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1
Drosos, Dimitrios, Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, Stamatios Ntanos, and Androniki Parissi. "School Managers Perceptions towards Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.36704.
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Global economic growth is accompanied by increased energy demand, thus conventional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, which are the primary energy sources, are gradually being depleted. At the same time, the combustion of conventional fuel for energy production causes serious adverse effects on the environment and contributes to climate change due to the emitted greenhouse gases. For the above reasons, most of the developed and developing countries especially during the last decades, have introduced various incentives for the greater penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in all sectors of the economy. Concerning the building sector, several measures have been adopted, including the promotion of energy efficiency and energy saving. A significant proportion of the building stock are the school buildings where students and teachers spend a significant proportion of their daily time. Teachers' attitudes and views, especially the school unit managers concerning the use of RES in schools, are important in the effort to rationalize and control energy use. This study was conducted through a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 510 school managers in Greece's primary and secondary education. The school unit managerial role for the case of Greek schools is performed by the school principal who has both administrative and educational duties. Statistical analysis included the application of Friedman's test and hypothesis test on questions concerning school manager environmental perceptions and energy-saving habits. According to the results, Greek school managers have a high degree of environmental sensitivity, since 97.6 % agreed or strongly agreed that the main concern should focus on energy saving. Furthermore, 71% of the respondent reported to have good knowledge on solar energy, followed by 64% on wind energy while only 34% are knowledgeable on biomass. Almost all the respondents (99%) agreed that it is important to provide more RES-orientated education through the taught curricula. Concerning energy saving behaviour, around 90% reported that they switch off the lights when leaving the classroom and they close the windows when the air-condition is operating. Hypothesis tests revealed a relationship between the school managers' ecological beliefs, the energy saving habits in the school environment, and the recognition of the importance of environmental education. Conclusions highlighted the need to intensify environmental education programs in the school environment concerning RES in schools. This will lead to a higher level of environmental awareness of both teachers and students and therefore to a more dynamic behaviour towards the effort to “greenify” the school environment.
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Agamalov, O. "GRID-FORMING/FOLLOWING CONTROL FOR CONVERTERS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.01.050.
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Have been proposed the new control framework for converters of renewable energy sources (RES-C), based on choosing their operation mode – grid-forming or grid-following in depends on the dynamic stiffness (DS) of the power system for some bus i (control point), where we can observe arbitrary disturbance. In the proposed RES-C control framework, in cases of small values of DS around bus i, used the grid-forming control mode of RES-C, and in cases of large values of DS around bus i, used the grid-following control mode of RES-C. Operation mode of RES-C can be changing in depends on measured DS values for bus i of a power system. References 4, figures 2.
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Jatautas, Jaunius, and Andrius Stasiukynas. "Analysis of the Lithuanian renewable energy resources legal framework." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (July 29, 2016): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3).2016.03.
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Effective development of the legal framework promotes the production of energy from renewable energy sources (RES) that provide an alternative to fossil fuel energy and environmental protection. According to these provisions, the article performs content analysis of the Lithuanian RES legal framework and discloses regulatory grounds and barriers to RES development
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Subagyo, Subagyo, J. P. Moh. Yanuar, P. N. Bambang, and A. Saleh. "Substitution of energy needs with renewable energy sources." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 927, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012032.
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Abstract The problem of global warming is a problem facing the world community. Since the Industrial Revolution’s birth, the use of energy from fuel oil (FF) has surged, and this causes an increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) resulting from burning fuel. This GHG is the cause of the rise in the earth’s temperature, which is estimated to one day, the earth is not comfortable and even no longer habitable. The solution to the problem is reducing GHGs that can be done by saving fuel use, which is replaced with renewable energy sources (REs). RE sources are obtained from the Solar Power Plant (SPP), Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP), Ocean Wave and Current Power Plant (OWPP and OCPP), Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Biodiversification Power Plant (BPP), Hybrid Power Plant. Besides, REs can also increase the overall electrification in Indonesia, such as in East Nusa Tenggara. However, the electrification rate is still low in quality. According to the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation 2014, the National Energy Policy mandates that energy mix from REs in 2025 is expected to reach 23%. This paper presents a literature review on new and renewable energy that can be considered early in their use.
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Marchenko, Oleg V., and Sergei V. Solomin. "Efficiency Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911405001.
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A review of the methods and models used at the ESI SB RAS to assess the effectiveness of renewable energy sources (RES) was carried out. Criteria were formulated and calculation formulas were given for a preliminary assessment of the competitiveness of renewable energy sources as compared to alternative energy supply options. A mathematical model of the world energy system was considered, where renewable energy sources were described by averaged indicators. The model allows for different scenarios of external conditions to explore the prospects for the development of energy technologies, including renewable energy sources. For the analysis of autonomous energy systems with RES, a simulation model was developed so as to treat the processes of production, consumption, and energy storage in their dynamics. The optimization version of the mathematical model eliminates the need for a pre-assignment of the energy flow control algorithm. In this case, it is possible to study systems with the simultaneous presence of several units of energy storage of various types. For the study of renewable energy sources under market conditions, a model was developed so as to take into account the presence of various decision-making hubs, as well as the impact of governmental regulatory bodies in the market. It was shown that the most efficient mechanism for encouraging the development of renewable energy sources is the creation of a market for "green certificates", with the least efficient renewable energy sources to be subsidized.
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Raguzin, Igor, and Zeljko Tomsic. "Legislation framework for Croatian renewable energy sources development." Thermal Science 11, no. 3 (2007): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0703027r.
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The energy sector reform in the Republic of Croatia (started 2001), which comprises restructuring, liberalization, privatization, and changes in the overall energy sector, has a significant effect on the possibilities of introducing and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES). The adoption of a new legislative framework within the context of reforming Croatia?s energy sector is of key importance for further development and for the future or RES utilization. The Electricity Market Act sets out the le- gal obligation to purchase electricity produced from RES in the manner that a quota or a minimum obligatory share of RES in electricity production is determined by a Government ordinance combined with Tariff system for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources and co-generation. Consequently, on the one hand, incentive funds needed to cover increased costs of production from RES will be collected from customers through the supplier and distributed to privileged producers (feed-in-tariffs, purchase is guaranteed to RES producers on known terms) through the Market Opera- tor. On the other hand, RES investment projects will be encouraged by pur- pose-specific government subsidy and by the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (out of public budget). By applying new energy legislation and associated by-laws (coming into force in 2007), RES projects in Croatia will be provided with a complete and stable legal framework as well as support through incentive measures which will equitably value environmental, social and other benefits of RES use.
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Marks-Bielska, Renata, Stanisław Bielski, Katarzyna Pik, and Krystyna Kurowska. "The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland’s Energy Mix." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 4624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184624.
