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Journal articles on the topic 'Renewal fund'
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1
Cowlagi, V. R. S. "The National Renewal Fund: Promise, Performance, and Prospects." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 19, no. 4 (October 1994): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919940401.
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The National Renewal Fund (NRF), set up in February 1992, aims to provide a safety net to protect the workers in industrial enterprises from possible adverse consequences of the new economic policy. In this article, V R S Cowlagi examines the scope and the performance of the NRF and suggests various ways of enhancing its impact.
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Saad, Dina A., and Tarek Hegazy. "Microeconomic optimization and what-if analysis for facilities renewal." Journal of Facilities Management 13, no. 4 (September 7, 2015): 350–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-10-2014-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a microeconomic-based approach to support fund-allocation decisions for a large number of assets. Under the prevailing financial constraints and rapid deterioration of facilities, arriving at optimum fund allocation for capital renewal projects has become very challenging. Due to the complexity of modeling multi-year life cycle cost analysis, existing fund-allocation methods have serious drawbacks when handling a large portfolio of assets, and their results are difficult to justify. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts well-established theories from microeconomics and proposes a new microeconomic-based decision support framework that has two novel components: a heuristic procedure to optimize and justify fund-allocation decisions by balancing the funding among the different asset categories; and a visual what-if analysis approach inspired by the economic indifference maps. Findings – Applying the proposed framework on a real case study of 800 building components proved that optimum decisions can be achieved through an equilibrium state at which fair and equitable allocations are made such that the utility per dollar is balanced for all asset categories. The visual what-if analysis approach presented a powerful graphical tool to visualize decisions, along with their costs and benefits, and facilitate sensitivity analysis under changes in budget levels. Originality/value – This paper, using the proposed microeconomic framework, sheds a new light on how fund-allocation optimization problems can be simplified, from an economic perspective, to arrive at accurate and justifiable decisions for a large portfolio of facilities.
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Colby, Eben, Thomas DeCapo, Kenneth Burdon, and Aaron Morris. "What can mutual fund boards and advisers learn from the AXA trial ruling?" Journal of Investment Compliance 18, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-02-2017-0015.
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Purpose To analyze the August 2016 court decision in Sivolella v. AXA Equitable Life Ins. Co. and its implications for cases concerning mutual fund advisory fees under Section 36(b) of the of the Investment Company Act of 1940. Design/methodology/approach Discusses Section 36(b), the plaintiffs’ arguments and the judge’s decision in favor of the mutual fund adviser. Provides insights from the judge’s analysis of the advisory fees at issue, including the independence of the mutual fund board and quality of the annual advisory contract renewal process, whether the language of the advisory and subadvisory agreements fully reflects the nature and extent of services provided, the board’s reliance on outside experts and advisers when considering the advisers’ fees and services, and continuous improvements in the boards’ annual advisory contract renewal process. Findings AXA was a decisive victory for the adviser, and serves as a reminder to boards and advisers alike that a diligent focus on board process and independence can pay twofold after litigation is filed. Practical implications Boards and advisers should consider AXA’s implications, and whether the decision raises issues that should be reviewed by independent counsel with experience advising funds and advisers with respect to the Investment Company Act. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers.
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LAZEBNYK, Larysa. "RENEWAL OF FIXED ASSETS IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS OF THEIR DEPRECIATION AND USE." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.08.062.
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The generalization of statistics for our state and its comparison with similar indicators of other countries gave grounds for the conclusion about underinvestment of Ukrainian economy. Strengthening investment activity depends on such a tool of the state economic policy as depreciation charges, which through imperative mechanisms of renovation is capable of providing renewal of fixed assets. The research is based on a structural and morphological analysis of analytical and statistical information on depreciation of fixed assets. Two fundamentally different theoretical concepts of the fixed assets depreciation are considered: economic and financial ones. It is indicated that in Ukraine in the accounting and tax normative documents the legal concept of economic depreciation is fixed, which is not based on the needs of reproduction. It is proved that in scientific literature the issues of amortization appointment are considered mainly from the point of focus on the revitalization of investment processes, that is, from the standpoint of the financial concept of depreciation. Historical reason for such a contradiction is revealed: formation of depreciation fund and a special account in a bank during the years of the USSR in the accounting. This gave grounds for considering the resources of the depreciation fund and, accordingly, depreciation deductions as funds that could be used for the technical re-equipment of enterprises. The thesis is based that the restoration of a depreciation fund, similar to the Soviet one, means the withdrawal of a part of the monetary resources from enterprises’ cash and short money instruments. This cannot positively affect the economy of enterprises in a corrupt country. The possibility of introducing a financial concept of depreciation to maximize the use of the depreciation resource for the needs of renewal of fixed assets is considered. A conclusion is made about the need for prior normative-legal support. It is suggested to: (i) find an opportunity to reflect information on unused amounts of depreciation charges in accounting records; (ii) increase the income tax base by including the depreciation amounts that were not used as investments.
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Chan, Kin Sun, and Yeung Fai Philip Siu. "Urban governance and social sustainability." Asian Education and Development Studies 4, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-12-2014-0060.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of urban renewal policy by comparing urban renewal in Hong Kong with that undertaken in Macao. Design/methodology/approach – This study reviews the concepts of urban renewal in the two cities and examines related policies in Hong Kong and Macao. Findings – The study finds that the emphasis of urban renewal policy rests on the principles of self-financing, holistic planning and public-private partnerships. In order to deal with urban renewal issues, the Chinese Government has adopted a “People First, District-based, Public Participatory” approach based on public engagement and, to this end, it has introduced various measures, such as the District Urban Renewal Forum and the Urban Renewal Trust Fund. However, compared with Hong Kong, Macao’s efforts at urban renewal policies have been disjointed and piecemeal. Originality/value – The study adopts the principle of public management and compares the two cities’ urban policies to highlight the importance of both government leadership and public engagement for successful urban renewal.
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Koju, Ram, Susil Dev Subedi, and Laxmi Koju. "Impact of Lapsed Policies in Life Insurance Industries of Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Insurance and Social Security 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njiss.v3i3.36463.
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Growth and competition are rapidly rising in life insurance sector. Companies have challenge to stay in the market and earn profit as well as build trust among the end users. In this context, companies have to expand business by selling more life insurance policies. However, only selling new policies might not be the solution to increase profit. Thus, company needs to ensure minimum to zero lapse rates for the sustainable growth of the company. This study investigated the impact of lapse rate and revival rate on net worth, profitability, life fund, and total premium income of life insurance industries in Nepal over the period 2010-2019. The study employed Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for empirical estimation. The empirical results showed the lapse rate, profitability, revival rate and surrender rate of 23.91%, 2.64%, 88.82% and 3.83%, respectively in the life insurance industries in Nepal during the 10 years’ period. The lapse rate was significantly negatively correlated with life fund and the total premium income with the–model coefficients of 0.1474065 and -0.19244, respectively. Moreover, the empirical estimation showed a significant positive correlation between lapse rate and profitability. This might be because high lapse rate lowers the provision of unexpired risk and life fund resulting in higher amount of profitability. The revival rate was significantly positively correlated with the profitability. This might be because higher revival rate increases the renewal income of a company, resulting in more funds available for investment thereby bringing positive cash inflow for the company. However, the revival rate did not show any significant association with net worth, life fund and total premium income.
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Suliman, Rihana. "Renewal of the 14-year journey of the Endangered Archives Programme." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 28, no. 2 (August 2018): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0955749019833199.
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Historical archives around the world are subject to general neglect, ravages of time, poor storage, damaging environmental conditions or the destructive forces of war. The Endangered Archives Programme, first established in 2004, addresses these issues through its unyielding efforts to preserve endangered material, digitise it, safely deposit surrogate copies in more than one location and, most importantly, making it freely available online through the British Library’s website. The Programme ensures that histories of human activities from around the globe remain available for contemporary users and for future generations. This article focuses on the journey that started 14 years ago and is still ongoing due to the valuable contribution by Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin, to preserve documentary heritage. This article discusses the growth, development and achievements of the Programme. In 2018, Arcadia generously renewed its support of the Endangered Archives Programme, hopefully enabling it to reach further archives that are yet to be preserved.
