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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Repatriation of cultural heritage'
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Jessiman, Stacey Rae. "Understanding and resolving cultural heritage repatriation disputes between indigenous peoples and museums." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51635.
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Disputes between Indigenous peoples and Western museums over repatriation of cultural heritage involve numerous complex issues -- legal, ethical, historical, cultural, spiritual, political and economic, among others – that necessitate a particularly thoughtful approach to resolving such disputes. Resolution of such disputes by negotiation or other alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) processes should not involve simply finding quick, theoretically “win-win” solutions such as replicas or loans. Because these disputes often involve complex issues such as traumatic colonial injustices and profound differences in cultural values and dispute resolution paradigms, the dispute resolution process must involve a period of exploration and acknowledgement of such issues and differences by the parties, which I term “Relationship Building”, as a necessary precursor to any stage of problem-solving. By analysing the negotiations between various Western museums and the Kwakwaka’wakw and Haisla First Nations of British Columbia, Canada over the repatriation of cultural objects removed from their traditional territories by colonial forces in the early 20th century, this thesis seeks to demonstrate how engaging in a stage of Relationship Building early in the negotiation process is key to ensuring the parties understand their dispute holistically and experience a constructive, not destructive, process and outcome.Law, Faculty of
Graduate
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Brown, Reuben Jay. "Following footsteps: The kun-borrk/manyardi song tradition and its role in western Arnhem Land society." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15671.
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In western Arnhem Land, a diverse song tradition—referred to as kun-borrk in Bininj Gunwok language and manyardi in Mawng language—continues to be passed down over many generations. Today, these songs play a central role in a wide variety of public occasions including funeral ceremonies, diplomacy or exchange ceremonies, formal events such as cultural festivals and informal excursions to ancestral country with family, or visiting researchers. Following in the footsteps of their fathers, grandfathers, and ancestors before them who sang in languages now endangered or understood only by ancestral spirits, Aboriginal songmen continue to teach these songs and their accompanying dances to younger generations, and compose new songs which have been given to them by deceased spirits in dreams, while women pass on their expertise in dancing and directing aspects of the ceremony, as well as their knowledge of particular song-sets. Bringing together historically and linguistically informed performance ethnography and music analysis, this thesis describes the social significance of western Arnhem Land song traditions to the everyday lives of both Bininj/Arrarrkpi (Aboriginal people) and Balanda (non-Aboriginal people). Each chapter analyses performances of kun-borrk/manyardi in different social contexts, which have in common the theme of intercultural encounter and exchange. The author traces his own journey on the road to learning about Bininj/Arrarrkpi culture by participating in social events in and around the communities of Gunbalanya and Warruwi in western Arnhem Land, accompanied by kun-borrk/manyardi songmen and their families. (Since many aspects of Aboriginal sociality and knowledge are gendered, the study reflects the perspective of men in particular that the author collaborated with). For hundreds of years since the arrival of Macassans from South Sulawesi to their shores, Aboriginal people have performed their songs in ceremony for outsiders and for neighbouring clan and language groups to establish good relations. This thesis shows how, as social circumstances in Arnhem Land change, kun-borrk and manyardi continue to play a fundamental role in mediating relationships and maintaining traditional culture and values, laying out a path for the next generation to follow.
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Rosenthal, Jessica S. "The “Twice-Looted” Archives: Giving Voice to the Long-Silenced Witnesses of World War II." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/177.
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The “twice-looted” archives refer to a vast body of documents that were looted by Nazi agencies during, and again by Soviet Army units immediately following World War II. The archives were taken in the context of the two most intensive programs of cultural heritage looting in modern history. Their fate remained unknown until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since then, many efforts have been made to return the documents to their original owners. However, significant obstacles have hindered restitution, leaving a large body of foreign archives in Russia.
By connecting the history and current status of the “twice-looted” archives to archival theory and ethical principles on cultural heritage property, this thesis provides a foundation from which to approach archival restitution. The analysis of recent additions to archival theory provides new understandings of archival meaning that may facilitate the restitution of archives displaced by war. Reviewing the details of the archives’ successive seizures leading to their extended residency in the secret “Special Archive” (TsGOA) and discussing restitution developments on national and international levels reveals how exploitation of archives during war violates archival principles. Concluding with specific case studies further illustrates the complex nature of archives and archival meaning and its significance for archival restitution. These discussions reveal the damages that result when archives become targets of war. This in turn, encourages respect for archives and brings attention to the necessity of safeguarding archival heritage.
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Ekberg, Toscano Frida. "Värdet av repatriering. En biografi av totempålen G’psgolox’s repatriering från Sverige till Kanada. (Svenska)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446747.
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The study is an archaeological biography of the G'psgolox totem pole told from the Haisla people's perspective in Canada and adopts cultural relativism and the theory of ontology to highlight their experience and perspective on the repatriation process of the G'psgolox totem pole. The research has been limited to studying the totem pole only based on an emic perceptive, the Haisla people, and departures from secondary sources consisting of films, Haisla organizations websites, and literature where they shared their experiences. For the Haisla people, the G'psgolox totem pole is not like all other totem poles erected during their traditional potlatch ceremonies. This pole was created when Hailsa culture, society, traditions, beliefs, and identity were dying out due to, among other things, the European colonization and the consequences that it brought with it, such as "The Indian Act" in Canada. This act aimed to eradicate the country's indigenous cultures and inculcate the "white way," which turned into a mass extinction threat to different First Nations in Canada, such as the Haisla people. Therefore, since its creation, the G'psgolox totem pole has immeasurable value for Haisla's people since it symbolizes survival, strengthening of Haisla's culture and identity after almost disappearing. However, the pole was taken without consent ending in Sweden, which affected Haisla society and led to a series of international events, where the Haisla people strived to repatriate the G'psgolox totem pole to its origins. Previous studies of the repatriation process have, with some exceptions, mainly adopted the Western perspective, giving only the Western reality of the events, distorting the arguments in the repatriation debate to its advantages. The study shows that Haisla has a holistic perspective on their surroundings where everything is integrated, connected, and influences each other through time and space, including tangible and intangible material and across the living and spiritual world, which differs from the Western perspective, and more when it comes to the understanding of the value of cultural heritage. Therefore, through the repatriation process, the Western beliefs clash against Haisla's reality and value over their cultural heritage. Although this, the Western way tended to dominate the whole repatriation before, during, and after the process, minimizing, in this case, the Haisla peoples perspective and the cultural value that the G'psgolox totem pole could bring to them.
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Lange, Christian. "Samiska Fornlämningar Då, Nu & Alltid : En kvalitativ-komparativ litteraturstudie om dagens samiska relation till fornlämningar i det samiska kulturlandskapet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91187.
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The work investigates the relationship the Swedish indigenous people, the Sámi people, have towards their cultural remains in the Sámi cultural landscape. It is investigated through a qualitative-comparative literature studie which is primarily conducted through an analysis of four websites; two Sámi controlled websites and two swedish county administration controlled websites. The relationship the Sámi people have towards their ancient cultural remains can be seen through studies of their relationship towards graves and old settlement remains, (swe:kåtatomter) which reflects a relationship that is contested by factors such as the threat of exploitation of the Sámi cultural landscape, and by the challenges that comes with repatriation cases. The work emanates from a postcolonial perspective which can be seen throughout the entire work and which is primarily based on reconciliation as a concept within postcolonial theory
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Ojala, Carl-Gösta. "Sámi Prehistories : The Politics of Archaeology and Identity in Northernmost Europe." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108857.