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Exploitation of renewable energy sources for power generation has been more and more important in recent years. This results from the economic issues and the measures taken to ensure the energy security. The aim of this research was to determine the significance of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy mix of Poland, and to elicit the opinions and the level of knowledge of the society on the use and development of non-conventional energy. The article also presents advantages and disadvantages of types of RES, the obstacles which hinder the progress of green energy in Poland, and the proposed measures to expand the share of the RES in the overall energy mix. The research relied on the statistical data gathered by Statistics Poland. The opinions of respondents were elicited through a diagnostic survey based on a questionnaire. The research has demonstrated that the respondents support the development of RES in Poland. However, they also maintain that the purchase and installation of devices for the production of non-conventional energy are too expensive. The respondents believe that in order to increase the number of green power plants, subsidies to encourage RES investment and tax reliefs related to this investment should be bigger.
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Havlíček, J., M. Pelikán, and T. Šubrt. " New businesses for small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) in the Renewable Energy Sources (RES)." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 9 (September 26, 2012): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/116/2011-agricecon.
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The development of renewable energy producers in rural areas creates new job opportunities for the countryside population. The decentralized manner of renewable energy in small cities is one of the ways how to meet the rural and small scale energy needs in a reliable, affordable and environmentally sustainable way. In 2010, the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague has finished the participation in the European IEE project RES COMPASS. In mutual cooperation, with seven partners from the Great Britain, France, Spain, Greek and Finland, the University has been involved in the extensive research concerning the impact of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) on the future European labour market. The RES COMPASS project meets the objectives expressed by the New Skills for New Jobs Initiative of the EU and stressed also other initiatives, namely the Green Jobs Initiative, the UNEP initiative as well as the requirements of the International Trade Union Confederation and the International Organization of Employers in 2008. The RES COMPASS programme strategy was based on the implementation steps in three mutually supportive components: The first component Comparative analysis of the methods of identification of skill needs on the future labour market based on the renewable energy sources was concerned in the young generation of the today’s students. The second component Career Orientation test was developed as a tool for the potential young people thinking about a future career in the emerging area of renewable energy. The third component focused on the future business opportunities for small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) in the RES sector. The paper informs about findings of the third component New businesses for SMEs in the RES. Realistic possibilities of the development of SMEs appear to exist in the provision of more complex services reacting to (1) needs of more rapid renovation of the morally depreciated devices, (2) interest of inhabitants and producers in the installations of at least two different autonomous alternative energy sources, (3) creation of informal groups of users who will share various energy sources, (4) need to support the installation of energy devices with other measures – energy audits and projects.
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Sokolov, Yu I. "Problems and Risks of Renewable Energy Sources." Issues of Risk Analysis 18, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2021-18-4-28-47.
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The article analyzes the problems and risks of new-fangled renewable energy sources in the 21st century, which can radically change the energy picture of the world and to a certain extent reduce the risk of climate change. However, energy generation from wind is usually available 25—35% of the time, from the sun — 10—25%.Renewable energy sources (RES) face the problem of accumulating or supporting capacities that should replace the unstable generation of RES at the time of inevitable failures. RES cannot exist without excess reserve capacities on traditional energy carriers that can quickly increase and reduce electricity production. Abandoning hydrocarbons in the next 30—50 years looks unrealistic if countries want to maintain their competitiveness. The growth of the share of RES in the global energy balance is an extremely politicized phenomenon.The development of renewable generation creates risks for consumers. Especially for large ones. One of these risks is associated with the intermittent, unstable nature of renewable generation, which in recent years has been understood mainly as solar and wind power plants. In addition, to produce more solar panels, wind turbines and batteries for electric vehicles, humanity will need more specific resources — rare earth metals. The production of these metals is unsafe for the environment. It involves the consumption of a huge amount of water and electrical energy.Renewable energy sources may dominate, but it will take centuries. Demand is already growing, but fossil fuels will live long enough.
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Alekseevich, M. Y., V. S. Dubinin, and S. O. Shkarupa. "Pneumatic rechargeable battery system for renewable energy sources." Informacionno-technologicheskij vestnik 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2409-1650-2018-1-3-11.
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To provide power supply of remote objects, a common solution is decentralized energy supply. One way to implement this method of energy supply is to generate energy using renewable energy sources (RES). Despite the significant expansion of energy sources (solar modules, wind generation), the question of energy storage remains largely open. At present, the process of development and permanent modernization of various types of batteries for RES is of scientific and practical interest.
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Strunz, Sebastian, and Erik Gawel. "On the Effectiveness of Germany's Renewable Energy Sources Act." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 27, Issue 5 (October 1, 2018): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2018024.
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To what extent does environmental legislation achieve the objectives it pursues? The paper contributes to this discussion on effectiveness in two ways. First, it provides a conceptual framework from an economic and legal perspective. In particular, it clarifies that effectiveness in the narrow sense relates to achieving legally set goals ± which, in turn, depends on suitability and enforcement of rules. However, a comprehensive framework needs to go beyond effec- tiveness in the narrow sense: that is, the more demanding concept of cost-effectiveness, which requires goal achievement at a minimum of societal costs, as well as un-anticipated secondary impacts, may impact the overall assessment. Second, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of the main policy instru- ment to support renewable energy sources (RES) in the German electricity sector, i.e., the German RES Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz). To this end, the paper investigates in what respect the RES Act effectively contributes to achieving the objectives of the RES Act; subsequently, the analysis is extended to a more comprehensive approach, assessing both cost- effectiveness and secondary effects of RES support in Germany.
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Пальченко, О. Л. "СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ. ГАЕС – ЯК НАКОПИЧУВАЧІ СОНЯЧНО-ВІТРОВОЇ ЕНЕРГІЇ." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 107, no. 1 (2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29295/2311-7257-2022-107-1-10-17.
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Solar and wind energy are already among the cheapest sources of energy in the world and have significant potential for further development. The demand for renewable energy sources is steadily growing. The article deals in detail with international trends in the field of renewable energy sources (RES), examines the driving factors for the development of RES, the evolution of technological solutions in the field of RES, some aspects of renewable public energy service, and studies the features of RES operation in Ukraine
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Slijepčević, Sunčana, and Željka Kordej-De Villa. "Public Attitudes toward Renewable Energy in Croatia." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 8111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238111.
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Renewable energy sources (RES) play a key role in achieving the European Union’s energy and climate objectives. As a member of the European Union, Croatia has committed to adopting European Directive 2009/28/EC, a directive on promoting the use of RES. Croatia shows good potential for the use of different types of RES. In the period 2009–2019, the share of renewable energy in energy consumption increased from 23.6 to 28.5 percent. The Croatian energy strategy aims to increase the national share of renewable energy to at least 32 percent by 2030. Acceptance and public support are essential for renewable energy to be introduced into energy policy and particularly to encourage renewable energy implementation in the residential sector. The purpose of the paper is to explore the public perception of renewable energy and citizens’ willingness to pay for the use of RES. Data were collected through a 2021 survey of citizens 18 years and older. The survey results show a low level of implementation of RES technology in the residential sector; more than 80 percent of respondents did not use any sources of renewable energy in their households. Results related to respondents’ knowledge of different sources of renewable energy suggest they have the most knowledge of solar, wind, and hydropower energy. Respondents believe that combating climate change, reducing dependency on energy imports, reducing environmental impacts, and improving health are the most important benefits of RES implementation. The survey reveals general support for RES among respondents; almost 89 percent of them would purchase renewable energy from local suppliers. In addition, 79 percent of survey participants were willing to pay for the introduction of RES technology into their households. The research shows that environmental concerns are the primary reason for citizens’ higher willingness to pay for RES.