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Wahyu, A. Rio Makkulau, and Wirani Aisiyah Anwar. "Management of Zakat at BAZNAS Regency Sidrap During COVID-19’s Pandemic." Jurnal Iqtisaduna 1, no. 1 (September 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/iqtisaduna.v1i1.15807.
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Zakat is an obligation for every Muslim who can purify his soul to zakat Fitrah and purify his property for Zakat Maal. Zakat must be managed properly so that the distribution of the property can run effectively and targeted to the Mustahik in the moment of the current Covid-19 pandemic. Baznas has made renewal in zakat management both in terms of collecting, distributing, and utilization of zakat funds. For example, in the case of fundraising Zakat is done by a digital system. The purpose of this research is to explain the management of Zakat done by the Baznas Sidrap Regency in maximizing the distribution of the accumulated zakat funds. The study was conducted using a combination of library and field research using a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The research location was at Sidrap District. The results showed that zakat funds can be utilized to the fullest extent possible for the welfare of the Mustahik both consumptive and productive. In distributing the fund zakat Baznas Sidrap Regency has channeled the funds amounting to Rp.1,2 billion since the period of Covid-19 pandemic with the main channeling of zakat funds in remote areas that have been affected by Covid-19 pandemic, in the form of food aid for the consumptive.
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Streltsov, A. V., and G. I. Yakovlev. "MEANINGFUL ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF DEPRECIATION AS A SOURCE OF INVESTMENTS FOR THE ENTERPRISES MODERNIZATION." Vestnik of Samara State University of Economics 3, no. 197 (March 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/1993-0453-2021-3-197-53-62.
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The study analyzes the nature of the modernization of the enterprise, identifies the factors that determine the need for its implementation in relation to Russian industrial enterprises, which were forced to miss several cycles of renewal as a result of the national economy reformation. It is necessary to comprehensively transform their material and technical bases to produce innovative, competitive products in the face of global uncertainties and increased competition on the target markets. The purpose of the study is to prove that the modernization of industrial enterprises is based on the transformation of their material and technical base, regular updating of fixed assets in order to eliminate their moral depreciation and the successful implementation of digital transformation. As a result, the study of the processes and algorithms for justifying the renewal and modernization of the formation of funds at the expense of internal sources of the enterprise investments. An approach to the assessment of their capabilities and importance to ensure the financing of modernization projects is proposed. Methods of statistical and comparative analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis of economic phenomena and management of industrial enterprises were used to solve the set tasks. The characteristics of changes in profit, return on fixed assets and depreciation as sources of investments, depending on the dynamics of interest rates and inflation, are determined. The directions of increasing the importance of internal sources of enterprise investments for the implementation of its modernization projects are proposed. Key conclusions: it is necessary to build a comprehensive mechanism for managing the depreciation process of enterprises as its reproduction and modernization core. It is also necessary to ensure the targeted use of depreciation and the minimum return on funds accumulated by owners in the depreciation fund.
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Субаева, Асия, Asiya Subaeva, Марат Низамутдинов, Marat Nizamutdinov, Наталья Александрова, and Natal'ya Aleksandrova. "AMORTIZATION DESIGNATIONS AS A SOURCE FOR REPRODUCTION OF THE TECHNICAL BASE OF AGRICULTURE." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5ccedf79a19fa6.25081121.
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The role of depreciation in an enterprise can be represented as a source of reproduction of fixed capital and a share of the cost of production. The study of sources of financing for the processes of renewal and modernization of agriculture is considered on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the agricultural sphere, the problem of the targeted use of depreciation funds is aggravated by the difficult financial situation of many agricultural producers, which reduces the amount of funds allocated for the reproduction of fixed capital. The market of agricultural machinery requires serious financial investments and improvement of the mechanism of technical support of the agroindustrial complex. One of the ways to improve this issue is the revision of depreciation methods. In Russia, for a long time, only a uniform depreciation method was used based on the useful life, when the values of fixed assets are repaid evenly over their entire service life, we propose the use of accelerated depreciation.
In this regard, the purpose of the publication is to study the changes in the share of depreciation used on investments in the total amount of accrued depreciation and to propose measures to improve the reproduction of fixed capital. The analysis showed that in the Republic of Tatarstan over the past 5 years, only about 30% of the accrued depreciation deductions are sent by farmers to invest in fixed capital. According to the results of the analysis, the idea of increasing the role of depreciation deductions as a source of renewal and modernization of agricultural equipment through the system of state support and the accumulation of depreciation deductions in the form of money on deposit or special accounts in banks was considered. A scheme for the functioning of the regional depreciation fund and its controls are proposed. The introduction of a mechanism to increase the role of depreciation as a source of financing will ensure the growth and modernization of agricultural technical support through a system of targeted use of depreciation funds.
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Auerbach, Jeremy, Christopher Blackburn, Hayley Barton, Amanda Meng, and Ellen Zegura. "Coupling data science with community crowdsourcing for urban renewal policy analysis: An evaluation of Atlanta’s Anti-Displacement Tax Fund." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 6 (December 26, 2018): 1081–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318819847.
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We estimate the cost and impact of a proposed anti-displacement program in the Westside of Atlanta (GA) with data science and machine learning techniques. This program intends to fully subsidize property tax increases for eligible residents of neighborhoods where there are two major urban renewal projects underway, a stadium and a multi-use trail. We first estimate household-level income eligibility for the program with data science and machine learning approaches applied to publicly available household-level data. We then forecast future property appreciation due to urban renewal projects using random forests with historic tax assessment data. Combining these projections with household-level eligibility, we estimate the costs of the program for different eligibility scenarios. We find that our household-level data and machine learning techniques result in fewer eligible homeowners but significantly larger program costs, due to higher property appreciation rates than the original analysis, which was based on census and city-level data. Our methods have limitations, namely incomplete data sets, the accuracy of representative income samples, the availability of characteristic training set data for the property tax appreciation model, and challenges in validating the model results. The eligibility estimates and property appreciation forecasts we generated were also incorporated into an interactive tool for residents to determine program eligibility and view their expected increases in home values. Community residents have been involved with this work and provided greater transparency, accountability, and impact of the proposed program. Data collected from residents can also correct and update the information, which would increase the accuracy of the program estimates and validate the modeling, leading to a novel application of community-driven data science.
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Lederman, Jaimee, Anne Brown, Brian D. Taylor, and Martin Wachs. "Lessons Learned from 40 Years of Local Option Transportation Sales Taxes in California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 4 (June 30, 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118782757.
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Jurisdictions across the United States have increasingly turned to local option sales taxes, or LOSTs, to fund transportation projects and programs. California is an enthusiastic adopter of these measures; since 1976, residents in over half of the state’s 58 counties have voted on 76 LOST measures. As of 2017, 24 counties, home to 88% of the state’s population, have LOST measures in place. Many counties have enacted multiple measures, with passage rates especially high among renewal and follow-on measures. This research is the first comprehensive analysis of LOST measures; drawing on measure expenditure plans to determine the range and frequency of transportation projects and services funded. This detailed review of expenditure plans across dozens of urban, suburban, and rural California counties offers insight on these measures and the projects and programs they fund. Overall, this study finds that LOSTs are heterogeneous, often including something for nearly every interest group. Almost all of the measures studied dedicate funding to a mix of transportation modes, including highways, public transit, local road maintenance, and active transportation. Expenditures on particular modes vary, reflecting transportation geography across counties. On average, 60% of LOST expenditures in California fund road projects and over 30% are allocated to public transit. Measures often dedicate a substantially larger share of revenue to transit relative to transit’s mode share. Finally, LOSTs typically appeal to diverse local interests by returning a portion of revenues to local jurisdictions to address local priority projects.
