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1
Verma, Nitin, and Balwinder Singh. "Experimental analysis of basic mechanical properties of concrete upon replacement with silica fume and steel slag." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012021.
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Abstract The prime aim in this paper is to find out the effect of Silica Fume and Steel Slag replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in the concrete matrix. The research included replacement of constant percentage of silica fume i.e. 10% with cement and varying percentages of steel slag replacements viz. 40%, 45%, 50% and 55% with fine aggregates. It was found from the experimental investigations that optimum results for strength in compression, flexure and split case for concrete were established on 10% of silica fume replacement for steel slag and 50% replacement of steel slag with sand.
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Al-Alwani, Hudhayfa Ismail Salih, Noor Jumhaa Fadhil, and Saad Ibrahim Yousif. "Study the Impact of Replacing Peanut Flour with Wheat Flour on Physiochemical Properties and Sensory Assessment of Biscuits Produced." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1158, no. 11 (2023): 112009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/11/112009.
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Abstract This study was conducted in order to study and determine the chemical composition, physical properties and sensory evaluation of biscuits manufactured with different replacement percentages of peanuts (0, 10, 20, 25)%. The results of the chemical composition of the biscuits made from replacing peanut flour showed that the moisture content in all samples was between (6.27-6.50%) as the results showed that there was a difference in the moisture content of the different types of biscuits, as for the percentage of ash, there was a significant increase with the increase in the replacement rates, and the percentage ranged between (1.37-1.63)%. The highest percentage of protein in the transaction was BP25%, about (26.13)%, and it was noted that the protein percentage increased with the increase in the replacement rates, while the highest percentage of fat reached about (26.43) in the BP25% sample. The results showed that there was an increase in the percentage of fat with an increase in the replacement rates for the studied transactions, while the percentage of fibers reached the highest percentage in the transaction BP20% (11.27%), the highest percentage of carbohydrates was between (68.33-28.87)%, as the results showed a decrease in the percentage of carbohydrates with an increase in the replacement rates. The results showed the effect of the replacement ratios on the physical characteristics if each increased with the diameter of the biscuit and the diffusion coefficient with an increase in the replacement ratio. As for the sensory evaluation, the results of the studied characteristics (general appearance, top surface characteristics, freshness, crunchiness, flavor, aroma, taste, color, general acceptance) showed that the replacement rate exceeded BP20% for biscuits made from peanut flour replacement, as its results were higher than the rest transactions.
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Gross, Jeffrey B. "Appropriate Inspired Carbon Dioxide Percentage for Absorber Replacement." Anesthesia & Analgesia 133, no. 2 (2021): e25-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005623.
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Shanmugapriya, J., and K. Chinnaraju. "Transport Properties of Internally Cured Self Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash." Cement Wapno Beton 29, no. 1 (2024): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2024.29.1.1.
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Proper curing of concrete has a major beneficial effect on the transport properties of concrete which in turn influences its durability. This paper attempts to study the effect of fly ash on the transport properties of internally cured Self-Compacting Concrete specimens under ambient conditions. Two internal curing materials, Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregates [LECA] and Superabsorbent Polymer [SAP] were chosen for the study. Properties such as sorptivity, resistance to chloride ion penetration and chloride ion migration specimens with varying percentages of fly ash replacement from 30% to 50% are presented under different curing conditions namely conventional curing, sealed curing with internal curing materials and ambient curing with internal curing materials. The results showed that the impermeability of concrete improved with an increasing percentage of fly ash replacements owing to the presence of internal curing water to improve hydration along with fly ash that moderates the heat of hydration and drying. The internal curing efficiency also improved with the increase in the percentage of fly ash replacement. Under ambient conditions, the mixes with fly ash above 45% replacement have shown very good mechanical and durability properties indicating a refined pore structure leading to enhanced transport properties.
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O, Ihemegbulem Ezekiel, Njoku Kelechi O, Nwokorobia Godfrey C, and Ikpa Patience N. "Compressive Strength Determination of Granite Dust-Sandcrete." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 1 (2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i01.002.