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Kirillova, Nadezda, Ryszard Pukala, and Marietta Janowicz-Lomott. "Insurance Programs in the Renewable Energy Sources Projects." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206802.
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The development of projects using renewable energy sources (RES) necessitates the development of insurance programs and systems. This involves identifying and assessing the risks of renewable energy projects in the transition to new types of energy, determining typical corporate and specific risks, the need and content of the main types, forms of insurance contracts, assessing the financial condition, and choosing insurance organizations and reinsurance programs. This article focuses on the formation of such insurance programs, their interaction with industrial safety systems and ensuring corporate participation in achieving sustainable development goals; as well as selection and assessment of the insurer financial stability and the insurance RES programs economic efficiency.
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Kaveshnikov, N. "Renewable Energy in the EU: Revision of Priorities." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (2014): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-12-70-81.
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The article analyses the EU policies of promoting renewable energy sources (RES), including the role of state subsidizing and the change of EU policy in 2013. First EU actions in this area were implemented in late 1990s. In mid 2000s the European Commission developed integrated approach of the encouragement of renewables. Promotion of RES was integrated with other areas of the EU energy policies in the framework of the Climate and Energy Package in 2007. The paper evaluates EU achievements and development of particular types of RES in the EU in 2000s. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the cost of different types of RES and the use of incentive measures in the European Union and EU member states is carried out. The conclusion is made that despite the impressive technological progress the renewable energy, with rare exception, is still uncompetitive with the traditional sources of energy in terms of costs. A large-scale state support was the reason for the rapid development of renewables in the EU. Article investigates distorting effects of RES subsidies on the market price of electricity. Feed-in tariffs, investment grants, quotas and tax benefits were the most widespread forms of direct and indirect RES subsidies in the EU. During the economic crisis, these subsidies have become a heavy burden for the budgets of the EU countries and population. Now the EU is modifying its strategy on RES in order to reduce the volume of subsidies. In 2013 European Council substantially changed the priorities of the EU energy policies: instead of «sustainable energy» it accentuated the need to provide a “competitive energy”. Strategic decision to reform the existing methods of RES subsidizing and to develop an «economically reasonable» support scheme was made. The reduction of subsidies will inevitably lead to a sharp reduction in the rate of growth of renewables and the failure to achieve previously agreed EU targets.
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Wang, Haichao, Giulia Di Pietro, Xiaozhou Wu, Risto Lahdelma, Vittorio Verda, and Ilkka Haavisto. "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transitions for Countries with Different Climates and Renewable Energy Sources Potentials." Energies 11, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 3523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123523.
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Renewable energy sources (RES) are playing an increasingly important role in energy markets around the world. It is necessary to evaluate the benefits from a higher level of RES integration with respect to a more active cross-border transmission system. In particular, this paper focuses on the sustainable energy transitions for Finland and Italy, since they have two extreme climate conditions in Europe and quite different profiles in terms of energy production and demand. We developed a comprehensive energy system model using EnergyPLAN with hourly resolution for a reference year for both countries. The models include electricity, heat and transportation sectors. According to the current base models, new scenarios reflecting an RES increase in total fuel consumption have been proposed. The future shares of renewables are based on each nation’s potential. The outcomes of the new scenarios support the future national plans, showing how decarburization in an energy system can occur in relation to the European Roadmap 2030 and 2050. In addition, possible power transmission between Italy and Finland were investigated according to the vision of an integrated European energy system with more efficient cross-border activities.
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Minuto, Francesco Demetrio, Andrea Lanzini, Lorenzo Giannuzzo, and Romano Borchiellini. "Digital platforms for Renewable Energy Communities projects: an overview." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1106, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1106/1/012007.
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Abstract The European Union energy policy agenda of achieving the transition to carbon neutrality has been established by an important legislative package called “Clean Energy for all Europeans”. A novel approach introduced was to put the citizen at the center of the energy transition. On one side, by powering his freedom of action and, on the other side, by asking him an exceptional engagement in energy consumption reduction activities and in participating in the investments for new distributed Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants. The Renewable Energy Communities (REC) is the policy framework used to implement this strategy introduced by the Renewable Energy Directive Recast (RED II). In particular, RECs promote citizen’s active role by encouraging energy consumption reduction and energy demand flexibility while reducing the Not In My Bachyard (NIMBY) effect towards RES. Each member state is transposing the RED II directive, adapting it to national legislation and energy transition strategy. Pioneers countries like Italy have already started the experimentation of this framework and developing the first pilot projects. The citizens’ interest and their will to participate in REC projects indicate the need for supporting tools guiding them along all the project development stages: “design”, “creation”, and “operation”. This work presents three categories of supporting digital tools and platforms required to develop REC projects: Commercial, EU Founded and Freeware. We analyzed 30 tools, evaluating the services provided in each of the different stages of REC project implementation.
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Minuto, Francesco Demetrio, Andrea Lanzini, Lorenzo Giannuzzo, and Romano Borchiellini. "Digital Platforms for Renewable Energy Communities Projects: An Overview." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 7 (November 30, 2022): 2007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170701.
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The European Union energy policy agenda of achieving the transition to carbon neutrality has been established by an important legislative package called "Clean Energy for all Europeans". A novel approach introduced was to put the citizen at the center of the energy transition. On one side, by powering his freedom of action and, on the other side, by asking him an exceptional engagement in energy consumption reduction activities and in participating in the investments for new distributed Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants. The Renewable Energy Communities (REC) is the policy framework used to implement this strategy introduced by the Renewable Energy Directive Recast (RED II). In particular, RECs promote citizen’s active role by encouraging energy consumption reduction and energy demand flexibility while reducing the Not In My Bachyard (NIMBY) effect towards RES. Each member state is transposing the RED II directive, adapting it to national legislation and energy transition strategy. Pioneers countries like Italy have already started the experimentation of this framework and developing the first pilot projects. The citizens’ interest and their will to participate in REC projects indicate the need for supporting tools guiding them along all the project development stages: “design”, “creation”, and “operation”. This work presents three categories of supporting digital tools and platforms required to develop REC projects: Commercial, EU Founded and Freeware. We analyzed 30 tools, evaluating the services provided in each of the different stages of REC project implementation.
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Kulišić, Biljana, Margareta Zidar, Branka Jelavić, Julije Domac, and Velimir Segon. "TOURISM AS A PATHWAY FOR RES UTILISATION." Tourism and hospitality management 14, no. 2 (2007): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.14.2.7.