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Bakšys, Donatas, and Leonidas Sakalauskas. "MODELLING OF INTERBANK PAYMENTS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2006.9637753.
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Non‐cash payments are intensively growing in the payment market. Therefore modern electronic systems of interbank payments are introduced to satisfy this need. The substantial renewal of the payment system was prompted for the implementation of the new banking technologies and aimed at increasing fund turnover as well as complying with the requirements applied in regard of payment systems. Such a system change is a topical theme of discussion on the simulation and analysis of systems of such kind. The article analyses the opportunities for simulating the interbank payment system and presents a model of interbank payments flow. The model is constructed on the analysis of real flow of payments in the payment system.
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SOKOLOV, E. V., E. V. KOSTYRIN, and A. B. BALANTSEV. "SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF ENTERPRISE FINANCING." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 4 (2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.03.002.
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The proposed social technologies for financing enterprises, based on economic and mathematical models, algorithms and software, are a permanent mechanism for increasing the income of working citizens, developing enterprises, increasing tax revenues and social payments. The use of social technologies for financing enterprises allows with a 5% increase in revenue over 50 years to increase the wages of employees by 63%, which will amount to almost 104 trillion rubles in Russia; to increase deductions to the development fund by 72%, in which, first of all, the owners of enterprises are interested, since this ensures the growth of their income and the possibility of constant modernization and renewal of technological equipment, the release of new competitive products; to reduce to zero deductions to the Federal Fund of Compulsory Medical Insurance (FCHIF) from wages above 76 rubles, which is 955% higher than the average salary in Russia as of January 20. At the same time, despite the reduction in the rate of contributions to the FCHIF, the amount of deductions to the state in the form of income tax, income tax and in the FCHIF increases.
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Gresz, Miklós. "Characteristics of patient pathways in Hungary." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 9 (February 2011): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29043.
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Over the past four years, there were nearly 250 million registered visits of insured patients in outpatient services in Hungary according to the database of the National Health Insurance Fund. In the process of renewal of health care system it is extremely important to analyze the characteristics of patient pathways. With the analysis of registered visits between 2007 and 2010 the author shows that 65%-96% (average 86%) of the insured patients used the services of outpatient care in the county of their living. This figure was the lowest (65%) in Pest County, which is the service area of several providers located in Budapest. Author presents and analyses the characteristics of patient pathways in different counties of Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 338–343.
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Haran, Martin, Stanley McGreal, Alastair Adair, and James Webb. "Unlisted Property Fund Investment in Urban Renewal/Regeneration Property in the U.K.: The Impact of Investment Style on Decision Making." Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management 14, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2008.12089811.
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Usenya, V. V. "POSTFIRE CONDITION AND RENEWAL OF FOREST PHYTOCENOSES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 63, no. 3 (August 25, 2018): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2018-63-3-316-327.
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Results of long-term stationary research on influence of the pyrogenic factor on the efficiency and the postfire condition of forest phytocenoses of Belarus are presented. It has been found out that the size of the postfire falling off of trees and their radial gain in plantations of the main forest forming breeds are determined by the type and intensity of a fire, the forest and taxation characteristics of forest stands as well as biological features of tree species. Dependence of the size of the postfire falling off by the quantity of trees and a stock in pine, spruce, birch and black alder plantations on their average diameter and average height of deposit on trunks are revealed at the ground fires, depths of burn-out of organic horizons of the soil and damage rate of root systems of trees – at the soil fires. The description of scales for identification of damage rate in plantations of the main forest forming breeds from fires and their fire resistance is given. The reforestation methods in the burnt-out places in various forest vegetation conditions which provide formation of biologically steady and highly productive plantations of economic valuable tree species are presented. There is a card of forest fire division into districts of the territory of Belarus on the basis of which types and volumes of actions for fire-prevention arrangement of the forest fund of the legal entities which conduct forestry for the purpose of minimization of the area of wildfires and their consequences are differentiated.
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Pestovs, Pāvels, and Dace Namsone. "PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN SCIENCE NATIONAL LEVEL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (May 25, 2018): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3215.
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National Centre of Education of the Republic of Latvia in 2016 lunched national project of the renewal of the curriculum for education funded by the European Social Fund. One of the key priorities of successful implementation of the new education curriculum is transforming national level assessment system.Assessment system measuring student performance must meet different requirements from the traditional measurement instrument assessing content knowledge.Analysing 2017 national level science assessment diagnostic tests of 15-16 years old students, it is impossible to discriminate student different level of performance. Student, demonstrating singly stored pieces of knowledge, integrating pieces of knowledge into a coherent system, deriving general principle or transferring understanding to new situations, are assessed the same.The research goal is to analyse 9th grade student performance in national level science diagnostic testing, which measures conceptual understanding by explaining natural phenomena scientifically. This paper describes developing and calibrating measuring instrument assessing student performance according to the cycles of cognitive growth and taxonomy of observed learning outcomes.
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V. KISTION. "INNOVATIVE MODELS OF RESTRUCTURING PROCESSES INFRASTRUCTURAL ENTERPRISES." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 12 (May 21, 2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2017/167371.
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Purpose. In the article substantiate the expediency of application of the restructuring process in a specialized infrastructure cluster of construction enterprises. Methodology. Taking into account all the specifics of the functioning of infrastructure enterprises and the fund-creating role of the construction industry, it is expedient to realization of the infrastructure scheme of the restructuring process. To solve the problem a scheme has been developed that includes the main stages of the restructuring process which correspond and correlate with the technological features of the functioning of infrastructure enterprises in the construction industry. The directions of restructuring determining the technological optimization functional of a particular enterprise or a group of certain region companies are determined. Findings. The analysis of the operational and strategic management of production, the way to develop and make organizational for decisions is preceded for the restructuring. It is also important to take into account the prospects for renewal and improvement of quality, which precedes for the modernization of production and changes in the structure of capital investments, the transformation of the management system. The new management structure should ensure the optimal number of production units, the hierarchy, the balance of the processes of renewal and maintaining the number of personnel. State financial support for restructuring should be make available only to those enterprises that really have the opportunity to provide financing for non-commercial or non-governmental sources. Originality. It was revealed that commercial enterprises, representing potentially profitable commercial projects, under no circumstances should be considered as objects of state support. Practical value. An infrastructure scheme of enterprise restructuring has been developed, which allows taking into account a number of basic conceptual basis of this process.
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V. E. KISTION. "INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF THE RESTRUCTURING PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES OF INFRASTRUCTURAL TYPE." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 11 (December 10, 2017): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2017/158432.
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Purpose. In the article substantiate the expediency of application of the restructuring process in a specialized infrastructure cluster of construction enterprises. Methodology. Taking into account all the specifics of the functioning of infrastructure enterprises and the fund-creating role of the construction industry, it is expedient to realization of the infrastructure scheme of the restructuring process. To solve the problem a scheme has been developed that includes the main stages of the restructuring process which correspond and correlate with the technological features of the functioning of infrastructure enterprises in the construction industry. The directions of restructuring determining the technological optimization functional of a particular enterprise or a group of certain region companies are determined. Findings. The analysis of the operational and strategic management of production, the way to develop and make organizational for decisions is preceded for the restructuring. It is also important to take into account the prospects for renewal and improvement of quality, which precedes for the modernization of production and changes in the structure of capital investments, the transformation of the management system. The new management structure should ensure the optimal number of production units, the hierarchy, the balance of the processes of renewal and maintaining the number of personnel. State financial support for restructuring should be make available only to those enterprises that really have the opportunity to provide financing for non-commercial or non-governmental sources. Originality. It was revealed that commercial enterprises, representing potentially profitable commercial projects, under no circumstances should be considered as objects of state support. Practical value. An infrastructure scheme of enterprise restructuring has been developed, which allows taking into account a number of basic conceptual basis of this process.
