Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Renunciation'

Based on Harold Pinter&#039<br>s three plays &ldquo<br>The Homecoming,&rdquo<br>&ldquo<br>The Caretaker&rdquo<br>and &ldquo<br>The Dumb Waiter,&rdquo<br>the aim of this study is to explore the idea that an individual cannot be a speaking member of the Symbolic Order, thus of the society unless s/he obeys the prohibitions/commands of language, a concept on which both Pinter and Lacan put great emphasis in their own vision. For Pinter human beings lead a life controlled by some unknown powers and build a disastrous subjective world devoid of linguistic competence. As for Lacan, language imprisons, castrates and pushes the subject into a claustrophobic world, which is portrayed strikingly by Pinter. The result is equally impressive<br>for Lacan: neurosis or psychosis, oscillating between the Orders/Registers of the Symbolic, Imaginary and Real, not possessing an assigned role in the community, and for Pinter: an absurd world where there is no meaning but a sense of loss. Lacan&rsquo<br>s explanation for the reasons of this absurd world focuses on two significant factors : the m(O)ther, who meets the basic needs in the Imaginary Order/stage of infancy and who introduces the Father to the child, and the Father, who will enable the child to obey the prohibitions of language, and thus to secure the child&rsquo<br>s adulthood. Throughout the study the points which will be highlighted are as follows: the characteristics of the absurd drama, the place of Harold Pinter in the contemporary theatre and the justification of a Lacanian reading, subjectivity&rsquo<br>s constitution.

Part I presents a systematic presentation of what is termed 'the Wittgensteinian position', broken down into eight theses, each of which is thought of as intrinsic to self-renouncing faith. Part II consists of three case-studies examining the conception of self-renouncing faith found in the works of Francois Mauriac, Georges Bernanos, and Patrick White. Distinct divergencies from many of the Wittgensteinian theses are unearthed. Part III traces the roots of each of the Wittgensteinian theses to their sitz im leben in a strain of neo-Romanticism centred on securing independence of the world. Connections are made to Tolstoy, Emerson, Rilke, Trakl and Von Hofmannsthal. Part IV argues that each case study in Part II runs counter to the Wittgensteinian position in one of three ways: (1) not having some theses which are proposed by the Wittgensteinian position to be intrinsic to self-renouncing faith; (2) deeming some theses which are proposed by the Wittgensteinian position to be intrinsic to self-renouncing faith as either (2.1) not inherently selfrenouncing or (2.2) actually incompatible with the understanding of selfrenunciation exemplified in the case-study; (3) having a different logical structure to its model of self-renouncing belief from that of the Wittgensteinian position. Points (1), (2) and (3), and particularly points (2.1) and (2.2), suggest that self-renouncing faith is not the unitary phenomenon assumed by the Wittgensteinian position. The casestudies represent three distinct models of self-renouncing faith. These models have no place for the self-concern that characterises the Weltbild of self-concern with which the Wittgensteinian position is impregnated. There follows a broad discussion of the implications of the above findings for the Wittgensteinian position, including Wittgenstein's status as a religious thinker, the way a descriptivist methodology should be understood, the blanket exclusion of the metaphysical from religious belief and the over-simple portrayal of religious belief as a conceptual orientation to the world.

This thesis explores the philosophical and theological motivations for early Christian celibacy prior to the appearance of monasticism. This thesis will challenge recent scholarly positions that portray early Christian celibacy only in light of the emergence of monasticism in the fourth century, and which argue that celibacy as an ascetic practice was motivated primarily by resistance to the dominant social structures of antiquity. The practice of celibacy was a significant movement in the early church well before the appearance of monasticism or the development of Christianity as the dominant social force in the empire, and although early Christian sexual austerity was similar to the sexual ethics of Greco-Roman philosophical constructs, early Christian sexual ethics had developed in relation to uniquely Christian theological and cosmological views. Moreover, a segment of the early Christian community idealized celibacy as an expression of the transformation of human nature amidst a community that continued to remain sexually austere in general.<br>vi, 267 leaves ; 29 cm.

This study examines auto/biographical, theoretical, critical, literary, and dramatic works by and about LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka, primarily focusing on the eruption of “Hate Whitey” sentiment and rhetoric that characterized a decadelong cultural nationalist phase of the henceforth self-declaredly Black poet-playwright's career. As a black militant, LeRoi Jones left his white wife and other white associates in Greenwich Village, moved to Harlem, changed his name to Amiri Baraka, converted to Islam, and started the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School. This thesis contends that Baraka's Black Arts Movement era plays emphasize negation of the value of white women and gay men, who had formed his most intimate prior cohorts, and use extreme imagery to malign, belittle, and abjure representatives of both groups as evil, ridiculous, and disgusting archetypes in an attempt to affirm the political stance of the author and preempt doubt about his level of commitment to his chosen cause during that period. Through these plays written from the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, Baraka denies his own personal history and appears to protest too much the virtues of corrective Afrocentric relationships which his works fail to affirm as much as he condemns their alternatives. However, after the purgative effect of these revolutionary works, Baraka's evolution arrived at a place where he could once again acknowledge and promote a diverse equality that included respect for the partners and peers he had abnegated. Conclusions of this research suggest connections between the personal implications of Baraka's individual journey and prominent themes stressed in the broader field of identity politics. ?<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>Theatre<br>Arts and Humanities<br>Theatre

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.<br>Additional advisors: Sue Kim, Christopher Metress, Kieran Quinlan. Description based on contents viewed June 4, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).

Religion<br>Ph.D.<br>This study brings excerpts from the Acts of Thomas (Act 1.11-16 and Act 3.30-33) together with two Buddhist jātakas (Udaya Jātaka - #458 and Visavanta Jātaka -#69) to consider how stories might have been transmitted in the early centuries of the common era in a milieu of mercantile exchange on the Indian Ocean. The Acts of Thomas is a 3rd century CE Syriac Christian text concerned with the apostle Thomas proselytizing in India. The jātakas are popular didactic narratives with a pronounced oral dimension that purport to be accounts of the Buddha’s previous lives. Syriac Christians possessed knowledge about Indian religious practices linked to renunciation, and it is plausible that they adapted Buddhist jātakas to convey Christian ideas in the account of Thomas journeying to India and converting people there. Epigraphic evidence from the western Deccan in India attests to yavana, or Greek, patronage of Buddhist institutions in cosmopolitan settings where ideas and commodities circulated. Against the grain in scholarship on early Christianity that tends to privilege Latin and Greek sources, this project moves the lens of analysis eastward to consider Indian influence on early Christianity as expressed in the Acts of Thomas. A literary comparison of the texts under consideration with reference to the historical and cultural context of exchange reveals similar models of renunciant practices in Buddhism and Christianity that establishes new grounds for consideration of interconnectivity across ‘East’ and ‘West.’<br>Temple University--Theses

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KellenAraujo.pdf: 1529695 bytes, checksum: 095167119ba0c9624180097471cad0ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-07<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The purpose of this research is to analyze the work the Acts of Paul and Thecla, focusing on the importance of sexual abstinence for womens leadership. A topic that was essential for women to conquer their space and power in society and this way get to make their voice heard, even though not as considerable. By examining the Apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla, its main characteristics and composition can be observed, also with its origin and interpretation by communities and leaders in the beginning of Christianity. Sought to portray this research, justifying the Greek romance, presenting their similarities with the Acts of Paul and Thecla and thus highlight the influence of Greek writing on the apocryphal text in its way of structuring. It was presented the definitions of sexual abstinence, leadership and martyrdom always stressing themes with the figure of the woman, addressing the issue of the body and society and demonstrating how these themes inspired speeches in early Christianity. Referring to the writings of Acts Apocrypha, we present the origin of communities of celibate women who influenced the writing of texts, reporting why the Acts were written and how they were disseminated in other communities. About martyrdom it was described its origins and how Christians saw in this action an approach to God and how martyrdom prepared Theclas life to become an agent of Gods word.<br>O propósito desta pesquisa é analisar a obra os Atos de Paulo e Tecla, focando na importância da renúncia sexual para a liderança da mulher. Tema este que se tornou fundamental para que as mulheres conseguissem conquistar seu espaço e poder diante da sociedade e assim conseguir fazer com que sua voz fosse ouvida, mesmo que de forma não tão considerável. Ao examinar os Apócrifos Atos de Paulo e Tecla, pôde-se observar suas principais características e composição, apresentando sua origem e interpretação pelas comunidades e pelos líderes do início do cristianismo. Buscou-se nesta pesquisa retratar e fundamentar o romance grego, apresentando suas similaridades com os Atos de Paulo e Tecla, e desta maneira destacar a influência do escrito grego sobre o texto apócrifo em sua forma de estruturação. Apresentamos as definições sobre a renúncia sexual, liderança e martírio sempre destacando os temas com a figura da mulher, abordando a questão do corpo e a sociedade e demonstrando como estes temas inspiraram os discursos no início do cristianismo. Referente aos escritos dos Atos Apócrifos, apresentamos a origem das comunidades de mulheres celibatárias, que influenciaram a escrita dos textos, relatando o motivo pelo qual os Atos foram escritos e como foram disseminados nas outras comunidades. Sobre o martírio, descrevemos suas origens e como os cristãos viam nessa ação uma aproximação com Deus, e como o martírio preparou a vida de Tecla para que ela se tornasse uma anunciante da palavra de Deus.

L'expérience du passage à la retraite paraît susceptible d'induire le trouble sur la scène psychique de bien des femmes. Souvent l'objet d'une chère attente associé au mérite et à la délivrance, la retraite professionnelle marque aussi l'avancée en âge et ne peut donc être pensée sans les problématiques qu'engage la traversée du vieillissement. À l'appui de 28 entretiens de recherche réalisés auprès de femmes retraitées, âgées entre 60 et 66 ans, cette thèse se propose d'appréhender tant la complexité que la singularité du travail psychique réclamé par cette expérience de passage. Cette recherche montre que le traitement psychique de l'arrivée à la retraite est tributaire de l'organisation psychique. Par ailleurs, certains effets associés au statut hiérarchique occupé durant l'exercice professionnel permettent également d'approcher les modalités spécifiques de désinvestissement de l'« objet-travail » et de la « scène professionnelle ». Enfin, parce qu'il est susceptible de bouleverser tant les repères que les places investies par la femme, l'accès à la retraite semble pleinement re-convoquer certaines problématiques psychiques inhérentes au travail d'adolescence, offrant parfois l'occasion de l'approfondir. Cette thèse cherche à promouvoir une réflexion sur le travail de culture et la « mise en partage » de ses objets<br>Experiencing transition to retirement seems likely to induce disorder on many women's psychic scenes. As often happens, retiring from one's job is the focus of cherished expectations associated to merit and deliverance. Yet, it also portends getting on in years: it cannot therefore be envisaged without dealing with the problems incurred by coping with age. In support of 28 research interviews conducted with 60 to 66-year old retired women, this thesis aims to understand both the complexity and singularity of the psychic work required by such transitioning experience. This research shows that the mental processing of reaching retirement-age depends on the person's emotional organization. In addition, some effects associated with the hierarchical status enjoyed by women during a busy professional career also make it possible to approach the specific modalities of disinvesting the "work-object" and the "professional scene". Lastly -- since it is likely to upset both their grounding and the spheres conquered by women -- reaching retirement seems to fully reconvene some psychological problems inherent in adolescence work, sometimes providing the opportunity of deepening it. This thesis seeks to promote a reflection on working at cultural level and "setting up ways of sharing" its objects

La thèse porte sur deux écrivains français contemporains, Michel Houellebecq et Philippe Djian. Leur étude comparée, qui s'articule autour de la notion de renoncement, vise à mettre en lumière une modalité d'intertextualité contre-intuitive : une intertextualité restrictive. Chez Philippe Djian, l'influence houellebecquienne se traduit en effet par un effacement progressif de la singularité originelle au profit de la diffusion d'un discours et d'une posture diamétralement opposés à l'ambition initiale : dans ces conditions, l'intertextualité s'apparente davantage à une déférence contrainte et contraignante envers un succès artistique normatif<br>This thesis is about two french contemporary writters : Michel Houellecq and Phillipe Djian. A comparative study of their work, mostly based on the notion of renunciation, shows an unexpected modality of intertextuality : a restrictive intertextuality. Michel Houellebecq's influence on Philippe Djian leads to the progressive erasure of an original singularity, replaced by a radically opposed vision of the world which contradicts the initial ambition : in these conditions, the intertextuality appears to be constraining

L'objet de cette recherche vise à interroger les répercussions psychologiques d’une confrontation à un risque de mort pour des sujets engagés dans un corps d’Armée. Il s’agit d’interroger la souffrance psychique de jeunes militaires qui côtoient la mort lorsque survient un événement à valeur traumatique lors d’une mission à l’étranger (Afghanistan). Cette réflexion métapsychologique, qui prend appui sur de nombreux travaux consacrés au traumatisme et à l’adolescence, se centre sur les réaménagements narcissiques et identitaires à l’issue du double processus d’adolescence : s’identifier, se différencier. Un traumatisme de guerre (blessure physique et/ou psychique) pourrait réactualiser d'anciens événements traumatiques du processus d'adolescence, de ce qui n'est pas advenu dans le processus d'adolescence. À partir de sept situations cliniques, nous avons suivi les mouvements, les balancements, les fléchissements, les tourbillons d’une réalité psychique qui s’exprime dans ses profondeurs atemporelles, anhistoriques, morceaux qu’il faut rassembler, étayer, pour saisir une globalité de l’être en souffrance. C’est tolérer la répétition d’un texte qui « s’écrie » d’abord à l’oral dans ses silences, là où se joue la rencontre avec la mort. Ce dernier, en attente d’une inscription, d’un « faire-trace » qui ne se confond pas avec la remémoration, mélange d'affects exprimés au présent d'un « instemps T » des événements traumatiques passés, des réminiscences, doit être entendu dans sa mouvance aussi infime soit-elle jusqu'au déploiement du symbolique en attente d'une mise au travail, d’un travail de deuil, d’un travail de renoncement et d’un travail de troc ou de penser pourquoi cela échoue. Ainsi, comment le sujet blessé peut-il survivre à une effraction traumatique ? Quels mécanismes peuvent se mettre en place pour parer à un effondrement psychique ? Quelles motivations conscientes et inconscientes peuvent pousser un sujet, à l'issue de l'adolescence, à s'engager dans un « corps » d’Armée ? Un engagement dans un « corps » d’Armée constitue-t-il une « voix » de réélaboration d'un vécu traumatique ancien ? Peut-il permettre un travail de deuil ainsi qu’un travail de troc des anciennes représentations vécues comme mortifères et persécutoires contre de nouvelles représentations sources de vie et une relance des processus psychiques lorsqu'ils ont été enrayés ?<br>The purpose of this research is to analyse the psychological impacts of a confrontation with a risk of fatalities to subjects engaged in an Army corps. This study wants to question the psychological suffering of young adults soldiers who encounter death when an event value traumatic mission abroad in Afghanistan. This metapsychological thinking focuses on the proposed redevelopment narcissistic and identity at the end of the process of adolescens bearing on the current work, contemporary and older on the twin processes of adolescence : to identify and differentiate. A war trauma (physical and/or psychical wound) can also refresh old traumatic events linked that wich doesn’t happen in adolescence. From seven clinical situations, we have followed the movements, balancing, slowdowns, whirlpool of a psychical reality expressed in timeless depths, a-historical, pieces of history we need to unite, to support, to comprehend the overall suffering subject. As well as, how the subject can survive a traumatic break ? What psychological mechanisms can be put in place to deal with a mental collapse ? What are the motivations for a conscious or unconscious commitment to the Army at the end of the adolescens ? Does commitment to the military give a « voice » to the re-development of a former traumatic experience ? How can one come to terms with the horrors experienced in a traumatic military career and exchange the mortiferous experiences for new sprigs to begin growth of new and positive experiences ?

En els darrers anys moltes contribucions en recerca amb adolescents i joves en situació de risc poden l’èmfasi en els factors de protecció prenent protagonisme un concepte relativament nou a nivell científic: la resiliència, i en el camp de la criminologia el desistiment. Seguint aquesta tendència actual, el propòsit de la investigació és oferir una visió holística i ecològica de la prevenció de la reincidència, per així poder fer propostes futures d’investigació centrades en aquest àmbit, com orientacions educatives que millorin l’eficàcia del sistema penal amb menors i joves infractors. Partint d’aquesta fita la tesi contempla els següents objectius: 1. Definir el perfil de l’adolescent no reincident front d’altres que continuen persistint en el delicte. 2. Obtenir una taxa de reincidència. 3. Analitzar els factors de risc que han tingut un impacte en la conducta criminològica i els factors de protecció que actuen prevenint-la. 4. Comprendre com els adolescents desistents han construït una realitat desvinculada de la delinqüència i per què d’altres continuen reincidint. 5. Elaborar propostes socioeducatives encaminades a la promoció del desistiment. Els objectius generals de la recerca ens han dut a plantejar un disseny multimètode, combinant la perspectiva quantitativa i la qualitativa. Aquesta decisió parteix de la necessitat d’abordar el fenomen d’estudi de forma complementària, utilitzant diferents tècniques i instruments de recollida d’informació. La mostra està formada per adolescents i joves infractors que han realitzat un programa socioeducatiu a la DGEPCJJ (mediació, medi obert, internament), i més particularment en dos perfils, un genèric de la població de justícia juvenil (n=288), per l’anàlisi de les variables estàtiques associades a la reincidència (sociodemogràfiques, criminològiques i penals), i l’altre centrat en joves amb carreres delictives (n=110; n=29), per la identificació de factors històrics i dinàmics (contextuals i individuals) associats al desistiment. L’estudi, de caràcter exploratori, assenyala que el desistiment és un procés complex i multifacètic, on el pes predominant està en el context de la persona, i en la motivació i capacitat del jove per superar riscos i adaptar-se a nous escenaris de vida de caire prosocial. En aquest sentit s’estableixen relacions significatives entre la competència emocional i el desistiment. Per altre banda els vincles amb la família, la parella, i per últim la comunitat són l’engranatge que sosté aquest procés i que permet als joves transformar la seva realitat. En base als resultats obtinguts el desistiment implica canvis en la conducta de la persona i en l’entorn, així l’acció socioeducativa ha de tenir un caràcter integral, requerint d’intervencions a diferents nivells.<br>The purpose of the research is to provide a holistic and ecological relapse to suggest future research in this area. I will also evaluate existing educational guidelines aimed at improving the effectiveness of the criminal justice system with minors and young offenders. This work will include the following objectives: 1. Define the profile of recidivism among juvenile persistent offenders 2. To achieve a lower recidivism rate. 3. Analyse the risk and protective factors that have an impact on the criminal behaviour. 4. Understanding the desistance towards crime. 5. Suggest measures to promote desistance. In this paper we are suggesting a multi-method that combines quantitative and qualitative entries. We are using this format in order to focus on alternative points of view. We will study a sample of young offenders who have completed an educational programme (mediation, probation, internment programmes) organized by the Catan Department of Justice. The study indicates that desistance is a complex and multidimensional process which affects the immediate environment of the offenders and determines the support they can get. The study also looks at the motivation and ability of young people to overcome difficulties and adapt to new stages of prosocial life. In this regard, I establish a significant relationship between emotional competence and desistance; focusing on the support young offenders get from their families, communities or partners, who help them transform their existing realities.<br>La finalidad de la investigación es ofrecer una visión amplia y ecológica de la prevención de la reincidencia para así poder hacer propuestas futuras de investigación centradas en este ámbito, como orientaciones educativas que mejoren la eficacia del sistema penal con jóvenes infractores. Partiendo de este reto la tesis contempla los siguientes objetivos: 1. Definir el perfil del adolescente no reincidente respecto aquellos que persisten en la conducta delictiva. 2. Obtener un porcentaje de reincidencia. 3. Analizar los factores de riesgo han tenido un impacto en la conducta delictiva y los factores de protección que la pueden contener. 4. Comprender como los adolescentes desistentes han construido una realidad desvinculada de la delincuencia. 5. Elaborar propuestas socioeducativas orientadas a la promoción del desistimiento. Los objetivos generales de la investigación nos han llevado a plantear un diseño mixto, combinando la perspectiva cuantitativa y la cualitativa. Esta decisión parte de la necesidad de abordar el fenómeno de estudio de forma complementaria, utilizando diferentes técnicas y instrumentos de recogida de datos y información. La muestra está formada por adolescentes y jóvenes que han realizado un programa socioeducativo en la DGEPCJJ (mediación, medio abierto, internamiento), y más particularmente en dos perfiles, uno general de la población de justicia juvenil para el análisis de las variables estáticas (sociodemográficas, criminologicas y penales), y otro centrado en jóvenes con carreras delictivas (n:110; n=29), para la descripción y análisis de los factores históricos y dinámicos (contextuales y individuales) asociados al desistimiento. El estudio, de carácter exploratorio, muestra que el desistimiento es un proceso complejo, difícil y multifacético, donde el peso prioritario está en el contexto de la persona, y en la motivación y capacidad del joven para superar los riesgos y adaptarse a nuevos escenarios de vida más prosociales. En este sentido se establecen relaciones significativas entre la competencia emocional (social) y el desistimiento. Por otro lado, los vínculos con la familia, la pareja, y por último la comunidad son los pilares que sostienen este proceso. En base a los resultados conseguidos el desistimiento implica cambios de pensamiento que se observan en la conducta de la persona, y de su entorno, así la acción socioeducativa ha de tener una óptica integral, requiriendo de intervenciones en diferentes niveles.

Pour une doctrine actuellement majoritaire, le contrat désigne l’acte juridique donnant exclusivement naissance à des obligations, soit une contrainte pesant sur la seule personne des parties. Cette approche subjectiviste du contrat fait obstacle à ce qu’il puisse être justifié que certains actes relatifs à une chose se doublent d’un effet réel, c'est-à-dire, d’une limite assignée au libre exercice des prérogatives juridiques relatives à la chose objet du contrat. En consentant à l’acte, le débiteur ne s’oblige pas seulement ; il s’engage à permettre la réalisation du contrat. Le sujet renonce à une part d’autonomie juridique, laquelle se traduit notamment par l’affectation du bien et donc par une perte du libre exercice de sa prérogative sur la chose. À l’effet personnel du contrat s’ajoute un effet réel. La prise en compte de l’effet réel du contrat permet de résoudre, par exemple, les difficultés liées à la détermination de la portée de l’engagement consenti par le propriétaire engagé à une promesse unilatérale, d’expliquer la situation du bailleur ou encore celle de l’apporteur d’un bien en propriété à une société. Inconnu du Code civil et des divers projets de réforme du droit des obligations, mais encore de la doctrine, l’effet réel du contrat ne peut être traduit à l’aide d’une notion existante. L’étude menée suppose donc de procéder à l’élaboration tant de la notion d’effet réel du contrat que d’un régime spécifique. Au terme de cette étude, il est conclu que la consécration de la notion d’effet réel du contrat permet d’appréhender l’ensemble des manifestations de l’engagement contractuel<br>For the dominant legal doctrine, a contract is an act creating obligations between parties. This subjective approach, centered on the parties’ personal liability tends to preclude any justification of a potential effect in rem – i.e. a limit to the free exercise of legal powers on the subject matter of the contract. By agreeing to the contract, the contractor not only takes on an obligation, but also pledges to allow the completion of the contract, which implies his submission to a limitation of his rights, especially those relevant to the subject matter of the contract. In addition, as it may carry an assignment of property, a contract cannot be reduced to a simple creation of obligations. The admission of effets in rem makes it possible to establish the duties of an owner bound by a unilateral promise to sell and to explain the commitment of a lessor or of a shareholder bringing assets into the business. Ignored by law and by doctrine, the in rem effect of a contract cannot be fully understood through pre-existing notions. The subject of the study therefore consists in developing an entire theory of effect in rem of contract. In conclusion, it will appear that its recognition is a necessity to fully measure the scope of contractual liability

La distinction doctrinale des nullités relative et absolue apparaît dans notre droit au XVIe siècle. Depuis, la doctrine enseigne que de sa mise en oeuvre, découle l’entier régime d’une cause de nullité. Le caractère opératoire de cette distinction est régulièrement interrogé, voire contesté. Cette circonstance, ajoutée à celle de sa probable consécration lors de la prochaine réforme du droit des obligations, incite à éprouver la pertinence de cette distinction. Pour assurer sa fonction d’instrument de connaissance du droit, la distinction des nullités relative et absolue doit, comme toute distinction binaire, posséder trois caractéristiques : premièrement un critère de distinction solide assurant son caractère opératoire, deuxièmement une différence de régime significative entre les deux éléments composant la distinction et conférant tout son intérêt à celle-ci, troisièmement une différence de nature entre les deux composantes, établie par le critère choisi, et justifiant la disparité de régime. Or, à l’analyse, la distinction des nullités relative et absolue ne possède ni critère de distinction sûr, ni différence de régime incontestée, ni dualité de nature. L’étude de la nature de la nullité nous conduira à retenir une nature unique : la nullité sera analysée comme une sanction de la légalité, qui doit être prononcée. Le plus souvent, elle le sera par le juge et revêtira alors un caractère judiciaire. Dès lors, à l’unique nature de sanction judiciaire de la légalité il est proposé d’attacher un seul régime, autrement dit, des règles communes à toutes les causes de nullité. La nature commandant le régime, ce dernier doit être élaboré en considération de la nature de la nullité proposée. Il conviendra néanmoins de prendre également en considération les dispositions légales spécifiques à certaines causes de nullité<br>The scholarly distinction of relative and absolute nullities appeared in our law during the sixteenth century. Ever since, scholarly opinion has been that the entire regime of a cause of nullity depends on the implementation of this distinction. The operational nature of this distinction is regularly questioned, and even discussed. Yet, its probable establishment by the upcoming reform of the law of obligations urges a scrutiny of this distinction’s relevance. In order to fulfil its task of knowledge of the law, the distinction of relative and absolute nullities must, like every binary distinction, possess three characteristics: firstly, a solid criterion of distinction must enable it to be operational; secondly, the two parts of the distinction must correspond to two sets of significantly different rules, this difference being the heart of the distinction; and thirdly, a difference in the nature of the two parts of the distinction, established by the chosen criterion, and justifying the difference of regimes. However, after close analysis, the distinction of relative and absolute nullities possesses neither a reliable criterion of distinction, nor an uncontested difference in the regimes, nor a duality of nature. The study of the nullity’s nature will enable us to state that nullity has a uniform nature: nullity will be analysed as a sanction of the act’s legality that must be imposed. More often than not, it will be imposed by the judge and will have a judicial nature. Thus, the uniform nature of judicial sanction of the act’s legality must correspond to a single regime, in other words it must correspond to rules that are common to all causes of nullity. Since the nature conditions the regime, the latter must be established by taking into consideration the nature of the proposed nullity. Nevertheless, it is necessary to also take into consideration the legal provisions specific to certain causes of nullity

Le droit traite principalement l’abstention sous l’angle de la faute d’abstention, mais éprouve des difficultés à appréhender l’abstention du titulaire d’une prérogative qui nécessite une nouvelle approche. Refus temporaire, et non exprimé, de jouir immédiatement des effets de sa prérogative pour les retenir jusqu’au moment le plus opportun, l’abstention crée une situation équivoque. N’ayant ni la clarté d’un exercice actif, ni celle d’une renonciation, elle génère en effet imprévisibilité et insécurité juridique. Cette dernière est d’ailleurs exacerbée par les interprétations erronées dont l’abstention fait l’objet et par l’aggravation dans le temps des conséquences qui touchent celui qui la subit. Ainsi, à défaut de statut légalement défini de l’abstention, il est impératif de se saisir de la problématique d’imprévisibilité de l’abstention du titulaire d’une prérogative pour tenter de l’atténuer, tout en mettant en relief sa légitimité. L’encadrement du comportement de celui qui s’abstient dans le temps est la solution qui s’impose. Ainsi, à compter de la fin d’un délai raisonnable, laps de temps préservant sa liberté au sein du délai imparti, il doit respecter le standard de l’agent raisonnable. À défaut, sa responsabilité pourrait être engagée sans que cela n’exclue la responsabilisation de celui qui subit l’abstention<br>French law is usually understanding the abstention as the abstention fault. However, the abstention of the holder of a prerogative can not be analyzed this way and requires a new juridical approach. Abstention creates an equivocal situation by being a refusal, silent and temporary, to immediately enjoy the effects of a prerogative in order to retain them until the most appropriate moment. By being unclear unlike an active exercise or a real renunciation, it generates indeed unpredictability and a lack of legal safety. This insecurity is, moreover, exacerbated by erroneous interpretations of abstention and by the aggravation of the consequences affecting the one who suffers from it with the passing time. As a result, due to the absence of a legal status of abstention, it is imperative to take up the unpredictability problem of the abstention of the holder of a prerogative in order to attempt to mitigate it, while highlighting its legitimacy. The appearing necessary solution finds its way in the regulation of the behavior of the one abstaining in time. Consequently, from the end of a reasonable period, preserving his liberty within the time limit, he has to respect the standard of a reasonable agent. Failing that, his liability could be incurred. This would not exclude the accountability of the person who suffers from abstention

Кухарєв, О. Є. Диспозитивність в спадковому праві: дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук : 12.00.03 / О. Є. Кухарєв; МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. - Харків, 2020. - 534 с.<br>У дисертації сформульовано концепцію диспозитивності в спадковому праві, яка спрямована на вдосконалення правового регулювання спадкових відносин. Виявлено базові моделі диспозитивності в спадковому праві, що є формами вираження правової свободи в сфері спадкування: а) свобода заповіту; б) договірна форма регулювання спадкових відносин; в) свобода волевиявлення спадкоємця щодо прийняття спадщини та відмови від її прийняття. Розроблено загальні та спеціальні межі реалізації диспозитивності в спадковому праві. Аргументовано позицію щодо розширення правової свободи у спадковому праві шляхом запровадження нових договірних конструкцій та заповідальних розпоряджень. Подано загальнотеоретичну характеристику свободи заповіту та виявлено її стадії, а також обґрунтовано виокремлення групи договорів у сфері спадкового права, що мають специфічну правову мету та особливий предмет. З’ясовано диспозитивність у частині здійснення спадкоємцями права на прийняття спадщини та на відмову від її прийняття. На рівні окремого розділу аналізуються обмеження диспозитивності в спадковому праві. Теоретичні висновки дослідження дозволили сформулювати конкретні пропозиції щодо удосконалення правового регулювання спадкових відносин.<br>The author of the dissertation has formulated the concept of discretion within inheritance law, which is aimed at improving the legal regulation of hereditary relations. It has been established that the features, properties and regularities of legal freedom are expressed in the form of three basic models of discretion within inheritance law: a) freedom of the last will and statement; b) contractual form of regulating hereditary relations; c) the free will of an ancestor to accept the heritage and refusal to accept it. The author has grounded the conclusion about internal (determining the model of the behavior by the subjects of inheritance law, the content and object of inheritance legal relationship) and external (realization by the subjects of inheritance law of the chosen model of behavior by committing certain active actions) manifestations of discretion within inheritance law that respectively express statics and dynamics of legal freedom. The author has distinguished general and special limits of discretion within inheritance law. To clarify the general limits of discretion, the author has offered to apply the statutory provisions on the limits of exercising civil rights. The special limits of discretion are inherently determined by the sub-branch specificity of inheritance law, which follow from the content of the Section 6 of the Civil Code of Ukraine and cover the following factors: realization of legal freedom within the duration of inheritance legal relations; the exercise of legal freedom within certain subjective boundaries with the obligatory participation of the ancestor as the universal heir’s successor; functional assignment of inheritance law, which is to ensure the posthumous transfer of rights and duties from one person (heir) to other persons (ancestors). It has been proved that the transfer of the deceased property into the property of the municipal community has no reason to be considered as a case of hereditary succession. The author of the dissertation has formulated the provisions on the existence of two stages of exercising the freedom of the last will and statement, which fully take into account the exercise of the legal freedom of the testator and demonstrate the dynamics of discretion through its consistent embodiment. The first stage covers the process of making the last will and statement and definition of its content directly by the testator. The second stage is related to the implementation of the precepts after the opening of the inheritance, as part of the procedures for executing the last will and statement and interpreting its content. The author stands the position on the need to grant the inheritance right under the last will and statement of the heir’s children, conceived after his death due to the use of ancillary reproductive technologies from the genetic material of the heir (post-mortem children) and offers the legal conditions for recognizing the postmortal children as heirs: a) artificial insemination within six months of the opening of inheritance; b) the will of the testator expressed in the last will and testament; c) spreading hereditary status to persons fertilized after opening of inheritance solely from the genetic material of the heir with the use of assisted reproductive technologies. The author has improved the generally accepted position in the legal doctrine on the classification of civil contracts into types, depending on the legal focus on a particular result, by introducing a separate group of contracts in the field of hereditary law, the legal aim of which is to ensure the posthumous transfer of rights and obligations from one person to others. It has been found out that a contract in the field of inheritance law has a much smaller, auxiliary value, compared to the role of a classical contract within civil law, since it cannot be an independent ground for the emergence, change or termination of hereditary legal relations, but is only one of the elements of legal structure, where the central place is occupied by the fact of opening of inheritance. Such contracts are of personal, trust, local and term nature, and may be concluded by a limited number of persons. Theoretical conclusions grounded on the basis of the results of the research, made it possible to formulate specific propositions for improving the regulation of hereditary legal relations, which have been summarized in the draft law on amending the Civil Code of Ukraine.<br>В диссертации сформулирована концепция диспозитивности в наследственном праве, направленная на усовершенствование правового регулирования наследственных отношений. Выявлены базовые модели диспозитивности в наследственном праве, которые являются формами выражения правовой свободы в сфере наследования: а) свобода завещания; б) договорная форма регулирования наследственных отношений; в) свобода волеизъявления наследника относительно принятия наследства и отказа от его принятия. Разработаны общие и специальные пределы диспозитивности в наследственном праве. Аргументирована позиция о расширении правовой свободы в наследственном праве путем внедрения новых договорных конструкций и завещательных распоряжений. Изложена общетеоретическая характеристика свободы завещания и выявлены ее стадии, а также обосновано выделение группы договоров в сфере наследственного права, которые имеют специфическую правовую цель и особый предмет. Определена диспозитивность в части осуществления наследниками права на принятие наследства и на отказ от его принятия. В объеме отдельного раздела анализируются ограничения диспозитивности в наследственном праве. Теоретические выводы исследования позволили сформулировать конкретные предложения по усовершенствованию правового регулирования наследственных отношений.

This dissertation examines the representation of ascetic renunciation in early modern drama, focusing in particular on the way asceticism functions as a tool of political agency. This study argues that the act of renunciation is essentially performative and public, directed outward to an audience whose responses the performer hopes to shape or direct. The specific political significance of ascetic acts varies according to the status and social position of those who perform and receive them, potentially functioning as a discourse both of resistance and of control. In early modern England, traditional asceticism's association with heterodox catholicism lent it an extra-normative and subversive quality that found utility in acts of resistance. However, ascetic or renunciatory discourse could also be utilized in the exercise of power by monarchs, both as a discourse of legitimation and as an act of public image construction. To help explain this flexibility, this study utilizes the sociolinguistic theories of M.M. Bakhtin, V.N. Voloshinov, and Pierre Bourdieu, all of whom offer models for interpreting language in shifting contexts and across discursive fields. The introduction defines asceticism as performative and potentially political, before tracing some of the relevant historical developments of asceticism from the Middle Ages to the sixteenth century. Chapter One analyzes the representation of asceticism in Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, focusing in particular on the character of Isabella, whose celibate vows place her in conflict with mechanisms of power. Chapter Two examines the literary representation of asceticism in both medieval and early modern contexts by reading Shakespeare and Fletcher's The Two Noble Kinsmen in relation to its Chaucerian source material, The Knight's Tale. Chapter Three shifts to an examination of ascetic postures and discourse by monarchs, considering first The Escorial, Philip II's monastic palace, and then moving to a reading of Elizabeth I's translation of the renunciatory Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius. Chapter Four further pursues this intersection of kingship and asceticism with an analysis of ascetic discourse in Shakespeare's Henry V. The conclusion considers areas for further analysis of asceticism in early modern literature, including revenge tragedy and Milton's Paradise Lost.

Sarada Devi (1852-1920) was the Hindu child bride of the famous nineteenth-century renouncer Ramakrishna (1836 -1886). While Ramakrishna was alive, he worshiped Sarada as a goddess, a woman to be revered but never touched, and ultimately making of her a figure of popular adoration. This thesis addresses the ways in which Sarada has been constructed in devotional and academic texts, in order to not only determine the ways in which different types of followers viewed her and her religious practices, but also to analyze scholarly assumptions about Sarada. It argues that despite Sarada’s renunciatory practices, both scholars and devotees of Ramakrishna, continued to write about Sarada primarily as a helpmate to Ramakrishna rather than as a guru in her own right. Such constructions fail to adequately take account of the advanced Hindu practices adhered to by Sarada herself. This failure is the result of an over-reliance on traditional (i.e. patriarchal) understandings of what it meant to renounce in colonial India and speaks to the neglect of the study of female renouncers in general. In the case of Sarada, a rereading of key texts through postcolonial and feminist lenses enables us to see more clearly the manner in which her idealization as the Mother of India by the Bengali bhadralok, masks the complexities and contradictions of her life as a renouncer and guru.

This research is a case study focused on the resocialization of prison gang members through the lens of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice’s (TDCJ) Gang Renouncement and Disassociation (GRAD) process, a nine-month, three-phase voluntary process whereby confirmed prison gang, or Security Threat Group (STG), members renounce their gang membership and disassociate from the gang while still incarcerated. The TDCJ implemented its gang renunciation process to relinquish its dependence on segregating confirmed prison gang members and to provide them a way to transition out of segregation. The GRAD process has been in place since 2000 with more than 2,600 offenders completing it, but little information, other than anecdotal evidence, is available to support or disprove its success or effectiveness at de-ganging and resocializing prison gang members for the long haul. Interviews were conducted with 16 individuals, including GRAD correctional officers and instructors, and law enforcement officers with known expertise and knowledge of prison gang investigations. A limited amount of extant aggregate-level data was provided by TDCJ to supplement the narratives in the qualitative analysis. Findings suggest that the identified goals of the process differ among GRAD staff and non-GRAD staff: GRAD staff focused on offender rehabilitation, and non-GRAD staff focused on gang renunciation. It was also found that resocialization and normative change can and do occur in the closed GRAD environment; however, no tracking mechanism exists to systematically and pro-actively monitor their behavior once they are released from GRAD to determine if they have internalized these new norms and values. Based on the interviews, it also appears that the length of time spent in segregation prior to renunciation renders the offender more grateful and appreciative, and, therefore, more likely to successfully complete the process. Finally, interviews with law enforcement reveal that, upon release to the broader community, these offenders may have renounced the gang – but not the crime. The dissertation ends with limitations to the study, recommendations for future research, and implications for social work.<br>text

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito<br>Com a celebração do casamento são produzidos uma série de efeitos – pessoais, patrimoniais e sucessórios – na esfera jurídica dos cônjuges. Antes de casar e com a recente Lei n.º 48/2018, é dada a possibilidade aos nubentes de – em convenção antenupcial e desde que adotando o regime da separação de bens – renunciar reciprocamente à posição de herdeiro legitimário um do outro, de forma a que aqueles efeitos sucessórios que habitualmente se fariam sentir, não existam. Esta dissertação, pretende analisar: o instituto do casamento, os regimes de bens, o estatuto do cônjuge sobrevivo ao longo dos tempos, o ordenamento jurídico de Macau que serviu de fonte de inspiração para esta novidade, e, por fim, mas não menos importante, a lei citada supra – estudando as novas possibilidades que desta advém, juntamente com os requisitos que têm de ser verificados mais os direitos que são atribuídos ao cônjuge supérstite que renunciou a esta condição. É verdade que o estatuto do cônjuge sobrevivo melhorou amplamente com a reforma civilista procedente do Decreto-Lei n.º 496/77 de 25 de novembro, passando este da quarta classe de sucessíveis para a primeira classe dos herdeiros legitimários, não sendo considerado na lista de herdeiros legitimário obrigados à colação – consequência da chamada “horizontalização do direito sucessório” – todavia, esta restruturação mostrou-se insuficientemente pois os tempos mudaram e as pessoas são cada vez mais independentes financeiramente, atendendo muito mais vezes às suas carreiras do que propriamente ao seu agregado familiar. Consideramos, ainda, que deveria ser abandonado o princípio da imutabilidade das convenções, de forma a que estes cônjuges pudessem renunciar a todo o tempo, havendo assim a possibilidade de adotar esta renúncia às circunstâncias da vida uma vez que nos parece pedir demasiadamente que esta renúncia tenha de ser feita obrigatoriamente antes do casamento, altura em que os nubentes não têm noção do que pode ou não ocorrer no futuro.<br>When a marriage is celebrated a series of personal, patrimonial, and legitimate succession effects take place on the spouses’ judicial sphere. According to the Law n.º 48/2018 to the intended spouses is given the possibility - provided a separations of property regime is adopted in the prenuptial agreement – of a reciprocal renunciation to their condition of legitimate/compulsory heirs, therefore invalidating the traditional succession or inheritance implications. The aim of the present dissertation is to analyse: the marriage institution; the marital property regimes; the legal statute of the surviving spouse over time; Macau’s legal order, precisely the one on which this legislative change was inspired; and last, but not least, the above Law - studying the new legal possibilities it implies, the requirements it imposes as well as the surviving spouse rights in this context. Even thought it's true that the status of the surviving spouse has improved with the reform of the civil procedure of Decree-Law n.º 496/77 of November 25, passing from the fourth class of successions to the first classe of legitimate heirs, not being listed as one of the legitimate heirs obliged to collation - a consequence of the so-called "horizontalization of succession law" - however, this restructuring was insufficient because times have changed and most people are increasingly financially independent, paying much more attetion to their careers than their own households. A critical reflection on the importance of supressing the immutability principle of the agreements will also be carried out, since that would ensure the spouses the opportunity of waiving their right/condition of legitimate heir at any time, which would be, in our opinion, more in line with life circumstances and its changes, not forcing the intended spouses to mandatorily formalize this renunciation before the marriage when none of them is aware of what can or cannot happen in the future.

Legal status of managers when terminating employment This thesis deals with the topic of the legal status of a manager when terminating employment. The first chapter outlines the gradual evolution of a job position of an employee- manager in between the years 1918 to 2006 and shows conditions under which it was possible to terminate employment with an employee in a managerial position. The next chapter introduces the individual participants to the employment relationships that is an employee, manager and employer. The third chapter describes the two possible ways how to commence employment in case of a manager which is the appointment or the employment contract and defines all the requirements necessary to comply with so the employment is valid. The following chapter concentrates on the rights and obligations of ordinary employees and managers and the obligations of employers. Managers have the same rights and obligations as ordinary employees, but as they also have to fulfil the role of an intermediator between employer and ordinary employees, they enjoy additional rights and obligations. The fifth chapter focuses on the termination of employment of both managers and ordinary employees. The chapter illustrates in detail three ways how to terminate employment. Employment may be terminated by legal...

A relevância sucessória das liberalidades realizadas ao longo da vida pelo de cuius, expressa-se em vários aspetos da mecânica da sucessão legitimária. Como liberalidade que é, a “partilha em vida” comunga desta mesma relevância. Todavia, apesar de se tratar de uma verdadeira doação, reveste-se de determinadas particularidades, expressas nas exigências legais para a sua validade, como o consentimento de todos os herdeiros legitimários e a obrigação de pagamento de tornas, que reclamam uma análise específica no sentido da articulação dos institutos típicos da sucessão legitimária e da “partilha em vida”. De entre os diferentes institutos, a redução das liberalidades inoficiosas assume o protagonismo pelo seu carácter aparentemente irrenunciável e pela controvérsia que rodeia a sua conjugação com a “partilha em vida”. A indagação relativa à sujeição das doações integradas na “partilha em vida” à redução por inoficiosidade traz consigo a discussão da presença de uma renúncia dos herdeiros legitimários a este direito e, consequentemente, da identificação de um pacto sucessório renunciativo no ordenamento jurídico português.<br>The donations that one subject makes during his life have an extremely relevant role in the context of forced heirship. As a liberality, “life’s partition” assumes the same relevance as all donations in general in this type of succession. However, despite being a true gift, “life’s partition” has certain specificities, expressed in the legal requirements for its validity, such as the agreement of all the forced heirs and the obligation of pay back. These specific features show us the need of making a particular analysis of the articulation between the typical institutes of the legitimary succession and “life’s partition”. Among these different figures, the abatement of dispositions that affects the portion of the legal heir in heritage, claims more attention for its apparently unwavering character and for the controversy that surrounds its interaction with “life’s partition”. The problem related to the submission of donations integrated in “life’s partition” to the abatement of dispositions, brings out the idea of the existence of a renounce by the legal heirs to the right to the action of abatement and, consequently