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Tourism, due its property of being an “invisible export” sector, has a strong multiplier effect over the economy. Tourists boost demand for numerous goods and services, one of them being energy. Unfortunately, energy sources are scarce for most of the countries in the region. Thus, one could think of another solution to the excess demand for energy than import. Namely, for more than a decade, renewable energy sources are in the central focus of the EU energy policy with an aim to ensure security, price stability, availably and affordability of energy to its citizens together with reduction of GHG emissions and making the EU economy more competitive. Combining tourism with renewable energy sources utilisation helps reducing the spill over effect from energy import. In this paper, the cross-section analysis based on environmental determination of tourism and renewable energy sources potentials is performed in order to indicate a pathway for implementation of renewable energy sources utilisation in the tourism and hotel industry.
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Paska, Józef, Tomasz Surma, Paweł Terlikowski, and Krzysztof Zagrajek. "Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy Sources in Poland as a Part of Commitment to the Polish and EU Energy Policy." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 4261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164261.
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The aim of this paper is to present the state of development of renewable energy sources (RES) in Poland in accordance with the obligations of European Union energy policy. The EU Member States are obliged to adopt different support mechanisms for the development of renewable energy sources, and in consequence to achieve their Directive’s targets. Poland, being a Member State of the EU since 2004, has accepted a target of a 15% share of energy generated from renewable energy sources in final energy consumption, including 19.3% from renewable electricity until 2020. Due to the difficulties with target achievement, the authors found it reasonable to analyze the challenge of RES development in Poland. The article presents energy policy in the EU, as well as the review of measures implemented for renewable energy development. The current state of and perspectives on using renewable energy sources in Poland and in the EU are also depicted. In the article, the authors analyze the relation between reference prices at dedicated RES auctions in Poland and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The paper also provides a description of the renewable energy sources’ development in three areas: electricity, heat and transport biofuels. Its main content, though, refers to the generation of electricity from renewable energy sources.
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Linares, Juan Alejandro Martinez, María Rodríguez Gámez, and Antonio Vázquez Pérez. "Computer application for studies of potential renewable energy sources." International research journal of management, IT and social sciences 6, no. 6 (September 27, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n6.754.
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Computer science's technologies have come to revolutionize the current era, the distributed generation and the introduction of new alternatives in the conception of the energy production, it is a factor that seen from the energy planning it allows to introduce the renewable energy sources (RES) as an element in the development of energetically sustainable territories. The space distribution of the natural resources that the RES generates, it has made necessary to develop advanced systems for the studies at space level. For the Needs of printing an analysis space and territorial of the RES studies, a geographical information system of renewable energy sources of was designed (SIGFRE), using free software, that offers information of the renewable potentials in the territory. This system is a tool that allows an appropriate way to offers information on the place (longitude and latitude) and the potentials (solar, hydric, wind, and biomass) that are generated in them.
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Miškinis, Vaclovas, Arvydas Galinis, Inga Konstantinavičiūtė, Vidas Lekavičius, and Eimantas Neniškis. "The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in Dynamics of Energy-Related GHG Emissions in the Baltic States." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810215.
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The deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) is an essential strategic objective of sustainable energy development in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Their growing contribution to the total primary energy supply can significantly facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. The paper provides findings from an in-depth comparative analysis of RES deployment trends during 2010–2019 in the Baltic countries in the context of energy policy documents of the European Union (EU). The dynamics of targeted RES indicators according to the Renewables Directive 2009/28/EC and National Programmes and the role of renewable energies in mitigating climate change are analysed. A key role of the heating and cooling sector in deploying RES is highlighted and a necessity to implement radical changes in the transport sector of the Baltic countries is revealed. The paper examines changes in energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the impact of driving factors in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and other countries of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). The Kaya identity and the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method are used for the decomposition analysis. Based on the analysis conducted, the impact of population change, economic growth, decline of energy intensity, RES deployment and reduction of emission intensity on change of GHG emissions in countries of the BSR and, on average, in the EU-27 during 2010–2019 is revealed.
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Abdeltawab, Hussein M., and Yasser A. I. Mohamed. "Distributed Battery Energy Storage Co-Operation for Renewable Energy Sources Integration." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 5517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205517.
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This paper presents a multiagent system (MAS) day-ahead co-operation framework between renewable energy resources (RESs) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) owned by different stakeholders. BESSs offer their storage services to RESs by shifting RES power to sell it during profitable peak-hours (aka; time-shifting). The MAS framework consists of three phases. Phase-one is a pre-auction phase that defines the maximum charging and discharging BESS power limits. These limits guarantee a reliable distribution system operation without violating the buses’ voltage limits or the ampacity of the branches. Phase-two is an auctioning phase between the BESS-agents and the RES-agents. Each agent has a different owner with a specific profit agenda and risk levels. The agent tries to maximize the profit potential of the owner. The agents use historical trade data and expected weather conditions to maximize profitability. Phase-three is called the post-auctioning phase, in which the agreement between the BESS- and RES-agents is finalized, and the agents are ready for another 3-phases trade. Case studies compare different auctioning strategies and prove the effectiveness of the proposed MAS system.
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Čábelková, Inna, Viktor Blaginin, Wadim Strielkowski, and Alexandr Platitsyn. "Sustainable education: altering the opinions on renewable energy sources." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020809001.
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Our paper studies the link between the education and the people’s opinions and views of the renewable energy sources (RES). We employ the representative data (1026 respondents) from the Czech Republic. Our empirical model did not reveal any associations between the subjective opinion on the respondents about the possibility to replace electricity generation from conventional sources (such as coal-fired or gas-fired power plants, nuclear power plants or large hydroelectric power plants) with the electricity from wind, solar radiation and biomass combustion. In addition, there seemed to be no correlation between the usage of renewable energy in the Czech Republic and the education of the respondents. However, there are strong significant association between the level of education of the respondents and the existence of opinions on the RES. Higher education means higher probability of the existence of such an opinion. Almost one third of the respondents with primary education did not have an opinion on the topic. This might be caused by an increasing interest in RES of people with higher level of education as they are likely to be more open to all discussions on the socially relevant issues in general. The lack of association between which opinion people have and their level of education is likely to indicate the marginal role of explaining the importance of RES in education.
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Dombi, Mihály, István Kuti, and Péter Balogh. "Aspects of the sustainable utilization of renewable energy sources." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, no. 5 (December 31, 2012): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/5/15.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the main approaches to sustainability and to present an alternative interpretation for the issues involved in the utilization of RES. The utilization technologies can be described by the average values of several technological parameters. Some significant parameters were chosen which are the most relevant for the issue of sustainability. The group of attributes was composed of these parameters in the analysis, which was conducted by the choice experiment (CE) methodology. The examination of each attributes’ influence on the individual’s preferences and choices was made possible by this method and the preferences of the relevant experts were determined. The weight of the attributes was defined by experts according to the importance of each attribute regarding RES-based technologies. The importance of sustainability attributes implies the significance of sustainability in the case of RES technologies, which thus highlights the characteristics of the more prosperous technological parameters regarding sustainable development.
