors in implementing the flow of money: the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. The Ministry of Finance has a role as an issuer of the sovereigngreen sukuk. On the other hand, The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources has a role as the project ownerin the renewable energy sector. Therefore, it requires good coordination between them since each ministry hasdifferent responsibilities and priorities. Meanwhile, there are three frameworks that determine the mechanismof the flow of finance. Firstly, the state budget. Secondly, the Law No. 19/2008 concerning Sovereign Sukuk and its subordinate legislation, which is the Government Regulation No. 56/2011 concerning Project Financingthrough Sovereign Sukuk Issuance. Lastly, the Republic of Indonesia Green Bond and Green Sukuk Framework.The involvement of these frameworks shows that the implementation of the sovereign green sukuk must alignto the management of the state budget, must be compliant with the sovereign sukuk law and its subordinate legislation, and must follow the green principles according to the Republic of Indonesia Green Bond and Green Sukuk Framework. This study also shows two main barriers: the lack of coordination between ministries and the lack of capacity in some of the regional governments. The lack of coordination between ministries has affected the formulation of the impact report. Since the impact report is one of the key components in the sovereign green sukuk, the delay in delivering the impact report and the lack of quality in providing theinformation in the impact report can diminish the investor’s confidence. Meanwhile, the lack of capacity insome of the regional governments to manage and operate the renewable energy power plants funded by the green sukuk has led these projects could not give the impact as expected in reducing emission and achieving the SDGs target in the rural areas. Based on these results, this study suggests these recommendations: (1) The Ministry of Finance should consider establishing a directorate dedicated to exclusively handling green finance; (2) The ministries that own the projects should raise their awareness in reporting the impact of the green projects; (3) The coordination between the ministries should be improved in ensuring solid implementation in the issuance, allocation, and reporting phase; (4) The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources should ensure that the plan to build renewable energypower plants from the green sukuk are well-planned and well-executed. (5) The regional governments should increase their technical and financial capacity to ensure the sustainability of the renewable energy power plantsthey manage.
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Boyer, de la Giroday Elsa, and David Stenvall. "Green Investments Under Uncertainty : - A cross-quantilogram approach." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158100.
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In this study, we analyze the quantile dependence for green bond returns and renewable energy stock returns with three major asset classes: corporate bonds, stocks and oil. Furthermore, we control the dependence structure for technology, uncertainties as well as lag structures and time-varying effects. We apply the cross-quantilogram developed by Han et al. (2016) that allows us to study the dependence structures between two time series in arbitrary quantiles. The results led us to three key findings: 1) The returns of thegreen bond market are tail-dependent on the returns of both long and short-term maturities for the corporate bond market but are not dependent on the stock market nor the oil market. The tail-dependence indicates that while investors may hold green bonds due to moral incentives, it is not enough during times of turbulence. Further, the dependence structures are short-lived. 2)The renewable energy market is dependent on oil returns of similar quantiles, suggesting that renewable energy substitutes oil when oil prices increase. However, renewable energy does not influence the oil market, indicating that oil is not a substitutional energy source for renewable energy driven firms. Renewable energy stocks are further highly dependent on the returns of the general stock market but are not influenced by the returns on the corporate bond market. 3) The dependence of both renewable energy and green bonds with the asset markets are time-varying. Our overall results obtained by this paper provides information that could help facilitate new investment allocations towards green investments. Further, the results may have immediate and important implications for investors. For those in the corporate bond market, adding green bonds does not add diversification benefits during turbulence. Similarly, renewable energy stock does not add diversification benefits to investors in the oil or stock market.
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Hasan, MD Sabbir. "Smart management of renewable energy in clouds : from infrastructure to application." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0010/document.
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Avec l'avènement des technologies de Cloud computing et son adoption, les entreprises et les institutions académiques transfèrent de plus en plus leurs calculs et leurs données vers le Cloud. Alors que ce progrès et ce modèle simple d'accès ont eu un impact considérable sur notre communauté scientifique et industrielle en termes de réduction de la complexité et augmentation des revenus, les centres de données consomment énormément d'énergie, ce qui se traduit par des émissions plus élevées de C02. En réponse, de nombreux travaux de recherche se sont focalisés sur les enjeux du développement durable pour le Cloud à travers la réduction de la consommation d'énergie en concevant des stratégies d'efficacité énergétiques. Cependant, l'efficacité énergétique dans l'infrastructure du C!oud ne suffira pas à stimuler la réduction de • l'empreinte carbone. Il est donc impératif d'envisager une utilisation intelligente de l'énergie verte à la fois au niveau de l'infrastructure et de l'application pour réduire davantage l'empreinte carbone. Depuis peu, certains fournisseurs de Cloud computing alimentent leurs centres de données avec de l'énergie renouvelable. Les sources d'énergie renouvelable sont très intermittentes, ce qui crée plusieurs défis pour les gérer efficacement. Pour surmonter ces défis, nous étudions les options pour intégrer les différentes sources d'énergie renouvelable de manière réaliste et proposer un Cloud energy broker qui peut ajuster la disponibilité et la combinaison de prix pour acheter de l'énergie verte dynamiquement sur le marché de l'énergie et rendre les centres de données partiellement verts. Puis, nous introduisons le concept de la virtualisation de l'énergie verte, qui peut être vu comme une alternative au stockage d'énergie utilisé dans les centres de données pour éliminer le problème d'intermittence dans une certaine mesure. Avec l'adoption du concept de virtualisation, nous maximisons l'utilisation de l'énergie verte contrairement au stockage d'énergie qui induit des pertes d'énergie, tout en introduisant des Green SLA basé sur l'énergie verte pour le fournisseur de services et les utilisateurs finaux. En utilisant des traces réalistes et une simulation et une analyse approfondie, nous montrons que la proposition peut fournir un système efficace, robuste et rentable de gestion de l'énergie pour le centre de données. Si une gestion efficace de l'énergie en présence d'énergie verte intermittente est nécessaire, la façon dont les applications Cloud modernes peuvent tirer profit de la présence ou l'absence d'énergie verte n'a pas été suffisamment étudiée. Contrairement aux applications Batch, les applications Interactive Cloud doivent toujours être accessibles et ne peuvent pas être programmées à l'avance pour correspondre au profil d'énergie verte. Par conséquent, cette thèse propose une solution d'autoscaling adaptée à l'énergie pour exploiter les caractéristiques internes des applications et créer une conscience d'énergie verte dans l'application, tout en respectant les propriétés traditionnelles de QoS. Pour cela, nous concevons un contrôleur d'application green qui profite de la disponibilité de l'énergie verte pour effectuer une adaptation opportuniste dans une application gérée par un contrôleur orienté performance. L'expérience est réalisée avec une application réelle sur Grid5000 et les résultats montrent une réduction significative de la consommation d'énergie par rapport à l'approche orientée performance, tout en respectant les attributs traditionnels de QoSWith the advent of cloud enabling technologies and adoption of cloud computing, enterprise and academic institutions are moving their IT workload to the cloud. Although this prolific advancement and easy to access model have greatly impacted our scientific and industrial community in terms of reducing complexity and increasing revenue, data centers are consuming enormous amount of energy, which translates into higher carbon emission. In response, varieties of research work have focused on environmental