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Salmukhanbetova, Zhuldyz, A. A. Imanalinova, L. A. Dimeyeva, and N. E. Zverev. "State of Saxaul Plantations in Kazakhstan’s Section of the Aral Sea Region." Central Asian Journal of Water Research 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cajwr/2020-r1.v7-1/128-157.eng.
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The article aims to assess the survival rate of saxaul plantations on the dry seabed of the Aral Sea (DSAS) and these close to the villages along the original seacoast. Protective black saxaul (Haloxylon ammodendron) plantations on the DSAS were established in the course of 2009-2019 with the grant support of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS), Japan’s environmental funds, UNDP Kazakhstan, as well as under the Grass-Roots Program of the Embassy of Japan in Kazakhstan. During September 1-14, 2020, the target plantation plots at 24 sites adjacent to the villages of Aralkum and Karateren underwent examination, including forest surveying, projected species cover determination, as well as seed regeneration and survival rate assessment. The findings of 2020 revealed the varying condition of target saxaul plantations. Thus, the survival rate of saxaul inside forest plantations ranged between 0.12 and 78.0%. The actual number of saxaul trees varied from 1 (one) to 1,000 per ha on the DSAS and from 888 to 2,633 per ha in Aralkum village. The novelty of the obtained results is due to the fact that they clearly demonstrate that the survival rate and development of forest plantations, as well as saxaul seed self-renewal, above all, depend on the overall ecological conditions at specific sites. Saxaul demonstrated the best survival rate and growth at the sites with sandy loam and saline light loamy soils with sandy cover, and the worst – at the sites with crusty and takyr (dry-type playa) saline soils.
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Ilic, Bogdan, and Ljubivoje Prvulovic. "Osnovne karakteristike druge etape tranzicije u Ruskoj Federaciji - pouke za ostale zemlje." Ekonomski anali 44, no. 158 (2003): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0358127i.
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A post-socialist transition in the Russian Federation started in 1992. Generally speaking, the first stage of post socialistic economic transition in Russia means transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy. The transition processes in Russia have been accompanied by many dilemmas. The main of them is the method of transition: shock therapy and gradualism. The results of transition have been both positive and negative: it depends on the way and radicalism of the changes. The second stage of the Russian transition began after the monetary and financial crisis in August 1998. After that, the renewal of the Russian economy began. This stage had its specific problems. The main of them is related to the repatriation of the Russian capital from abroad. One of the basic components of the transition in Russia is its full involvement in the world economy and in the processes of integration and globalization. One of the ways of realisation is the full Russian cooperation with international organisations, especially with the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization.
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STANISLAVYK, Olena, and Oleksandr KOVALENKO. "Modern problems of fixed capital management of the industrial enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.4.4.
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Introduction. Production activity is impossible without the presence of fixed capital and its basic element – fixed assets, in the operation of which the depreciation fund is formed and the targeted use of depreciation deductions and quality reproduction of fixed assets of the enterprise are positioned to the fore. The importance of this issue increases due to need to enter markets with competitive goods and services, which leads to innovative and active activities of industrial enterprises, which require, above all, significant investments into the fixed assets. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the essence and modern problems of fixed capital management of industrial enterprise. Results. The paper explores the essence of fixed capital management of industrial enterprise and identifies modern key issues in this area facing managers of domestic industrial enterprises. The role of strategic and tactical planning of the process of reproduction of fixed assets in the management of fixed capital of the industrial enterprise and the reasons for its renewal are highlighted. The requirements for the formation of strategy and management system of fixed capital of the industrial enterprise are presented. The stages of formation of the effective strategy of fixed capital management under conditions of the modern market and the basic directions of activity of the industrial enterprise in this sphere are offered. The necessity of implementing the rational depreciation policy and correct revaluation of fixed assets is shown. The importance of using leasing as effective tool for investment and renewal of fixed assets of domestic enterprises of the industrial sector of economy is considered. Conclusion. For the effective management of fixed capital, it is important for industrial enterprises to perform a number of tasks, which involve the development of long-term strategy and tactics for the formation and effective use of fixed assets; determination of fixed capital renewal needs; adequate assessment of the conditions of fixed assets, maintaining the proper conditions of machinery and equipment; implementation of rational depreciation policy; finding acceptable sources of funding for the restoration of fixed capital, as well as finding more efficient ways of using the investment resources. It should allow the industrial enterprise to produce products, which are in demand, and ensure stable competitive positions and high efficiency in the long run.
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Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim, Magdi. "Maintenance and Evaluation of Pavement for Highways." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 22, 2021): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i3.708.
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In-service pavement requires maintenance, it may be routine in nature, or may be major reconstruction. A pavement is designed for an assumed period, after the expiry of the design period, the pavement is likely to fail structurally and therefore, it would require a major renewal to extend it life further. Even within the service life of a pavement, the top wearing course is likely to be subjected to considerable distress due to the movement of vehicles on it. Thus the wearing course needs some routine Maintenance for smooth movements of vehicles over the pavement. The present paper introduces the reader to the Maintenance issues of a pavement. The paper is divided into sections apart from the introduction of which the first section discusses the various forms of distresses of pavement, their possible origin, and their quantification in terms of distress indices, the next two sections deal with the functional and structural evaluation of pavement their techniques , related equipment, and analysis procedures. Remedial measures to extend the longevity of pavement are discussed in the other sections while last section briefly mentions the need for evolving maintenance strategies subjected to possible fund constrains.
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Dmitrieva, O. P. "THE JEWISH LIBRARIES ON THE TERRITORY OF BELARUS BEFORE THE WORLD WAR I." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 63, no. 3 (August 25, 2018): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2018-63-3-297-305.
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The condition and development of the Jewish libraries on the territory of Belarus before the World War I is researched. The author emphasizes that the Jews were one of the biggest ethnic groups in the region; therefore, they influenced cultural and educational processes on the Belarusian territories, including the development of librarianship. Special attention is paid to the quantity of the Jewish population on the Belarusian territories before the World War I (1897– 1914). It is also stressed that the Jews used the oral and written language at a sufficient level: this is an important condition for the development of nation-based libraries. The author analyses the state of the Jewish libraries in Vilno, Vitebsk, Grodno, Minsk and Mogilev provinces. The positive points are as follows: a good number of readers, free access to books outside the libraries as a stimulating measure to increase some interest among visitors, and periodicals reading rooms in some Jewish libraries in Belarus. Some obstacles on the way to the active development of the already existing and newly appearing Jewish libraries are revealed. They are as follows: weak state financial support, untimely book fund renewal, narrow target groups (mostly children and teenagers), non-qualified staff, low level of record management and local authorities’ bans for the registration of new libraries.
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Iheme, John Owuike, James Bassey Effiong, and Samuel Bassey Ekung. "The Effect of Government Policy on Housing Delivery in Nigeria: A Case Study of Port Harcourt Low Income Housing Programme." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 61 (October 2015): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.61.87.
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Housing is one of the most important needs of individuals next to food and clothing. Housing needs for low income earners has reached an alarming stage in Nigeria. On the supply side, numerous government policies have earlier aimed at disabling the massive shortage through numerous housing reform programmes. Despite these preceding efforts, housing remains an illusion to an average Nigerian. This research assessed the effect of government policy on housing delivery in Nigeria. The objectives were to determine housing needs of the low income group in Nigeria and to determine the impact of government policies on affordable housing provision to the low income group. Survey method was used to collect data from 44 respondents through the administration of questionnaires which was analyzed with statistical tools. The findings from the study shows that insufficient fund is closely related to other finance related factors identified as barriers to the accessibility of public housing by the low income group who are non-public servants. Such factors as high interest rate, low per capita income, lack of security of income, lack of collateral and high cost of public houses. The study suggest the creation of a viable secondary mortgage market, improvement of land registration and allocation, compassionate urban renewal programmes, cost saving house designs amongst others.