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Ramirez Camargo, L., R. Zink, and W. Dorner. "SPATIOTEMPORAL MODELING FOR ASSESSING COMPLEMENTARITY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEMS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-4/W2 (July 10, 2015): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-4-w2-147-2015.
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Spatial assessments of the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) have become a valuable information basis for policy and decision-making. These studies, however, do not explicitly consider the variability in time of RES such as solar energy or wind. Until now, the focus is usually given to economic profitability based on yearly balances, which do not allow a comprehensive examination of RES-technologies complementarity. Incrementing temporal resolution of energy output estimation will permit to plan the aggregation of a diverse pool of RES plants i.e., to conceive a system as a virtual power plant (VPP). This paper presents a spatiotemporal analysis methodology to estimate RES potential of municipalities. The methodology relies on a combination of open source geographic information systems (GIS) processing tools and the in-memory array processing environment of Python and NumPy. Beyond the typical identification of suitable locations to build power plants, it is possible to define which of them are the best for a balanced local energy supply. A case study of a municipality, using spatial data with one square meter resolution and one hour temporal resolution, shows strong complementarity of photovoltaic and wind power. Furthermore, it is shown that a detailed deployment strategy of potential suitable locations for RES, calculated with modest computational requirements, can support municipalities to develop VPPs and improve security of supply.
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Karp, I. M., Y. Y. Nikitin, and K. Y. Pyanykh. "RENEWABLE SOURCES IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF UKRAINIAN CITIES." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.01.040.
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70% of the population of Ukraine lives in cities. Electric energy supply of cities with dense buildings is provided mainly from centralized generation sources: TPPs, CHPs, NPPs, RES, and heat energy - from CHPs and gas boilers. Possibilities of energy self-sufficiency of Ukrainian cities based on use of alternative and local energy sources are analyzed. There is a global trend of increasing share of RES in cities energy supply, especially in cities and districts with cottage development. Providing cities with their own energy resources can be achieved through integrated use of renewable and local sources. Production of electricity from renewable sources in terms of return on investment EROI and normalized energy cost over life cycle of LCOE generation source is close to traditional sources indicators. Examples of RES usage to meet energy needs of houses and settlements in Europe are given. High cost of renewable energy stimulates development of this area in Ukraine. Efficiency of renewable and local sources usage in buildings is achieved only with simultaneous introduction of energy saving measures - insulation of buildings, introduction of energy control systems. References 14.
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Mekontso, C., Abdulkarim Abubakar, S. Madugu, O. Ibrahim, and Y. A. Adediran. "Review of Optimization Techniques for Sizing Renewable Energy Systems." Computer Engineering and Applications Journal 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18495/comengapp.v8i1.285.
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The growing evidence of the global warning phenomena and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels have drawn the world attention to the exploitation of renewable energy sources (RES). However standalone RES have been proven to be very expensive and unreliable in nature owing to the stochastic nature of the energy sources. Hybrid energy system is an excellent solution for electrification of areas where the grid extension is difficult and not economical. One of the main attribute of hybridising is to be able to optimally size each RES including storages with the aim of minimizing operation costs while efficiently and reliably responding to load demand. Hybrid RES emerges as a trend born out of the need to fully utilize and solve problems associated with the reliability of RES. This paper present a review of techniques used in recent optimal sizing of hybrid RES. It discusses several methodologies and criteria for optimization of hybrid RES. The recent trend in optimization in the field of hybrid RES shows that bio-inspired techniques may provide good optimization of system without extensive long weather data.
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Makešová, Michaela, and Michaela Valentová. "The Concept of Multiple Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources: A Critical Review." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113183.
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Reaching climate neutrality by 2050 is one of the main long-term objectives of the European Union climate and energy policy, and renewable energy sources (RES) are integral parts of this transition. RES development results in many effects, direct and indirect, linked to each other, societal, local and individual, i.e., “multiple impacts of RES” (MI RES). These effects need to be carefully assessed and evaluated to obtain the full picture of energy field transformation and its context, and enable further development of RES. Nevertheless, the MI RES concept is often presented misleadingly and its scope varies throughout the literature. This paper provides a literature overview of the methodologies of this concept and presents a new concept of MI RES, respecting the difference between effects resulting from the implementation of RES and ultimate multiple impacts. We have summarized the effects into four groups: economic, social, environmental, and technical, which all lead to group of ultimate multiple impacts. Finally, we provide the complex overview of all MI RES and present the framework, which is used to analyze the multiple impacts and effects of RES and to show how the RES development leads and contributes to these impacts and effects. The concept is recommended to be considered in designing a robust energy policy by decision-makers.
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Mazurek-Czarnecka, Agnieszka, Ksymena Rosiek, Marcin Salamaga, Krzysztof Wąsowicz, and Renata Żaba-Nieroda. "Study on Support Mechanisms for Renewable Energy Sources in Poland." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 4196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124196.
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Poland, as a member of the European Union (EU), has to fulfill the obligations resulting from its membership in it. It is necessary to comply with numerous directives and other legal provisions adopted by the European Commission in the field of the energy market and production. Meeting the demands of the European Green Deal, as well as the solutions presented in the Fit for 55 package, is very difficult. In Poland, coal is still used in over 67% of electricity production. This article presents an attempt to join the multi-threaded discussion on renewable energy sources (RES) and the possibility of increasing their share in Poland’s energy mix. This article defines the RES support mechanisms in Poland, presents the support systems and instruments functioning within them, and also provides a statistical prediction of trends in energy production from RES for upcoming years. Research utilized the Brown, Holt, and Winters models and the cause-and-effect model. The research conducted in this article shows that Poland must make significant efforts to decarbonize the economy; in addition, the too quickly changing RES support system is not conducive to the development of these sources.
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Karbovska, L., I. Yakushik, E. Feshchenko, I. Kalina, and A. Kozlova. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY AND INCREASING ENERGY SECURITY BASED ON THE USE OF RES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230338.
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Abstract. It is substantiated that the factor of economic growth, increase of economic and energy security, preservation of the environment from the detrimental impact of the consequences of consumption of hydrocarbon energy sources is the sustainable development of renewable energy. The state and prospects of using renewable energy sources in the world are considered (RES). The rating of countries by the share of electricity produced from renewable sources as a percentage of primary sources during 2015—2019 is presented, which shows that the largest share of RES is in countries such as: Iceland, Kenya and Latvia; Currently, the largest growth in renewable energy is observed in Ukraine, Great Britain, Turkey, Denmark, Japan, France, the USA and Germany. The generalized factors of growth of demand for renewable energy sources are: parity of the price and productivity owing to decrease in the price of RES; increasing the efficiency of energy production due to technological progress and the introduction of innovative technologies in foreign trade; integration of power grids and balancing the load on them; stimulating the demand for RES by large cities — the implementation of the strategy of «smart city» includes «smart» energy; development of public ownership of networks and sources of renewable energy; active participation of developing countries in the dissemination of renewable energy; growing participation of the corporate sector in the development of renewable energy. The relationship between the goals of energy development in terms of its accessibility, reliability, sustainability and goals in the field of sustainable development is determined. Thus, poverty reduction (goal 1) involves expanding access to basic resources and services and the availability of modern infrastructure, an element of which is RES; the use of clean renewable energy will help reduce health risks (disease prevention and pandemic control) (objective 3); creation of sustainable infrastructure, promotion of innovations (goal 9) involves the use of clean and environmentally friendly technologies and sustainable energy development; the use of RES activity has a synergistic connection with the implementation of goal 13 — urgent measures to combat climate change and its consequences. Keywords: sustainable development goals, economic growth, energy security, renewable energy sources, hydrocarbon fuel, decarbonization. JEL Classification F29, F43, L94, O10 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 17.
