Academic literature on the topic 'Repeated cross-sectional studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Repeated cross-sectional studies"
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Almond, Russell G., and Sandip Sinharay. "WHAT CAN REPEATED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES TELL US ABOUT STUDENT GROWTH?" ETS Research Report Series 2012, no. 2 (December 2012): i—20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.2012.tb02299.x.
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Escolano-Pérez, Elena, and Angel Blanco-Villaseñor. "Diseños de observación longitudinales: cambio intra-individual y diferencias inter-individuales observados durante la infancia." Anales de Psicología 31, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.166361.
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<p>The study of change in repeated measures studies or longitudinal studies (cross-sectional and/or cross-sequential) is of considerable interest in the field of developmental psychology. Qualitative and quantitative measures of interindividual and intraindividual variability can be used to capture changes in cognitive development.</p><p>In the present study, through an empirical analysis of infant cognitive development, we investigate whether or not longitudinal (cross-sectional/cross-sequential) research designs can be used interchangeably with univariate or multivariate data analysis techniques. Methodologically, longitudinal data can be processed by univariate or multivariate analysis. However, the results and their interpretation may be different, even when the necessary statistical requirements are performed. Current statistical programs incorporate techniques to test for the presence of significant differences in data, regardless of whether these are evaluated by univariate or multivariate analysis.</p>The results of this study, conducted in infants studied at three time points (18, 21 and 24 months), show that both intraindividual and interindividual variability can be detected by repeated measures analyses.
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Chandler, Nick, Balazs Heidrich, and Richard Kasa. "Everything changes? A repeated cross-sectional study of organisational culture in the public sector." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 5, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-03-2017-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how organisational culture has changed between 2011 and 2016 in a higher education institution (HEI) that has been faced with both significant internal and external changes. There are three areas to be examined: the change in culture on an organisational level, the demographic changes in the workforce, and the changes in values and perceptions of the workforce over time. Design/methodology/approach This is an explorative study and a repeated cross-sectional study of the organisation. The authors used the same methodology and approach for both the 2011 and 2016 studies, namely, the Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument was used to ascertain respondents values and perceptions. The instrument was distributed in printed format to all members of staff and approval was received prior to distribution. Results were tested for significance using Cronbach’s α and ANOVAs. Findings There were demographic changes in the workforce primarily for age, occupation and tenure of staff, but little change in gender. Despite these changes in the workforce, on an organisational level perceptions and values have changed little over the five-year period, despite a multitude of external and internal developments. Although there were statistically significant differences between culture types and demographics (age, tenure, gender and occupation), there was no single demographic with a statistically significant difference for a particular culture type, either in values or perceptions. Research limitations/implications The study questions the concept of organisational culture being affected by internal integration and external adaptation over time. Results indicate that culture is, by itself, either slow to react change, or does not react at all. A high response rate would be best for getting a clear picture of the culture of the organisation and a qualitative study is necessary (and planned) to develop the findings further, as well as triangulate the findings of this study. Practical implications This study should be of interest to practitioners as it presents the caveat that organisational culture of this study cannot be expected to change on its own, and highlights the need for a planned change process for the organisational culture to adapt to the changing needs of both the external and internal environments. The potential for resistance to change in this organisation appears is high and values and perceptions appear unrelated to any particular demographic. Social implications Although the authors cannot generalise from this longitudinal case study, the authors can consider some potential social implications, especially if further studies confirm the findings. First, despite government attempts to develop higher education in Hungary, staff perceptions and values within the institution are harder to change. Second, any attempts to revitalise the organisation from the inside (such as in this case with the forced retirement of older employees) seem unfruitful. Finally, the HEI is struggling to survive, and yet employees seem to not be a part of that struggle. Originality/value Although there are studies of organisational culture in HEIs, very few have undertaken a longitudinal approach. The study takes place in a unique situation: just before and just after extreme changes – both internally and externally – have taken place. Few studies question the organic and evolving nature of culture as it is difficult to predict when changes will occur. The study is in the unique position of having been able to do so.
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Hu, Wei, Hongdao Meng, Qiuyue Hu, Lijuan Feng, and Xianguo Qu. "Blood donation from 2006 to 2015 in Zhejiang Province, China: annual consecutive cross-sectional studies." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e023514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023514.
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ObjectivesTo describe the basic demographical characteristics of whole blood donors in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2006 to 2015 and to examine the trends in individual characteristics associated with blood donation and the relationship between weight and donation.DesignCross-sectional study comparing characteristics of blood donors and annual donations for the period 2006 to 2015.SettingUrban and rural communities in Zhejiang, China(11 cities, 89 districts or counties and 1379 townships).Participants3 226 571 volunteer blood donors.Outcome measuresVolume of each whole blood donation and donation frequency. All data were collected by trained staff and entered into a standardised electronic information system.ResultsThe number of blood donations generally trended up in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2015. Donors were predominately males aged 18 to 25 years, but this major donor age group shifted to the 26 to 45 year range by 2015. The rate of repeated blood donation was 30.8 per cent. The blood volume per donation concentrated in 200 mL and 400 mL categories has been gradually shifted to 300 mL and 400 mL. Approximately one-third of donors had a college education. The average weight of donors increased over time for both men and women. Both the blood volume of each donation and donation frequency were proportional to weight.ConclusionsThe trend of voluntary non-remunerated blood donation in Zhejiang province is positive. However, given the expected growth in demand for whole blood, more research is needed to increase both the donor pool and the rate of repeated donation. The relationship between body weight and blood donation warrants further study because while improving nutritional status is associated with higher average donation volume and more frequent donations, overnutrition may lead to poorer quality of donated blood. Blood donation may present a unique opportunity for health education and body weight management to monitor and improve population health.
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Reece, AS, A. Norman, and GK Hulse. "Serum ionic dysequilibria in clinical opioid dependence: Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 8 (February 22, 2017): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116666649.
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Introduction: Despite an increasing awareness that the activity of excitable membranes is determined by the underlying ionic gradients across them, and their importance in drug dependency, we were not able to identify any reports of comparing the electrolyte composition of opioid-dependent and non-addicted controls. Methods: Linear regression was used to compare clinical pathology blood results taken from 2699 opioid-dependent patients (ODP) and 5307 medical control (MC) patients on a total of 21,734 occasions for the period 1995–2015. The presence of a hepatitis C antibody test was used to separate OPD and MC patients. Results: The mean age among ODP and MC was 33.51 ± 0.16 and 37.99 ± 0.23 years, respectively ( p < 0.0001). The groups were 71.5% and 54.2% male ( p < 0.0001). Drug use in this cohort has been reported previously. Analysis of sodium, haemoglobin and albumin were used to exclude marked effects of haemodilution/haemoconcentration. Repeated measures linear regression against age and time showed depressed levels of bicarbonate ( p < 0.0001) and potassium ( p < 0.05) and elevated levels of chloride ( p < 0.025) and anions ( p < 0.01) in ODP in both sexes. Multiple regression in mixed-effects models showed that these effects were all worse in females ( p = 0.0001). Conclusion: This data shows that opioid dependence is associated with significant changes in chloride, potassium, bicarbonate and anions in both sexes, and worse in females. This likely has implications for the electrophysiological properties of excitable membranes. It is consistent with the reported impairment of potassium-chloride exchangers in opioid dependence. Explication of the mechanisms responsible must await further studies.
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Zhang, J. C., N. Carnide, L. Holness, and P. Cram. "Cannabis use and work-related injuries: a cross-sectional analysis." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 8 (October 27, 2020): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa175.
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Abstract Background Although the association of cannabis use with automobile accidents has been well-studied, the impact of cannabis on workplace safety and injuries is less clear. Aims The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between work-related injury and cannabis use in the past year. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2013–16) of working individuals. We used multiple logistic regression modelling to calculate the odds of experiencing a work-related injury (defined as non-repetitive strain injury) among workers who reported using cannabis more than once during the prior 12 months as compared to non-users. We repeated the analysis among participants working in high injury risk occupational groups only. Results Among the 136 536 working participants, 2577 (2%) had a work-related injury in the last 12 months. Of these 2577 who had a work-related injury, 4% also reported being a cannabis user in the same period. We found no association between past-year cannabis use and work-related injury (odds ratio for work injury among users 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.99). The association was unchanged in the subgroup analysis limited to high injury risk occupational groups. Conclusions We found no evidence that cannabis users experienced higher rates of work-related injuries. While awaiting prospective studies, occupational medicine practitioners should take a risk-based approach to drafting workplace cannabis policies.
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Chu, Cherry, Peter Cram, Andrea Pang, Vess Stamenova, Mina Tadrous, and R. Sacha Bhatia. "Rural Telemedicine Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): e26960. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26960.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a notable increase in telemedicine adoption. However, the impact of the pandemic on telemedicine use at a population level in rural and remote settings remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to evaluate changes in the rate of telemedicine use among rural populations and identify patient characteristics associated with telemedicine use prior to and during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study on all monthly and quarterly rural telemedicine visits from January 2012 to June 2020, using administrative data from Ontario, Canada. We compared the changes in telemedicine use among residents of rural and urban regions of Ontario prior to and during the pandemic. Results Before the pandemic, telemedicine use was steadily low in 2012-2019 for both rural and urban populations but slightly higher overall for rural patients (11 visits per 1000 patients vs 7 visits per 1000 patients in December 2019, P<.001). The rate of telemedicine visits among rural patients significantly increased to 147 visits per 1000 patients in June 2020. A similar but steeper increase (P=.15) was observed among urban patients (220 visits per 1000 urban patients). Telemedicine use increased across all age groups, with the highest rates reported among older adults aged ≥65 years (77 visits per 100 patients in 2020). The proportions of patients with at least 1 telemedicine visit were similar across the adult age groups (n=82,246/290,401, 28.3% for patients aged 18-49 years, n=79,339/290,401, 27.3% for patients aged 50-64 years, and n=80,833/290,401, 27.8% for patients aged 65-79 years), but lower among younger patients <18 years (n=23,699/290,401, 8.2%) and older patients ≥80 years (n=24,284/290,401, 8.4%) in 2020 (P<.001). There were more female users than male users of telemedicine (n=158,643/290,401, 54.6% vs n=131,758/290,401, 45.4%, respectively, in 2020; P<.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of telemedicine users residing in relatively less rural than in more rural regions (n=261,814/290,401, 90.2% vs n=28,587/290,401, 9.8%, respectively, in 2020; P<.001). Conclusions Telemedicine adoption increased in rural and remote areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its use increased in urban and less rural populations. Future studies should investigate the potential barriers to telemedicine use among rural patients and the impact of rural telemedicine on patient health care utilization and outcomes.
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Edwards, Richard, Danny Tu, Rhiannon Newcombe, Kate Holland, and Darren Walton. "Achieving the tobacco endgame: evidence on the hardening hypothesis from repeated cross-sectional studies in New Zealand 2008–2014." Tobacco Control 26, no. 4 (July 5, 2016): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052860.
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Dhir, Amandeep, and Ashraf Khalil. "Underpinnings of Internet Parenting Styles: The Development and Validation of the Internet Parenting Scale Using Repeated Cross-Sectional Studies." Journal of Educational Computing Research 56, no. 7 (October 25, 2017): 1149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633117731492.
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The overwhelming majority of parents tend to mediate their children’s Internet use via different Internet parenting styles. Recent research suggests that Internet parenting is closely related to the Internet use behavior, development, and well-being of young people. However, despite this, little prior research has investigated the different Internet parenting styles exercised by parents in the developing world. Similarly, the recent literature has also pointed out the urgent need to develop new empirical measures of Internet parenting. This open research gap is addressed by developing a 10-item scale measuring 4 types of Internet parenting style, namely parental encouragement, parental permission, parental worry, and parental monitoring, using a 3-stage investigation involving repeated cross-sectional surveys. The prior Internet parenting literature exclusively focused on developed countries in the West and Far East, while developing countries have rarely been studied. The present study has addressed this gap by recruiting adolescent and young-adult Internet users from India. The study results suggest that the Internet parenting scale has a stable factorial structure, and sufficient instrument validity and reliability over time. Furthermore, it is also valid for adolescents attending public schools and young-adult Internet users. This study offers different theoretical and practical implications for researchers engaged in interdisciplinary research on the Internet and youth.
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Rathod, Hetal, Sanjay Darade, Uday Chitnis, Jitendra Bhawalkar, Sudhir Jadhav, and Amitav Banerjee. "Rural prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 02, no. 02 (December 2014): 082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.130792.
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Abstract Background: Recent studies in India indicate rising trends of diabetes even in rural areas. Continuous monitoring of the diabetes situation is required by repeated cross sectional studies in different parts of the country both urban rural to plan control measures. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in a sample of rural population and explore associations between diabetes and known risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 3 villages in the rural field practice area of a medical college in Pune, India. All eligible adults of both genders were included and screened for diabetes by house to house survey. A total of 1000 subjects were examined. Physical examination included measuring height, weight, and waist hip ratio. Blood glucose was estimated using glucometer. Family history of diabetes was also elicited. Data was analysed by descriptive statistics using proportions with 95% confidence intervals. Various associations were explored using using Odds Ratio with 95% confidence intervals as applicable. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 9.1% (91/1000; 95% CI 7.4, 11). Most cases of newly detected diabetics were in the age group 36 - 40 years. There was no association between gender and diabetes (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.88, 2.17). Overweight status was associated with diabetes: 38.5% (35/91) of diabetics were overweight compared to 18.6% (169/909) of non-diabetics (OR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.69, 4.41). Similarly abnormal waist hip ratio was associated with diabetes: 47.25% (43/91) of diabetics had high waist hip ratio compared with 29.59% (269/909) of non-diabetics (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.35, 3.37). Also family history was strongly associated with diabetes: 27.5% (25/91) of diabetics gave positive family history compared with 9.4% (85/909) of non-diabetics (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 2.13, 6.30). Conclusion: The burden of diabetes was present in the rural population studied. The associated known risk factors were also prevalent and showed strong relationship with diabetes. Diabetes mellitus erstwhile thought to be a disease of urban life appears to be equally prevalent in the rural setting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Repeated cross-sectional studies"
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Li, Chih-Lin. "Propensity Score Matching in Observational Studies with Multiple Time Points." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313420291.
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Petty, Duncan R., A. G. Zermansky, and David P. Alldred. "The scale of repeat prescribing--time for an update." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10516.
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YesThe NHS spends billions of pounds annually on repeat prescriptions in primary care, but data on their extent and use is out of date. Understanding the scale of repeat prescribing and for whom it is prescribed is important for the NHS to plan services and develop policies to improve patient care. Anonymous data on prescription numbers and practice population demographics was obtained from GP computer systems in a large urban area.Searches were conducted in November 2011 to identify the numbers of repeat items listed on individuals' repeat lists by sex and age.The proportion of all prescription items issued as repeats was identified by conducting searches on items issued as repeat and acute prescriptions. In the year of study 4,453,225 items were issued of which 3,444,769 (77%) were repeats (mean 13 items per patient/annum) and 1,008,456 (23%) acute prescriptions (mean 3.9 items per patient per annum). The mean number of repeat Items per patient was 1.87 (range 0.45 ages 0-9 years; 7.1 ages 80-89 years). At least one repeat medicine was prescribed to 43% of the population (range 20% for ages 0-9; over 75% for ages 60+). A significant proportion of the population receive repeat prescriptions and the proportion increases with age. Whilst the proportion of repeat items to acute items has remained unchanged over the last two decades the number of repeat prescriptions items issued has doubled (from 5.8 to 13.3 items/patient/annum). This has implications for general practice workload, patient convenience, NHS costs and risk.
Book chapters on the topic "Repeated cross-sectional studies"
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Bell, Andrew. "Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies." In Research Methods in the Social Sciences: An A-Z of key concepts, 72–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198850298.003.0018.
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This chapter focuses on cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. cross-sectional studies involve the analysis of usually quantitative data collected at a single snapshot in time. The unit of observation might be people or countries, and those are measured only once, all at approximately the same time. In contrast, longitudinal studies (also referred to as repeated measures studies) involve analysis on multiple occasions over time, where the same individuals (or countries) — the panel — are measured on each occasion. As such, the unit of observation is occasions, and there are multiple occasions/measures of each individual. A subcategory of longitudinal studies is event-history/survival/duration analysis, where the dependent variable is binary and the focus is on causes of changes between the two states of the outcome. Note that in comparison, time series analysis typically involves fewer individuals (often only one) and a larger number of time points. A third type of study, situated in between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, is repeated cross-sectional analysis, which involves the analysis of multiple cross-sectional data sets over time, and different individuals are measured in each wave of the survey. Here, the unit of observation is individuals, and there are multiple individuals measured in each survey wave.
Conference papers on the topic "Repeated cross-sectional studies"
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Ohuchida, S., T. Kawakubo, and H. Tamaki. "Experimental Study of Rotating Stall in Vaneless Diffuser of a Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95468.
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In this study, with a focus on the rotating stall phenomenon in the vaneless diffuser of a centrifugal compressor, 2D-PIV is conducted to better understand the flow structure. Although many studies have reported concerning this problem, most data is obtained through experiments under lower speed conditions, using a simplified model or equipment. Unlike such studies, a ship board turbocharger compressor with a higher impeller rotation speed is selected as an application for the present measurement. In the measurement, an ensemble-averaged phase locking technique is also selected to compensate for the lack of time resolution of the PIV system. Since rotating stall in vaneless diffuser results in a huge amplitude of pressure fluctuation, the trigger signal for the ensemble-averaged measurement was constructed from diffuser wall pressure. The equipment layout for PIV is set to a cross sectional measurement of constant span height in the diffuser passage. PIV is conducted through a sight glass mounted on the diffuser shroud wall, the field of view of which is limited by its size. To obtain the whole flow structure of the diffuser passage, the measurement is repeated for different cyclic phases of the phenomenon. Five different span heights ranging from diffuser hub to shroud were selected as velocity measurement planes. The result obtained at the mid span indicates a typical pattern of the flow field containing containing low and high-velocity regions mutually in a circumferential direction. Considering other results obtained at different span heights, the whole flow structure is visualized and utilizing this data, both a wall separation pattern and a stall propagation mechanism are considered.
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Olunloyo, Vincent O. S., Ayo A. Oyediran, Ajayi Adewale, Adekunle O. Adelaja, and Charles A. Osheku. "Concerning the Transverse and Longitudinal Vibrations of a Fluid Conveying Beam and the Pipe Walking Phenomenon." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29304.
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In oil and gas installations, whether on-shore or off-shore, pipes are the primary vessel for the conveyance of either crude or products from one location to another. Under use, the pipes are subjected to both internal and external temperature fluctuations while repeated operational start-up and shut-down procedures triggers vibrations of these pipes, propagates internal waves and results in finite and irreversible longitudinal extension of the pipe over time. This longitudinal extension which is sometimes accompanied by pipe buckling is known as ratcheting and has also been described by some as pipe walking. In view of the complicated and intractable nature of the problem, most attempts to study the behavior of these pipes have been limited to the analysis of some reduced problem based on heuristic arguments and idealizations. Within this context, the transverse vibration and stability of such pipes have been studied while the problem of undamped clamped-pinned pipe conveying fluid has also been tackled numerically. Keiper and Metrikine [2004] however pointed out that such numerical schemes sometimes lead to disputed or controversial results. More importantly, the coupling between the transverse vibration and longitudinal motion has been largely ignored or neglected altogether by most writers. The objective of this paper is to formally derive the governing equations of Euler-Bernoulli beam capturing various effects including temperature variations (within and without), Coriolis acceleration, transverse acceleration, pre-stress, pressurization, rotatory inertia, and cross-sectional area change. In particular, it is shown that the latter effect is what causes pipe walking phenomenon. Most of the other effects were either earlier accounted for by Semler, et al [1994] or recently captured by Reddy and Wang [2004]. Nonetheless earlier contributions neglected the effect of the cross-sectional area change completely, thereby omitting the pipe walking phenomenon. Simple examples are considered to demonstrate the importance of these terms.
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Escrig Escrig, Josep, Buddhika Hewakandamby, Georgios Dimitrakis, and Barry Azzopardi. "Influence of Inclination Angle on Intermittent Two Phase Flows." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7696.
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Intermittent gas and liquid two-phase flow was generated in a 6 m × 67 mm diameter pipe mounted rotatable frame (vertical up to −20°). Air and a 5 mPa s silicone oil at atmospheric pressure were studied. Gas superficial velocities between 0.17 and 2.9 m/s and liquid superficial velocities between 0.023 and 0.47 m/s were employed. These runs were repeated at 7 angles making a total of 420 runs. Cross sectional void fraction time series were measured over 60 seconds for each run using a Wire Mesh Sensor and a twin plane Electrical Capacitance Tomography. The void fraction time series data were analysed in order to extract average void fraction, structure velocities and structure frequencies. Results are presented to illustrate the effect of the angle as well as the phase superficial velocities affect the intermittent flows behaviour. Existing correlations suggested to predict average void fraction and gas structures velocity and frequency in slug flow have been compared with new experimental results for any intermittent flow including: slug, cap bubble and churn. Good agreements have been seen for the gas structure velocity and mean void fraction. On the other hand, no correlation was found to predict the gas structure frequency, especially in vertical and inclined pipes.