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Sari, Nita. "Pendayagunaan Dana ZIS Untuk Operasional Ambulance Gratis Di BAZNAS Rembang." ZISWAF : Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/ziswaf.v5i1.3509.
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<p><em><span>The purpose of this study is to find out how the utilization of zakat, infaq and alms in BAZNAS Rembang for free ambulance operation and to know the obstacles and solutions in the implementation of free ambulance operational program in BAZNAS Rembang. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span title="Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dijabarkan secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian lapangan (field research).">This research uses qualitative method described descriptively with field research approach (field research). </span><span title="Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dana ZIS di BAZNAS Rembang diberdayakan melalui program santunan anak yatim dan fakir miskin, perkembangan Islam, beasiswa pendidikan, rehap rumah tidak layak huni, modal bergulir dan ambulance beserta operasionalnya secara gratis.">The results show that ZIS funds in BAZNAS Rembang are empowered through the program of orphan and poor benefit, the development of Islam, educational scholarship, rehap house unfit for habitation, revolving capital and ambulance and its operation for free. </span><span title="Adapun pendayagunaan dana ZIS untuk operasional ambulance gratis di BAZNAS Rembang meliputi sopir, bahan bakar, oli, biaya jalan tol, cuci mobil, penggantian suku cadang, perpanjang STNK, service, dan biaya perbaikan bila terjadi kecelakaan.">The utilization of ZIS fund for free ambulance operation in BAZNAS Rembang includes driver, fuel, oil, toll road cost, car wash, replacement of spare parts, renewal STNK, service, and repair cost in case of accident. </span><span title="Kendala dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan program operasional ambulance gratis di BAZNAS Rembang adalah pendistribusian mobil ambulance yang belum merata, solusi yang harus dilakukan yaitu meningkatkan fundraising dana ZIS untuk menambah jumlah ambulance.">Constraints and solutions in the implementation of the free ambulance operational program in BAZNAS Rembang is the uneven distribution of ambulance cars, the solution that must be done is to increase fundraising of ZIS funds to increase the number of ambulances.</span></span></span></em></p>
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Kvasha, T. K., O. F. Paladchenko, and I. V. Molchanova. "State regulation of innovative activities by the way of financial support of innovative priorities." Science, technologies, innovation, no. 3(11) (2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2019-3-06.
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The article is devoted to the results of the research of the state financial support of strategic priority directions of innovative activity in Ukraine with the purpose of their possible use in substantiation and formation of strategic priorities for 2022–2031. The authors present the results of the conducted scientific work, which show that in 2018 the budget financing of strategic priorities amounted to UAH 291452,83 thousand, which is 12.5 % more than in 2017. It is stated that in the total budget financing of innovation activity, this volume occupies 94.9 %, This is higher than in 2017 and indicates an increase in the efficiency of budget funds used for innovation, as they are directed directly to strategic priorities. Priority 4 “Technological renewal and development of agro-industrial complex” received the largest share (52.6 %) and smallest (1,8 %). – priority 5 “Implementation of new technologies and equipment for quality health care, treatment, pharmaceuticals”. Compared to 2017, budget support for all strategic priorities increased, of which the highest growth was given to priority 7 (ICT) and substantial – priority 2 (transport), which led to a significant increase in the need for innovative ICTs and transport technologies. and some slowdown in the need for innovation in other strategic areas. It is investigated that the overwhelming share of budgetary funds (92.6 %) in 2018, as in previous years, is directed to the implementation of R&D. Expenditures were made from general (0.5 %) and special (99.5 %) funds by three spending units: the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Environment and the NAAS, with the Ministry of Education, as in previous years, providing financial support to all strategic priorities. The share of budget support relative to nominal GDP is estimated to be 0.0082 % in 2018 (0.0087 % in 2017, 0.0082 % in 2016). It is concluded that in 2018 the real state financial support for strategic priorities of innovation activity was realized at the level of 2016, despite the absolute growth of its volumes. It is revealed that the main problem of state regulation of innovation activity through budgetary support of strategic innovation priorities is their insignificant financing from the General Fund of the state budget. To overcome this problem, it is proposed to take into account innovative priorities in the formulation of state orders and government programs, as provided by law.
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An, Ningfei, Yingwei Lin, Sandeep Mahajan, Yong Wang, Andrew Kraft, and Yubin Kang. "Pim1 Serine/Threonine Kinase Regulates the Number and Functions of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2303.2303.
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Abstract Abstract 2303 Background: The genes and pathways that govern the functions and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) remain to be elucidated. Pim (proviral insertion in murine lymphomas) protein kinases are a small family of constitutively active, highly conserved oncogenic serine/threonine kinases and have 3 members: Pim1, Pim2, and Pim3. Currently, little is known about the contribution of each Pim kinase in hematopoiesis. Pim1 was recently found to be important in the regulation of CXCR4 expression in HSCs (Grundler R et al, J. Exp Med 2009, 206:1957). However, the roles of Pim1 in HSC proliferation, self-renewal, and long-term repopulation are unclear. In the current study, we performed detailed hematological and bone marrow transplant studies to address these questions. Methods: We generated Pim1 transgenic (Tx) mice bearing human PIM1 under the control of vav hematopoietic promoter (vav-hPIM1 Tx). Pim1−/−, Pim2−/−, Pim3−/− single knockout (KO) mice were also utilized. We quantified the number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in these mice using flow cytometry, colony forming units (CFUs) and cobblestone area forming cell colonies (CAFCs) assays. In vivo BrdU labeling was performed to determine the proliferation status of long-term HSCs in these mice. CXCR4 expression and the homing of HSCs to bone marrow and spleen were also analyzed. Additionally, we performed noncompetitive, competitive, and serial transplantation assays to examine the role of Pim1, Pim2 and Pim3 in hematological reconstitution in lethally irradiated recipient mice. Finally, a limiting dilution competitive bone marrow transplantation assay using purified long-term HSC cells (Lin− Sca-1+c-kit+ CD34−) was performed to calculate the frequency of active HSCs in vav-hPIM1 Tx and Pim1−/−mice. Results: Conclusion: Our current studies demonstrate a novel role of Pim1 serine/threonine kinase in the regulation of self-renewal, proliferation, and long-term repopulation of HSCs. The functions of Pim1 in hematopoiesis do not overlap with Pim2 or Pim3. Acknowledgment: We thank Richard Peppler at the Hollings Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Core for performing flow cytometry analysis. This work is supported by MUSC Hollings Cancer Center Startup Fund, Hollings Cancer Center ACS IRG, ASCO Conquer Cancer Foundation Career Development Award, NIH 1K08HL 103780–01A1, and NIH 3P30CA138313–01S3. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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de Zwaan, Laura, Mark Brimble, and Jenny Stewart. "Member perceptions of ESG investing through superannuation." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 6, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-03-2014-0017.
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Purpose – Environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks have the potential to negatively impact financial returns, yet few superannuation funds integrate these considerations into their investment selection. The Cooper Review (2010) identified a lack of member demand as a key impediment to ESG investing by superannuation funds. Given this problem, the aim of this study is to explore superannuation fund members’ perceptions of ESG investing by their funds in order to identify reasons for the lack of demand. Design/methodology/approach – An on-line survey was developed and distributed to assess possible reasons why members do not select ESG investment options. In total, 549 Australian superannuation fund members responded to the survey. Findings – Results indicate that the majority of superannuation fund members are interested in ESG investing. Members lack awareness of their fund’s approach to ESG investing, and they do not perceive there to be a financial penalty from ESG investing. Finally, members show a preference for consideration of governance issues over both social and environmental issues. Research limitations/implications – Respondents are well educated and the majority did not choose their superannuation fund. There was no measure of financial literacy included in the research instrument. There is also a general limitation in surveying superannuation fund members when they lack knowledge about superannuation. Practical implications – The results indicate that superannuation members are interested in both superannuation and ESG investing. Given the low take-up of ESG investment options, this finding raises the question of how effectively funds are engaging their members. Social implications – The results should be of interest to superannuation funds and may lead to renewed interest in promoting ESG products. Originality/value – This is the first study to examine superannuation members’ attitudes and behaviours towards ESG investing in the context of superannuation. The study also adds to our understanding of member decision-making in the $1.8 trillion superannuation industry.
