Academic literature on the topic 'Repayment obligations'

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Journal articles on the topic "Repayment obligations"

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Adam, Klaus, and Michael Grill. "Optimal Sovereign Default." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 128–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20140093.

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When is it optimal for a fully committed government to default on its legal repayment obligations? Considering a small open economy with domestic production risk and noncontingent government debt, we show that it is ex ante optimal to occasionally deviate from the legal repayment obligation and to repay debt only partially. This holds true even if default generates significant deadweight costs ex post. A quantitative analysis reveals that default is optimal only in response to persistent disaster-like shocks to domestic output. Applying the framework to the situation in Greece, we find that optimal default policies suggest a considerably larger and more timely default than the one actually implemented in the year 2012. (JEL E23, E62, F41, H63)
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Mironova, A. N. "IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR FINANCIAL REHABILITATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 4 (October 25, 2014): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2013-4-74-80.

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A methodology for developing a financial rehabilitation plan and a debts repayment schedule is presented, which may be applied during the procedure of financial rehabilitation of an organization engaged in the industrial sector. The structure of the financial rehabilitation plan and a template of the debts repayment schedule for industrial enterprises is presented, a developed algorithm with the formulae for calculation of precedence of repayment of the creditor’s demands in the form of a flowchart is presented, a formula for calculation of the total amount of the due debt is adjusted, and the feasibility of developing the financial rehabilitation plan is substantiated, whether or not the obligations performance is secured.
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Solner, Anna. "Instytucja udzielania ulg w spłacie zobowiązań z tytułu należności wynikających ze zwrotu środków europejskich." Prawo 322 (July 6, 2017): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.322.7.

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The institution of granting tax relief in the repayment of obligation resulting from the European funds refundThe purpose of this article is to indicate principles of granting tax relief in the repayment of obli­gations resulting from the European funds refund based on the administrative resolution given by the administrative body in cases when European funds disbursed as part of operational programmes were used contrary to its intended purpose, with violating procedures, charged undue or in the ex­cess height. The article distinguishes three types of tax relief: redemption in one piece or in part, postponing the repayment and spreading in instalments. It determines detailed principles of granting tax break for beneficiaries of not drivers of the business activity as well as for entrepreneurs, granted at the request of the beneficiary, as well as ex officio. The article is defining premises of granting these concessions i.e. the important interest of the taxpayer or the public interest. It is clarifying the principles of basing the administrative resolution on the administrative recognition and in case of entrepreneurs with reference to tax relieves constituting the state aid. The institution of granting concessions in the repayment is the exception from the principle of the universality and the equality of regulating these obligations. Irrespective of the entity initiating proceedings, relief can be granted only where justified, within the limits closely defined by the law. Granting it constitutes privilege of the beneficiary more than a rule.
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Ahn, Hyun-Soo, Derek D. Wang, and Owen Q. Wu. "Asset Selling Under Debt Obligations." Operations Research 69, no. 4 (July 2021): 1305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1961.

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We extend the classical asset-selling problem to include debt repayment obligation, selling capacity constraint, and Markov price evolution. Specifically, we consider the problem of selling a divisible asset that is acquired through debt financing. The amount of asset that can be sold per period may be limited by physical constraints. The seller uses part of the sales revenue to repay the debt. If unable to pay off the debt, the seller must go bankrupt and liquidate the remaining asset. Our analysis reveals that in the presence of debt, the optimal asset-selling policy must take into account two opposing forces: an incentive to sell part of the asset early to secure debt payment and an incentive to delay selling the asset to capture revenue potential under limited liability. We analyze how these two forces, originating from debt financing, will distort the seller’s optimal policy.
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Габов, Андрей, and Andrey Gabov. "Billholder Rights in the Reorganization of a Legal Entity." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 6 (May 30, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19765.