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This study entails the research data of the empirical study carried out on the compressive strength determination of Granite dust-Sandcrete with granite dust as partial replacement of three (3) grades of river sand with fineness modulus (fm) of 2.29, 2.44 and 2.89. The percentage replacements range from 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% to 100%. A gross number of 102 cubes of 150 × 150 × 150mm square metallic mould were blend, mixed and cast with a mix ratio of 1:5. Three (3) cubes were blend, mixed and cast for each percentage partial replacement and a total 34 cubes for each grade of river sand, were crushed to derive the compression strength of 28th day curing respectively. For river sand with fineness modulus of 2.29, the highest strength was recorded on 80% replacement, while the least strength was recorded on 0% replacement. For the same river sand, compressive strength increased from 0% to 80% and assumed a descending trend from 80% to 100%. For 2.44 fineness modulus, the highest strength was recorded on 80% replacement, while the least strength was recorded on 0% replacement. Also, for the same river sand, compressive strength increased from 0% to 80% and assumed a descending trend from 80% to 100%. For river sand of 2.89 fineness modulus, the highest strength was recorded on 70% replacement, while the least strength was recorded on 0% replacement. Also, compressive strength increased from 0% to 70% and assumed a descending trend from 70% to 100%. Generally, the compressive strength assumed an upward trend as the percentage replacement increases.
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Jafri, N., M. I. F. Rosli, K. D. A. Ghani, A. Abdul Aziz, N. Zakaria, and S. Sharih Md Zahir. "Determination on The Optimum Percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Mortar." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (2023): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012046.
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Abstract This study aims to determine the optimal percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as fine aggregate replacement in mortar. Various percentages of crumb rubber with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% are used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. The mortar was subjected to a compressive strength test to evaluate crumb rubber strength performance with varying percentages. The mortar specimen was examined to determine the optimal percentages of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) containing variable percentages of crumb rubber as a partial fine aggregate replacement for 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive strength test was used until the ECC failed. This study has been carried out using 54 sample mortar cubes with 50 mm cube specimen sizes. As a result, of increased crumb rubber addition into ECC, the compressive strength was significantly reduced, which could be attributed to the low stiffness of crumb rubber and the expanded closing pores in the cement paste. The performance of RECC as a mortar improves in terms of energy dissipation and ductility as used in the compressive strength test. The optimal percentage of crumb rubber as replacement partial fine aggregate is 5%.
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Nor Asyiqin Jafri, Mohd Ikmal Fazlan Rosli, Kay Dora Abd Ghani, Atiqah Abdul Aziz, Noorliyana Zakaria, and Sharih Naim Sharih Md Zahir. "The Ideal Percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as Partial Sand Replacement." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 31, no. 2 (2023): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.31.2.6270.
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The demand for materials to retrofit earthquake-prone high-rise buildings and road vehicle tire manufacturing has led to crumb rubber as a partial sand replacement. This trend, in turn, has contributed to the rapid growth of urbanisation. Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) comprises sand, cement, fibres, and admixtures as primary materials and does not require the addition of coarse aggregates to the mix. This study aims to determine the ideal percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as a partial sand replacement. The mechanical properties, such as the compressive and splitting tensile strength, were evaluated at varying percentages of crumb rubber (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Due to the increased percentages of crumb rubber as a partial sand replacement into ECC, the compressive strength and tensile strength of RECC were significantly reduced. Despite these reductions, all the mixture achieved its minimum acceptable compressive strength of 35 MPa, and tensile strength is 2.31MPa. The ideal percentage of crumb rubber as partial sand replacement in ECC or RECC is 5%. However, more extensive tests can be conducted in the future to determine the flexural strength of different percentages of crumb rubber.
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Nagaraju, Putta Venkata. "Assessing the Usage of Barytes Powder and Cuddapah Stone Dust as Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete of Grade M30 and M35." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 10 (2024): 1393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.64906.