sustainability for Cloud Computing paradigm through energy consumption reduction by devising energy efficient strategies. However, energy efficiency in cloud infrastructure alone is not going to be enough to boost carbon footprint reduction. Therefore, it is imperative to envision of smartly using green energy at infrastructure and application level for further reduction of carbon footprint. In recent years, some cloud providers are powering their data centers with renewable energy. The characteristics of renewable energy sources are highly intermittent which creates several challenges to manage them efficiently. To overcome the problem, we investigate the options and challenges to integrate different renewable energy sources in a realistic way and propose a Cloud energy broker, which can adjust the availability and price combination to buy Green energy dynamically from the energy market in advance to make a data center partially green. Later, we introduce the concept of Virtualization of Green Energy, which can be seen as an alternative to energy storage used in data center to eliminate the intermittency problem to some extent. With the adoption of virtualization concept, we maximize the usage of green energy contrary to energy storage which induces energy losses, while introduce Green Service Level Agreement based on green energy for service provider and end users. By •using realistic traces and extensive simulation and analysis, we show that, the proposal can provide an efficient, robust and cost-effective energy management scheme for data center. While an efficient energy management in the presence of intermittent green energy is necessary, how modern Cloud applications can take advantage of the presence/absence of green energy has not been studied with requisite effort. Unlike Batch applications, Interactive Cloud applications have to be always accessible and car not be scheduled in advance to match with green energy profile. Therefore, this thesis proposes an energy adaptive autoscaling solution to exploit applications internal to create green energy awareness in the application, while respecting traditional QoS properties. To elaborate, we design green energy aware application controller that takes advantage of green energy availability to perform opportunistic adaptation in an application along with performance aware application controller. Experiment is performed with real life application at Grid5000 and results show significant reduction of energy consumption while respecting traditional QoS attributes compared to performance aware approach
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Chidziva, Stanford. "Green hydrogen production for fuel cell applications and consumption in SAIAMC research facility." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7859.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDToday fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas are providing for our ever growing energy needs. As the world’s fossil fuel reserves fast become depleted, it is vital that alternative and cleaner fuels are found. Renewable energy sources are the way of the future energy needs. A solution to the looming energy crisis can be found in the energy carrier hydrogen. Hydrogen can be produced by a number of production technologies. One hydrogen production method explored in this study is electrolysis of water.
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Bergek, Anna, Ingrid Mignon, and Gunnel Sundberg. "Who invests in renewable electricity production? Empirical evidence and suggestions for further research." Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-89587.
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Transforming energy systems to fulfill the needs of a low-carbon economy requires large investments in renewable electricity production (RES-E). Recent literature underlines the need to take a closer look at the composition of the RES-E investor group in order to understand the motives and investment processes of different types of investors. However, existing energy policies generally consider RES-E investments made on a regional or national level, and target investors who evaluate their RES-E investments according to least-cost high-profit criteria. We present empirical evidence to show that RES-E investments are made by a heterogeneous group of investors, that a variety of investors exist and that their formation varies among the different types of renewable sources. This has direct implications for our understanding of the investment process in RES-E and for the study of motives and driving forces of RES-E investors. We introduce a multi-dimensional framework for analyzing differences between categories of investors, which not only considers to the standard economic dimension which is predominant in the contemporary energy literature, but also considers the entrepreneurship, innovation-adoption and institutional dimensions. The framework emphasizes the influence of four main investor-related factors on the investment process which should be studied in future research: motives, background, resources and personal characteristics.Highlights
► The RES-E investor group is heterogeneous. ► Investors with no traditional background within electricity production make the majority of RES-E investments in Sweden. ► Different types of RES-E investors invest in different renewables. ► A standard economic perspective is not sufficient to understand emerging RES-E investors. ► Motives, background, resources and personal characteristics of RES-E investors matter.
NYEL - Nya investerare i förnybar elproduktion
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Uttam, Kedar. "Linking environmental impact assessment and green procurement in the construction sector : opportunities and perspectives." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50064.
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The construction sector has been greatly responsible for environmental pollution and problems related to sustainability. Hence, there is a crucial need to improve the sector’s environmental performance. In terms of assessing the environmental impacts of the construction sector at project and strategic level, policy instruments such as project-based environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA) play an important role. Another policy instrument, namely, green procurement has started to gain attention in the construction sector. Green procurement is a process that involves the incorporation of environmental requirements during the procurement of services and products. However, discussions on green procurement are rarely seen during the impact assessment (EIA and SEA) phase. Moreover, the construction process is usually multi-tiered, involving several stakeholders with varied objectives, which often leads to challenges concerning the translation of information produced in the impact assessment phase into action (during the construction phase). Therefore, this thesis aimed at analysing the way through which EIA as well as green procurement can improve the coordination between planning and construction phases. The thesis is based on literature review and interviews. This study envisaged an inter-connected process for EIA and green procurement, and reviewed the state of the art to motivate the postulation of such an inter-connected process. In addition, this study also reviewed recent development within procurement contracts, and focused on partnering in the construction industry. The results indicated that it would be appropriate to introduce green procurement during the pre-decision phase of an EIA. Further, the thesis chose renewable energy as a parameter for green procurement, and explored the perspectives of various categories of stakeholders in the Swedish construction on the inter-link between impact assessment and green procurement. The perspectives of the interviewed stakeholders indicate that the inter-link is required. However, the interview results show that there is a tendency in the Swedish construction sector to adopt various commercially available environmental assessment and certification tools. Furthermore, the thesis has mapped directions for future research. Future study should focus on the establishment of mechanisms for inter-connecting impact assessment and green procurement. It should investigate how the inter-link could be facilitated by certification tools being adopted. The future research should also examine how the inter-link can be developed together with concerned stakeholders through partnering.QC 20111207
Improving the environmental performance of the construction sector through linking environmental impact assessment and green procurement
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Mester, Gretchen S. "An empirical assessment of entry into the green power market /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3153794.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ekström, Adrian, and Karl Johan Tegnér. "Green National Innovative Capacity : An empirical study of the determinants of patenting in technologies related to renewable energy sources." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264092.