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Reorganization of a legal entity entails significant risks for creditors. To reduce risks, the law (article 60 of the RF Сivil Сode) vests the lenders with special rights. When a legal entity makes the decision about its reorganization, the creditor has the right to demand early performance of obligations, and in case of impossibility of early performance – to require the termination of obligations and compensation for losses. The application of this general rule to the creditors, whose rights are based on the bill, faces a problem: the Regulation on bills and notes of 1937 (article 43) does not mention reorganization as grounds for early repayment of the bill. In the present paper, the author proves that the bill holders have the rights envisaged by article 60 of the RF Civil Сode. The author analyzes the problems in case of bill presentation for repayment.
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Husain, Aasim Mairaj. "Forgiveness, Buybacks, and Exit Bonds: An Analysis of Alternate Debt Relief Strategies." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 4II (December 1, 1988): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i4iipp.819-828.

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The 1980s have seen the issue of Third World debt rise to prominence as one of the foremost concerns for economic policy-makers. The foreign indebtedness of many developing countries has risen to such high levels that the casual observer is forced to wonder if the debt will ever be paid back. Many scholars are now arguing that the debt obligations of some of the most heavily indebted countries (HICs)are so large that they act as a severe disincentive to investment. These disincentives, in turn, reduce growth rates in the HICs, thereby making future repayments even less likely. Many explanations for the onslaught of the debt crisis have been offered. The late Seventies and early Eighties saw a rapid rise in interest rates as well as an equally rapid deterioration of the terms of trade of many HICs. Many sovereign debtors, which had been excellent investment opportunities for creditor banks, were suddenly insolvent. Low output shocks further exacerbated repayment possibilities. Faced with the possibility of non-payment, creditors entered into rescheduling negotiations with sovereign borrowers. These rescheduling have involved bargaining over the amount of repayment that will be made.
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Valls Martínez, María del Carmen, and Salvador Cruz Rambaud. "Loan Transactions with Random Dates for the First and Last Periodic Instalments." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2152189.

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Usually, loan transactions contracted in practice are nonrandom; that is to say, all amounts received (principal) and paid (period instalments) by the borrower are previously agreed with the lender, as well as their respective dates. In this paper, two new alternative loan models are introduced, depending on whether the borrower survives or not to fulfil all repayment obligations. In this way, either the initial or the final date of repayments can be subject to this contingency. Additionally, the different parameters of such random transactions are determined, as well as several measures of profitability/cost for the lender/borrower, respectively. These transactions can be attractive for both the lender and the borrower, which therefore make them worthy of consideration and subsequent implementation for the benefit of both parties.
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Nadtochii, Igor' Olegovich, and Roman Petrovich Trukhan. "Emergence of the category of “accessority” and historical peculiarities of its reception in Russian civil law." Юридические исследования, no. 5 (May 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2021.5.35572.

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The subject of the article is the examination of evolution of the institution of accessory obligations and its gradual “infiltration” into Russian law. The author reviews the genesis of the category of “accessority” in Roman law, within the framework of which its initial formula “the validity of the accessory legal relationship is predetermined by the validity of the basic legal relationship" gained widespread. Description is given to the peculiarities of evolution of accessority in Russian law. In civil law of pre-revolutionary Russia, accessority was being neglected for a long time. In the Soviet period, the identification of the terms “security obligation” and “accessory obligation” established in civil science. Currently, in Russian law, the concept of “accessority” is identified with the security obligation. The conclusion is made on versatility of the category of “accessority”. In the course of the development of law, the concept of accessory obligations undergone significant changes – from perception of accessority as a certain obligation that ensures the repayment of debt and the transfer of “belonging” to the sold goods towards its identification with security obligations as a whole. With time, the opinion that accessority is attributed to different types of obligations with own features and specifics, has established in the legal doctrine. The relevance of the selected topic is defined by a range of problematic questions, which have not been previously covered in Russian civil science. Thus, the legislation of the Russian Federation does not contain a legal definition of the concept of accessory obligations. The civil law doctrine also does not have a unanimity of opinion on the matter. The authors assume that the established situation, namely in the context of the civil legislation that has been fundamentally reformed in 2012 – 2015, does not contribute to unified understanding of the essence of accessory obligations and optimization of their doctrinal interpretation.
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Johnstone, D. Bruce. "Conventional Fixed‐schedule versus Income Contingent Repayment Obligations: Is There aBestLoan Scheme?" Higher Education in Europe 34, no. 2 (July 2009): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03797720902867377.