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Throughout the history of archaeology, the Sámi (the indigenous people in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in the Russian Federation) have been conceptualized as the “Others” in relation to the national identity and (pre)history of the modern states. It is only in the last decades that a field of Sámi archaeology that studies Sámi (pre)history in its own right has emerged, parallel with an ethnic and cultural revival among Sámi groups. This dissertation investigates the notions of Sámi prehistory and archaeology, partly from a research historical perspective and partly from a more contemporary political perspective. It explores how the Sámi and ideas about the Sámi past have been represented in archaeological narratives from the early 19th century until today, as well as the development of an academic field of Sámi archaeology. The study consists of four main parts: 1) A critical examination of the conceptualization of ethnicity, nationalism and indigeneity in archaeological research. 2) A historical analysis of the representations and debates on Sámi prehistory, primarily in Sweden but also to some extent in Norway and Finland, focusing on four main themes: the origin of the Sámi people, South Sámi prehistory as a contested field of study, the development of reindeer herding, and Sámi pre-Christian religion. 3) An analysis of the study of the Sámi past in Russia, and a discussion on archaeological research and constructions of ethnicity and indigeneity in the Russian Federation and the Soviet Union. 4) An examination of the claims for greater Sámi self-determination concerning cultural heritage management and the debates on repatriation and reburial in the Nordic countries. In the dissertation, it is argued that there is a great need for discussions on the ethics and politics of archaeological research. A relational network approach is suggested as a way of opening up some of the black boxes and bounded, static entities in the representations of people in the past in the North.
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Breske, Ashleigh M. L. "Politics of Repatriation: Formalizing Indigenous Cultural Property Rights." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96766.
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This project will be an empirical study into repatriation as a political practice. This theoretically-oriented project investigates how institutions and cultural values mediate changes in the governance of repatriation policy, specifically its formalization and rescaling in the United States. I propose a critical approach to understanding repatriation; specifically, I will draw together issues surrounding museums, repatriation claims, and indigenous communities throughout the development of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) in 1990 and current repatriation policy. The interdisciplinary academic narrative I build will explore practices of repatriation and how it relates to the subject of indigenous cultural rights.
Using the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Philadelphia, PA and the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, IL as models for the repatriation process, I will show the historic political tensions and later attempts to repatriate culturally significant objects and human remains in the United States. By examining entrenched discourses prior to NAGPRA and what changed to allow a new dominant discourse in the debates over repatriation claims, I will show that culturally-structured views on repatriation and narratives surrounding indigenous cultural property were transformed.
By examining ownership paradigms and analyzing discourses and institutional power structures, it is possible to understand the ramifications of formalizing repatriation. The current binary of cultural property nationalism/cultural property internationalism in relation to cultural property ownership claims does not represent the full scope of the conflict for indigenous people. Inclusion of a cultural property indigenism component into the established ownership paradigm will more fully represent indigenous concerns for cultural property. Looking at the rules, norms and strategies of national and international laws and museum institutions, I will also argue that there are consequences to repatriation claims that go beyond possession of property and a formalized process (or a semi- formalized international approach) can aid in addressing indigenous rights.
I will also ask the question, does this change in discourse develop in other countries with similar settler colonial pasts and indigenous communities, i.e. in Canada, New Zealand, Australia? My work will demonstrate that it does. Essentially, the repatriation conversation does not immediately change in one country and then domino to others. Instead, it is a change that is happening concurrently, comparative to other civil rights movements and national dialogues. The cultural and institutional shifts demanding change appear to have some universal momentum. The literatures to which this research will contribute include: museum studies, institutional practices, material cultural and public humanities, and indigenous right.PHD
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Innocenti, Perla. "From cultural heritage to cultural heritage informatics : critically investigating institutions, processes and artefacts." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4658/.
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Background and rationale: Collecting is a basic human activity, a cultural phenomenon establishing cultural values, defining authenticity and creating new identities for collected objects and collectors. For more than a decade, I have studied cultural heritage collections from three key interwoven perspectives. These approaches are evident in the six publications selected for this submission: • Architectural and organisational perspective: at the Vatican Gallery (Innocenti 2001a), Uffizi (Innocenti 2003a) and Biblioteca Laurenziana (Innocenti 2002a) I investigated institutional collector and key stakeholder strategies for designing collection space and displays. I then applied this analysis to‘knowledge architecture’ for industrial design artefacts and processes (Innocenti 2004c). • Procedural and functional perspective: from Palladio drawings (Innocenti 2005a) to industrial design knowledge bases (Innocenti 2004a), I investigated how to digitize, archive, render and make accessible cultural heritage as an accurate iconic representation, interwoven with documentary and cultural contexts. The work further led me to study the authenticity of born-digital artworks (Innocenti 2012c). • Artefact perspective: I explored how artists and institutional collectors address the preservation of artworks, from the Renaissance desks of the Biblioteca Laurenziana (Innocenti 2002a) to digital artworks (Innocenti 2012c), and the historical and theoretical implications of their choices. In each of these areas, I contextualized the interrelations between cultural heritage discourse and the history of collecting cultural artefacts within given historical, social and cultural periods. My work began in Italy, where cultural heritage is deeply rooted and widespread, and moved on to encompass Europe and North America in tracing the evolution of cultural heritage collectors’ strategies. I adopted an interdisciplinary approach, engaging perspectives, methods and theoretical frameworks from art history, art theory, museography, museology, library and information science, information technology, social anthropology and engineering. Starting from this multi-focal vantage point my research has resulted in contributions to knowledge, methods and theory. These publications on one hand demonstrate the continuum of key issues in cultural heritage creation, preservation and access as manifested in the strategies of institutional collectors and artists. On the other hand, they highlight the new paradigms and transformations introduced by digital and communication technologies, the shaping of cultural heritage informatics to address these transformations and the theoretical and methodological implications underlying them. Through my scholarly research, I contributed to progressing the canonical historicisation of cultural heritage, museography and museology, and to exploring the new paradigms and transformations introduced by digital and communication technologies to the disruptive and exciting world of cultural heritage informatics. The portfolio: The portfolio is a selection from Perla Innocenti’s more than forty publications of research carried out since 2001 on cultural heritage and informatics with the Universitá degli Studi di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte in Rome, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna, Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Fondazione Andrea Palladio, Politecnico di Milano and EU-funded projects SHAMAN and MeLa. Six scientific publications are presented: two journal articles, a scholarly treatise, a published conference paper, key chapters from a monograph and one book chapter from an edited volume. The works have two key themes relevant to the critical analysis and understanding of heritage institutions’ evolution up to the digital age. The themes illustrate the contribution each publication has made to the literature and explain the relationship between the works submitted, including developments which have occurred between one piece and another. Theme I: Evolution of museography, museology and heritage studies Three publications are presented under this theme, each of these presenting the critical analysis of cultural heritage institutions and their artefacts within the historical evolution of museums and libraries. Publication I presents the critical analysis of the museographic principles applied by Luca Beltrami to the design of the Vatican Gallery, investigated and contextualised within its museographical and cultural history (Innocenti 2001a). Publication II presents the critical analysis and findings of the museological and museographical principles applied by Corrado Ricci to the Uffizi Gallery in the 19th Century, compared with the contemporary principles in the Uffizi applied by the former Superintendent and Italian Ministry Antonio Paolucci (Innocenti 2003a). Publication III presents the analysis and original findings of Michelangelo’s ergonomic design of the Biblioteca Laurenziana fittings, within the historical evolution of libraries (Innocenti 2002a). Theme II: Creating, managing, disseminating and preserving digital cultural heritage The publications presented in this theme relate to methodologies and processes characterising diverse typologies of analogue and digital cultural heritage and the emerging field of cultural informatics. Publication IV presents the novel methodological approach defined and applied within a relevant digitization project of Andrea Palladio manuscripts and maps (Innocenti 2005a). Publication V presents the outcomes of my investigation defining and implementing an online knowledge-based system supporting research and teaching of industrial design, which is formally considered part of Italian cultural heritage (Innocenti 2004a). Publication VI discusses the repositioning of traditional conservation concepts of historicity, authenticity and versioning in relation to born-digital artworks, based on findings from my research on preservation of computer-based artefacts by public collectors (Innocenti 2012a).