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STRIELKOWSKI, Wadim, and Evgeny LISIN. "Economic Analysis of Renewable Energy Sources in European Union." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 7, no. 4 (February 27, 2017): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v7.4(16).01.
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Electrical power systems in the European Union are undergoing fundamental changes driven by environmental and energy security concerns that make energy generation and energy demand face a challenge of decarburization that is becoming a priority both in the EU and worldwide. Significant decarburization goes hand in hand with recent technological developments that put a strong emphasis on the electrification of the transport and heat demand sectors through the introduction of new technologies, such as electric vehicles (EV) and electric heat pumps (EHP).This paper tackles the economic and policy implications of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the European Union (EU).The paper analyses the development of RES, their impact, as well as discusses their particular influence on the European electricity markets.
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Dunichkin, I. V., A. S. Kovaleva, and Yu A. Tashlykova. "Approaches to estimation of energy potential of renewable energy sources in the territory of Russia." Power and Autonomous equipment 1, no. 1 (August 19, 2018): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2018-1-1-15-27.
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The article is devoted to the definition of peculiarities and evaluation of the energy potential of renewable energy sources (RES) in the territory of Russia, as well as the application of this information as additional initial data in the territorial planning. This formulation of the research allows us to achieve the gradual introduction in the design practice of the use of RES for the development of settlements and industrial facilities. The article considers existing power plants of renewable energy sources, of which small hydroelectric power plants are both the first and at the same time promising in hydropower engineering. In addition, the publication presents a variety of experience in the use of equipment for generating energy based on renewable sources, as well as provides analytical data on the prospects for growth in world energy production. It should be noted that the greatest increase in world production is expected from technologies that receive energy based on the action of the sun. Among RES, wind power is on the second place, which was reflected in the further analysis, consideration of the issues of integration of renewable energy technologies in town-planning practice and the results of the research.Subject matter: the subject of the study is the possibility of applying renewable energy technologies in modern urban development.Objectives: the purpose of the study is to identify the most sources of renewable energy whose application is most rational in the development of settlements.Materials and methods: in the course of the work, the main advantages and disadvantages, as well as prospects for the development of various types of renewable energy sources, including small ones, were considered.Results: as a result of the work, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of implementing RES technologies in the environment of settlements with territorial planning and the need for their integrated application.Conclusions: application of renewable energy technologies is possible in modern urban planning. It is advisable to use several types of renewable energy taking into account the boundaries of existing landscapes of settlements, for maximum production.
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Silva, Susana, Erika Laranjeira, and Isabel Soares. "Health Benefits from Renewable Electricity Sources: A Review." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206678.
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Energy generation has had several negative health impacts over the last few decades, mainly due to air pollution. One of the ways to decrease such impacts is to increase energy generation through renewable energy sources (RESs). These sources have important health co-benefits that need to be taken into consideration. This topic has been included in the literature, but research is scattered. The goal of this article is to show the status of the literature on this topic. We performed a systematic literature review on the health co-benefits of RES use, depicting the state of the art of this literature, some common findings, limitations, and lines for future research. It is clear from our analysis that this literature remains scarce. We found 28 studies fitting the inclusion criteria. Results can be summed as follows: (1) wind and solar power are the most studied RES sources; (2) most studies are for the United States and developing countries are largely understudied; and (3) health benefit results vary widely according to site-specific conditions. Overall, the existing studies show significant health co-benefits from RES use, which are important to consider when performing cost–benefit analysis for energy projects. This is particularly relevant for policy-makers and energy investors.
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Kazak, Jan K., Joanna A. Kamińska, Rafał Madej, and Marta Bochenkiewicz. "Where Renewable Energy Sources Funds are Invested? Spatial Analysis of Energy Production Potential and Public Support." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 5551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215551.
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Energy transition in the European Union (EU) is strongly related to public support from structural funds which enable member states to create new and renovate existing renewable energy source (RES) installations. However, in order to maximize benefits of these investments it is crucial to consider where RES funds are allocated, how it corresponds with RES potential in specific locations, and how future implementation of energy policies can be improved. In this study, RES development projects supported by EU funds, implemented in the period 2004–2019 in Poland, were analyzed in relation to solar, wind and biomass energy potential. The study was conducted with the use of agglomeration method and k-mean method to define clusters of local administrative units characterized by similar features of RES funds absorption and renewable energy production potential. The results obtained show that in the case of all energy sources there is no correlation between high RES funds absorption and energy production potential. The final conclusion of the research is that in order to boost energy transformation into more sustainable solutions, renewable energy production potential should be considered as a factor to allocate public financial support for future energy policy implementation.
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Ropuszyńska-Surma, Edyta, and Magdalena Węglarz. "Profiling End User of Renewable Energy Sources among Residential Consumers in Poland." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124452.
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This paper investigates the profile of end user of renewable energy sources (RES) among Polish households. Users differ in their sex, age, economic status, knowledge about energy, their attitudes toward RES and pro-ecological behavior therefore our focus was on exploring segmentation criteria. The main determinants of willingness to install small-scale RES among households were assumed as segmentation criteria. The research identified the correlation between the households’ willingness to install RES and (1) socio-economic and energy awareness variables, (2) pro-ecological and pro-effectiveness behaviors variables. The main determinants of RES adoption were explored using empirical analysis with data collected by the survey among 960 households in Lower Silesia, a southwest region in Poland in November and December of 2015. The importance of the variables was verified by a logit model. The discovery of the user profile is vital to obtain knowledge about users of small-scale generators to provide them personalized offer. The finding from this study could be valuable for local authority’s energy utilities that are involved for increasing the adoption rate of RES among households and for (e.g., services companies installing RES) that are interested in increasing number of RES installations.
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Chen, Jun, and Chun Lin Guo. "Research on Application of Energy Storage Technology in Renewable Energy Source Generation." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.418.
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With the reserves of coal and other fossil energy decreasing, renewable energy sources (RES) will become the main power source of future power system. In order to ensure stable supply of RES generation and to improve efficiency of system, energy storage technology will play a more and more important role in power system. In this paper, we discussed the importance and characteristics of various energy storage technologies with battery and super capacitor energy storage technology as examples. Then we elaborated the principles and important effects of energy storage technologies in RES generation. Finally, using PSCAD to build the simulation model of grid connected RES generation and storage technology to obtain the effect of energy storage technologies. Results show that the energy storage devices can effectively alleviate the fluctuation of RES.