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Climate change constitutes a major threat to our planet. Finding and developing new technologies that can utilize renewable sources of energy is an essential component in combating this threat. The concerns are global, and today there is large variation in innovation intensity across advanced countries. Motivated by these differences, this thesis provides an empirical investigation of the determinants of country-level production of patents related to renewable energy generation. The investigation examines the impact of public environmental policy by assessing the effect of policy stringency and environmental taxes on renewable patents. Green innovative capacity is not separated from general innovative capacity. Drawing from the concept of national innovation system we therefore identify country-specific factors of innovation and examine to what extent they can be translated to the domain of environmental technology. We construct a panel of 22 OECD countries over the years 1994-2015 and analyze how governmental R&D expenditures, how different macroeconomic and institutional factors, as well as how environmental policy stimulate innovative activities. We analyze these factors using regression analysis and we use two count data models, namely the Poisson model and the Negative Binomial model. Our findings suggest that public policy is important for inducing innovation, both by deciding the level of R&D resources available to the economy and the level of environmental taxes. Furthermore, our thesis provides evidence that certain determining factors of general innovative performance also affect countries’ innovative capacity in green technologies.Klimatförändringarna utgör idag ett allvarligt hot mot vår planet. Vår förmåga att ta fram ny teknologi, inte minst inom förnyelsebar energi, har pekats ut som en avgörande faktor för att vi ska kunna möta klimatkrisens utmaningar. Idag kan vi observera stora skillnader mellan länder när det kommer till deras förmåga att introducera och utveckla teknik kopplad till förnybara källor. För att förstå vilka faktorer som avgör ett lands benägenhet att generera ny teknologi inom detta område genomför vi i denna uppsats en empirisk undersökning med fokus på patentstatistik. Vi undersöker både effekten av stringens samt om miljöskatter kan användas för att stimulera mer förnybar innovation. Då länders innovativa förmåga inom grön teknologi är svår att separera och är starkt kopplad till dess generella innovativa förmåga utgår vår studie från teorin om nationella innovationssystem. Genom att använda det ramverket identifierar vi flera olika landspecifika faktorer som antas påverkar länders benägenhet att patentera teknik och vi utvärderar således teorins relevans inom området för förnyelsebar energi. Denna studie bygger på paneldata från OECD-länder mellan åren 1994 - 2015, data som sedermera används för att analysera hur statliga insatser kopplade till FoU, hur olika institutionella och makroekonomiska faktorer, samt hur miljöpolicy påverkar innovation inom grön teknologi. Våra resultat visar att policy, både i form av satsningar på FoU samt att miljöpolitiska åtgärder, spelar en betydande roll för att främja innovation inom förnyelsebar energi. Vidare finner vi i denna uppsats att de faktorer som påverkar ett lands generella innovativa förmåga också till en viss del påverkar dess förmåga att ta fram och patentera ny teknik kopplad till förnyelsebara energikällor.
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Gazey, Ross Neville. "Sizing hybrid green hydrogen energy generation and storage systems (HGHES) to enable an increase in renewable penetration for stabilising the grid." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/947.
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A problem that has become apparently growing in the deployment of renewable energy systems is the power grids inability to accept the forecasted growth in renewable energy generation integration. To support forecasted growth in renewable generation integration, it is now recognised that Energy Storage Technologies (EST) must be utilised. Recent advances in Hydrogen Energy Storage Technologies (HEST) have unlocked their potential for use with constrained renewable generation. HEST combines Hydrogen production, storage and end use technologies with renewable generation in either a directly connected configuration, or indirectly via existing power networks. A levelised cost (LC) model has been developed within this thesis to identify the financial competitiveness of the different HEST application scenarios when used with grid constrained renewable energy. Five HEST scenarios have been investigated to demonstrate the most financially competitive configuration and the benefit that the by-product oxygen from renewable electrolysis can have on financial competitiveness. Furthermore, to address the lack in commercial software tools available to size an energy system incorporating HEST with limited data, a deterministic modelling approach has been developed to enable the initial automatic sizing of a hybrid renewable hydrogen energy system (HRHES) for a specified consumer demand. Within this approach, a worst-case scenario from the financial competitiveness analysis has been used to demonstrate that initial sizing of a HRHES can be achieved with only two input data, namely – the available renewable resource and the load profile. The effect of the electrolyser thermal transients at start-up on the overall quantity of hydrogen produced (and accordingly the energy stored), when operated in conjunction with an intermittent renewable generation source, has also been modelled. Finally, a mass-transfer simulation model has been developed to investigate the suitability of constrained renewable generation in creating hydrogen for a hydrogen refuelling station.
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Li, Chen. "GreenMail: Reducing Email Service’s Carbon Emission with Minimum Cost." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365606957.
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Haddad, Maroua. "Sizing and management of hybrid renewable energy system for data center supply." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD036.
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Le secteur du numérique est récemment devenu un secteur majeur de la consommation d’électricité dans le monde, notamment avec l’avènement des data centers qui concentrent un très grand nombre de machines traitant des informations et fournissant des services. L’utilisation de sources d’énergie renouvelables sur site est un moyen prometteur de réduire l’impact écologique des data centers. Cependant, certaines énergies renouvelables comme les énergies solaire et éolienne sont intermittentes, étant liées aux conditions météorologiques. Étant donné qu’un centre de données doit maintenir une certaine qualité de service, l’utilisation efficace de ces sources nécessite l’utilisation de stockages. Cette thèse explore à la fois une méthode dimensionnement et une méthode de gestion optimale d’une infrastructure hybride d’énergie renouvelable, composée de panneaux photovoltaïques, d’éoliennes, de batteries et de système de stockage hydrogène.Une première contribution aborde le problème du dimensionnement de cette infrastructure électrique afin de répondre à la demande du data center. Un outil de dimensionnement est proposé, prenant en compte plusieurs métriques et fournissant trois configurations différentes. L’utilisateur choisit donc la configuration approprié, en fonction de son plan économique global de son écosystème H2. Une deuxième contribution étudie le problème de la gestion de l’énergie par programmation linéaire en nombres entiers. Un outil de gestion optimal est fourni pour trouver différents engagements optimaux des sources en fonction des objectifs de l’utilisateur. Les solutions obtenues sont ensuite discutées avec plusieurs métriques et avec différents horizons temporelles afin de trouver la meilleure solution pour répondre à la demande du data center. Enfin, une troisième contribution vise à prévoir évolution temporelle de l’ensoleillement et de la vitesse du vent à gros grain pour obtenir un dimensionnement plus précis à l’aide du modèle SARIMAInformation and communication technologies haverecently become a major sector in energy consumption,particularly with the advent of large platforms on the Internet. These platforms use data centers, which concentrate a very large number of machines processing information and providing services, causing a high energy consumption. The use of renewable energy sources (RES)on-site is then a promising way to reduce their ecological impact. However, some renewable energies such as solar and wind energy are intermittent and uncertain,being related to weather conditions. Since a data center must maintain a certain quality of service, using these sources effectively requires the usage of storage devices.This thesis explores an efficient sizing and management methods for a hybrid renewable energy infrastructure composed of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, batteries and a hydrogen system..A first contribution addresses the problem of sizing the electrical plateform in order to meet the data center demand. A sizing tool is proposed, taking several metrics into account and providing three different system configurations as solutions. The user therefore chooses an appropriate configuration, according to his global economic plan of his H2 ecosystem. A second contribution studies the problem of energy management using amixed integer linear programming approach. An optimal management tool is therefore provided to find various source schedules according to different user’s objectives.The obtained solutions are discussed with several metrics considering different time horizon in order to find the beststorage management to meet the data center requests.Finally, a third contribution aims to forecast the weather data to obtain a preciser sizing of the sources using SARIMA model in order to reduce forecasts errors
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VALLERO, GRETA. "Green Mobile Networks: from 4G to 5G and Beyond." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2960753.
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Dufreche, Stephen Thomas. "Effect of phosphorous poisoning on catalytic cracking of lipids for green diesel production." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022008-220330.
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Hoeppner, Jeffrey Wayne. "The effects of legume green manures, perennial forages, and cover crops on non-renewable energy use in western Canadian cropping systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62754.pdf.
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Rossi, Gianmarco. "modeling of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer for green hydrogen production from solar energy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Hydrogen is considered one of the means by which to store energy coming from renewable and intermittent power sources. With the growing capacity of renewable energy sources, a storage system is required to not waste energy. PEM electrolysis provides a sustainable solution for the production of hydrogen and is well suited to couple with energy sources such as solar and wind.
This work reports the development of simulation software to estimate the performance of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer working at atmospheric or low pressure conditions connected to a solar energy source. The electrolyzer is defined from a validated reference semi-empirical model, which allows for simulating the electrochemical, thermal and H2 output flow behaviours with enough precision for engineering applications. An algorithm for a fitting procedure to characterize commercial products, and functions for power modulation have been implemented. A series of simulations have been carried on, starting from real photovoltaic data of input power, and the output values have been discussed, with particular attention to output flow rate, thermal behaviour and the cooling demand in order to preserve the operation of the electrolyzer.
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Erceg, Ivan P. "Mathematical Analysis of a Geothermal System." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1225138202.
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Tsakiris, Iakovos Marios. "Energy Policy and development of Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity: A comparative analysis of the Swedish and Greek cases." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48544.
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Before electricity liberalization was implemented in the EU, national utilities controlled energy planningand technology choices and were basically the only ones with access to energy infrastructure finance.Liberalization came to change that. One of the goals of EU policies today is to create a level playing fieldfor power production based on new technologies and decentralized supply. However, institutional,structural and other barriers hinder further RES diffusion. Such barriers need to be alleviated to acceleratethe diffusion of RES technologies. This study analyses the Swedish and Greek experiences and actions inthe energy policy area between 2003 and 2008. I identify actions and evaluate their effects highlightingsimilarities and differences between the two cases, as well as remaining challenges. I find that EU policywas a decisive national policy driver in both cases. In Greece, feed-in-tariffs created a more secureinvestment environment and a more level playing field for producers and technologies. In Sweden, thegreen certificates served to promote RES but could not avoid market control by larger players. In bothcases, rent extraction mechanisms hindering competition were found along administrative and networkaccess barriers affecting mostly wind power. In Greece, adjustments are needed to further promote PVand better manage public funds and excess profits. Market liberalization is also necessary. In Sweden, thecertificates market expansion created a more competitive environment but some technologies still needmore support. At EU level, further harmonization of rules concerning unbundling and the setting ofbinding RES targets and infringement procedures should reduce national policy risks and contribute toreduce costs for new technologies. Plurality of markets and support schemes should be pursued in orderto create a large base of technologies while international markets for more mature technologies should beestablished. A more transparent process in achieving and revising targets at national levels should also beestablished while measures to avoid lock-ins should be pursued.
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Bergman, Jonas. "Sustainable environmental vs. sustainable social development : Tendencies of carbon colonialism and green authoritarianism when implementing renewable energy strategies on indigenous peoples’ territories." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Religionsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-33799.
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The intention with this essay is to illustrate the conflicts that might occur when states implement renewable energy strategies on lands that have traditionally belonged to indigenous peoples. To do so I have analysed case studies from Sweden as well as Latin America regarding renewable energy projects in areas that could be claimed to belong to indigenous groups and compared the conclusions from these studies to what the existing legal framework on the topic of the rights of indigenous peoples dictates. The results show that the main international legislation on the topic is very clear in expressing that states should grant indigenous peoples access to lands and territories that have traditionally been occupied by them, as well as granting them participation in the exploitation of natural resources. The analysis of the case studies shows that there exists a tendency among states to bypass what is stipulated in the international regulations when executing renewable energy projects, as well as using the term “sustainable development” as a cover-up when violating the rights of indigenous peoples. Although the international legislation on the topic is very precise, the majority of the world’s countries have not ratified the main legally binding convention. I conclude that one reason for this could be that states would find it hard to reach environmental objectives while at the same time complying with the legislation on the rights of indigenous peoples, i.e. states face difficulties in fulfilling sustainable environmental and economic objectives with sustainable social objectives.
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Курбатова, Тетяна Олександрівна, Татьяна Александровна Курбатова, and Tetiana Oleksandrivna Kurbatova. "Наукові засади організаційно-економічного механізму управління розвитком відновлювальної енергетики." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46022.
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Дисертація присвячена дослідженню теоретико-методичних засад формування організаційно-економічного механізму управління екологоорієнтованим розвитком відновлювальної енергетики. Розроблено науково-методичні підходи до формування організаційно-економічного механізму управління екологоорієнтованим розвитком відновлювальної енергетики на основі системи торгівлі «зеленими» сертифікатами, двостадійного ціноутворення на електроенергію у рамках системи торгівлі «зеленими» сертифікатами, визначення оптимального сценарію інвестування у розвиток відновлювальної енергетики. Для здійснення додаткового стимулюючого впливу на розвиток «зеленої» енергетики удосконалено науково-методичне забезпечення застосування «зелених» сертифікатів у низці економічних механізмів поза межами основної системи торгівлі ними. Удосконалено структурно-логічну схему інституційного механізму управління розвитком відновлювальної енергетики шляхом створення нових організаційних структур на базі Національної комісії, що здійснює регулювання у сферах енергетики та комунальних послуг, основними функціями яких є адміністрування системи торгівлі «зеленими» сертифікатами та фінансове забезпечення розвитку «зеленої» енергетики.Диссертация посвящена исследованию теоретико-методических основ формирования организационно-экономического механизма управления экологоориентированным развитием возобновляемой энергетики. В диссертационной работе обоснована необходимость освоения отечественного потенциала возобновляемых источников энергии, которая рассмотрена в свете ключевых проблем мировой энергетики и энергетической отрасли Украины в частности. В процессе анализа обосновано, что на современном этапе развития технологий возобновляемой энергетики реализация эффективной государственной политики в области «зеленой» энергетики является залогом успешного развития данной отрасли. Доказано, что действующая на сегодня концепция государственного управления развитием возобновляемой энергетики в Украине требует качественных изменений, поскольку не может обеспечить масштабное развёртывание генерирующих мощностей «зеленой» энергетики. Для ускорения вовлечения возобновляемых источников энергии в энергетический баланс Украины разработан научно-методический подход к формированию организационно-экономического механизма управления экологоориентированным развитием возобновляемой энергетики на основе системы торговли «зелёными» сертификатами, предусматривающий внедрение обязательных квот на потребление «зеленой» электроэнергии. Сформулирована основная цель механизма, перечень его конкретных задач, определены функции, принципы, методы и инструменты управления развитием «зелёной» энергетики, эффективная реализация которых позволит достичь поставленных целей предложенного организационно-экономического механизма. Разработан научно-методический подход к двустадийному ценообразованию на электроэнергию в рамках системы торговли «зелёными» сертификатами. На первом его этапе осуществляется оценка стоимости электроэнергии из возобновляемых источников энергии на основе методики LCOE и затратного метода ценообразования с учетом привлекательного для инвесторов срока окупаемости инвестиционных проектов, на втором – установление цены на электроэнергию для конечных потребителей с учетом обязательной ежегодной квоты на потребление «зеленой» электроэнергии. С целью осуществления дополнительного стимулирующего влияния на развитие возобновляемой энергетики усовершенствованы теоретико-концептуальные основы ряда экономических инструментов, которые могут использоваться за пределами основной системы торговли «зелёными» сертификатами: системы торговли кредитными «зелёными» сертификатами, добровольной и международной системы торговли «зелёными» сертификатами; использования «зелёных» сертификатов в рамках механизма Киотского протокола – международной торговли квотами на выбросы парниковых газов. Обоснована необходимость совершенствования структурно-логической схемы институционального механизма управления развитием возобновляемой энергетики путем создания новых организационных структур: департамента и фонда развития возобновляемой энергетики, основными функциями которых является администрирование системы торговли «зелёными» сертификатами и финансовое обеспечение развития возобновляемой энергетики. Разработан научно-методический подход к определению оптимального сценария инвестирования в развитие возобновляемой энергетики, основанный на оценке объемов выбросов загрязняющих веществ в атмосферу в регионах и стоимости электроэнергии, сгенерированной на основе различных технологий возобновляемой энергетики. Результаты исследования показывают, что формирование системы взаимосвязанных и взаимосогласованных рычагов организационно-экономического воздействия, направленных на экологоориентированное развитие возобновляемой энергетики и основанных на выпуске и обращении «зелёных» сертификатов, способно обеспечить достижение целей государственной энергетической политики в сфере возобновляемой энергетики. Практическое значение полученных результатов диссертационной работы определяется тем, что сформулированные и содержательно обоснованные авторские положения и рекомендации могут использоваться с целью совершенствования норм действующего законодательства в сфере возобновляемой энергетики.
The thesis is devoted to the development of theoretical and methodical principles of forming organizational and economic mechanism of management for renewable energy development. The scientific and methodological approaches to formation of organizational and economic mechanism for ecological-oriented development of renewable energy based on tradable green certificates system, two-stage pricing for electricity under tradable green certificates system and the optimal scenario for investments to renewable energy were developed. In order to implement additional motivation effect on the green energy development there were improved scientific and methodical bases of using green certificates in a number of economic mechanisms outside the main tradable green certificates system. There was improved the structural and logic scheme of the institutional mechanism of managing the renewable energy development by creating new organizational structures in National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities. The main functions of this body are administration of the tradable green certificates system and financial support for renewable energy development.
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Nel, Emma. "Design and analysis of small scale wind turbine support structures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71848.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A technology that has advanced immeasurably as a result of the necessity for green energy production is the harnessing of wind energy. One of the most important aspects of a wind turbine is its supporting structure. The tower of a wind turbine needs to be sufficiently reliable and structurally sound to ensure that the design life of the wind turbine machine is unaffected. The tower also needs to be of the correct height to ensure that the full potential of energy capture is realised. The supporting structure of a wind turbine constitutes up to as much as 30% of the total costs of a wind turbine. The most common wind turbine supporting structures seen worldwide today are Steel Monopole Towers. The large cost proportion of the tower compels the industry to investigate the most feasible alternative supporting tower structures and thus prompted the research developed in this thesis. In this thesis the focus is on small scale wind turbines (<50kW), more specifically, a 3kW Wind Turbine. The proposed alternative design the support structures of small scale wind turbines to the presently used Steel Monopole tower was a Steel Lattice tower. Both a Steel Lattice and Steel Monopole Tower was designed for a 3kW Wind Turbine using rational design methods determined from pertinent sections of the South African design codes. The Tower designs needed to incorporate the details of the element connections, so as to encompass all of the cost parameters accurately. The foundation design of each of the towers was also required from the point of view of cost analysis completeness, and ended up playing a critical role in the feasibility analysis. To validate the design methods, the two towers were modelled in the finite element package Strand7 and a number of different analyses were performed on the two towers. The analyses included linear static, nonlinear static, natural frequency and harmonic frequency analyses. The towers were assessed for a number of different load case combinations and were examined in terms of stress states, mass participation factors and deflections, to mention a few, for the worst loading combination cases that were encountered. Once a final design was reached for both the Steel Lattice and Steel Monopole Towers, each element from which they were made was assessed from a structural viewpoint to determine manufacturing and construction costs. The cost analysis was conducted by means of asking a number of leading construction companies for unit prices for each of the identified elements to be assessed. The fabrication and construction of each of the Towers was then compared to determine which one was more feasible, in terms of each design aspect considered as well as looking at the complete end product. It was found that the Steel Lattice Tower was more feasible from the points of view of fabrication, and construction, as well as having a far more cost effective foundation. This was a positive conclusion from the perspective of the proposal for a more feasible alternative to the presently used Steel Monopole Towers. The outcome of the research conducted here could certainly prove to be worth considering from a wind farm development perspective, with particular focus on the up and coming Wind Industry developments in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van die noodsaaklikheid vir die produksie van volhoubare energie is ʼn tegnologie wat met rasse skrede vooruitgegaan het die vir die benutting van windenergie. Een van die belangrikste aspekte van 'n windturbine is die ondersteunende struktuur. Die toring van 'n windturbine moet funksioneel en struktureel betroubaar wees om te verseker dat die ontwerpleeftyd van die windturbine masjien nie nadelig beïnvloed word nie. Die toring moet ook die regte hoogte wees om te verseker dat die volle potensiaal van die wind energie in meganiese energie omgesit word. Die koste van die ondersteunende struktuur van 'n windturbine verteenwoordig tot 30% van die totale koste van 'n windturbine. Die mees algemene vorm van ondersteunende strukture vir windturbines wat vandag wêreldwyd teëgekom word, is die van 'n enkel staal buisvormige toring. Die groot koste‐komponent van die toring dwing die industrie om ondersoek in te stel na die mees koste effektiewe prakties uitvoerbare alternatief vir die ondersteunende toring struktuur. Hierdie aspek van die struktuur konseptualisering het gelei tot die navorsing wat in hierdie tesis onderneem is. Die fokus van die navorsing is op klein skaal windturbines (<50kW), en meer spesifiek op 'n 3kW windturbine model. Die alternatiewe ontwerp wat ontwikkel is vir klein skaal wind turbines se ondersteunende structure, is 'n staal vakwerk toring as alternatief vir die staal buisvormige toring. Beide 'n staal vakwerk en staal buisvormige toring vir 'n 3kW wind turbine is ontwerp deur rasionele ontwerp metodes. Die toepaslike gedeeltes van die Suid‐Afrikaanse ontwerp kodes is hiervoor gebruik. Die ontwerp vir die toring moet die besonderhede van die element verbindings in ag neem en die nodige koste parameters moet akkuraat bepaal word. Die ontwerp van die fondament van elke toring is ook noodsaaklik vir die volledigheid van die koste‐ontleding en dit speel ook 'n kritieke rol in die gangbaarheid analise. Om die ontwerp metodes te bevestig, is die twee tipes torings in die eindige element pakket, Strand7, gemodelleer en 'n aantal verskillende ontledings vir die twee torings is uitgevoer. Die ontledings sluit lineêr en nie‐lineêr statiese ontledings asook natuurlike frekwensie en dinamiese ontledings onder harmoniese belastings in. Die torings is vir 'n aantal verskillende lasgevalkombinasies ondersoek en in die spannings toestande, massadeelname faktore en defleksies vir die ergste laskombinasie gevalle wat ondervind is, is geassesseer. Sodra 'n finale ontwerp vir beide die staal vakwerk en staal buisvormige toring voltooi is, is elke element beoordeel uit 'n strukturele en materiaal oogpunt om die kostes daarvan te bepaal. Die koste‐analise is baseer op data wat voorsien is deur 'n aantal vooraanstaande konstruksiemaatskappye op 'n prys per eenheid basis vir elk van die geïdentifiseerde elemente wat geassesseer moes word. Die vervaardiging en konstruksie van elke toring is dan vergelyk om te bepaal watter een die mees haalbaar is, in terme van elke toepaslike ontwerpsaspek en deur ook die volledige eindproduk te evalueer. Daar is bevind dat die staal vakwerk toring uit die oogpunt van vervaardiging en konstruksie, asook as gevolg van 'n meer koste‐effektiewe fondament, die voorkeur alternatief verteenwoordig het. Dit was 'n positiewe gevolgtrekking uit die oogpunt van die soeke na 'n ander alternatief as die buisvormige staal torings wat tans algemeen in gebruik is. Die uitkoms van hierdie navorsing verdien oorweging uit ʼn windplaas ontwikkelingsperspektief, met ʼn spesifieke fokus op die opkomende ontwikkelinge in die wind energie industrie in Suid‐Afrika.
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Пономаренко, Марина Сергіївна. "Analysis of Ukraine’s prospects for fossil fuels phase out." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/49654.
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Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат у 2019-2020 навчальному році". Керівник проекту: доцент кафедри екології, к.т.н., Радомська Маргарита МирославівнаObject of research – fossil fuels use for energy generation. Subject of research – transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources. Aim оf work – the aim of the work is the assessment of the structure of modern energy supply and future prospects & opportunities for Ukraine to become energy independent in the gradual abandonment of fossil fuels, and its replacement by more ecologically friendly and renewable sources. Methods of research: analysis, data comparison, statistical data processing.
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Пономаренко, Марина Сергіївна. "Analysis of Ukraine’s prospects for fossil fuels phase out." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43590.
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Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат у 2019-2020 навчальному році". Керівник проекту: доцент кафедри екології, к.т.н., Радомська Маргарита МирославівнаObject of research – fossil fuels use for energy generation. Subject of research – transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy sources. Aim оf work – the aim of the work is the assessment of the structure of modern energy supply and future prospects & opportunities for Ukraine to become energy independent in the gradual abandonment of fossil fuels, and its replacement by more ecologically friendly and renewable sources. Methods of research: analysis, data comparison, statistical data processing.
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Sendich, Elizabeth Diane. "Modeling and analysis of the biorefinery integrated with the agricultural landscape." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Ribbing, Per. "Climate Change Leadership - the case for Electrification." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-382580.
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This licentiate thesis presents a new way of understanding Electric Power. The new perspective on Electric Power highlights the similarities between our banking system and our power system. The two different systems share a common abstraction. In the case of the banking system this abstraction is fully accepted. In the case of the power system this abstraction is not yet fully accepted. This thesis aims to clarify this abstraction and show the parallelism between the two systems and the two abstractions. This thesis examines what the Product Electricity really is. What is it, in reality, we sign a power contract to buy and pay for, and how is this product transferred to us? This new understanding challenges the old, physical understanding of Electric Power. Understanding the similarity between our banking system and our power system becomes important when we examine our Power Markets, and it becomes absolutely vital to understand for those investing in new power generation. In no way does this new understanding of Electric Power question or challenge the physics behind power generation and power transfer. Maxwell’s equations holds true. The laws of Ohm and Kirchhoff are still the laws by which the electrical and power system engineers must abide. But when it comes to the Product Electricity, the product traded on our Power Markets, the product that we sign power contracts to buy and pay for, there is a major difference. The new understanding challenges the old quite dramatically. It does in fact show that the old, physical perspective on the Product Electricity is flawed and has been a misconception for over a century. My primary goal in this thesis is to thoroughly explain the new perspective and by so doing clarify and dissolve the old misconception of what the Product Electricity actually is. The scientific theory of the Greenhouse Effect now has over 195 years of published peer-reviewed science.[[i]] The threat of accelerating Climate Change is a scientifically solid fact. The Paris agreement must be met. My second goal with this thesis is to make credible that an electrification of our society is a possible and viable option. The possibility of a swift energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable electricity is made more likely, and more viable, thanks to the new understanding of what Electric Power really is, because now we have the de facto choice of not consuming any fossil power. © Per Ribbing, April 2019 [i] Joseph Fourier, Remarques générales sur les températures du globe terrestre et des espaces planétaires”, Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 27, 1824, p. 136-167
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El, Amine Ali. "Radio resource allocation in 5G cellular networks powered by the smart grid and renewable energies." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0167/document.
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Nous vivons une révolution numérique où l’Internet est devenu un élément essentiel de notre vie quotidienne. Avec plus de 750 millions de foyers connectés et plus de 6,8 milliards d'abonnés à la téléphonie mobile, les réseaux cellulaires dominent le secteur des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) avec plus de 75%. La tendance est à la hausse et ne semble pas avoir de signe de ralentissement dans un avenir proche en raison des nouveaux services et applications en cours. Cependant, cette augmentation radicale des appareils et services TIC a poussé la consommation d'énergie correspondante et son impact sur l'environnement à croître à un rythme effarant, consommant plus de 5% de l'énergie électrique mondiale et libérant dans l'atmosphère environ 2% des émissions de CO2. Étant donné que les stations de base, éléments essentiels de la fourniture d’accès à l’Internet, consomment la plus grande partie de l’énergie des réseaux cellulaires, il est essentiel d’étudier de nouvelles stratégies et architectures afin de prévenir cette pénurie d’énergie. Cette thèse porte sur le rôle essentiel de l'énergie dans la conception et l'exploitation de futurs réseaux cellulaires. Nous considérons des approches différentes et complémentaires, y compris des techniques d'efficacité énergétique (gestion des ressources radio et systèmes de sommeil), des sources d'énergie renouvelables, le Smart Grid et des outils d'apprentissage basés sur l’intelligence artificiel pour réduire la consommation d'énergie de ces réseaux complexes tout en garantissant une certaine qualité de service adapté aux cas d'utilisation 5GWe live in the digital era where the Internet has become an essential part of our daily lives. With more than 750 million connected households and over 6.8 billion mobile subscribers, mobile networks are dominating the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector with more than 75%. The trend is of further increase and appears to have no signs of slowing down in the near future due to the ongoing new services and applications. However, this radical surge of ICT devices and services has pushed corresponding energy consumption and its footprint on the environment to grow at a staggering rate consuming more than 5% of the world’s electrical energy and releasing into the atmosphere about 2% of the global CO2 emissions. Since base stations, the core elements to provide internet access, consume most of the energy in cellular networks, it is essential to study new strategies and architectures in order to deter this energy crunch. This thesis focuses on the crucial role of energy in the design and operation of future cellular networks. We consider different and complementary approaches and parameters, including energy efficiency techniques (i.e., radio resource management and sleep schemes), renewable energy sources, Smart Grid and tools from machine learning to bring down the energy consumption of these complex networks while guaranteeing a certain quality of service adapted to 5G use cases
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Bafana, Ramzi, and Zain Zulfiqar. "Solar Energy." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2079.
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This thesis is about Photovoltaic (PV) cells and its stresses in various directions by calculating the power generated using solar cells under different conditions to improve its efficiency. Our research studies found that using multi-junction cells with larger substrates can increase the efficiency to some extent which in practice is limited to 43 percent. The experiment was conducted using ten solar cells each with an area of 20.9〖cm〗 ^2, where each cell gives 0.5 V and 0.4 A and a 1.25 Ω resistor was used. The cells were connected in series. Once, the PV cells were fixed horizontally and the other time tested in tilted position under same outdoor condition. The purpose of testing PV cells was to investigate the efficiency under above mentioned conditions. The data collected from the readings was used in calculation, and we have obtained from the calculations that horizontally fixed cells gave 4.8 percent efficiency whereas tilted cells gave 6.6 percent efficiency. Hence, the ratio showed that fixed cells produced 37.5 percent more power compared to horizontally fixed cells. Our other experiment consisted of testing PV cells under different temperature conditions that was done using a freezer and an oven for temperature variation and a tungsten bulb was used as a light source. The purpose of performing this experiment was to investigate how the efficiency of PV cells is affected under extreme conditions. Part of our thesis was also including studies and analysis of produced energy by the solar panel installed on the roof of “BTH” building in Karlskrona, Sweden. The data consisted of energy produced from February up to August 2014. The investigation also included finding the highest produced energy during these months. We have found that the highest energy was generated on the 1st of July which was 12.86 kWh. Furthermore, we went deep into investigation of the 1st of July to know exactly which hour of that day the highest energy was produced. The data showed that the highest produced energy was at 12:19 and 13:19 which was 2.03 kWh.Ramzi: +46723231353, +966561993488 Zain:
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, Олена Ігорівна Маценко, Елена Игоревна Маценко, Olena Ihorivna Matsenko, and V. Piven. "Socio-Economic Aspects of Green Energy Development: The Experience of the EU and Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80920.
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Стаття показує важливість розвитку відновлюваних джерел енергії. Більшість досліджень пов’язує зменшення викидів парникових газів із заміною традиційних джерел енергії на альтернативні. ЄС досяг значного успіху, отримавши лише за рахунок сонця і вітру 21% в загальній кількості електроенергії в 2020 р. Інтеграція України до Європейського Союзу є стратегічним напрямом України в реалізації зарубіжної політики країни.The paper shows the importance of renewable energy sources development. Most studies have found that a reduction of greenhouse gases emissions can be achievable by replacing conventional sources of energy with alternative ones. The EU has achieved significant success, getting only wind and solar in total electricity generation 21% in 2020. The integration of Ukraine to the European Union is a strategic direction of the country foreign policy.
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Kojola, Erik. "Trade Unions and Green Jobs in the post-Fordist Economy: Just Rhetoric or a Fundamental Shift?" Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1241906474.
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Jebe, Thulisa. "Potential socio-economic implications of ethanol production as a green economic initiative in Cradock, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2776.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.South Africa is taking a continental lead towards the transition of the green economy, and the energy sector has been identified as one of the cornerstones integral in this transition. This transition pays attention to alternative energy sources to gradually replace fossil fuels. Recently, the production of ethanol is seen as an energy source that is an integral player in achieving a green economy. The ethanol production project is linked to the improvement of the economy, and social well-being concomitant with the enhancement of the environmental quality tenets embodied by the green economy. Scholars have noted that these projects tend to ignore socio-economic realities of under privileged people especially in rural areas and small towns. While the green energy is often presented by the state there is, however, no evidence of the positive as well as negative impacts of ethanol projects on improving the livelihoods of the local communities or contributing to the substance of the local economies while protecting the quality of the environment. This thesis explored the subject of ethanol projects as green economic models in the context of the ethanol project in Cradock. The thesis investigated the socio-economic implications of the ethanol project in Cradock as a green economic model. The research study argues that the inclusion of the local people in decision making for the ethanol project is crucial to securing their benefits from the project. This means that local people should be involved early in the decision making process. Failure to engage the local residents in the initial stages of decision making, may create a lack of sense of ownership resulting in a lack of socio-economic benefits for the residents. The research study adopted a qualitative research design and an inductive approach. The ethanol project in Cradock was used as a case study for the research, and two sampling techniques, purposive sampling and random sampling were used. Interviews, questionnaires and observations were used to collect data from the residents of Cradock, the business sector (hospitality, tourism and agricultural retail), the emerging farmers, the farm workers, the Agrarian Research Development Agency, and Government Departments (Local Economic Development, Department of Agriculture, Department of Rural Development and Land Reform). The findings illustrate that the ethanol project in Cradock is not consistent with the tenets of a green economic model. The results suggested that the project does not improve the livelihood of the community or contribute to the sustenance of the local economies while protecting the quality of the environment. From an environmental perspective, while the ethanol project regarding providing ethanol fuel contributes positively to the global green agenda, it deteriorates the quality of the local environment. The project pollutes the local environment which is a source of livelihood for the local people and the economy. Therefore, the adverse effect of the project on the local environment contributes to a negative effect on the local economy and livelihood of the residents. The results also revealed that the project stakeholders, particularly the residents of Cradock and the emerging farmers, were not involved in the early stages of the project where the benefits were determined. As a result, the stakeholders do not have a sense of ownership of the project, and there are uncertainties about the sustainability of their socio-economic benefits. The ethanol project introduces a shift from the traditional commercial agriculture to the production of biofuel feedstock. This causes an effect on the local economy and livelihood because traditional commercial agriculture has sustained the town for more than 200 years. The thesis raises questions about the notion that ethanol projects are green economic models.
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Christakopoulos, Argiris, and Georgios Makrygiannis. "Consumer Attitudes towards the Benefits provided by Smart Grid – a Case Study of Smart Grid in Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15351.
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Sondac, Mert. "ANOTHER INCONVENIENT TRUTH: AN INQUIRY ON SUSTAINABILITY, TRANSPORTATION AND DESIGN." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306418455.
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Галинська, Юлія Вікторівна, Юлия Викторовна Галинская, Yuliia Viktorivna Halynska, Тетяна Вікторівна Бондар, Татьяна Викторовна Бондарь, and Tetiana Viktorivna Bondar. "Combined electricity pricing model taking into account the “green tariff” and traditional factors." Thesis, EDP Sciences - Web of Conferences, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86319.
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https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/10/e3sconf_icies2020_00019.pdfУ статті запропоновано нову оптимізаційну модель системних взаємозв’язків та ефектів при формуванні цінової політики на електроенергію з комбінованих джерел електроенергії з урахуванням показників антропогенного впливу та невідновлюваних ресурсів, соціально-екологічних та економічних інтересів суспільства в умовах розподілу рентного доходу. Модель у кінцевому результаті передбачає формування комбінованої моделі тарифоутворення в енергетиці, згідно з якою тарифи на електроенергію для кінцевого споживача відповідного регіону будуть поєднувати як ринкові ціни на енергію, виробленої з альтернативних джерел, так і ціни на енергію, отриману з традиційних джерел. Автори удосконалили науково-методичний підхід до виявлення, формалізації та кількісної оцінки мультиплікаційних ефектів, що виникають у результаті поєднання невідновлюваних та відновлюваних джерел електроенергії. Також у статті вдосконалено науково-методичний підхід до оцінки переваг комбінування різних джерел електроенергії та їх переваг при формуванні цінової політики в рамках єдиної енергетичної стратегії.
В статье предлагается новая оптимизационная модель системных взаимосвязей и эффектов при формировании ценовой политики на электроэнергию из комбинированных источников электроэнергии с учетом показателей антропогенного воздействия и невозобновляемых ресурсов, социально-экологических и экономических интересов общества в распределении рентного дохода. Модель в конечном результате предусматривает формирование комбинированной модели тарифообразования в энергетическом секторе, согласно которой тарифы на электроэнергию для конечного потребителя соответствующего региона будут объединять как рыночные цены на энергию, произведенной из альтернативных источников, так и цены на энергию, которая генерируется из традиционных источников. Авторы усовершенствовали научный и методологический подход к выявлению, формализации и количественной оценке мультипликативных эффектов, возникающих в результате сочетания невозобновляемых и возобновляемых источников электроэнергии. Также в статье совершенствуется научно-методический подход к оценке преимуществ объединения разных источников электроэнергии и их преимуществ при формировании ценовой политики в рамках единой энергетической стратегии.
The article proposes a new optimization model of systemic relationships and effects in the formation of a pricing policy for electricity from combined sources of electricity, taking into account indicators of anthropogenic impact and non-renewable resources, socio-environmental and economic interests of society in the distribution of rental income. The model in the end result provides for the formation of a combined model of tariff setting in the energy sector, according to which electricity tariffs for the end user of the corresponding region will combine both market prices for energy generated from alternative sources and prices for energy generated from traditional sources. The authors improved the scientific and methodological approach to identify, formalize and quantify the multiplier effects that arise as a result of a combination of non-renewable and renewable sources of electricity. Also, the article improves the scientific and methodological approach to assessing the benefits of combining different sources of electricity and their advantages when forming a pricing policy within a single energy strategy.
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Knutsson, Niklas. "Dynamiken hos ett EU-system för handel med gröna elcertifikat." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1445.
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In electricity markets evolving towards liberalisation and internationalisation, green certificates are seen as an important tool to promote production of renewable energy. In a green certificate market producers sell certificates received per unit of electricity generated from renewable energy. Trade in renewability is thereby decoupled from the the physical electricity trade. Tradable green certificates in combination with renewables obligation are implemented or planned in several EU member states. Integration at EU leveland the creation of a common certificate market seem like a possible next step. Using a simple model, the effects of an EU system for tradable green certificates, compared to national implementation, are tested for the period 2000–2010. The simulations show a clear increase of cost effectiveness and large changes in the geographical balance of renewable energy when reaching the EU 22 per cent target. Less competitive technologies, such as solar power, are not deployed at all. The situation is however similar without international trade. Rather than implementing a certificate market with all EU member states, but with different support schemes, a smaller market, only with countries that combine the certificate market with renewables obligation, is recommended.
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Oliver, Henry. "The demand for green electricity amongst residential consumers in the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/921.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to determine whether residential electricity consumers within the Cape Peninsula would be willing to voluntarily purchase green electricity if it is sold at a premium price. International experience in the field of green marketing shows that while niche markets for green electricity clearly existed, few programmes however exceeded a 5% penetration in the residential market. This study therefore methodologically drew on recent development in the literature of norm-motivated behaviour to identify testable factors that could influence residential consumers’ willingness to purchase premium-priced green electricity. After identifying these core testable factors, they were used to test various hypotheses. This was done through the testing of primary data that was collected through a telephone market survey of 405 respondents within the Cape Peninsula. These respondents were all identified as financial decision makers within their electricity consuming households. This study subsequently found that residential electricity consumers in the Cape Peninsula are very concerned about the future of the environment and that a large percentage of them (more than 40%) from almost all income levels might voluntary buy premium-priced green electricity. However, as it did identify that consumers must truly be convinced of the positive effects that green electricity would have on the environment before voluntarily supporting such a campaign, it found that consumers might not be well enough informed on environmental and climate change issues to ensure their actual support. To be at all successful, such a green electricity marketing campaign should be very informative and specifically focused on the positive effects that such a purchase would have on the environment. This study also found that supportive residential consumers would on average be willing to pay a maximum premium of 26% or approximately 15c/kWh. The combined maximum potential value of these premiums amount to R39 million per month. This serves as indication that there is much room for future development of the green electricity market. This study also identified that the majority of residential consumers believe that excessive users of electricity should be forced to make a larger financial contribution towards the generation of green electricity than low usage consumers. Based on its findings, the study closes with recommendations to role players in the green electricity market, i.e. the City of Cape Town Municipality, Darling Wind Farm and Eskom.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bepaal of residensiële elektrisiteitsverbruikers in die Kaapse Skiereiland gewillig sou wees om vrywilliglik groen elektrisiteit teen ’n premie aan te koop. Internasionale ervaring op die gebied van groen elektrisiteit het getoon dat, alhoewel daar verseker nismarkte vir groen elektrisiteit bestaan, baie min programme meer as 5% van die residensiële mark kon wen. Hierdie studie steun dus metodologies op onlangse verwikkelinge in die literatuur rakende normgemotiveerde gedrag om sodoende toetsbare faktore te identifiseer wat moontlik verbruikers se bereidwilligheid om groen elektrisiteit teen ’n premie te koop, kan verbeter. Na die identifisering van hierdie toetsbare faktore is hulle gebruik om verskeie hipoteses te toets. Dit is gedoen deur die toets van primêre data wat deur middel van telefoon-marknavorsing by 405 respondente binne die Kaapse Skiereiland ingesamel is. Hierdie respondente was almal geïdentifiseer as finansiële besluitnemers van huishoudings wat elektrisiteit gebruik. Hierdie studie het bevind dat residensiële elektrisiteitsverbruikers in die Kaapse Skiereiland baie besorg is oor die toekoms van die omgewing en dat ’n groot hoeveelheid van hierdie huishoudings (meer as 40%) van amper alle inkomstegroepe moontlik gewillig sou wees om groen elektrisiteit teen ’n premie aan te koop. Die studie het ook bevind dat omdat hierdie bereidwilligheid van die residensiële verbruikers onderhewig is aan hul oortuiging dat groen elektrisiteit ’n werklike positiewe effek op die omgewing uitoefen, residensiële verbruikers dalk huidiglik nie werklik goed genoeg ingelig is rakende omgewingsbewaring- en klimaatsveranderingskwessies nie. Hierdie gebrek aan kennis kan dus moontlik hul bereidwilligheid om groen elektrisiteit teen ’n premie aan te koop, negatief beïnvloed. Om suksesvol te wees sal groen elektrisiteit-bemarkingsveldtogte baie volledige inligting moet verskaf en sterk gefokus moet wees op die omgewingsvoordele wat die aankoop van groen elektrisiteit inhou. Die studie het ook bevind dat residensiële ondersteuners bereid sou wees om gemiddeld ’n maksimum premie van 26% of 15c/kWh te betaal. Die gesamentlike maksimum potensiële waarde van hierdie premies is R39 miljoen per maand wat daarop dui dat daar heelwat ruimte mag wees vir toekomstige uitbreiding van die mark vir groen elektrisiteit. Hierdie studie het ook geïdentifiseer dat die meerderheid residensiële elektrisiteitsverbruikers glo dat oormatige elektrisiteitsverbruikers gedwing moet word om ‘n groter finansiële bydrae tot die opwekking van groen elektrisiteit te maak as lae elektrisiteitsverbruikers. Gebaseer op die bevindinge van hierdie studie, sluit dit af met aanbevelings tot verskeie rolspelers in die mark vir groen elektrisiteit, soos die Kaapstadse Munisipaliteit, Darling Windplaas en Eskom.