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Khabra, Gurdeep. "The heritage of British Bhangra : popular music heritage, cultural memory, and cultural identity." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2015320/.
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Authorised narratives of British popular music history have been deployed as representations of national identity by a range of institutions and individuals. The London 2012 Olympic Games opening ceremony, for example, presented a range of musical artists and songs that had been selected to represent aspects of British cultural identity to an international audience. The following year, a speech delivered by British Prime Minister David Cameron cited examples of British popular music in order to demonstrate British cultural successes in an international field. This thesis argues that authorised narratives such as these have failed to reflect the diversity of music cultures in the UK, drawing upon literature that highlights the concerns of ethnic minority groups who are frequently faced with exclusion from mainstream heritage narratives, and on a case study on British Bhangra music. British Bhangra is a musical genre closely associated with the BrAsian community, and in this thesis it is used to explore the relationship between popular music heritage and multiculturalism and address the following research questions: How have individuals involved with the British Bhangra music industry and audience groups responded to authorised narratives (Smith, 2006) of British popular music? How has British Bhangra been constructed as heritage – whether authorised, un-authorised or self-authorised – and where is this taking place and by whom? In order to address these questions, the thesis adopts two methodological approaches: qualitative research in the form of ethnographic fieldwork, and the analysis of particular musical works produced by British Bhangra artists and promoted as heritage – such as songs featuring in audience-constructed online charts attempting to define the ‘50 Best British Bhangra albums’. The ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in three areas in England: Bradford and Leeds in the North-East of England, Birmingham, and Tower Hamlets in East London, and enabled an exploration of British Bhangra heritage sites and practices in each location. Face-to-face and email interviews were also conducted with artists, music promoters and archivists involved with the British Bhangra music industry as well as with Bhangra audiences, and published interviews from print and online sources were consulted. This helped to examine British Bhangra heritage from the perspective of the artist, audience and music industry workers involved. At the same time specific British Bhangra songs were analysed in order to explore musical constructions of national identity and cultural memory and related concepts, such as ‘homeland’ or ‘authenticity’, both of which emerged as highly valued by British Bhangra audiences and artists. Attempts by artists and music journalists to construct a ‘canon’ of British Bhangra music frequently involve efforts to evaluate these musical works in terms of their perceived ability to express authenticity, or to evoke connections with a rural Punjab. The music is analysed in relation to such debates, and the way in which particular artists and songs have become enshrined within British Bhangra music heritage practices is explored.
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Schaub, Mareike. "Natural and Cultural Heritage in Tourism on Gotland : Heritage Tourism Characteristics and the Relation of Natural and Cultural Heritage." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414410.
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This thesis researches into the heritage tourism characteristics on Gotland. Many destinations see a great potential to develop new tourism products around their heritage and thus meet a rising demand for enriching and unique visitor experiences. However, different considerations and stakeholders need to be taken into account to foster a sustainable development. The Swedish island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea has a long history as a tourism destination and is rich in heritage resources of diverse origin. A qualitative approach has been taken to study which traits characterise heritage related tourism to Gotland, and which potentials and challenges are seen by major stakeholders in the tourism and heritage development. One protruding result has been the strong connection between natural and cultural elements at the heritage sites as well as in tourism demand. Also the tourism strategy for Gotland strives for a further development of nature and culture as thematic tourism areas. Hence, a closer look has been taken into the relation of these two heritage elements. With help of the concept and methodology of heritagescapes two heritage sites have been analysed in a case study approach. The result shows that the integration of natural and cultural heritage to create cohesive and immersive visitor experiences at one site is challenging. However, taking both heritage elements into account can create synergies and they enhance how the respective other heritage element is experienced. This can broaden which visitor groups are attracted and in which season. Furthermore, the heritagescape approach gives practical management implications for the sites.
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Schmahl, Karolin. "Open Cultural Heritage – zum Hören!" De Gruyter, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36386.
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Digitale oder digitalisierte Tonaufnahmen sind zunehmend gefragte, wichtige Quellen für die Wissenschaft und als Dokumente des kulturellen Erbes auch für eine breite Öffentlichkeit von großem Interesse. Die Online-Bereitstellung frei zugänglicher Audiodokumente als Open Cultural Heritage erweist sich für Bibliotheken und Archive in der Praxis jedoch häufig als schwierig. Der Beitrag umreißt die besonderen Herausforderungen bei der Digitalisierung und Bereitstellung von Tondokumenten und skizziert – auch anhand von Praxisbeispielen – verschiedene Wege, auf denen Sammlungen den Anforderungen von Open Science gerecht werden können.Digital or digitized sound recordings are increasingly demanded, and important sources for science. As documents of cultural heritage, they are also of great interest to the general public. However, providing freely accessible audio documents online as Open Cultural Heritage is often difficult for libraries and archives in practice. The article sketches the specific challenges of digitizing and publishing sound documents and outlines – also on the basis of practical examples – different ways in which collections can meet the requirements of open science.
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Silva, Mara Teresa Caldeira da. "Novel biocides for cultural heritage." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21001.
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Many microorganisms, influenced by environmental conditions, are the main
responsible for biological contamination in built heritage. Biocides based on chemical
toxic compounds have been the most often used to mitigate this problem. Thus, it is of
vital importance to develop proper remediation actions based on environmentally
innocuous alternatives. Bacteria of the genera Bacillus are emerging as an optimistic
alternative due to their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with antagonistic
activities against many fungal pathogens.
This work aimed to develop ground-breaking research in the area of cultural and
built heritage rehabilitation, by the development of natural and green safe biocides for
biodegradation/biodeterioration treatment of Cultural Heritage.
A complementary methodology, including antifungal tests and molecular
approaches was used, in combination with microscopic and analytical techniques to
detect, characterise and study the efficiency of the biological active compounds
produced by Bacillus sp. strains.
Flow cytometry allowed a comprehensive study of the physiological mechanism
behind the bioactive compounds production in order to understand and improve the
strategic approaches for process optimisation and scale up production. Moreover,
according to the results of the toxicological tests, these compounds have proven to be a
real environmental safe and innocuous alternative to the chemical biocides commonly
used during the conservative interventions. Thus, they have shown a great potential for
their future application in cultural and built heritage rehabilitation; Novos Biocidas para o Património Cultural
Resumo:
Vários microrganismos influenciados pelas condições ambientais são os
principais responsáveis pela contaminação biológica do património cultural edificado.
Na tentativa de mitigação destes agentes, compostos geralmente tóxicos têm sido os
mais utilizados. Assim, é de enorme importância desenvolver ações de remediação
dirigidas aos agentes efetivamente biodeteriogénicos, baseados em alternativas
inócuas para o meio ambiente. As bactérias do género Bacillus surgem, como uma
viável alternativa devido à capacidade de produzir metabolitos secundários com
atividade antagonista, contra diversos fungos.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma investigação inovadora que
possa vir a ser útil na área de reabilitação do património cultural edificado, através da
produção de novos biocidas naturais e mais ecológicos.
Utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica, que incluiu testes antifúngicos e
abordagens moleculares, combinadas com técnicas microscópicas e analíticas, de
forma a detetar, caracterizar e estudar a eficiência de compostos biologicamente ativos
produzidos por estripes de Bacillus sp.. Foram ainda utilizados os mecanismos
fisiológicos por detrás da produção destes compostos, de forma a perceber e melhorar
as abordagens estratégicas no processo de otimização da produção. Em testes
toxicológicos, compostos produzidos por estirpes de Bacillus sp. selecionados,
provaram ser uma alternativa ecológica aos biocidas químicos, comumente utilizados
em intervenções de conservação. Desta forma, estes demonstram um elevado potencial
para futura utilização na reabilitação do património cultural edificado.
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Kasiannan, Senthilpavai. "Cultural Connections amidst Heritage Conundrums." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11419.
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All communities form attachments, both physical and metaphysical, and these define a community’s cultural identity. The social phenomenon that connects people and places is as significant as the material heritage; at times more significant. The dominant disourse of heritage has long focused on the preservation and conservation of material remains, and as a consequence it has drawn attention away from the social and cultural contexts which are important. Originating from a set of Western elitist ideas, the ideas of patrimoine and historic monument directed the heritage conservation of the early French in Angkor. Since the rediscovery of the Angkor temples in 1862, early French research was concentrated solely on Angkor’s monumental heritage. A systematic process of documentation, restoration and conservation was begun with the establishment of Conservation d’Angkor in Siem Reap in 1908. The interventions centred on the monuments paid very little attention to the social relevance to the small communities that lived in the region at the time. The local Khmer associations with Angkor Wat and some of the ruined temples through Animism and Buddhism went unnoticed and as a result there is a limited understanding of social values that may have previously existed. The political instability of the 1970s further contributed to this lacuna of knowledge. Authorised Heritage Discourse (after Smith 2006) is legitimised internationally through a series of recommendations, charters, conventions and documents; including the 1972 W orld Heritage Convention. The imposition of these hegemonic constructs of heritage exclude other notions of heritage, and the over-arching outstanding universal value negates the local social values, overshadows local communities and raises concerns about fundamental cultural rights. Angkor World Heritage Site (AWHS) was studied using case study methodology. Five study villages were chosen due to their proximity to signifi cant heritage features, and sixty-three villagers were inter! viewed u sing semi- structured in-depth interview methods, along with thirteen experts. The findings from the interviews clearly establish that the local Khmers are connected to the Angkorian landscape, amidst the heritage conundrums. The study has helped reveal the complexity that exists at Angkor, and the tenuousness of cultural connections that link the local villagers with the Angkorian temples and archaeological remains. These delicate connections, currently threatened by heritage management restrictions, development and tourism need to be nurtured and strengthened. They are important in the assertion of the local community’s cultural identity and an understanding of these connections will help facilitate a better management of the AWHS.
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Haw, Nicole. "Cultural heritage management within nature conservation areas : heritage manager's guide." Pretoria : [s. n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05272008-144143/.
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Carbone, Fabio. "Cultural heritage quality management: analysis of archaeological heritage managers' perception." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16439.
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Doutoramento em TurismoWith this work we propose to analyze the perception of the concept of quality by managers of museums and archaeological sites. To this end, we chose to analyze some heritage areas open to the public and certified by HERITY - World Organisation for the Certification of Quality Management of Cultural Heritage, the only international certification of this kind which has been officially recognized by UNESCO and the World Tourism Organization. The application of the principles of quality and Total Quality Management to cultural heritage management is part of the efforts towards a continuous improvement of the cultural tourism offer and - in our opinion – towards an increasing capacity to promote intercultural dialogue between local population and visitors. In this context, we have therefore investigated the perception of quality within the context of cultural heritage management, and how the culture of quality can provide a greater involvement of local communities, contributing to the strengthening of authenticity and destination personality, as well as the promotion of intercultural dialogue between tourists and residents. To answer these questions, we have defined a theoretical model and subsequently carried out an empirical work at European level on the perception of quality by managers of cultural heritage sites, namely archaeological heritage. An in-depth comprehension of areas such as Archeology, Tourism and Quality Management, as well as its role within the broader context of sustainable regional development, are the basis of this work. The latter is intended, in turn, to be a vehicle of reflection within the creation of public policies on territorial management and tourism development. We thus undertook a research line which is still almost unexplored, that is, the analysis of quality principles within the cultural heritage management, their potential and the measurement of their actual impact on the territory, through an integrated approach, by considering in a specular, complex way the two main beneficiaries: residents and tourists.
Com o presente trabalho nos propomos de analisar a perceção do conceito de qualidade por parte dos gestores dos museus e sítios arqueológicos. Para tal, escolhemos analisar algumas áreas patrimoniais abertas ao publico e certificadas por HERITY - World Organisation for the Certification of Quality Management of Cultural Heritage, única certificação internacional deste género e cuja importância já foi oficialmente reconhecida pela UNESCO e pela Organização Mundial do Turismo. A aplicação dos princípios da qualidade e do Total Quality Management à gestão do património cultural se insere nos esforços para uma melhoria contínua da oferta cultural e turística e – no nosso entender – no aumento da capacidade de promover o diálogo intercultural entre população residente e visitantes. Nos questionamos portanto sobre a percepção do significado de Qualidade no âmbito da gestão do património cultural, e de que forma a cultura da qualidade pode proporcionar um maior envolvimento das comunidades locais, contribuindo assim para o reforço da autenticidade e do caracter do destino, bem como do diálogo intercultural entre turistas e residentes. Para responder a estas perguntas, procuramos definir um modelo teórico que, a seguir, confrontamos com os resultados de um trabalho empírico de âmbito europeu sobre a perceção da qualidade por parte dos gestores do património cultural, nomeadamente arqueológico. O estudo aprofundado do que é a Arqueologia, o Turismo e a Qualidade e a reflexão do papel destes três domínios no âmbito mais abrangente do desenvolvimento territorial sustentável representam a base deste trabalho, que se propõe por sua vez de ser um veículo de reflexão no âmbito da criação das políticas públicas de gestão do território e de desenvolvimento turístico. Empreendemos assim uma linha de investigação ainda pouco explorada, dedicada à analise dos princípios da qualidade no âmbito da gestão do património, às suas potencialidades e à medição dos seus efetivos impactos no território, através de uma abordagem integrada e considerando duma forma não convencional, mas sim especular e complexa os dois principais beneficiários: população residente e turistas.
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Nemaheni, Tshimangadzo Israel. "A cultural heritage resource management plan for Thulamela heritage site." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02082005-085954.
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Nicolson, Kenneth N. "Conserving Hong Kong's heritage cultural landscapes." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32045219.
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Han, Sangwoo. "Cultural heritage management in South Korea /." ON-CAMPUS Access For University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Click on "Connect to Digital Dissertations", 2001. http://www.lib.umn.edu/articles/proquest.phtml.
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Seddon, Robert Francis John. "The ethical patiency of cultural heritage." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3289/.
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Current treatments of cultural heritage as an object of moral concern (whether it be the heritage of mankind or of some particular group of people) have tended to treat it as a means to ensure human wellbeing: either as ‘cultural property’ or ‘cultural patrimony’, suggesting concomitant rights of possession and exclusion, or otherwise as something which, gaining its ethical significance from the roles it plays in people’s lives and the formation of their identities, is the beneficiary at most of indirect moral obligations. In contrast, I argue that cultural heritage, as something whose existence can go well or badly, can itself qualify as a moral patient towards which we may have obligations which need not be accounted for in terms of subsequent benefits to human beings. Drawing inspiration from environmental ethics and suggesting that heritage, like an ecosystem, is a complex network of interrelations which invites a holistic understanding, I develop a framework for thinking about cultural heritage which shows how such a thing can feature in our ethical reflections as intrinsically worthy of respect in spite of its most obvious differences from the ‘natural’ world: the very human origins of cultural heritage and its involvement with human life in all its forms. As part of the development of this framework I consider the epistemic difficulties which arise when for all our holistic sophistication we do find ourselves in the predicament of having to judge the moral worth of some item of heritage, possibly someone else’s heritage and possibly something which we find ourselves disposed to value more because of than despite any mysteries surrounding it. I conclude by offering some tentative illustrations of how such a framework might operate in the practical course of normative moral reasoning about what should be done with items of cultural heritage.
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Zhang, Wei. "Reanimating cultural heritage through digital technologies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6341/.
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Digital technologies are becoming extremely important for web-based cultural heritage applications. This thesis presents novel digital technology solutions to 'access and interact' with digital heritage objects and collections. These innovative solutions utilize service orientation (web services), workflows, and social networking and Web 2.0 mashup technologies to innovate the creation, interpretation and use of collections dispersed in a global museumscape, where community participation is achieved through social networking. These solutions are embedded in a novel concept called Digital Library Services for Playing with Shared Heritage (DISPLAYS). DISPLAYS is concerned with creating tools and services to implement a digital library system, which allows the heritage community and museum professionals alike to create, interpret and use digital heritage content in visualization and interaction environments using web technologies based on social networking. In particular, this thesis presents a specific implementation of DISPLAYS called the Reanimating Cultural Heritage system, which is modelled on the five main functionalities or services defined in the DISPLAYS architecture, content creation, archival, exposition, presentation and interaction, for handling digital heritage objects. The main focus of this thesis is the design of the Reanimating Cultural Heritage system's social networking functionality that provides an innovative solution for integrating community access and interaction with the Sierra Leone digital heritage repository composed of collections from the British Museum, Glasgow Museums and Brighton Museum and Art Gallery. The novel use of Web 2.0 mashups in this digital heritage repository also allows the seamless integration of these museum collections to be merged with user or community generated content, while preserving the quality of museum collections data. Finally, this thesis tests and evaluates the usability of the Reanimating Cultural Heritage social networking system, in particular the suitability of the digital technology solution deployed. Testing is performed with a user group composed of several users, and the results obtained are presented.
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Russell, James Edward. "Cultural property and heritage in Japan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14043/.
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Jote, Kifle. "International legal protection of cultural heritage /." Stockholm : Juristförlaget, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37165744h.
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Macdonald, L. W. "Realistic visualisation of cultural heritage objects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1471969/.
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This research investigation used digital photography in a hemispherical dome, enabling a set of 64 photographic images of an object to be captured in perfect pixel register, with each image illuminated from a different direction. This representation turns out to be much richer than a single 2D image, because it contains information at each point about both the 3D shape of the surface (gradient and local curvature) and the directionality of reflectance (gloss and specularity). Thereby it enables not only interactive visualisation through viewer software, giving the illusion of 3D, but also the reconstruction of an actual 3D surface and highly realistic rendering of a wide range of materials. The following seven outcomes of the research are claimed as novel and therefore as representing contributions to knowledge in the field: A method for determining the geometry of an illumination dome; An adaptive method for finding surface normals by bounded regression; Generating 3D surfaces from photometric stereo; Relationship between surface normals and specular angles; Modelling surface specularity by a modified Lorentzian function; Determining the optimal wavelengths of colour laser scanners; Characterising colour devices by synthetic reflectance spectra.
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Jennings, Theresa. "Leaving school and intangible cultural heritage." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2512.
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This thesis uses the example of school departure rituals, such as the school ball and graduation ceremony, to examine how Intangible Cultural Heritage is represented in scholarly heritage literature. The study draws on interview data collected from secondary students in their final year of schooling to establish if there is a place in heritage literature and policy for Intangible Cultural Heritage performed in a Western context by young people.
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Tam, Yuen-yee Chloe. "Cultural tourism Singapore and Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31953256.
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Fitch, Michelle L. "Native American Empowerment Through Digital Repatriation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2291.
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Following the Enlightenment, Western adherence to positivist theory influenced practices of Western research and documentation. Prior to the introduction of positivism into Western scholarship, innovations in printing technology, literary advancements, and the development of capitalism encouraged the passing of copyright statutes by nation-states in fifteenth century Europe. The evolution of copyright and positivism in Europe influenced United States copyright and its protection of the author, as well as the practice of archiving and its role in interpreting history. Because Native American cultures practiced orality, they suffered the loss of their traditional knowledge and cultural expressions not protected by copyright. By incorporating postmodern perspectives on archiving and poststructuralist views on the formation of knowledge, this thesis argues that Native American tribes now use Western forms of digital technology to create archives, record their histories, and reclaim control of their traditional cultural expressions.
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Patel, Bhadresh. "Enhancing student cultural tolerance through the discovery of cultural heritage." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ47286.pdf.
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Lemoine, April J. Williams Stephen L. "Repatriation of cultural property in museums a balance of values and national agendas /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5073.
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Tattersall, Alexis Marc. "The cultural transition cycle and repatriation of Taiwanese academic sojourners in the UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495793.
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Unver, Eda. "Sustainability Of Cultural Heritage Management: "." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607428/index.pdf.
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This thesis evaluates the Keklik Street and its Surrounding Conservation and Development Project with respect to sustainability principle of Cultural Heritage Management. The achievements and deficiencies of the Project will be discussed and a performance measurement of the physical, functional and organizational sustainability will be done. Finally, the thesis will emphasize the contribution of the sustainability principle of the management approach and its instruments to the heritage conservation process.
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Smith, Amanda Jane, and n/a. "Making cultural heritage policy in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152110.
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This thesis examines how cultural heritage policies are developed in New Zealand. Cultural heritage symbolises the development of a society, illustrating past events and changing customs and values. Because of its significance, the government has accepted responsibility for protecting cultural heritage, and has developed a number of institutions and a variety of policies to address this responsibility. It is important to understand how the goverment uses these mechanisms to protect cultural heritage, and the subsequent relationships that have developed between actors in the cultural heritage area. These will have an impact on the effectiveness of the policy which is developed.
Cultural heritage is treasured by society for a number of reasons, but as social attitudes change, so does the treatment of cultural heritage. It is re-defined, re-interpreted and used to promote a sense of pride in the commmunity. This manipulation extends to policy making. Since the 1980s, the government has influenced, and been influenced by, two major social changes. There has been an introduction of free market principles such as rationalisation, competition and fiscal responsibility into the New Zealand economy and political structure. These principles have been applied to cultural heritage and consequently cultural heritage is treated as a commodity. As the result of changing attitudes towards the treatment of the Maori and Maori resources, there has been a movement towards implementing biculturalism. This has meant a re-evaluation of how Maori taonga is treated, particularly of the ways Maori cultural heritage has been used to promote a sense of New Zealandness.
There are several major actors involved in cultural heritage policy making - government, policy units, cultural heritage organisations and local authorities. Central government is the dominant force in the political process, with control over the distribution of resources and the responsibilities assigned to other actors. Because the use of market principles and movement towards biculturalism have been embraced at the central government level, other actors in the policy making process are also expected to adopt them. Policy units develop options to fit with the government�s general economic and political agenda. The structures adopted for the public service are designed to encompass market principles, particularly the efficient use of resources and competitiveness. While cultural heritage organisations may influence the government�s agenda through lobbying and information-sharing, they are limited by issues such as funding and statutory requirements. Government has shifted many responsibilities to the regions, but while territorial authorities are influenced by the concerns of their communities, they are also subject to directions from the government.
The process and structures which have been outlined do not contribute to an effective policy making system. The use of market principles to direct cultural heritage protection tends to encourage uneven and inconsistent policies, both at national and local levels. The range of cultural heritage definitions used by government agencies also promotes inconsistency. Cultural heritage is encompassed in a large number of government departments and ministries, which makes the co-ordination funding by meeting required �outputs� and the government�s requirement of fiscal responsibility. This is not appropriate language for cultural heritage, which should not have to be rationalised as an economic good. Although the government has devolved a number of responsibilities and territorial authorities have a variety of mechanisms available to protect cultural heritage, there is no nation-wide criteria for territorial involvement. Because of regional differences there is an uneven treatment of cultural heritage. Those policies developed by territorial authorities will also be influenced by the government�s economic direction. Organisations supported by the Dunedin City Council, for example, must also provide budgets and strategic plans which fit with Council�s fiscal objectives.
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Shore, Nicolas. "Whose heritage? : the construction of cultural built heritage in a pluralist, multicultural England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1654.
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Much recent debate surrounding the conservation of cultural built heritage (CBH) concerns its instrumental role in society. In Britain, the ascendance of openly contested identity politics and New Labour's orthodoxy of socially progressive reform draw attention to particular challenges facing heritage conservation activities in a pluralist, multicultural society. Here, it is argued, ethnic minorities face exclusion from state-defined heritages which they may not share. Yet despite its appropriation to pursue social objectives, the meaning of CBH, in terms of what it is and what it does at local community level, remains little understood. Accordingly, as heritage agencies strive to democratise their activities, the benefits of broadening access to national CBH, while taken as a matter of faith, remain untested and unexplored. This thesis tests the actuality and extent of post-modem notions of CBH in a culturally diverse local community setting. By building on a cross-disciplinary theoretical framework, and using qualitative methods within an in-depth spatially defined case study, the research explores how CBH is defined, given meaning and how and why it is contested. Perceptual dysfunction between producer aims and consumer requirements is identified through critically analysing efforts to re-evaluate and revise existing definitions of national CBH. The research challenges the sustainability of reform directives stemming from the heritage sector and government, which are shown as incompliant with the values and meanings placed on heritage by participants. Reformist intervention in heritage policy must therefore acknowledge and accept the reality that such moves also have the potential to generate new forms of exclusion. The thesis concludes that we should focus less on efforts to (re)define CBH in a way that neutralises difference and more on developing understandings of the processes through which people define their experiences of heritage in their own social contexts. The work provides a platform for critical discourse and reflection on heritage encompassing the key fields of identity, democracy and ownership of the past.
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Heale, Daniel. "Egypt's hidden heritage : cultural heritage management and the archaeology of the Coptic Church." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2016. http://repository.winchester.ac.uk/1236/.
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The Christian cultural heritage of north Africa is ancient and rich, but at risk after recent political events. Many Christian minority communities living in Islamic environments feel at risk of persecution. This is a topical and timely PhD. The Christian, Coptic heritage of Egypt remains poorly studied from the perspective of heritage management and is also at risk from a number of factors. Using first-hand study and analysis based upon original fieldwork, the thesis offers a state of the art assessment to risks facing Coptic monuments in Egypt today. It does this by situating Egyptian heritage policy within the English framework, and it establishes theoretical approaches to value, significance, meaning, and interpretation in Egyptian heritage within a wider global framework. It is based on the analysis of three markedly different Egyptian Christian Coptic sites, each with their own unique management issues and it offers a series of solutions and ideas to preserve, manage and interpret this unique material culture and to emphasise community solutions as being the most viable and sustainable approaches, whilst taking into account the varied levels of significance of these monuments.
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Tam, Yuen-yee Chloe, and 譚婉儀. "Cultural tourism: Singapore and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953256.
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Pannunzio, Marco. "Meccanismi di gamification applicati in ambito cultural heritage." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13064/.
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In questo documento vengono analizzati i campi di gamification e le digital humanities nei loro aspetti sia positivi che negativi. Sono poi stati applicati i metodi di entrambi al progetto "di Piazza in Piazza" creando un percorso di contenuti digitali esplorabile dall'utente, con all'interno meccaniche di gamification per rendere l'esplorazione divertente e creare una sensazione di progressione all'interno dell'applicativo.
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Ma, Ruo Wei. "Economic valuation of the cultural heritage in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636337.
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Hakopdjanian, Gareguin. "Cultural heritage and revolutions in Russia and Nicaragua." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40009.pdf.
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Lee, Ka-yin Anna, and 李家賢. "Urban governance and cultural heritage conservation in Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206346.
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The pursuit of cultural heritage conservation is particularly problematic in China as the country has been undergoing substantial changes in its governance processes in the post-reform era. As the regime becomes less authoritarian and more pluralized, a multitude of stakeholders (both state and non-state), are now involved in promoting, constructing, challenging and safeguarding a variety of meanings and values in heritage. This thesis incorporates an urban governance lens to examine the policy and practical problems in conserving urban built heritage in contemporary China. This approach offers a new perspective in understanding the distribution of authority and power between the state and society as well as its effect on the management of public affairs. The reconfigurations of the role of the state, market and civil society have ushered in a new phase of urban politics that have enormous implications for built heritage conservation practices.
As a result of reforms, conventional stakeholders have assumed new roles in politics; meanwhile, an increasing variety and number of new stakeholders connected to the non-state sector have also emerged; and their relationships and interactions with the state have become increasingly complex. An urban governance perspective draws attention to the new arrangements embedded in these relationships, which have profoundly impacted the decision-making processes in conservation, re-shaped the interpretation of heritage values, re-defined the scope of heritage and re-thought the use of heritage in Guangzhou.
By employing a case-study approach, this thesis provides a detailed analysis of the conservation efforts undertaken by various stakeholder groups in Guangzhou in the post-reform era. Guangzhou is one of the country’s designated historic cities; it is also the provincial capital of Guangdong and has experienced rapid marketization over the past three decades. Three district-specific cases are selected to provide an in-depth analysis on the changing relationships among concerned stakeholders. The case of Shamian Island demonstrates the rigidity and constraints of central-local relation; while the case of Xinhepu discloses the evolving state-market relation. Finally, the case of Enning Road examines the rise of non-state stakeholders and their power struggle against the state. These cases were selected because each of them covers a particular heritage aspect that is directly related to the three-pronged national conservation hierarchical framework. The findings in the three cases respectively reveal the intricacies of conservation politics: the bureaucratic politics in the management and conservation of designated heritage; the struggle between state and society over what legitimate type of history is considered as “national” history and the maintenance of its local significance; and the operation-cum-conservation of heritage assets by market forces in China’s transitional economy.
The findings of this thesis contribute to a broadened understanding of the changing roles and functions of the state, market and civil society in China’s transitional period; thus revealing the major deficiencies in the existing institutional and managerial frameworks for built heritage conservation in Guangzhou. This thesis also documents the impacts and outcomes of the actions of various state and non-state stakeholders on the prospect of built heritage conservation at an urban scale in China.published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Joseph, Edith Michelle Maryse <1977>. "Application of FTIR microscopy to cultural heritage materials." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1404/.
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Research in art conservation has been developed from the early 1950s, giving a significant contribution to the conservation-restoration of cultural heritage artefacts. In fact, only through a profound knowledge about the nature and conditions of constituent materials, suitable decisions on the conservation and restoration measures can thus be adopted and preservation practices enhanced. The study of ancient artworks is particularly challenging as they can be considered as heterogeneous and multilayered systems where numerous interactions between the different components as well as degradation and ageing phenomena take place. However, difficulties to physically separate the different layers due to their thickness (1-200 µm) can result in the inaccurate attribution of the identified compounds to a specific layer. Therefore, details can only be analysed when the sample preparation method leaves the layer structure intact, as for example the preparation of embedding cross sections in synthetic resins. Hence, spatially resolved analytical techniques are required not only to exactly characterize the nature of the compounds but also to obtain precise chemical and physical information about ongoing changes. This thesis focuses on the application of FTIR microspectroscopic techniques for cultural heritage materials. The first section is aimed at introducing the use of FTIR microscopy in conservation science with a particular attention to the sampling criteria and sample preparation methods. The second section is aimed at evaluating and validating the use of different FTIR microscopic analytical methods applied to the study of different art conservation issues which may be encountered dealing with cultural heritage artefacts: the characterisation of the artistic execution technique (chapter II-1), the studies on degradation phenomena (chapter II-2) and finally the evaluation of protective treatments (chapter II-3). The third and last section is divided into three chapters which underline recent developments in FTIR spectroscopy for the characterisation of paint cross sections and in particular thin organic layers: a newly developed preparation method with embedding systems in infrared transparent salts (chapter III-1), the new opportunities offered by macro-ATR imaging spectroscopy (chapter III-2) and the possibilities achieved with the different FTIR microspectroscopic techniques nowadays available (chapter III-3).
In chapter II-1, FTIR microspectroscopy as molecular analysis, is presented in an integrated approach with other analytical techniques. The proposed sequence is optimized in function of the limited quantity of sample available and this methodology permits to identify the painting materials and characterise the adopted execution technique and state of conservation. Chapter II-2 describes the characterisation of the degradation products with FTIR microscopy since the investigation on the ageing processes encountered in old artefacts represents one of the most important issues in conservation research. Metal carboxylates resulting from the interaction between pigments and binding media are characterized using synthesised metal palmitates and their production is detected on copper-, zinc-, manganese- and lead- (associated with lead carbonate) based pigments dispersed either in oil or egg tempera. Moreover, significant effects seem to be obtained with iron and cobalt (acceleration of the triglycerides hydrolysis). For the first time on sienna and umber paints, manganese carboxylates are also observed. Finally in chapter II-3, FTIR microscopy is combined with further elemental analyses to characterise and estimate the performances and stability of newly developed treatments, which should better fit conservation-restoration problems.
In the second part, in chapter III-1, an innovative embedding system in potassium bromide is reported focusing on the characterisation and localisation of organic substances in cross sections. Not only the identification but also the distribution of proteinaceous, lipidic or resinaceous materials, are evidenced directly on different paint cross sections, especially in thin layers of the order of 10 µm. Chapter III-2 describes the use of a conventional diamond ATR accessory coupled with a focal plane array to obtain chemical images of multi-layered paint cross sections. A rapid and simple identification of the different compounds is achieved without the use of any infrared microscope objectives. Finally, the latest FTIR techniques available are highlighted in chapter III-3 in a comparative study for the characterisation of paint cross sections. Results in terms of spatial resolution, data quality and chemical information obtained are presented and in particular, a new FTIR microscope equipped with a linear array detector, which permits reducing the spatial resolution limit to approximately 5 µm, provides very promising results and may represent a good alternative to either mapping or imaging systems.
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Happa, Jassim. "High-fidelity rendering and display of cultural heritage." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49417/.
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Many Cultural Heritage (CH) reconstructions today use black box rendering solutions with little regard to appropriate addition of lighting, material light reflectance properties or light transport algorithms. This may be in favour of faster computational performance or is simply not a priority (as long as the end result is visually convincing). This can lead to misrepresenting CH environments, both in their present and past forms. The handful of publications that do pay special attention to lighting, emphasise on case specific problems rather than attempting to generalise a rendering pipeline tailored to the needs of CH scenes. The dissertation presents a research framework to render CH scenes appropriately and novel approaches to document, estimate and accelerate global illumination for virtual archaeology purposes. First, three reconstruction case studies with an unbiased rendering pipeline in mind are presented. Second, a research framework to reverse-engineer the past (through high-fidelity rendering) is overviewed. Through this proposed framework, it is possible to create historically and physically accurate models based on input available today. The approach is an extension to the established Predictive Rendering pipeline by introducing a historical comparison component. Third, a novel method to preview appropriately lit virtual environments is presented. The method is particularly useful for CH rendition, extending Image-based Lighting to employ empirically captured illumination to relight interior CH scenes. It is intended as a fast high-quality preview method for CH models before a high-quality render is initiated, therefore also making it useful in a Predictive Rendering context. Finally, a study on uses of High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging specifically for CH documentation and display purposes is also presented. This includes the use of a novel prototype camera to illustrate a proof-of-concept on how to document vast dynamic ranges of light based on the needs of CH research using HDR video.
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Barcelona, Bergenwall Hugo. "Kulturrum Visby : Adding in a cultural heritage site." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektonisk gestaltning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229809.
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Paraschakis, Dimitris. "Crowdsourcing cultural heritage metadata through social media gaming." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20739.
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Crowdsourcing has been used in the cultural heritage domain for a variety of tasks. One of them is generation of descriptive metadata for digital archives. Gamification offers citizens a more entertaining way to interact with digital collections and generate useful metadata as a side effect of gameplay. The rise of social gaming on Facebook in recent years opens new horizons for cultural heritage institutions to leverage the capabilities of social networking platforms and to gain immediate access to millions of potential contributors. In this work, we explore the integration of social networks with crowdsourcing games for generating archival metadata. We studied crowdsourcing, gamification and social dynamics from the perspective of cultural heritage and combine their features in a metadata game prototype on the Facebook platform. We tested our prototype and evaluate its results by analysing participation, contribution and player feedback. The two-week testing phase showed promising results in terms of user engagement and produced metadata: almost 3000 tags were added, 90% of which were valid dictionary terms. We conclude that deploying metadata games on social networking platforms is a feasible method for digital archives to harness human intelligence from large shared spaces.
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Batt, Catherine M., I. Zananiri, and D. H. Tarling. "Archaeomagnetic Applications for the Rescue of Cultural Heritage." Elsevier, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4645.
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Carvalho, Ana, and Filipe Themudo Barata. "Portuguese legislation on intangible cultural heritage and inventories." Bachelor's thesis, Mar de Culturas, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/8972.
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The article analyses the Portuguese legislation about Cultural Heritage, namely the approach towards Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), a new category promoted by the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003). Furthermore, it presents general considerations regarding inventories in the Portuguese scene, considering the importance of identifying ICH as a preliminary step in order to develop safeguarding strategies.
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Kim, Soojung. "Intangible cultural heritage and sustainable tourism resource development." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/382686.
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Intangible cultural heritage is representative of a community’s cultural authenticity and identity and includes oral traditions, performing arts, festive events or traditional craftsmanship which have been inherited over generations (UNESCO, 2003). Each culturally diverse community possesses its own unique and authentic intangible cultural heritage, which is not only an integral element of the soul of a community, but can be a vital resource for generating tourism at the national and local levels.
There is little argument that intangible cultural heritage can provide a destination and/or community with a unique selling point and competitive advantage in the global marketplace. Intangible cultural heritage is experiential by nature, thus supports tourists in their desire to have a culturally authentic experience. In the process of commodification, however, intangible cultural heritage is transformed and staged too often and to varying degrees, which can lead to a loss of its authenticity (Alivizatou, 2012; Giudici, Melis, Dessi, & Ramos, 2013). Therefore, an approach facilitating intangible cultural heritage as a sustainable tourism resource is tenuous (WTO, 2012).
Despite the increasing attention to intangible cultural heritage and the advice to adopt sustainable approach in the development of intangible cultural heritage as a tourism resource, little research has explored intangible cultural heritage from sustainability perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the extent to which the development of intangible cultural heritage facilitates the development of a sustainable tourism resource. To achieve this, the following three objectives were developed. First, to situate the sustainable tourism development literature within the context of intangible cultural heritage; second, to analyse public organisations’ documents in order to determine the extent to which they have facilitated the development of intangible cultural heritage as a sustainable tourism resource; and third, to establish a framework facilitating intangible cultural heritage as a sustainable tourism resource.
This study adopted a single case study, with South Korea as a single representative case. A qualitative-dominant, mixed method approach was used in the process of data collection, analysis and interpretation. A total of 131 public documents from six public organisations were analysed for the second objective. Semi-structured face to face interviews were conducted with a total of 25 intangible cultural heritage practitioners and 22 locals; and questionnaires were given to 255 visitors at National Intangible Heritage Centre in Korea and then collected, to address the third objective.
The critical interpretive analysis of 131 public documents revealed that overall, Korean public organisations’ goals and strategies have shown a propensity toward economic neoliberalism, mainly by regarding intangible cultural heritage tourism resources as economic tools. To a much lesser extent, they focus on social development such as ICH practitioners’ equity to participation in the decision-making process and/or intangible cultural heritage practitioners’ empowerment.
The analysis of 47 interviews with intangible cultural heritage practitioners and locals, and of 255 questionnaires revealed that safeguarding intangible cultural heritage and developing its tourism role share a symbiotic relationship. This study presents a framework to facilitate the growth of the symbiotic relationships. The framework suggests, for the symbiotic relationship to be facilitated, a top-down approach blended with a bottom up approach, cooperation between stakeholders, and entrepreneurship are necessary.
This research addresses a gap in the literature and provides the practical understanding of intangible cultural heritage development. The exploratory research on intangible cultural heritage provides a much-needed framework for intangible cultural heritage to be a sustainable tourism resource, which can be groundwork for future academic research. Moreover, the project offers valuable insight into the combination of various intangible cultural heritage development strategies within one destination (i.e., South Korea), in order to reduce overlapping efforts by stakeholders in South Korea and maximise synergies to facilitate a greater range of positive impacts on the development of intangible cultural heritage for communities.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Kogelschatz, Megan. "Protecting the Past for a Better Future: Protecting Palestinian Cultural Heritage." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20523.
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Cultural heritage is fundamentally important to humanity. Societies around the world have recognized this for centuries. However, in the context of war, damage to cultural heritage goes unnoticed until it is too late.
Palestinian cultural heritage is disappearing at a rate of 12,000 pieces per year. If this destruction continues, there may not be any cultural heritage left for future generations. This paper examines the current legal framework in place for the protection of Palestinian cultural heritage in light of the biggest threats to it, in order to determine if there is an adequate legal framework in place for the protection of Palestinian cultural heritage. Then, considering how many cultural heritage pieces have already been illicitly exported from the Palestinian territories, I examine the legal duties of the Palestinian government, Israeli government, and International governments that may aid in the restitution of Palestinian cultural heritage.
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Dromgoole, Sarah. "Law and the underwater cultural heritage : a legal framework for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage of the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308336.
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Tarantal, Kathi Lyn. "The expatriate episode : an investigation into the cultural dimensions of relocation." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06192007-083941.
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Affleck, Janice. "Memory capsules discursive interpretation of cultural heritage through digital media /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38587373.
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Bitar, Nádia Matioli Yazbek. "Hydropower plants: a mosaic of landscape heritage." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24354.
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Cette recherche a abordé différentes manières de penser et d'agir sur le paysage des centrales hydroélectriques. Il vise à identifier comment des paysages particuliers (et compris en tant que patrimoine) sont traités dans différents cas et situations dans le monde où l’industrie des barrages s’impose et se réinvente. Pour cela, le travail reprend les concepts de paysage présents dans les débats théoriques de la géographie, mais en dialogue avec d'autres domaines, tels que les arts, la littérature ou l'ingénierie, compte tenu du potentiel de ce concept à catalyser des approches interdisciplinaires. La méthodologie proposée est basée sur l'inventaire des différents cadres (politiques, esthétiques, écologiques, éthiques) à un exercice à l'identification des particularités, mais aussi des déterminations générales qui se chevauchent l'espace habité (écoumène) face à des projets d'une telle ampleur. Ainsi, la proposition d'une mosaïque de paysages hydroélectriques destinés à évoquer la discussion entre le local et le global; exposer des scénarios critiques qui se répètent dans le monde et qui, d'un autre côté, ont permis de révéler des expériences et des sensibilités qui indiquent d'autres perspectives, peut-être plus encourageantes; Este trabalho abordou diferentes formas de pensamento e atuação sobre a paisagem das Centrais Hidrelétricas. Procurou identificar como uma paisagem tão singular (e entendida como um património) é tratada em diferentes casos e situações no mundo onde a indústria das barragens se impõe e se reinventa. O trabalho resgata conceitos de paisagem que estão presentes nos debates teóricos da geografia, mas que dialogam com outros campos, como as artes, literatura ou engenharia devido ao potencial deste conceito em catalisar abordagens interdisciplinares. A metodologia proposta baseia-se e inventários feitos em diferentes contextos (político, estético, ecológico, ético) como exercício de identificação das particularidades, mas também de determinações gerais que se sobrepõem ao espaço habitado (ecúmeno) pressionados em face de projetos de tal magnitude. Assim, a proposição de um mosaico de paisagens de hidroelétricas procurou despertar a discussão entre o local e o global, expondo cenários críticos que se repetem no mundo e que por outro lado também permitiram revelar experiências e sensibilidades que apontam para a outras perspectivas, talvez mais animadoras; Abstract: This research approached different ways of thinking and acting on landscape of Hydroelectric Power Plants. It aimed to identify how a landscape so unique (and understood as a heritage) is treated in different cases and situations in the world where the dam industry imposes and reinvents itself. For this, the work rescues concepts of landscape present in the theoretical debates of geography, but that dialogue with other fields, such as the arts, literature or engineering, given the potential of this concept to catalyze interdisciplinary approaches. The proposed methodology is based on inventories of different framework (political, aesthetic, ecological, ethical) as an exercise in the identification of particularities, but also of general determinations that overlap the inhabited space (ecumene) in the face of projects of such magnitude. Thus, the proposition of a mosaic of hydroelectric landscapes intended to awaken the discussion between the local and the global, exposing critical scenarios that are repeated in the world and that, on the other hand, also allowed to reveal experiences and sensibilities that point to other perspectives, perhaps more encouraging.