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Stankova, Todorka, and Daniela Toneva. "Renewable energy as an integral part of the Bulgarian energy mix." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128602011.
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An economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions is the new EU 2050 is a main long– term strategic objective, which follows the EU RES promotion policy. Investment in renewable energy is a key factor for reduction of the conventional energy sources’ carbon footprint. The transition from conventional to green energy is an on-going process. The renewable energy becomes an integral part from the energy mix of EU countries, including Bulgaria. Current research on RES component of Bulgarian energy mix covers the period from 2007 to 2019. It reveals the internal renewable energy subsector structure. The preconditions for solar and wind energy project are analysed, together with the levels of RES energy production in Bulgaria. The Bulgaria RES sector incoherence is highlighted. Some trends of RES development in the context of gross final energy production and consumption are revealed. Some gaps in Bulgarian practices regarding RES promotion policy implementation are identified and discussed.
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Bednarczyk, Jan L., Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup, and Sławomir Luściński. "Determinants of the Energy Development Based on Renewable Energy Sources in Poland." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2021): 6762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206762.
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In this article, we aim to identify the determinants that profoundly impact renewable energy sources development in Poland. To this end, the authors have conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of Poland’s renewable energy sector. In this paper, we demonstrate an original approach considering the different development levels of the given sector across provinces (voivodeships). It uses panel data from the Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland on electricity production from renewable energy sources in individual voivodeships in Poland from 2005 through 2019. The study confronts the results of previous studies and sheds light on the situation in Poland—specifically, upon the changes that have happened over the ten years (2010–2019). The qualitative analysis shows a negative correlation between energy consumption and the share of renewable energy sources in total energy production. Evidence shows that favorable changes are underway in the energy production structure: RES share is growing and by degrees satisfying energy demand, and there is growing potential of energy entities in Poland. Furthermore, the analysis shows that R&D and total expenditures on environmental protection and water management investments do not significantly affect the development of RES. A dynamic panel data model has been used to analyze the group and time effects on the dependent variable. The findings confirm the existence of the persistency effect and indicate positive effects of total installed electric capacity (IEC) and household electricity consumption (HEC). Nonhousehold electricity consumption (NHEC) has a negative effect on the endogenous variable, i.e., the renewable energy sources share in the gross final energy consumption (RESS). The research results may be applicable as recommendations for energy efficiency policy development based on renewable energy sources depending on the RES development level in the regions of Poland.
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Periasamy, Madhumathi, Thenmalar Kaliannan, Shobana Selvaraj, Veerasundaram Manickam, Sheela Androse Joseph, and Johny Renoald Albert. "Various PSO methods investigation in renewable and nonrenewable sources." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 2498. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i4.pp2498-2505.
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<p>Optimization structures are mostly considered for resolving multi-objective difficulties similar to cost, emission, and financial load dispatch in various energy sources. Non-renewable energy sources (NRES) emit harmful gases like CO<sup>2</sup>, and methane. which results in air pollutants, so various techniques are used in survey papers. By considering optimization techniques, the multi-objective problems are reduced in renewable energy sources (RES) and NRES. Implementing these techniques in RES and NRES will define the proper objective function. Hybrid algorithms are used for solving multi-objective problems like cost, pollutant emission, price penalty factor, valve point, ramp rates, and constraints like generator, power flow, power balance, and heat balance. A fuzzy system is used in numerous surveys for controlling purpose, superiority, and efficiency over other controllers. Subsequently summarized three types of sources like RES, RES-NRES, and NRES for easy identification of techniques and problems. This study reviews various techniques and mathematical modeling of algorithms for future research.</p>
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Nakamura, Hiroshi, and Masaru Nakano. "Scenario Analysis for Clean Energy Vehicles in UK Considering Introduction of Renewable Energy Sources." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 4 (June 29, 2017): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0592.
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For achieving a sustainable society, clean energy vehicles (CEVs), such as electric and fuel cell vehicles, can play a significant role in reducing CO2pollution in the transport sector. Each type of CEV has certain characteristics: vehicle running range, Life Cycle CO2(LCCO2), cost, fuel efficiency, etc. Therefore, in order to accomplish CO2reduction targets in the UK, this paper calculates optimized CEV portfolios by considering each CEV’s characteristics. The objective is to minimize a CEV system that includes running, vehicle manufacturing, and infrastructure costs. Constraints are defined by the vehicle sales number, vehicle price, energy price, etc. A CEV optimized portfolio is calculated for each year to provide ideas for determining future CEV policy for government and industries. Few conventional studies show optimized CEV portfolios by considering mixed rates of renewable energy sources (RES). However, they did employ one case of RES introduction rate, but this study employs many RES introduction scenarios. Results suggest that introducing a high RES date contributes to reducing EV’s LCCO2dramatically and reaching the UK target without great reduction of GVs and DVs. In the scenario of high RES introduction rate, differences are widening among EVs, GVs, and DVs in their amounts of CO2pollution.
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Stevanović, Simo, and Snežana Stevanović. "Biomass as a renewable energy source." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 69, no. 1 (2022): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2201195s.
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The use of RESs reduces the emission of gases and hazardous materials into the atmosphere, which has an impact on the improvement of the quality of the environment. The use of biomass, especially that from municipal waste and agriculture, reduces the need for importing energy sources. Energy production from RES is a fast-growing economy branch employing a significant workforce. Of 5.6 Mtoe of the total annual usable technical potential of the RES in Serbia, 1.96 Mtoe (i.e. 35%) is used up, whereas only 1.1 Mtoe (i.e. 32%) is used up of 3.4 Mtoe of the total biomass. The paper is aimed at indicating the significance of the production of renewable energy from biomass, the available quantities, the structure and the advantages of using it in the future development of the energy sector. Some states, Serbia included, have prescribed stimuli to green energy kW delivered to power distribution enterprises.
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Gámez, María Rodríguez, Antonio Vázquez Pérez, Antonio Sarmiento Será, and Zoila Millet Ronquillo. "Renewable Energy Sources and Local Development." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH) 1, no. 2 (August 10, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijssh.v1i2.31.
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Renewable sources are closely linked to the natural conditions of each region and locality, their availability is very varied from one site to another, being important the evaluation of the potential of these resources, in order to determine their best use under economically advantageous conditions. These constitute the equivalent fuel for the operation of the technologies that exploit them, their quantity and quality; It also depends on the energy performance and reliability of the technology systems that employ them. An analysis of the importance of the determination of the regionalization of the RES is presented, showing the energy, economic and environmental impacts that can be estimated in specific regions and localities. For this, the studies carried out in the province of La Habana and in the municipality of San Luis in the province of Santiago de Cuba are presented as practical examples of a territorial planning, considering the conditions of each locality. The results are shown using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The contribution obtained allows the preliminary knowledge of the renewable potential (solar, wind, water and biomass), which can be considered for a regionalization of the planning with renewable energy sources, in order to reach the goals of sustainable development, based on the search Of energy solutions at the Community level.