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Bolotov, Maksim Viktorovich. "The problems of fulfilling the obligations of a bankrupt debtor by a third party within the framework of personal bankruptcy procedure." Право и политика, no. 9 (September 2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.9.33880.

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This article is dedicated to the problem of fulfillment of obligations of a bankrupt debtor by a third party within the framework of personal bankruptcy procedure and the possibility of application of rules set for legal entity debtors. Research is conducted on the need to maintain not only certain sequence of actions of the third party, arbitration administrator and the court, but also the question of proof of origin of funds. Each year brings a growing number of personal bankruptcy cases, prompting the growing need for application of norms on fulfillment of obligations of a debtor by a third party. Within the framework of personal bankruptcy institution there are no such norms, while the law enforcement practice demonstrates a need for norms on fulfillment of obligations of debtors by third parties in the context of the procedure of debt restructuring and liquidation of property. The rules established by the Articles 113 and 125 of the Bankruptcy Law can be applied in resolution of the question of repayment of personal debts by a third party. At the same time, in addition to adherence to the formal order of repayment requirements, it is necessary to examine the question of the source of funds received by the third party.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Repayment obligations"

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"PPP引入对城市规划与建设影响的研究." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53535.

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abstract: 近些年来,我国城市化进程不断加快,到2020年我国常住人口城镇化率将达到60%左右,户籍人口城镇化率将会达到45%左右。伴随着我国城市化进程的高速推进以及经济水平的不断提高,公共物品及服务的需求程度加大,政府单独出资建设公共项目会导致资金不足、经营管理效率低下等问题。与此同时,我国当前不同层级地方政府的政府性债务都达到了一个非常高的水平,截至2017年末,中国地方政府债务16.47万亿元,债务率(债务余额/综合财力)为76.5%,其中地方负有偿还责任的债务约12.9万亿,地方政府性债务的控制和转化成为经济新常态下重要特征之一。在地方债务压力较大的情况下,PPP将替代土地财政和地方政府融资,为我国新型城镇化建设提供可持续的资金支持,PPP模式成为当前城市建设领域融资的重要选项。 据此,本文基于实证研究方法探讨在债务约束的背景下,在地方政府债务约束下,PPP模式的引入,对城市规划中建设用地面积、人口规划规模与容量、建设用地属性等的城市规划变量的影响;与此同时,考虑到地方政府的政策很大程度上受到是由地方官员,特别是受到作为地方政府党政“一把手”的市委书记和市长的晋升压力和激励的影响,讨论市委书记/市长的晋升压力和激励对PPP模式引入效果的影响。研究发现,在地方政府债务约束下,PPP模式的引入,显著增加城市规划中建设用地面积、人口规划规模与容量、建设用地属性等的城市规划变量;同时,地方政府官员存在利用PPP放大城市建设和规划规模的行为,反映了PPP项目在引入和使用的过程中很大程度上受政府官员的激励的影响。
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019
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Books on the topic "Repayment obligations"

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Resources, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural. Bonneville Power Administration's repayment of its obligations to the U.S. Treasury: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, on the history and methodology of the Bonneville Power Administration's repayment ... September 13, 1984. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Bonneville Power Administration's repayment of its obligations to the U.S. Treasury: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, on the history and methodology of the Bonneville Power Administration's repayment ... September 13, 1984. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Bonneville Power Administration's repayment of its obligations to the U.S. Treasury: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, on the history and methodology of the Bonneville Power Administration's repayment ... September 13, 1984. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Office, General Accounting. Deposit insurance funds: Compliance with obligation and repayment requirements as of June 30, 1992 : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.