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Lehrer, Paul, Doil D. Montgomery, Fred Shaffer, Carmen Russoniello, Michael McKee, Alan Glaros, Aubrey Ewing, David Stumph, Gabriel Tan, and Doil D. Montgomery. "Annual Report for the Foundation for Education and Research in Biofeedback and Related Sciences (FERB, The Foundation)." Biofeedback 39, no. 3 (November 1, 2011): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-39.3.06.
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This last year fund raising efforts were very successful. Several lines of raising funds were utilized. As in the past, individuals gave to The Foundation when they renewed their memberships, and as in the past, members were very generous. The foundation also received a sizable contribution from a state society that dissolved its incorporation.
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Kudrin, A. "Stabilization Fund: Foreign and Russian Experience." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2006): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-2-28-45.
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The article substantiates the necessity of non-renewable resources funds creation in oil exporting countries. It also provides the analysis of results and specific features of fiscal policy as well as of oil export windfall revenues allocation in countries dependent on fluctuations of non-renewables prices. The article contains Russia’s Stabilization Fund effectiveness assessment and provides guidelines for further improvement of its mechanism.
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Martynov, Andrii. "Presidency of Germany in the European Union as factor of development of European integration process (the second half 2020)." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.03.
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The article is devoted to Germany’s presidency in the European Union in the second half of 2020. This was a critical period in the modern history of the process of European integration. Conflicting tendencies emerged during the negotiations on the terms of the Brexit. The budget policy of the European Union required approval. The key tasks of the German presidency were the internal problems of the European Union. But it was not possible to focus exclusively on immanent issues. The pandemic has exacerbated international problems. German diplomacy joined in the settlement of the Greek-Turkish controversy. Germany and France have reached a common position on an agreement on the terms of Britain’s withdrawal from the Brexit. Germany has reached a compromise on the adoption of the European Union budget for the period up to 2027. A large fund was created to support the European economy during the pandemic. Germany has set trends for the development of the European Union’s relations with key partners: the United States, Russia, and China. Germany welcomed Joseph Biden’s victory in the US presidential election. The European Union is considering resuming negotiations on a transatlantic free trade area with the United States. The EU and the US are ready to renew the Euro-Atlantic partnership. The interaction between the EU and the US is designed to protect liberal democracy in the modern world. With the assistance of Germany, the European Union has signed an investment agreement with China. Beijing has pledged to introduce social security guarantees and limit human rights abuses. Russia’s authoritarian threats remain a challenge to the European integration process. During Germany’s presidency of the European Union, the results of the presidential election in Belarus and the poisoning of Russian opposition politician Alexei Navalny became conflicting issues. The German presidency was successful. In the internal policy of the European Union it was possible to form a strategy of ecological renewal of the European economy. The success of the environmental modernization of the EU economy systematically depends on the internal capacity of elites and European societies to implement this course and on the favorable balance of power in a globalized world.
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Meidner, Rudolf. "Renewal Funds: A Swedish Innovation." Economic and Industrial Democracy 8, no. 2 (May 1987): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x8782006.
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Enksson, Arne H., and Arne Nilsson. "Renewal Funds Implementation, Evaluation, Distrbution." Economic and Industrial Democracy 10, no. 3 (August 1989): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x89103008.
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Eriksson, Arne H., Arne Nilsson, and Bengt H. Ohisson. "Renewal Funds A Final Account." Economic and Industrial Democracy 12, no. 4 (November 1991): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x91124009.
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Peseta, Tai. "Special Edition: Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice Editorial 9.3." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 9, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.9.3.1.
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This Special Edition of JUTLP is unique in that it examines a single university's approach to curriculum reform, providing insights from many of the people who were engaged in the process. At La Trobe University in Australia the mechanism for engaging in discussions at a university level has been encapsulated in an institutional strategy known as Design for Learning (DfL) (La Trobe University 2009). From 2007, former Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic) Belinda Probert and former Pro ViceChancellor (Curriculum and Academic Planning) Tom Angelo, led an exciting and edgy curriculum change initiative intended to build on La Trobe’s learning and teaching strengths, while simultaneously building a systems focus for ensuring curriculum quality and renewal. The blueprint for the DfL described its principles thus: “ … highlight[ing] breadth of choice, equity, flexibility (options), learning centred-ness, research and evidence based decision making, a systems focus (rather than making individuals responsible for things they do not control), and support (resources)” (La Trobe University 2009, p. 7). With goodwill, energy and a profound sense that ‘something needed to be done’, in the early years of the DfL, the university was alive with fresh talk of curriculum, teaching and student learning galvanised by new leadership, a commitment to evidence-based change, resources to fund curriculum innovation, together with the promise of reward and recognition. Imagine the scene: committees and communities spring up to think together about complex pedagogical issues, spirited discussion takes place, departments and faculties share resources and good practices, new staff are brought on board with responsibility to make things happen. The 7 papers represented here describe both large and small curriculum change initiatives – some funded by the university and others done out of love, curiosity and interest.
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KOLOSOVA, Viktoriia. "Trends in the transformation of Bretton-Wood organizations in global space." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2020, no. 8 (October 23, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2020.08.072.
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The article highlights the historical aspects and preconditions for the creation of the International Monetary Fund (the IMF) and the World Bank, which since 1944 have been the most influential international financial organizations and have played the role of the world's largest creditors. The essence of the transformations of their activity caused by the phenomena of the new economic reality is revealed. The solution to the problems of financial stability on a global scale in the postwar period by the United States and the newly created the IMF was to peg national currencies to the US dollar in the Fund's arbitration. The events related to the crisis of the Bretton Woods system of single fixed exchange rates and the irreversible disruptions in the world circulation of oil and its derivatives in the 1970s were important reasons for changing the principles of the world monetary and financial system towards the introduction of free exchange. At the same time, due to the intensification of domestic trade and investment, there were abrupt outpacing transformations of the economies of the south-eastern part of the Asian continent. Following the irreversible events involving the collapse of the socialist camp, support for reform programs in transition economies has been added to the IMF's targets. The activities of the World Bank under the impact of these total changes were also significantly renewed. Further, the IMF and the World Bank began to work more closely, integrating anti-crisis approaches and measures, while remaining a universally recognized instrument of stabilization in the global dimension. The activities of the Bretton Woods organizations are aimed at assisting the governments of developing countries in implementing market economic policies to protect the rights of all forms of ownership, modernize institutional structures, achieve financial balance, and improve the social situation of all segments of the population. It is concluded that in order to ensure sustainable development, the strategic renewal of the IMF and the World Bank provides for the expansion of quotas to support structural reform programs, improve the allocation of credit and financial resources, support opportunities to meet the needs of socio-economic systems, develop human capital and efforts for solving macroeconomic problems, etc. The directions of impact of these international financial institutions on solving actual problems concerning climate change, displays of corruption, overcoming inequality, resistance to threats of destabilization, struggle against a pandemic of a coronavirus disease of COVID-19 are defined.
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B, Baruah, and Kakati M. "Pricing and financing of infrastructure projects; the challenge before the indian policymakers." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 106–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2014.12.