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Gamez, Maria Rodriguez, Antonio Vazquez Perez, Antonio Sarmiento Sera, and Zoila Millet Ronquillo. "Renewable energy sources and local development." International journal of social sciences and humanities 1, no. 2 (August 10, 2017): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijssh.v1n2.31.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable sources are closely linked to the natural conditions of each region and locality, their availability is very varied from one site to another, being important the evaluation of the potential of these resources, in order to determine their best use under economically advantageous conditions. These constitute the equivalent fuel for the operation of the technologies that exploit them, their quantity and quality; It also depends on the energy performance and reliability of the technology systems that employ them. An analysis of the importance of the determination of the regionalization of the RES is presented, showing the energy, economic and environmental impacts that can be estimated in specific regions and localities. For this, the studies carried out in the province of La Habana and in the municipality of San Luis in the province of Santiago de Cuba are presented as practical examples of a territorial planning, considering the conditions of each locality. The results are shown using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The contribution obtained allows the preliminary knowledge of the renewable potential (solar, wind, water and biomass), which can be considered for a regionalization of the planning with renewable energy sources, in order to reach the goals of sustainable development, based on the search Of energy solutions at the Community level.
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Kath, Christopher, Weronika Nitka, Tomasz Serafin, Tomasz Weron, Przemysław Zaleski, and Rafał Weron. "Balancing Generation from Renewable Energy Sources: Profitability of an Energy Trader." Energies 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010205.
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Motivated by a practical problem faced by an energy trading company in Poland, we investigate the profitability of balancing intermittent generation from renewable energy sources (RES). We consider a company that buys electricity generated by a pool of wind farms and pays their owners the day-ahead system price minus a commission, then sells the actually generated volume in the day-ahead and balancing markets. We evaluate the profitability (measured by the Sharpe ratio) and market risk faced by the energy trader as a function of the commission charged and the adopted trading strategy. We show that publicly available, country-wide RES generation forecasts can be significantly improved using a relatively simple regression model and that trading on this information yields significantly higher profits for the company. Moreover, we address the issue of contract design as a key performance driver. We argue that by offering tolerance range contracts, which transfer some of the risk to wind farm owners, both parties can bilaterally agree on a suitable framework that meets individual risk appetite and profitability expectations.
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Bartnik, Ryszard, and Dariusz Pączko. "Methodology for Analysing Electricity Generation Unit Costs in Renewable Energy Sources (RES)." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 7241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217241.
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Due to the constant trend of building wind turbine sets and photovoltaic cells, the so-called renewable energy sources, it is important to develop a mathematical model that will allow us to analyse the economic viability of their operation. By using this model, multivariate calculations should be carried out and developed in the form of universal nomograms that will allow us to estimate this viability almost on an immediate basis. In this paper, such a model for the unit cost of electricity production from renewable energy sources is presented. It is based on a continuous-time Net Present Value notation. The multi-variant calculations performed with it take into account different subsidy levels and operating time of the renewable energy sources. The paper presents values of unit costs of electricity production from renewable energy sources and values of maximum subsidies for this production. It turns out that subsidies are necessary for renewable energy sources to exist on the energy market. An additional disadvantage is the fact that renewable energy sources are not able to provide a stable electricity supply throughout the year.
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Morad, Diler H. "The Potential and Social Acceptability of Renewable Energy sources in North Iraq: Kurdistan Region." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v7n4a276.
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Kurdistan region government(KRG) is located to the north of Iraq, its Energy System has suffered from a lack of electricity, and many challenges to be overcome to meet future increases in demand for power, about 85% of the production of power is almost depended on fossils fuels, while the remaining 15% is covered by hydro-electrical plants. Therefore, the renewable energy sources are alternative sources of energy for reducing energy demand and CO2 emissions in KRG. In order to review the Kurdistan potential renewable energy and social-acceptance toward renewable energy source use and implementations, mixed methodology was used qualitative and quantitative to provide the most complete analysis of study problems. In this study, the potential renewable energy sources (RES) has been examined as well as the survey which was designed with three groups of questions: awareness of renewable energy sources, person background information and willingness to invest in renewable energy sources. The result showed that Kurdistan region has a great ability to utilize renewable energy sources and long-term economic viability of using RES in house wasn’t clear for 40% of 320 interviews. About 63% of the participants were ready to pay extra cost to get renewable energy. The majority of the participant think that public sector should take the first step towards renewable energy production as well as providing incentives and business models to motivate peoples to implement RES in their building.
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Halama, Arkadiusz. "Sustainable energy and development of renewable energy sources in Żywiec District (Silesian Voivodeship)." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 21, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7086.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and human activity are the main threats to rural areas and surrounding cities. The effects of climate change are mainly an increasing temperature, but also the intensity and frequency of extreme events. Climate change and its consequences are a growing problem. One of the ways to mitigate climate change, improve the quality of the natural environment and meet international obligations is sustainable energy management and the use of renewable energy sources (the RES). The aim of the study was to evaluate the energy economy, in particular the use of the RES in the Żywiec district in 2015–2020. In the rural areas of the Żywiec district, the preferred RES are solar energy (for all communities), energy from biomass and biogas from agricultural biogas plants. It has been assumed that the increase in the use of renewable energy (in this case PV installations) in the areas in question was mainly caused by the economic incentives. After the initial period (2015–2018) of lack of interest, there was a significant increase in the number of RES installations installed. PV installations prevailed. After the analysis, it seems that the increase in interest and installation of PV installations was mainly due to attractive, local subsidy programs, which significantly improved operational efficiency and shortened the payback time on investments in photovoltaic micro-installations. The adopted hypothesis was confirmed.
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Kumar, G. V. Brahmendra, Ratnam Kamala Sarojini, K. Palanisamy, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, and Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen. "Large Scale Renewable Energy Integration: Issues and Solutions." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101996.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, many applications have been developed for the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the grid in order to satisfy the demand requirement of a clean and reliable electricity generation. Increasing the number of RES creates uncertainty in load and power supply generation, which also presents an additional strain on the system. These uncertainties will affect the voltage and frequency variation, stability, protection, and safety issues at fault levels. RES present non-linear characteristics, which requires effective coordination control methods. This paper presents the stability issues and solutions associated with the integration of RES within the grid.
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Mukatov, Bekzhan, and Ravil Khabibullin. "Renewable energy sources in future energy balance of the republic of Kazakhstan." E3S Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185803006.
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The article describes the main factors determining the development of renewable energy sources in the world. The assessment of the applicability of foreign RES development strategies to Kazakhstan’s energy system has been made. The main tasks facing Kazakhstan’s energy system with large-scale implementation of renewable energy were formulated. On the basis of the analysis and performed calculations recommendations and basic principles have been made on development strategy of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan.