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Kartsaki, Eirini. "Repeat repeat : Returns of performance." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528409.
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Everson, Steven Paul. "Repeat offenders and repeat victims : mutual attraction or misfortune." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323659.
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Drawve, Grant. "GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF REPEAT & NEAR REPEAT RESIDENTIAL BURGLARIES." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/652.
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This analysis explores the formation of stable hot spots and the overall shifts of repeat and near repeat residential burglary over time. Data were obtained from a small college town police department. There were 1,513 repeat residential burglaries between January 2003 and December 2009 that occurred at a total of 356 addresses. Based upon past research it is thought that repeat residential burglaries will cluster in time and space creating stable hot spots and that the centrographic measures of the burglaries will remain relatively constant from year to year. The results found support for the formation of stable hot spots but found that the area in which the repeat residential burglaries were occurring increased over time.
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Brown, Brittany S. "Sleepwalk, Dance, Repeat." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_hontheses/9.
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Sleepwalk, Dance, Repeat is a one-act play with existentialist themes such as absurdity, death, and authenticity. Existentialism deals with subjective human experience in a meaningless, incomprehensible world. We are condemned to label everything around us, but the world is such that we can never be satisfied with our labels because they do not capture individuality. Everyone, to some degree, feels the need to understand what's going on, but we are always missing some piece of the puzzle. Thus, absurdity is the normal state of affairs for us. It is the result of our trying to comprehend the incomprehensible. The protagonist, Rose, is an existentialist hero in that she gradually accepts the inability to comprehend. My goal in writing this play was to breathe new life into existentialist ideas and introduce them to others in a way that sparks significant introspection.
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Parkhill, Brian. "Lather, Rinse, Repeat." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1569588.
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Lather, Rinse, Repeat was an exhibition that culminated in my Graduate Thesis exhibition. This exhibition consisted of a set of four artworks that explore issues of authorship in relation to my own graduate art practice. This paper serves its purpose to offer reflection, insight and a brief description of the four artworks exhibited. Though Lather, Rinse, Repeat had humble beginnings, these artworks are the result of how I view relationships in my life, and how those relationships shape the aspects of self, authorship and authority. Lather, Rinse, Repeat's four artworks vary in production method but all stem from my experiences in and out of the classroom, and in the graduate school community. My hope is that these artworks and this paper provide a glimpse into how one artists brains struggles with the many roles it fulfills daily.
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Lograsso, Anthony. "Cure/Repeat/Cure." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1556546784827036.
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Tomlinson, Karen. "Repeat pregnancies in teenage mothers." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1597.
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There has been very little research into repeat pregnancy in teenage mothers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of pregnant teenage mothers who were expecting their second child. Six pregnant teenage mothers were interviewed and asked to complete a number of questionnaires. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of the interview transcripts demonstrated the four following super-ordinate themes: "Being a good mum", "It's not easy but it's a case of having to cope", "Perceptions and misjudgements", and, "Building my life". A number of theories are presented that may help us understand the experience of second pregnancies in teenage mothers. It is hoped that the findings of this study will help us to begin to understand more about the experiences of this population from their perspective and facilitate professionals to be in a better position to provide teenage mothers and their children with appropriate support.
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Gadgil, Rujuta Yashodhan. "Instability at Trinucleotide Repeat DNAs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472231204.
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Buchanan, Sean G. St C. "Studies of leucine-rich repeats and a novel, Drosophila, embryonic leucine-rich repeat protein." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242900.
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Liu, Xiaolin. "Novel bioinformatics tools for elementary repeat assembly, repeat domain discovery, and TE-based analysis of substitution rates." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1525308930990689.
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Held, Christopher M. "Evaluation of strategies for repeat procurement." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43740.
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For the past several decades, there has been a fundamental dispute between the appropriate mechanism for repeat procurement. On one hand, the supporters of Porter (1979) advocate a competitive setting where short-term contracts are used to increase buyer power and lower supplier prices. On the other hand, the supporters of Deming (1986) advocate the idea of long-term contracts to align buyer and supplier incentives. This trade-off between long-term and short-term contracts has fundamentally affected the practice of procurement, with most suppliers opting for hybrid strategies such as Incumbent Biasing: a strategy characterized by short-term contracts with frequent rebidding with an advantage given to the incumbent. This work examines this hybrid strategy to determine its effectiveness. First, we create an empirical model that identifies and measures the trade-offs between the Porter and Deming strategies. Using this model, we find that Incumbent Biasing has an impact on procurement performance via two mechanisms: first, Incumbent Biasing decreases bidding competitiveness in repeat procurement bidding, which decreases performance; second, Incumbent Biasing has a moderating effect where it improves incentive alignment between the buyer and supplier and improves procurement performance. We show that depending on the current contract design, the net effect of Incumbent Biasing on overall procurement performance can be either positive or negative. This is first work to empirically test the impact of Incumbent Biasing on procurement performance and the first to identify the positive and negative mechanisms by which this impact occurs. Using this research, managers will be able to identify their firm's position with regards to incentive alignment with their supplier to determine if Incumbent Biasing has a net positive effect for their firm.
After identifying the impact of Incumbent Biasing on procurement performance, we contribute to the literature by testing this analysis through two additional extensions. First, using secondary data analysis we show that our construct for procurement performance is correlated with firm performance. We do this by comparing the answers to our procurement performance construct items to the change in gross margin of the publicly traded respondents in our study over time. This shows that our construct is not only reliable, but that procurement performance has a positive impact on overall firm performance. This is the first work to provide an empirical construct for procurement performance that is validated via secondary data analysis of firm performance. Second, we test a competing theory to Incumbent Biasing which is Multi-Sourcing: the strategy of spreading a contract to multiple suppliers to maintain competitiveness in bidding. Approximately $46\%$ of our sample identify as using both strategies simultaneously and we test for an impact between the two. We show that the two strategies to not impact each other and can be viewed independently. Subsequently, we test two Multi-Sourcing constructs in our model and find that there is no significant impact on bidding competitiveness from Multi-Sourcing.
Subsequently, we examine the impact of repeatedly awarding a contract to a pool of bidders. In our model, one contract is bid repeatedly over time, resulting in bidders gaining information about their competitors' cost. The academic literature is mixed on how a buyer should approach this type of contract bidding interaction. On one hand, it is argued that establishing an awarding structure that favors the incumbent decreases the frequency of switching, and thus cost. On the other hand, it is argued that an awarding structure that favors the non-incumbent (entrant) bidders places competitive pressure on the incumbent and generates low margin bids. This issue is further complicated by the practice cited in the academic literature of ``defection', where entrant firms either perceive a bias or believe that their cost is uncompetitive and will not bid in future stages.
We create a framework that explores the apparent contradictions in these recommendations and gives conditions when biasing toward the incumbent or entrant should be implemented. We first characterize bidders based on their effort to bid and their cost to supply the contract. We then show that in the case of low effort to bid and high cost for the entrant, entrant biasing is optimal; when the reverse is true incumbent biasing is optimal. Using the results from our analysis, we provide guidance to buyers facing a repeated procurement
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Beirouti, Patrick. "Automatic repeat request on fading channels." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61226.
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Automatic repeat request (ARQ) is a widespread technique for error control in data communication systems. This research examines the performance of conventional ARQ schemes over fading channels. The basic Gilbert-Elliott two-state Markov model is used to represent these channels. This basic model is recursively extended to a 2$ sp{n}$-state Markov chain suitable for n-bit block codes. Using this 'Extended Gilbert-Elliot' model, an approximation of the throughput efficiency of the conventional ARQ schemes is derived. This approximation is particularly valid for slow fading channels. Furthermore, performance plots are obtained, showing the effects of channel fading on throughput efficiency: ARQ performance deteriorates with slower fading, or alternatively, higher channel memory. Consequently, frequency-hopped codeword transmission is explored, a technique by which channel memory can be reduced. Throughput performance of frequency-hopped ARQ systems is derived, which shows significant potential improvements over systems with no frequency hopping.
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Colman, Ian Richard. "Identification of predictors of repeat parasuicide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0010/MQ60112.pdf.
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Arner, Erik. "Solving repeat problems in shotgun sequencing /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-996-3/.
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Ubink-Bontekoe, Carola Jacoba Maria. "CGG repeat instability and FXR proteins." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/12091.
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Ge, Qingwei. "Two dimensional irregular repeat-accumulate codes." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/Q_Ge_042009.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in electrical engineering)--Washington State University, May 2009.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 8, 2010). "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).
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Tsytlonok, Maksym. "Biophysical characterisation of linear repeat proteins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610764.
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Furuhashi, Takeshi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Hiromu Takahashi, and Yusuke Kaneda. "A Study on Reliability-based Selective Repeat Automatic Repeat Request for Reduction of Discrimination Time of P300 Speller." 日本知能情報ファジィ学会, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20692.
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Session ID: SA-B1-2SCIS & ISIS 2010, Joint 5th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 11th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems. December 8-12, 2010, Okayama Convention Center, Okayama, Japan
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Hockey, David. "Cognitive scripts in versatile and repeat offenders." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54817/.
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In recent years, cognitive theories of offender behaviour have lead to the development of rehabilitation programs. However, many of the cognitive theories which underpin these programs have not been fully developed nor have they been the subject of very much empirical investigation. For example, some of these programs have been applied to versatile offenders (i.e., those that commit a wide range of different types of offences), but cognitive theories, in general, have not been developed to account for such versatility. Moreover, there has been little investigation of the cognitive processes in versatile offenders. This thesis is concerned with the application of one cognitive theory, script theory, to offender behaviour, with particular reference to versatile offender behaviour. In Study 1, forty offenders broadly fitting the profile of 'versatile offender' with a mean age of 16 years old and a comparison group of forty non-offenders were given 4 vignettes to complete. In Study 2, a second group of 30 offenders and 35 non-offenders who were over 18 years of age were also compared. Each vignette contained a potential criminal situation that was set within typical situations in which they occur: a violent situation, vandalism, car theft and burglary. The vignette scenarios were derived from British Crime Survey statistics and comprised some of the most common offences to occur for younger age groups. The response format and subsequent analysis was consistent with previous uses of this methodology: initial categorization of actions within stages of scenario responses, followed by in depth analyses of the nature of these responses. The results of both studies provided evidence consistent with script-like knowledge structures across a range of offences for subsets of offenders. Study 3 employed a similar methodology to that used in Studies 1 and 2 in order to contrast a group of 'Elite' offenders (who had received no convictions during their adult lives) with a group of repeat offenders. The results of this study confirmed that there was script-like knowledge in the repeat offenders, and that their knowledge and behaviour (as indexed by the responses to a burglary vignette) differed markedly from the Elite offenders. The conclusions drawn from the results are that repeat offenders who are versatile appear to process crime scene information similarly to repeat specialist offenders in that there are script-like characteristics. Therefore, both rehabilitation program designs and crime prevention methods would benefit from more use of the script theoretical framework in predicting offenders' linear processing patterns. Furthermore, the Elite group of offenders appear to use a comparatively lower risk strategy in terms of movements between different locations in and around a crime scene. This strategy is distinguishable from specific 'how to do' techniques used for breaking in to properties for example. Within the script framework, this strategy is explained by the use of an expansive set of sub-tracks to the principal script. Sub-tracks are predetermined sets of behaviours which negate a problem and then return the user back to the original course of the script. Such sub-tracks appear to be absent from the repeat offenders repertoire' of processing, hence the rigidity and concrete appearance to the processing of repeat offenders who fail to avoid periodical adjudications.
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Hughes-Jones, Robin. "The sizes of consecutive repeat-free codes." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2009. http://digirep.rhul.ac.uk/items/acd01faa-158b-5e71-43b1-93fd1b5221bc/1/.
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The notions of strongly consecutive repeat free code and weakly consecutive repeat free code were introduced by Pebody in his paper in the Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A in 2006. This thesis aims to investigate the the maximum sizes of such codes, in particular in the case when the length is fixed and the alphabet size is large. Pebody constructs a strongly consecutive repeat free code of maximal size, which he calls the alternating code. We show that the size of an alternating code is polynomial in the alphabet size, give methods for computing this polynomial and explicitly determine the most significant coefficients of this polynomial in terms of the sequence of 'up/down numbers' and related sequences. Pebody defines a family of codes (which we call Pebody codes) that are weakly consecutive repeat free codes. Pebody conjectures that for all parameters there exists a member of this family that is a weakly consecutive repeat free code of maximal size. We show that the maximal size of a Pebody code agrees closely with the maximal size of a strongly consecutive repeat free code. We use techniques from combinatorics and functional analysis, together with computational results, to give estimates for the leading terms of the maximal size of a Pebody code of fixed length when the alphabet size is large.
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Kelly, Sadie Ellen. "Structure and function of linear repeat proteins." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542458.
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LUSTOSA, MAURO QUILES DE OLIVEIRA. "IRREGULAR REPEAT ACCUMULATE CODES: DESIGN AND EVALUATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32617@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Os códigos IRA (Irregular Repeat-Accumulate) são uma classe de códigos criada com o objetivo de permitir codificação em tempo linear garantindo comunicação robusta a taxas próximas à capacidade do canal. Eles foram introduzidas por Jin, Khandekar and McEliece em 2000. O artigo no qual foram apresentados provou que os códigos IRA alcançavam a capacidade do canal de apagamento e mostravam desempenho cmparável ao dos códigos Turbo no canal AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise). Os desenvolvimentos teóricos por trás dos códigos IRA vieram da busca pelos primeiros códigos LDPC (Low Density Parity Check), ou códigos em grafos, que atingiriam a capacidade do canal AWGN. Os códigos LDPC - propostos originalmente por Robert Gallager em 1963 - se tornaram objeto de grande interesse nas últimas décadas após um longo período de ostracismo desde sua concepção, desenvolvendo seu potencial para codificação de canal em aplicações tão diversas quanto comunicações por satélite, redes sem fio e streaming via IP, bem como codificação distribuída de fonte. O objetivo desta dissertação é a avaliação dos códigos IRA e os efeitos de diferentes métodos de construção de grafos em seu desempenho. O uso das muitas variações do algoritmo PEG (Progressive Edge-Growth) foi testado em simulações no canal AWGN.
Irregular Repeat-Accumulate codes are motivated by the challenge of providing a class of codes that use linear-time encoding and decoding while communicating reliably at rates close to channel capacity. They were introduced by Hui Jin, Khandekar and McEliece in 2000, their article proves that IRA codes achieve channel capacity for the binary erasure channel and exhibit remarkably good performance on the AWGN channel. The theoretical developments supporting IRA codes stem from the efforts ar the development of capacity achieving Low-Density Parity-Check codes. LDPC codes were first proposed by Robert Gallager in 1963 and became the subject of intense research during the past decade after being dormant for a long period since its conception. Efforts by many researchers have developed its potential for channel coding in applications as diverse as satellite communications, wireless networks and streaming over IP, as well as studies on its usage in Distributed Source Coding. The goal of this dissertation is the evaluation of IRA codes and the effects of different graph construction methods in its performance. The use of the many variations of the Progressive Edge-Growth algorithm with IRA codes was tested in simulations on the AWGN channel.
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Rehman, Ateeq Ur. "Hybrid automatic repeat request assisted cognitive radios." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/419585/.
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It is widely known that the Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm has the potential of improving the exploitation of the earmarked but momentarily unoccupied spectrum, which is exclusively allocated to the primary users (PUs) based on the conventional fixed spectrum allocation policy. The CR systems first have to sense, whether the PU’s band is unoccupied and then dynamically access it. Naturally, CR systems suffer from the same propagation impairments as the traditional wireless communication systems, such as interference, fading and noise, which affect both the reliability and the attainable data rate. In order for the CR system to achieve both reliable data transmission as well as a high throughput and low delay, we propose novel CR-aided Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) protocols, which intrinsically amalgamate the CR functions with HARQ protocols and study their performance. Both perfect and imperfect spectrum sensing are considered. Specifically, we propose the cognitive stop-and-wait-HARQ (CSW-HARQ), cognitive Go-Back-N-HARQ (CGBN-HARQ) as well as the cognitive selective-repeat (CSR-HARQ) schemes and study their throughput and delay both by analysis and simulation. To protect the PUs legal rights, we model their activity of occupying a primary radio (PR) channel as a two-state Markov chain consisting of ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states. In order to use the PR channel, the CR system first senses the presence of the PUs and once the PR channel is found to be free (i.e., in the OFF state), the CR system transmits its data packets relying on the principles of SW-HARQ, GBN-HARQ and SR-HARQ. Otherwise, the CR system continues sensing the channel until finding a free one. Naturally, the PR channel may be sensed erroneously, which results either in false alarm or in misdetection. Therefore, the channel may be modelled by a two-state Markov chain, provided that sensing is ideal, or by a four-state Markov chain, if sensing is non-ideal. Here, the four states are determined by the actual state of the PR channel and the state sensed by the CR system. We analyse both the throughput and delay of CR systems relying on different HARQ schemes. We invoke a pair of analytical approaches, namely the probability based approach and the Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC) based approach. Closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput, average packet delay and the end-to-end packet delay. Furthermore, for the end-to-end packet delay, we derive both the probability distribution and the average end-to-end packet delay. In the DTMCbased approach, we propose a state generation algorithm for eliminating the illegitimate states, which helps reduce both the dimensionality of the related state transition matrices and the associated computational complexity. All the equations obtained by analysis are validated by numerical simulations. Our performance results reveal that both the achievable throughput and delay of the CSWHARQ, CGBN-HARQ and the CSR-HARQ schemes are substantially affected by the activity of the PUs, by the reliability of the PR channels, by the unreliable sensing decisions and by the number of packets transmitted per time-slot (TS). Specifically, when the probability of the PR channel being busy is high and/or its reliability is relatively low, the throughput attained by these HARQ schemes becomes relatively low and their packet delay increases. Furthermore, for the CGBN-HARQ and CSR-HARQ, our results show that when the propagation environment is time-variant, the number of packets transmitted within a TS should be adapted accordingly, in order to attain the highest throughput and the shortest average transmission delay.
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Sisimayi, Thenjiwe. "Predictors of Rapid Repeat Pregnancy in Zimbabwe." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7508.
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Rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP) is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes and a range of undesirable social and economic challenges for the mother, her baby, and society. Although the consequences of RRP are well known, Zimbabweâa country with some of the poorest maternal health indicatorsâhas not investigated or made efforts to directly address this problem. This is confirmed by the lack of targeted programs to curb RRP, the unavailability of documented evidence regarding RRP significant risk factors, and the lack of understanding of the extent of RRP in the country. Using social cognitive theory as the theoretical framework, an unmatched case-control study was conducted using data from the Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey of 2015 to determine the prevalence of RRP and to assess associations between sociodemographic, sexual-relational, women's health, fertility preference, previous birth outcomes, and social factors and having an RRP in Zimbabwe. Logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant associations between all factors except for women's health characteristics. The prevalence of RRP among women of reproductive age (15â49 years) in Zimbabwe was 50.2%. The high prevalence of RRP and the multiple statistically significant associations reported in this study affirm the need for Zimbabwe to make prevention of RRP a public health priority. Zimbabwe must develop targeted interventions that work in context and integrate these into an ongoing comprehensive family planning program. In-depth research is needed to establish and understand the underlying motivations for having an RRP among Zimbabwean women. Such information may help develop targeted interventions to create social change.
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Schmidt, Kristina H. "CTG trinucleotide repeat instability in Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14353.
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In order to identify cellular factors that affect trinucleotide repeat stability, changes in the length of a (CTG)43 repeat were studied over 140 generations in wild-type Escherichia coli and in strains that are deficient in post-replicative mismatch repair, secondary structure repair and homologous recombination. It is shown that (CTG)43 inserted into pUC18 expands and contracts in wild-type E. coli in an orientation-dependent manner that is unaffected by transcription. In cells deficient in post-replicative mismatch repair (CTG)43 repeat instability is greater than in wild-type cells but orientation-independent. The observation of single trinucleotide insertions and deletions in these mutator mutants indicates that replication slippages of 3 bp occur in vivo leading to repeat expansion and contraction if left unrepaired. Compared to wild-type cells large deletions are reduced in these mutator mutants, but only if the CTG sequence serves as the lagging strand. Based on the opposing effects of mismatch repair a model is proposed in which orientation-dependent CTG repeat instability in mismatch repair proficient cells is caused by the repair of 3-bp slippages. This leads to the creation of larger deletions during repair synthesis due to the formation of unusual secondary structures by the CTG sequence on the lagging strand. Mutations in the recA and sbcCD genes do not affect the stability of plasmid-borne CTG repeats. Similarly the viability of recA-deficient strains carrying chromosomal insertions of (CTG)25 and (CTG)43 suggests that, unlike long palindromes, these trinucleotide repeats are not substrates for the structure-directed nuclease complex SbcCD or, alternatively, they do not form secondary structures frequently enough to cause lethality in recA-deficient hosts. In contrast, a mutation in the recG gene, also involved in homologous recombination, severely destabilises the (CTG)43 repeat in a strongly orientation-dependent manner that exceeds all other tested mutants. Possible explanations for this observation are discussed.
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Beaver, Jill M. "Trinucleotide Repeat Instability is Modulated by DNA Base Lesions and DNA Base Excision Repair." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3056.
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Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions are the cause of over 40 human neurodegenerative diseases, and are linked to DNA damage and base excision repair (BER). We explored the role of DNA damage and BER in modulating TNR instability through analysis of DNA structures, BER protein activities, and reconstitution of repair using human BER proteins and synthesized DNA containing various types of damage. We show that DNA damage and BER can modulate TNR expansions by promoting removal of a TNR hairpin through coordinated activities of BER proteins and cofactors. We found that during repair in a TNR hairpin, coordination between the 5’-flap endonuclease activity of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), 3’-5’ exonuclease activity of AP endonuclease 1 (APE1), and activity of DNA ligase I (LIG I) can resolve the double-flap structure produced during BER in the hairpin loop. The resolution of the double-flap structure resulted in hairpin removal and prevention or attenuation of TNR expansions and provides the first evidence that coordination among BER proteins can remove a TNR hairpin. We further explored the role of BER cofactors in modulating TNR instability and found that the repair cofactor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) facilitates genomic stability by promoting removal of a TNR hairpin. Hairpin removal was accomplished by altering dynamic TNR structures to allow more efficient FEN1 cleavage and DNA polymerase β (pol β) synthesis and stimulating the activity of LIG I. This study provides the first evidence that a DNA repair cofactor plays an important role in modulating TNR instability. Finally, we explored the effects of sugar modifications in abasic sites on activities of BER proteins and BER efficiency during repair in a TNR tract. We found that an oxidized sugar inhibits the activities of BER enzymes, interrupting their coordination and preventing efficient repair. Inefficient repair results in accumulation of repair intermediates with DNA breaks, contributing to genomic instability. Our results indicate that DNA base lesions and BER play a crucial role in modulating TNR instability. The research presented herein provides a molecular basis for further developing BER as a target for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases caused by TNR expansion.
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Dujeancourt, Laurent. "Métabolisme et traduction des ARNs mitochondriaux chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0025/document.
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Les mitochondries sont des organites présents dans la plupart des cellules eucaryotes et spécialisés dans la production d’énergie, via la chaîne respiratoire localisée dans leur membrane interne. les mitochondries possèdent leur propre génome et leur propre système d’expression participant à la biogenèse des complexes respiratoires. En particulier la machinerie de traduction mitochondriale, comme les complexes respiratoires, est d’origine génétique double, nucléaire et mitochondriale. de nombreuses maladies humaines résultent de défauts de l’expression des gènes mitochondriaux et en particulier de mutations de facteurs impliqués dans la traduction mitochondriale. la levure schizosaccharomyces pombe est un modèle de choix pour identifier ces facteurs et comprendre leur fonctionnement car c’est un micro-organisme simple et physiologiquement plus proche des eucaryotes supérieurs que ne l’est saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lors de ma thèse j’ai tout d’abord participé à la mise en place de nouveaux outils permettant de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de la traduction mitochondriale, en étiquetant le mitoribosome de s. pombe au niveau de la petite et de la grande sous-unité. Par la suite j’ai mis au point des expériences de fractionnement sur gradient de saccharose pour analyser la sédimentation du ribosome associé ou dissocié et tester si des facteurs donnés sont liés au mitoribosome. Dans un second temps je me suis intéressé à des facteurs qui pouvaient être impliqués dans la terminaison de la traduction. En fait le seul facteur de reconnaissance des codons stop connu chez s. pombe, Mrf1, n’est pas essentiel, et j’ai cherché à comprendre pourquoi. Deux enzymes, des peptidyl ARNt hydrolase (PPR) nommées PPR3 et PPR4 possédant toutes deux un motif GGQ comme Mrf1, semblaient être de bons candidats pour expliquer que s. pombe puisse se passer de Mrf1. J’ai montré que ces facteurs jouent un rôle dans la biogenèse mitochondriale et plus précisément que PPR4 est à la fois un suppresseur multicopie et un gène létal synthétique de l’absence de Mrf1. Pour finir j’ai travaillé sur une famille de protéines de s. pombe prédites comme impliquées dans le métabolisme des ARN mitochondriaux : les protéines à pentatrico peptide repeat (PPR). Ainsi il existe au moins 9 protéines PPR chez s. pombe nommée de PPR1 à PPR8 ainsi que l’ARN polymérase mitochondriale, Rpo41. L’étude de ces protéines PPR a permis de mettre en évidence qu’elles interviennent toutes dans le métabolisme des ARN à différentes étapes, majoritairement stabilité et traduction, et qu’elles ont souvent des cibles spécifiques. Par exemple la protéine PPR3 est impliquée dans la stabilité du petit ARNr rns alors que PPR4 est un activateur spécifique de la traduction de cox1 et que PPR2 est un activateur général de la traduction mitochondriale dont la cible reste à définir. Globalement, ces travaux montrent que s. pombe est un excellent modèle des fonctions mitochondriales, aussi bien pour les études fondamentales que comme outil pour appréhender les organismes plus complexes comme l’hommeMitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells and specialized in the production of energy via the respiratory chain located in their inner membrane. Mitochondria have their own genome and their own system of gene expression, which is involved in the biogenesis of the respiratory complexes. The mitochondrial translation machinery, like the respiratory complexes, has a dual genetic origin, both nuclear and mitochondrial. Numerous human diseases result from defects in the expression of mitochondrial genes and especially mutations of factors involved in mitochondrial translation. The yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a useful model for the identification and functional analysis of these factors because it is a simple organism that is physiologically closer to higher eukaryotes than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During my PhD I first participated in the development of new tools to further our understanding of mitochondrial translation, by tagging the small and large subunits of S. pombe mitoribosome. In addition I set up fractionation experiments on sucrose gradients to analyze the sedimentation of associated or dissociated mitochondrial ribosomes and test whether given factors are bound to mitoribosome. I also became interested in factors that could act in the termination mitochondrial translation. Surprisingly, the only factor known to recognize stop codons in S. pombe, Mrf1, is not essential, thus I tried to determine which other proteins might also be involved in translation termination. S. pombe contains four predicted peptidyl tRNA hydrolases (Pth), two of which, Pth3 and Pth4, have a GGQ motif like Mrf1, which is thought to contribute directly to the hydrolysis of the peptidyl-tRNA bond. Thus they seemed to be good candidates to explain how S. pombe can survive without Mrf1. I have shown that Pth3 and Pth4 play a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and that Pth4 is both a high copy suppressor and a synthetic lethal of the ∆mrf1 mutant. Finally I worked on the Pentatrico Peptide Repeat family of proteins (PPR), predicted to be involved in the metabolism of mitochondrial RNA. There are at least nine PPR proteins in S. pombe named Ppr1 to Ppr8 and the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, Rpo41. The study of these PPR proteins has shown that all of them are involved in the metabolism of RNA at different stages, mainly stability and translation, and that they often have specific targets. For example Ppr3 is involved in the stability of the small rRNA rns while Ppr4 is a specific activator of the translation of cox1 and Ppr2 is a general activator of mitochondrial translation whose target remains to be identified. Overall, these studies show that S. pombe is an excellent model for mitochondrial functions, both for fundamental studies and as a tool for understanding more complex organisms such as man
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Calatayud, Robert Sara. "Modular evolution of domain repeat proteins. Metal-binding and domain repeats of Metallothioneins in molluscs and chordates." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673942.
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Proteins are composed of domains, a well-defined region within a protein that constitutes a stable, independently folding, compact structural unit, and that usually performs a specific function. During protein evolution, domains have been used as a ‘modules’, and the vast majority of the current proteins show a modular organization in which two or more domains are combined. While the creation of multi-domain proteins through shuffling different domains has been studied extensively, the evolution of proteins made of tandem repeats of a same domain has been less investigated. It is known, for instance, that the fraction of proteins with domain repeats is higher in multicellular organisms than in unicellular organisms, or that proteins with domain repeats seem to be related with stress response functions or with the acquisition of high yielding capacity, but the origin, the genetic mechanisms and the evolutionary forces controlling the expansion of domains repeats in modular proteins are still poorly understood.
To investigate the functional and structural evolution of modular proteins with domain repeats, we have chosen the Metallothioneins (MTs) as a case study. MTs are present across all the tree of life and due to their metal-binding ability have been involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification of many organisms. They are modular cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions through functionally and structurally independent domains that form metal-thiolate clusters. Many MTs are bi-modular proteins made of a tandem repetition of two similar (although not identical) metal-binding domains. There also are large multi-modular MTs that have expanded the number of their domain repeats, and therefore, their metal-binding capacity. Studying the evolution of metallothionein domains in several phyla can help us to understand, at some level, the evolvability of organisms to adapt to new environmental conditions. In our studies we have identified, analysed, characterized and compared many MTs from different groups of selected organisms (chordates and molluscs) in order to study their domain composition and arrangement, and to untangle the evolution of their modular organization.Las proteínas están compuestas por dominios, una región bien definida dentro de una proteína que constituye una unidad estructural compacta, estable y que se pliega independientemente, y que normalmente realiza una función específica. Durante la evolución de las proteínas, los dominios se han utilizado como "módulos", y la gran mayoría de las proteínas actuales muestran una organización modular en la que se combinan dos o más dominios. Si bien la creación de proteínas de múltiples dominios mediante la combinación aleatoria de diferentes dominios se ha estudiado ampliamente, la evolución de proteínas compuestas de repeticiones en tándem de un mismo dominio se ha investigado menos. Se sabe, por ejemplo, que la fracción de proteínas con dominios repetidos es mayor en organismos multicelulares que en organismos unicelulares, o que las proteínas con dominios repetidos parecen estar relacionadas con funciones de respuesta al estrés o con la adquisición de una alta capacidad productiva, pero el origen, los mecanismos genéticos y las fuerzas evolutivas que controlan la expansión de las repeticiones de dominios en las proteínas modulares aún son poco conocidos. Para investigar la evolución funcional y estructural de las proteínas modulares con dominio repetido, hemos elegido las metalotioneínas (MT) como caso de estudio. Los MT están presentes en todo el árbol de la vida y, debido a su capacidad de unión a metales, han estado involucrados en la homeostasis de metales y la desintoxicación de muchos organismos. Son proteínas modulares ricas en cisteína que se unen a iones metálicos a través de dominios funcional y estructuralmente independientes que forman grupos de tiolatos metálicos. Muchos MT son proteínas bimodulares hechas de una repetición en tándem de dos dominios de unión a metales similares (aunque no idénticos). También hay grandes MT multimodulares que han ampliado el número de repeticiones de su dominio y, por lo tanto, su capacidad de unión a metales. El estudio de la evolución de los dominios de las metalotioneínas en varios filos puede ayudarnos a comprender, hasta cierto punto, la capacidad de evolución de los organismos para adaptarse a nuevas condiciones ambientales. En nuestros estudios hemos identificado, analizado, caracterizado y comparado muchos MT de diferentes grupos de organismos seleccionados (cordados y moluscos) para estudiar la composición y disposición de sus dominios y desentrañar la evolución de su organización modular.
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Ueki, Junko. "Myotonic dystrophy type 1 patient-derived iPSCs for the investigation of CTG repeat instability." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230991.
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Ulbricht, Andreas. "Flugzeuggetragene Repeat-Pass-Interferometrie mit dem E-SAR /." Köln : DLR, Dt. Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/318880806.pdf.
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Sharpe, Tammy. "Pathological triplet repeat expansions and chromosomal position effects." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406796.
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Zahra, Rabaab. "CAG.CTG trinucleotide repeat instability in the E.coli chromosome." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11667.
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In order to identify the molecular basis of genetic instability, a polymerization-independent strategy is developed to generate expanded repeat arrays. The repeat tracts are integrated in the 5’end of lacZ gene in the Escherichia coli chromosome. Using this model system, instability is studied in wild type E. coli and in strains deficient in cellular pathways such as DNA repair, replication and recombination. The work demonstrates that instability (expansion and contraction) in wild type cells is length and orientation dependent. Longer tracts are more unstable than shorter ones and the orientation where CAG repeats are on the leading strand template is more unstable than the opposite where CTG repeats are on the leading strand template. This orientation-dependence of CAG·CTG trinucleotide repeat instability is determined by the proofreading subunit of DNA polymerase II (DnaQ) in the presence of the hairpin nuclease SbcCD. The analysis of the sizes of deletions observed in wild type and mutant cells is consistent with the formation of secondary structures in vivo. The mismatch repair pathway does not affect the instability of CTG repeats in the E. coli chromosome but influences the CAG orientation. It is suggested that MutS stabilizes CAG repeats by initiating a “repair” process and protecting hairpins from SbcCD, which can cleave hairpins in the presence of MutL and MutH. Finally, the roles of two helicases, Rep and UvrD are analyzed. A mutation in rep helicase strongly destabilizes CTG repeats with no effect on the CAG orientation UvrD mutants show instability in both orientations. The increase in instability in the uvrD mutant depends on RecF in the CTG orientation.
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Hall, Deborah A. "Prevalence of FMR1 repeat expansions in movement disorders /." Connect to abstract via ProQuest. Full text is not available online, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1545571851&sid=1&Fmt=6&clientId=18952&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Clinical Science) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-67). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Serquera, Peyro David Angel. "Mechanical and solution folding studies of repeat proteins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610021.
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Eakins, R. M. "The hepatic adaptive response to repeat acetaminophen exposure." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3001381/.
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Guttenplan, Alexander Pandias Margaronis. "Smart nanomaterials from repeat proteins and amyloid fibrils." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273185.
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Protein-based materials are an important area of research for various reasons. Natural protein materials such as spider silk have mechanical properties which compare favourably to artificial or inorganic materials, and in addition are biodegradable and can be produced from easily available feedstocks. It is also possible to produce materials that incorporate the functionality of a natural protein, such as ligand-binding or catalysis of reactions, thus allowing this functionality to be used in the solid rather than solution phase. Two particularly interesting components for protein-based materials are amyloid fibrils and tandem repeat proteins. Amyloid fibrils are exceptionally strong, tough, highly-ordered structures that self-assemble from a wide range of simple building blocks. Meanwhile, tandem repeat proteins are a class of proteins that act as scaffolds to mediate protein-protein interactions and are known to act as elastic springs. Unlike globular proteins, tandem repeat proteins can be designed to bind specific ligands, and their ligand-binding properties and stability can be tuned separately. This work details the synthesis and characterisation of repeat protein and amyloid fibril components for a “smart” hydrogel, the production of these gels, and their characterisation using a microfluidic method that I developed. Although amyloid fibrils have previously been decorated with functional proteins, hitherto, this has usually been done by assembling the fibrils from already-functionalised components. This approach limits the functionality to species that can survive the harsh conditions of amyloid aggregation and do not disturb fibril assembly. Therefore, a method was developed to produce amyloid fibrils that displayed an alkyne functionality on their surface to allow functional proteins or other species to be attached after assembly. This involved the design and synthesis (using solid-phase peptide chemistry) of a peptide based on the previously known TTR105-115 peptide (derived from the amyloidogenic Transthyretin protein). These fibrils were characterised by AFM and TEM and it was then shown that the assembled fibrils could be functionalised using an azide-alkyne “click” reaction. The reaction was shown to work with a variety of ligands including proteins, which were found to retain their structure and function after crosslinking to the fibril. The fibrils with ligands attached were characterised by a variety of methods including LCMS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) and super-resolution optical microscopy. Next, repeat proteins were produced recombinantly containing non-natural azido amino acids at their termini. Incorporation of non-natural amino acids was carried out using a number of different methods including amber codon suppression and methionine replacement. Micron-sized hydrogels were then formed from microfluidic-generated droplets by covalently crosslinking the alkyne-functionalised fibrils with the azide-functionalised repeat proteins. The initial experiments to show proof of principle were carried out with consensus-designed repeat proteins, but repeat proteins based on natural sequences were also used to make hydrogels that could later be tested for potential uptake of peptides known to bind these proteins. These hydrogels could potentially be used for drug delivery or other applications in which a chemical response to a mechanical stimulus is desired. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were measured using novel microfluidic devices, which were designed and fabricated using standard PDMS-based soft lithography.
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Chan, Kara Y. "MECHANISMS OF TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT INSTABILITY DURING DNA SYNTHESIS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/toxicology_etds/29.
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Genomic instability, in the form of gene mutations, insertions/deletions, and gene amplifications, is one of the hallmarks in many types of cancers and other inheritable genetic disorders. Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) disorders, such as Huntington’s disease (HD) and Myotonic dystrophy (DM) can be inherited and repeats may be extended through subsequent generations. However, it is not clear how the CAG repeats expand through generations in HD. Two possible repeat expansion mechanisms include: 1) polymerase mediated repeat extension; 2) persistent TNR hairpin structure formation persisting in the genome resulting in expansion after subsequent cell division. Recent in vitro studies suggested that a family A translesion polymerase, polymerase θ (Polθ), was able to synthesize DNA larger than the template DNA. Clinical and in vivo studies showed either overexpression or knock down of Polθ caused poor survival in breast cancer patients and genomic instability. However, the role of Polθ in TNR expansion remains unelucidated. Therefore, we hypothesize that Polθ can directly cause TNR expansion during DNA synthesis. The investigation of the functional properties of Polθ during DNA replication and TNR synthesis will provide insight for the mechanism of TNR expansion through generations.
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Kutz, Christen. "CAG Repeat Length and Suicidality in Huntington's disease." Diss., NSUWorks, 2015. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_hs_stuetd/1.
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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between suicide and CAG repeat length in Huntington’s disease. Methodology: A case-control study using the COHORT Study de-identified database was conducted. Responses were collected from 163 participants. Depression, substance abuse history and use of benzodiazepines were covariates. Responses to the UHDRS behavioral section pertaining to the frequency and severity of suicidal ideation (“feels life is not worth living”, “has suicidal thoughts”) were analyzed. Results: Despite taking depression, benzodiazepine use, and history of substance abuse into account, there was a predictive relationship between CAG repeat length and frequency of suicidal ideation (p = .010). When the effect of depression was taken into account, there was no significant relationship between CAG repeat length and the severity of suicidal ideation. Recommendations: The findings from this quantitative analysis supported using CAG length in a clinician’s risk factor assessment to determine the frequency of suicidality.
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Keddache, Mehdi. "Relationship between triplet repeat polymorphisms and HapMap tagSNPs." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299169311.
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Johnstone, Muriel. "Teenage mothers’ reflections of their unintended, repeat pregnancies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3574.
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Magister Artium - MAGlobally, teenage pregnancy remains a disturbing phenomenon which impacts on the lives of teenagers, their families and society as a whole. Numerous attempts at addressing the problem have seen a decline in fertility rates but agreement still exists that the incidence of young girls bearing children is unacceptably high. Studies conducted over the years have emphasised both the causes and consequences of teenage births. Many studies too have explored the benefits of preventative strategies. Yet, despite all this, teenage pregnancy remains a cause for concern with many teenage girls remaining sexually active after a first pregnancy, and exposing themselves to subsequent pregnancies and births. This study was focused on teenage girls who had experienced unintended repeat pregnancies. Through the research a deeper understanding of the meanings that female teenagers ascribe to repeat pregnancies, were sought. A sample group of teenage mothers were allowed to take a step back from their experience of the repeat pregnancy; to think deeply about the experience, and to reflect on what they had learnt and how it has impacted on their current lives. The researcher employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive, explorative design in order to obtain a rich description of the experiences of teenage mothers who have been through a repeat pregnancy. The goal of the study was to explore and describe the reflections of these teenage mothers who had experienced unintended, repeat pregnancies. Data was obtained through semi-structured individual interviews where an interview guide was used. The data was analysed according to the steps outlined by Creswell (2009). Findings were noted and recommendations made. These recommendations are designed for role-players involved with teenagers and youth in general. Emphasis was placed on recommendations to professionals, like educators, healthcare workers and social workers who are at the coalface of dealing with teenagers who engage in sexual activity. Finally, recommendations for further research were made.
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Baines, Jenny. "Repeat frame : how to do things with film." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/612169/.
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Repeat Frame: How to Do Things with Film (2012-14) examines the medium of analogue film and its apparatus: the camera and the projector. The artworks in How to Do Things with Film are an interrogation of analogue film and its performativity. Existing as a part of experimental filmmaking of the twentieth century, they reevaluate the core components of this practice. The methods in which the film apparatus are used in the production and exhibition of the films create an ongoing looped performance of action, which has no beginning, middle or end. The methods I apply that define the operation of the apparatus, impact on how each film behaves when installed in space and so the artworks have various stages of affect in the event of their performance as film installations. My research resulted in four interrelated films presented as an exhibition, foregrounding how the apparatus of analogue film and their respective limitations are integral in the process of production and presentation. The films essentially activate space by performing, which is explored on several different levels through material and mechanical considerations. The performativity of the medium, invoked in these works draws on experimental filmmaking practices including Hollis Frampton’s analogy of the film-strip as performed by the projector. Using experimental film techniques such as repetition, looping and specific use of the camera frame, the medium of film is emphasised. The use of repetition as witnessed in the four films draws attention to the projection frame through the action performed within it, which in turn highlights the out-of-frame. The use of repetition as a generative tool leaves a residual image and memory image in the already known and in the expectation of what is yet to come, therefore contributing to the illusion of a continuum of in-frame and out-of-frame action. The suggested continuum of action creates a tension around the film image, in shifting the experience of duration as a pattern or patterns witnessed in-frame and experienced out-of-frame as a between frames. It is in this space of the between-frames, that I consider as the site of affect in the films, coming about through what I term the performative apparatus. This written analysis, in addition to and accompanying the artwork, emphasizes the technological devices as central to the creation of film. The machinery of film is also central to the writing as I describe the methodological role of each apparatus and how together I consider their functioning as a whole as the performative apparatus. The title of this thesis alludes to the notion of the performativity of film, through referring to J.L Austin’s lecture series How to Do Things with Words, addressing how language performs through what it does. Here the visual language of film material is examined through what it does by performing. The practical processes used in researching Repeat Frame: How to Do Things with Film, determine not only how these works were made, but also how they are installed and subsequently how they generate affect to demonstrate and open up the experience of duration as a series of shifting patterns of ‘how longs’ which are in flux.
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Darlow, John M. J. M. "Secondary structure in trinucleotide repeat DNA in vivo." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13566.
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By inserting different numbers of different trinucleotides into the centre of a long palindrome it has been possible to investigate their tendencies to form hairpins in vivo in any particular alignment and with odd or even numbers of repeat units in the hairpin. It is shown that with d(CAG).d(CTG) repeat tracts there is a markedly greater tendency to form hairpins with even numbers of repeat units than with odd numbers whereas d(GAC).d(GTC) repeats (which are rare, short, and have not been found to expand) show no such alternation despite having the same base composition. d(CAG)2.d(CTG)2 behaves like DNA sequences known to form two-base loops in vitro suggesting that one or both of the strands may also form a compact and stable loop. d(CGG)2.d(CCG)2 also produces very small plaques but beyond d(CGG)3.d(CCG)3 the pattern is different from that of d(CAG).d(CTG) repeats. It seemed likely that this might be because d(CGG).d(CCG) repeats have more than one possible alignment in which they could self-anneal. Further investigation has shown that while even-membered hairpins are preferred in the frame d(CGG).d(CCG), hairpins with odd numbers of trinucleotides are more stable in the frame d(GGC).d(GCC). The disadvantage of the plaque construct is that the orientation of the inserted sequence cannot be predetermined and cannot be ascertained afterwards because it is not possible to sequence across the palindrome. A new phage λ derivative has been constructed which shows that orientation does not affect the in vivo test of hairpin-forming potential. It is also shown that dGAA appears to form a tight hairpin loop in vivo as it does in vitro.
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Papaioannou, Helen. "Repeat, evolve, adapt : portfolio of compositions with commentary." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2386.
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The pieces presented in this research project explore compositional approaches centring around evolving repetition. Through my compositional practice, I investigate repetition as a mechanism for generating perpetual musical transformation and creating hyperactive action based on shifting patterns. Repetition serves to establish rhythmic relationships and to mature patterns, as well as to drive persistent rhythmic instability and textural transience. These qualities generically summarise each of the pieces included in this portfolio, however every piece is particular, written for a specific context and approaching the characteristics described above from various perspectives. Connected to these creative processes and aesthetic traits is the performer’s precarious relationship with the score; the abundance of prescribed, rhythmically progressive actions magnifies the instability of the medium of notation. Alongside sound, I consider the interpersonal interactions between performers and the dynamics of the ensemble to be important factors in driving compositional thought. The growing importance of these ideas throughout the composition portfolio has led me to a reconsideration of the modes of collaboration involved in my practice. This includes an evaluation of traditions of performance practice in relation to the plethora of compositional and notational approaches in contemporary scored music. The core of this research is the composition portfolio which comprises of twelve musical scores and recordings where available. This is supported by a commentary exploring both technical aspects of the work and a contextual discussion of the research, which considers recent and related approaches of other practitioners.
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Wilson, Lindsay Anne. "The enterobacterial repeated intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequence." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342441.
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Ващенко, Н. А., and Г. Б. Козловська. "Прагматико-комунікативні особливості категорії повтору в англомовних рекламних текстах." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19623.
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Mackie, Clare Angela. "Repeat prescribing in general practice : the development and evaluation of methodologies to improve the quality and cost - effectiveness of repeat prescribing." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269962.
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Howery, Larry D., and Peter C. Sundt. "Using Repeat Color Photography as a Tool to Monitor Rangelands." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625547.
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6 pp. / Originally published: 1998This article provides an introduction to repeat color photography and explains how it can be used as an important part of a comprehensive rangeland monitoring program. Reviewed 12/2014. Originally published 05/1998.
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McCarthy, Forrest G. "Landcover change in Arctic Alaska observations through repeat photography /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594501471&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Schleiermacher, Chris. "Algorithmic support for PCR and genome wide repeat analysis." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963799495.
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Bayliss, R. W. R. "The role of FxFG-repeat nucleoporins in nuclear trafficking." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596489.
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Trafficking of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is an essential process in eukaryotic cells. For example, proteins containing a nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) are imported into the nucleus, whereas proteins containing a nuclear export sequence (NES) are exported into the cytoplasm. Many nucleoporins, the proteins from which NPCs are constructed, contain FxFG-repeats, sequences based on a hydrophobic core (of sequence PhexPheGly, where x is usually a small residue) and a hydrophilic linker. Previous work has shown that carrier molecules, including importin-β and Nuclear Transport Factor 2 (NTF2), bind to FxFG-repeats, and addition of soluble FxFG-repeats inhibits nuclear trafficking processes. This Thesis characterises the interactions between FxFG nucleoporin repeats and both NTF2 and importin-β. Binding studies on a rationally-designed NTF2 mutant localise the FxFG binding site to near Trp7. Although I show that the interaction between FxFG repeats and NTF2 is weak, I also show that the interaction is essential for NTF2 to mediate the nuclear import of Ran in permeabilised cells. An X-ray crystal structure of importin-β (residues 1-442) in complex with FxFG repeats is presented which shows, for the first time, how FxFG-repeats interact with a carrier molecule. The crystal structure is used to produce mutants of full-length importin-β which are deficient in FxFG repeat binding, and yet retain binding to RanGTP and importin-α. These mutants are used to demonstrate that an interaction with FxFG repeats is essential for importin-β to mediate nuclear protein import of a substrate containing a classical NLS. A model for how RanGTP may release importin-β from FxFG repeats is proposed.