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Ever since the economic reforms started two decades ago, India has been trying to lead the developing nations in terms of building their infrastructure. The challenge of government‟s fund constraint has been tried to put behind by allowing flow of funds from private sources with regulatory control in government own hand. However, with the global economic crisis that had knocked heavily at the doors of Indian economy too during last couple of years, it was found that developmental bottlenecks for infrastructure sector has escalated in spite of the best efforts by the government.Arranging of Debt and equity capitals are major financial investment concerns for infrastructure developers today. While studies reveal that issues like land acquisition, utility shifting, discrepancies in DPR, state support agreements, dispute resolutions are still considered to be critical for an infrastructure development projects, more recently the loose ends at the financial structures of many projects are posing as more vulnerable threats. Especially in the period of economic recession, the financial organizations have tightened their hands and as a result project cash flows are affected at halfway round. As the investment retrieval periods are going to be prolonged, the investors are facing uncertainty on their assured return. The commercial banks which had already reached their sectarian limits; still tried to backed promoters with decent track records, with clearances in place and well defined business plans. However, very few projects could achieve financial closure during past two years. The participation rates in recent biddings of PPP projects are also not encouraging, especially in Highway sector. More recently, there have been reports of NHAI favoring for moving back to the old EPC mode. Salient features of few case studies of Indian projects have highlighted that there is no project specific debt equity ratio and it may differ from project to project. Study by the authors also reveals that availability of debt in India is Sector specific and projects are still being supported with generous government grant varying upto 70% in case of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) schemes. However, the principal concern remains for retrieval of at least 20% return on the investment by the private party. A fair bidding, a robust agreement and the well planned pre-constructional activities can be beneficial to all the stack holders of the infrastructure development project. But whatever be the planning, with the complexity of multiple issues involved for choice of funds,one has to keep in mind that investments in infrastructures are non-recourse in nature. At the same time the sharing of responsibilities in a pre-framed manner proves to be successful in many occasions for the participants concerned and reflect a win-win situation for all.
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Xiao, Yaping, Haishu Qiao, and Ting Xie. "Open-End Funds for Sustainable Economic Growth in China: The Relationship between Load Fees, Performance, and Flows." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 6514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226514.
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The financial market, including the fund market, has an increasingly important role in facilitating sustainable economic development. In this study, we examine whether investors react rationally to fund fees through the investigation of the impact of fee structures on investor behavior with open-end funds in China. We aim to determine whether performance influences the effect of the load fee on fund flows. Based on panel data that contained 240 open-end funds for the period of 2008 to 2017, we offer insight into the relationship between fee structure and the flow of open-end funds in China and find that investors react more sensitively to the load fee than operating expenses. Specifically, the coefficients of operating expenses were found to be insignificant in all regression analyses, while almost all the coefficients of load fees were statistically significant. In addition, our findings indicate that the load fee decreases net flow mainly through increasing redemption, and high load fees can make investors more rational to redeem funds with low performance. High load fees can influence investors to sell funds that perform worse in moderately performing funds, where a high load fee can increase investors’ rationality and motivate them to sell funds, resulting in the mitigation of the disposition effect. We also find that investors in larger funds and aggressive growth funds, as well as those who invest with institutional investors and higher liquidity, react more insensitively to load fees, which can be illustrated by the distraction effect.
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Yang, Zhenshan. "Threshold Effect of Poverty Alleviation Funds on Human Capital Accumulation: A Case Study of Impoverished Counties in China." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030809.
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Studies have shown that the effectiveness of poverty alleviation funds is not always as intended; hence, there is an urgent need for researchers and policy makers to study the relationship between such funds and their impact on endogenous growth dynamics. This study focuses on the impact of these funds on human capital accumulation, which is an important driver of endogenous economic growth, and analyzes whether there is a threshold level for the efficacy of funds in countering poverty. This study examines the relationship between the Chinese government’s fund transfers to key poverty-stricken counties and the level of human capital in these regions by employing a fixed-effect threshold panel regression model on data from 592 counties from 2002 to 2015. Our study finds that the Chinese government’s fund transfers for poverty alleviation display a significant threshold effect. When funds are less than RMB 1291 per capita, there is a significant effect on local economic development; once this threshold is exceeded, there is a significant inhibitory effect instead. When the amount exceeds RMB 4469 per capita, fund transfers once again stimulate economic growth. This study enriches the theoretical understanding of the complex relationship between the use of funds in poverty-stricken areas and their impact on endogenous growth dynamics. It also provides useful suggestions for the effective use of poverty alleviation funds.
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Cui, Tiantian, Erica Hlavin Bell, Joseph McElroy, Kevin Liu, Pooja Manchanda Gulati, Benjamin Johnson, Ebin Sebastian, et al. "CSIG-30. miR-146a INHIBITS TUMORIGENESIS AND INDUCES TEMOZOLOMIDE SENSITIVITY VIA AFFECTING CANCER STEM CELL PROPERTIES IN GBM." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.200.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive primary brain tumors, with an average survival time of less than 15 months. miRNAs are emerging as promising and novel biomarkers in GBM. The aims of this study are: 1) to investigate novel miRNAs biomarkers that affect tumorigenesis and therapeutic sensitivity, and 2) to study the underlying molecular mechanisms in GBM. METHODS Nanostring v3 was performed followed by univariable (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) analyses. Functional studies were conducted to define the role of miR-146a in GBM tumorigenesis and therapeutic response and the molecular mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS UVA analyses demonstrated that miR-146a is one of the top miRNAs that correlated with better prognosis in GBM patients (p=9.21E-05), which was independent of MGMT promoter methylation by MVA analyses (p< 0.001). miR-146a expression was significantly downregulated in recurrent GBM tumors compared with the paired primary GBM tumors (p=0.003). Overexpression of miR-146a significantly inhibited tumor cell growth and sensitized patient-derived primary GBM cells to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment in vitro, and showed statistically significant smaller tumor size (p< 0.01) and prolonged survival (p=0.001) in vivo. In addition, miR-146a is downregulated in glioma cancer stem cells, and overexpression of miR-146a significantly affected glioma cancer stem cell self-renewal. We also found that overexpression of miR-146a significantly inhibited the NF-κB, AKT, and ERK pathways. CONCLUSION Our data suggest, for the first time, that miR-146a predicts favorable prognosis for GBM patients and sensitizes primary GBM cells to TMZ treatment in vitro and in vivo through regulating glioma stem cells. Importantly, miR-146a may prove to be a master switch shutting off AKT, NF-κB, as well as other pathways and may overcome redundancies among these pathways leading to resistance. FUNDING: Bohnenn Fund (to PR), R01CA108633, R01CA169368, U10CA180850-01(NCI), Brain Tumor Funders Collaborative Grant, and The Ohio State University CCC (all to AC).
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Nikolaeva, A. A. "PROBLEMS OF REMOVING ACER NEGUNDO L. AS ALIENT INVASIVE SPECIES IN MOSCOW." Landscape architecture in the globalization era, no. 4 (2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2020-4-20-31.
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On the territories of Moscow, Acer negundo L. (ash-leaved maple) occupies large areas and is one of the first places in terms of quantity among other species. It is recognized as an alient invasive breed for Central Russia. Invasive species pose a threat to natural flora, therefore, their distribution and number must be controlled. There are decrees for the removal of this breed in Moscow, but the number of plants in the city does not decrease, and new specimens continue to be planted. The article discusses the features of the legislation regarding the removal of A.negundo as an invasive species on the territories of the green fund of Moscow, as well as the biological features of this species that complicate the removal of specimens and the management of its coppice and seed renewal. According to the regulations established in Moscow, in the territories occupied by green plants, since the ash-leaved one should be gradually removed from the territory, since old specimens are gradually cut down (if they are affected by diseases and pests, dead or emergency), do not plant new trees of this species recommended. In practice, the number of trees does not decrease, and the rapid growth of self-sowing leads to the fact that in a short time the self-sown plant goes into the category of “tree”, which cannot be removed. In natural areas, for A.negundo, felling, uprooting, annual removal of growing shoots and of juvenile specimens are envisaged. Due to biological characteristics (multi-trunk, extensive root system, high ability to grow overgrowth after cutting the trunk, high germination of seeds and their spread over long distances), these measures for the removal of the species are insufficient. In particular, uprooting leads to a violation of the integrity of the biocenosis, and often it is impossible to carry out it. Without the development of a complex of forestry and chemical control measures, the withdrawal of the invasive species A.negundo from the plantations is impossible.
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Arefeen, Saiful, and Koji Shimada. "Performance and Resilience of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) and Conventional Funds during Different Shocks in 2016: Evidence from Japan." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020540.
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Socially responsible investing (SRI) reap the benefits of a social consensus and is often presented as a solution to conciliate finance and sustainable development. This article investigates the performance and resilience of both socially responsible and conventional funds listed in the Japan Investment Trust Association (JITA) during two economic shocks (the U.S. election and Brexit) in 2016. To see the immediate reaction in fund performance around different shocks, an event study with market model using ordinary least square (OLS), an event study with market model using exponential generalized autoregressive heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) and an event study with Fama–French multi-factor model was used to avoid common features of return data such as non-normality, heteroscedasticity, and cross-correlation. This study found that the recent U.S. election had a significant positive effect whereas the Brexit referendum event had a significant negative shock on fund returns in Japan around the event window. It is evident from the empirical findings that, compared to conventional funds, socially responsible funds were more resilient to uncertainty around the recent U.S. presidential election whereas conventional funds were more sensitive during the Brexit referendum. The important implications of these findings are the optimal strategies of institutional or individual investors who have direct or indirect exposure to the fund volatility risk in Japan.
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Budsaratragoon, Pornanong, and Boonlert Jitmaneeroj. "Fund Ratings of Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) Funds: A Precautionary Note." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 7548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147548.
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We examine fund ratings of socially responsible investing (SRI) equity funds in emerging and developed markets by validating the assumptions of the equally weighted U.S. News mutual fund scorecard and the causal interrelations among its rating agencies—Morningstar, Lipper, Zacks, CFRA and TheStreet—for improvement priorities. In so doing, we apply a novel interdisciplinary methodology including cluster analysis, classification analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling and importance performance analysis. We find evidence against the U.S. News assumptions, as individual rating agencies have unequal effects and exhibit the causal relationships among one another. We suggest emerging (developed) market fund managers allocate their resources—which are often limited—with the first priority to improving fund ratings of CFRA (Zacks), followed by Zacks (CFRA), TheStreet (Lipper), Lipper (Morningstar) and Morningstar (TheStreet). The positive causal relationships among rating agencies indicates that investors consider multiple rating agencies of the U.S. News for investment decisions, rather than simply use any single one of these rating agencies or their equally weighted aggregation. Interestingly, we find disagreement among rating agencies, with Zack (TheStreet) displaying rating deflation for emerging (developed) market funds. Disagreement among rating agencies may increase the monitoring effort of fund managers who usually “shop” for additional ratings in the hope of maximizing their average ratings.
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Santamarta, Juan C., Mª Dolores Storch de Gracia, Mª Ángeles Huerta Carrascosa, Margarita Martínez-Núñez, Celia de las Heras García, and Noelia Cruz-Pérez. "Characterisation of Impact Funds and Their Potential in the Context of the 2030 Agenda." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116476.
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The European Union has incorporated impact investment through two action plans: the Social Entrepreneurship Initiative and the Investment Plan for Europe. These financing tools seek to fund economic growth and promote job creation. Among the different measures carried out, the regulatory framework for impact investment funds stands out, under which the denomination, European Social Entrepreneurship Fund, is established to designate investment funds focused on social enterprises with the objective of generating a positive impact. It is possible to affirm that the creation of a solid impact intermediation infrastructure, by connecting both sides of supply and demand, is a critical aspect for the development and effective functioning of the impact market. Special importance is given to impact funds capable of attracting private capital. In order to categorise the different impact funds according to the most relevant aspects, a proposal form for the characterisation of impact funds has been drawn up and has been applied to a particular case. The presentation of Creas will allow for contextualising the practices that impact funds carry out and facilitate the general understanding of the article through a specific example that is considered successful in Spain.
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Boumda, Beatrice, Darren Duxbury, Cristina Ortiz, and Luis Vicente. "Do Socially Responsible Investment Funds Sell Losses and Ride Gains? The Disposition Effect in SRI Funds." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 8142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158142.
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An increasing percentage of the total net assets under professional management is devoted to ethical investments. Socially responsible investment (SRI) funds have a dual objective: building an investment strategy based on environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) screens and providing financial returns to investors. In the current study, we investigate whether this dual objective has an influence on the behavior of mutual fund managers in the realization of gains and losses. Evidence has shown that most investors in SRI funds invest in those funds primarily because of their social concerns. If the motivations of SRI managers align with those of SRI investors, SRI managers might then have more incentives than conventional managers to hold onto losing stocks if they feel their social value compensates for the economic loss. We hypothesize that SRI managers would be less prone to the disposition effect than conventional managers. Pertaining to the disposition effect, we do not find evidence of a difference in the behavior of SRI fund managers compared with that of conventional fund managers. Our results hold, even when considering market trends, management structure, gender, and prior performance.
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Rijssenbeek, Winfried. "Trust fund for renewable energy in Peru." Energy for Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (May 1996): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60174-x.
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Badea, Leonardo, Daniel Armeanu, Iulian Panait, and Ştefan Gherghina. "A Markov Regime Switching Approach towards Assessing Resilience of Romanian Collective Investment Undertakings." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 3, 2019): 1325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051325.
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This paper explores the sensitivity of Romanian collective investment undertakings’ returns to changes in equity, fixed income and foreign exchange market returns. We use a sample of 80 open-end investment funds and pension funds with daily returns between 2016 and 2018. Our methodology consists of measuring changes in the daily conditional volatility for the fund returns (EGARCH) and changes in their conditional correlation with selected market risk factors (DCC MV-GARCH) throughout different volatility regimes identified using a Markov Regime Switching model. We argue that, on average, the level of conditional correlations between funds and market risk factors remained stable and unconcerned by the volatility regimes. In addition, for only less than half of the funds in the sample, their volatility regimes were synchronized with those of the selected market risk factors. We found that, on average, fund returns are more correlated with equity returns and less correlated with changes in local bond yields, while not being significantly influenced by changes in foreign bond yields or changes in foreign exchange. During the period investigated equity returns were the most volatile while the funds returns volatility were, on average, much more reduced. Overall, our results show the resilience of the Romanian collective investment sector to the selected market risk factors, during the investigated period.
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Ivanisevic Hernaus, Ana. "Exploring the strategic variety of socially responsible investment." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 545–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-07-2018-0182.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to segment and profile socially responsible investment (SRI) funds based on investment strategies they use. Specifically, the paper investigates how different SRI strategies are applied and how they are related to fund-level characteristics, with the goal of recognising their potential dominant combinations in SRI practice. Design/methodology/approach Cluster analysis was complemented with one-way ANOVA to classify 147 SRI funds from 11 European countries into different groups based on the diversification (number and type) and application (intensity of usage) of the investment strategies. Discriminant analysis and chi-square tests were conducted to profile the clusters. Financial performance was examined by running multiple hierarchical regression and dominance analyses to determine meaningfulness of particular investment strategies within each of the SRI fund clusters. Findings Three basic SRI fund clusters were recognised: strong-intensity strategic heterogeneity, weak-intensity strategic heterogeneity and weak-intensity strategic homogeneity. The combination of SRI strategies used in the weak-intensity strategic homogeneity cluster significantly explained the variance in mid-term financial returns. Practical implications Fund managers may use these results to make more informed investment decisions on the selection and the application of SRI strategies. Social implications Financial industry has significant and broad and not only economic but also social implications. This research effort results in better understanding of the SRI universe, potentially leading to a broader consideration of the societal impact of financial investment. Originality/value The author provided useful insights into existing bundles of SRI strategies used in the European SRI market, recognised dominant investment strategies within SRI strategy portfolios and reported how strategic variety is related to fund-level characteristics.