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Regulation, United States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy Production and. Bonneville Power Administration Appropriations Refinancing Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Production and Regulation of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on S. 92, to provide for the reconstitution of outstanding repayment obligations of the administrator of the Bonneville Power Administration for the appropriated capital investments in the federal Columbia River power system, March 21, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Hugh, Beale, Bridge Michael, Gullifer Louise, and Lomnicka Eva. Part I Introduction, 1 Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198795568.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter talks about propriety security taken by creditors from debtors to support the repayment of loans or, much less frequently, the performance of other obligations. The security normally takes the form of a pledge, mortgage, or charge over the debtor’s property. The chapter also considers transactions that on a traditional analysis do not involve the taking of security but that have a similar economic function, in that a party that provides credit retains property rights over assets that in practice are being purchased by the debtor with the credit provided. These transactions involve what is often called ‘vendor credit’ as opposed to ‘lender credit’. The equivalent of security may also be produced by a host of other contractual devices, such as priority agreements, contractual set-off, and liens over sub-freights.
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Drelichman, Mauricio, and Hans-Joachim Voth. Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691151496.003.0010.

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This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.
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Deposit insurance funds: Compliance with obligation and repayment requirements as of March 31, 1992 : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.

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Deposit insurance funds: Compliance with obligation and repayment requirements as of 3/31/93 and 6/30/93 : report to congressional committees. Washington, DC: The Office, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Repayment obligations"

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Bantekas, Ilias. "A Sovereign Debt Arbitral Mechanism from a Human Rights Perspective." In Sovereign Debt and Human Rights, 458–76. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810445.003.0025.

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From time to time, States experience difficulty in servicing their debts. This necessitates changes to the repayment terms of repayment on at least some of their debt—either that the terms are made flexible or the debt or part of it be cancelled. Importantly, there is a recognised need for debt repayment problems and debt-related disputes to be resolved through an independent and impartial process. This chapter discusses efforts to create an international sovereign debt restructuring mechanism which is not only independent of both lenders and borrowers but also seeks to ensure that States that are struggling with debt repayment can achieve economic viability and growth and restore their capacity to service their external debts without compromising the fulfilment of their international human rights obligations. Particular attention will be paid to the UN Basic Principles on Sovereign Debt Restructuring and their implications for the future of sovereign debt restructuring.
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Lyons QC, Timothy. "Repayment and Remission, Decisions and Appeals." In EU Customs Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784029.003.0013.

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The repayment and remission of customs duty and appeals against decisions of customs authorities are dealt with in different chapters of the UCC just as they were in the CCC. Repayment and remission is in the UCC Title III (‘Customs Debt and Guarantees’), Chapter 3, section 3 (‘Repayment and Remission’), which includes sections 116 to 123. The sections on decisions and appeals are in Title I (‘General Provisions’), Chapter 2 (‘Rights and Obligations of Persons with regard to the Customs Legislation’), section 3 (Articles 22 to 37) and section 6 (Articles 43 to 45). In the CCC, the relevant provisions were placed more closely together in Title VII, Chapter 5 and Title VIII. The reorganization of the UCC is intended to reflect the fact that the debt arises early in the commercial process. As repayment and remission is often a matter on which decisions and appeals are made, the provisions of the UCC relating to them are, very largely, dealt with together in this chapter.
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De Schutter, Olivier. "Sovereign Debt and the Right to Food." In Sovereign Debt and Human Rights, 186–209. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810445.003.0011.

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Sovereign debt and the measures imposed on indebted nations, in conjunction with trade liberalisation under the WTO or other similar regimes have forced many countries to forego traditional food security schemes, particularly through state subsidies. As a result, price fluctuations in staple commodities as well as currency fluctuations have forced poorer nations to effectively surrender their food sovereignty in favour of their multilateral trade obligations, investment obligations and debt repayment agreements with both private and public lenders, particularly through the facilitation of multilateral development banks. This chapter traces the roots of food insecurity as a result of sovereign debt-related measures, policies and effects. It does so through particular paradigms, especially through the work of pertinent UN mandates. It examines in what manner the right to food, as enshrined in the ICESCR, may be fulfilled as well as how food security can co-exist alongside trade liberalisation.
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Roos, Jerome. "The Structural Power of Finance." In Why Not Default?, 50–67. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691180106.003.0004.

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It has been established that power lies at the heart of the sovereign debt puzzle. This chapter asks: What are the precise mechanisms through which finance exerts its power? Under what conditions are these mechanisms likely to be effective, and under what conditions are they likely to break down? How have these dynamics been impacted by the globalization and financialization of the capitalist economy in recent decades? And what, if anything, can still be done to counteract the power of finance from below? It is argued that a distressed sovereign borrower will only choose to renege on its financial obligations if the social costs of repayment have become unbearable and citizens threaten to withdraw their loyalty to the state. Only in the context of a destabilizing legitimation crisis and a citizens' revolt from below will the administrators of a contemporary “debt state” ever contemplate defying their private creditors by defaulting on their financial obligations.
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"Cost of Capital and Methods of Charging Interest." In Agricultural Finance and Opportunities for Investment and Expansion, 190–208. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3059-6.ch010.

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In the course of running a business, debt and equity are employed in the financing decision. The employment of debt and equity in the financing mix of an enterprise involves costs. The investing farmer should keep track of the cost of capital invested in an enterprise if only to ensure that they do not exceed the returns. It is against this background that this chapter is devoted to the cost of capital ad methods of charging interest. It is concluded that it makes business sense to equip farmers with the knowledge that interest rate on loans is subject to negotiation and that the amount paid as interest on a loan depends on the method adopted in calculating the interest rate. It is recommended that in employing funds for running an enterprise, the farmer should be committed to the obligations of due repayment and also make profits from the borrowed funds.
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Morris, John. "Breaking the hold of debt: Cambridge Money Advice Centre." In Austerity, Community Action, and the Future of Citizenship. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447331032.003.0005.

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This chapter explores the work of the Cambridge Money Advice Centre, a faith-based debt advice charity located 80 km north of London that has been serving local people for eleven years. In that time it has witnessed (i) a period of growing economic prosperity accompanied by an increase in the availability of credit, (ii) the financial crisis of 2008 resulting in the withdrawal of some forms of credit, (iii) the introduction of austerity measures in 2010 causing personal financial hardship and thus making debt repayments more painful, and (iv) a subsequent slow growth in the economy only helping those who are not adversely affected by austerity. The implications for this see-saw variation in the UK’s economic performance for both a middle class and working class population are described in terms of the general accessibility of credit and individuals’ ability to meet debt repayment obligations. The debt advice process and clients’ attitudes and practical responses to being in stressful, unmanaged debt are illustrated by eight case studies. The Christian motivation of volunteer advisers to support others is also examined. Finally, in an era of intense stigma surrounding debt and reliance on welfare benefits, the isolation suffered by debtors in their communities is noted. The nature of the client-adviser relationship, which often bridges social boundaries, is also strained by professional boundaries and clients’ ambivalence towards engaging with the emotionally draining process of getting their debts under control. Ironically, community-building is best seen between advisers themselves and their partners in other welfare services.
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Fox, D., RJC Munday, B. Soyer, AM Tettenborn, and PG Turner. "25. Possessory security." In Sealy and Hooley's Commercial Law, 935–67. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198842149.003.0025.

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This chapter deals with possessory security. It begins with a discussion of a pledge (which normally secures repayment of a debt but, in principle, there is no reason why it should not secure performance by the pledgor of some other obligation), before considering the concepts of delivery and re-delivery of possession. It also examines re-pledge by the pledgee, realisation, and statutory control before turning to liens. In particular, it explains how a lien arises and how it is enforced, terminated, and registered. Finally, it looks at the proposed legal reform with respect to possessory security.
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