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This research studied the effects of using Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste as substitutes for cement in M30 and M35 grade concrete using OPC. Cement production is known to harm the environment and consume a lot of energy, making the search for alternative materials to replace cement in concrete important.In this study, different amounts of Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste were added to concrete mixes as partial replacements for cement. The resulting concrete was tested for compressive strength and compared to normal concrete. The experiment involved making concrete samples with varying percentages of cement replacement, ranging from 0% to 50%, using Barytes powder, Cuddapah stone waste and Combination. The samples underwent standard curing and testing according to Indian standards.The research analysed the results to find the optimum percentage of cement replacement that provided satisfactory mechanical properties. This study determined the feasibility and effectiveness of using Barytes powder and Cuddapah stone waste as partial replacements for cement in concrete production.
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Si Kiong, Lau, and Norsuzailina Mohamed Sutan. "Initial Surface Absorption of Pozzolan and Polymer Modified Mortar." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (2013): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.103.2013.
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This study involves the investigation of water absoption of mortar modified with combinations of polymer and pozzolan by using initial surface water absorption test (ISAT). Since surface of mortar or concrete serves as medium that will be most easily penetrated by moisture that can cause corrosion of reinforcement bars that leads to durability problem, it is imperative to make it durable.Polymer additive and pozzolanic cement replacement used in this study was Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and Fly Ash (FA) respectively. Mixes were prepared with two water to cement ratios (w/c) of 0.3 and 0.4 with different combinations of 5%, 7% & 10% SBR additive and 10%, 20% and 30% FA cement replacement. Results showed that modified mortar with combination of higher percentages of polymer additive and lower percentages of pozzolonic cement replacement have the lowest initial surface absorption rate compare to unmodified mortar. It can be concluded based on this study that high percentage of polymer addition and low percentage of pozzolanic cement replacement in mortar can enhance its resistance to water absorption.
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Nwankwo, P. O., U. N. Wilson, and Z. Danbuba. "THE FIRE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE MADE WITH RECYCLED PLASTIC AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR COARSE AGGREGATE." Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 2 (2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v34.18309.
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This research is aimed to investigate the fire resistance of recycled discarded plastic when used as partial replacement for normal granite coarse aggregate in concrete when exposed to elevated temperatures. Discarded Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottles were cut into a maximum size of 20mm to produce Recycled Plastic Aggregate (RPA). The replacement of normal aggregates with RPA were in proportion of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight of normal coarse aggregate. The compressive performance of the concrete made with RPA were studied by casting three 100 mm cubes for each of the percentage replacements and tested at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing age. A set of three (3) concrete cubes for each percentage replacement was cured for 28 days and subjected to a temperature of 718oC for a duration of 15 minutes in a furnace. Results of slump tests on fresh concrete showed that workability decreased with increase in RPA. Densities and compressive strengths for normal cube samples not subjected to elevated temperatures and the sample subjected to temperature of 718oC increased with increase in curing age and decreased with increase in percentage of RPA. The result showed that the concrete specimen with 10% replacement of RPA was optimum for good thermal stability.
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Sastry, K. V. S. Gopala Krishna, A. Ravitheja, and T. Chandra Sekhara Reddy. "Effect of Foundry Sand and Mineral Admixtures on Mechanical Properties of Concrete." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 1 (2018): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0008.
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Abstract Foundry sand waste can be utilized for the preparation of concrete as a partial replacement of sand. The strength properties of M25 grade concrete are studied with different percentages of replacement of fine aggregates by foundry sand at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The optimum percentage of foundry sand replacement in the concrete corresponding to maximum strength will be identified. Keeping this optimum percentage of foundry sand replacement as a constant, a cement replacement study with mineral admixtures such as silica fume (5%, 7.5%, 10%) and fly ash (10%, 15%, 20%,) is carried out separately. The maximum increase in strength properties as compared to conventional concrete was achieved at 40% foundry sand replacement. Test results indicated that a 40% replacement of foundry sand with silica fume showed better performance than that of fly ash. The maximum increase in strengths was observed in a mix consisting of 40% foundry sand and 10% silica fume. SEM analysis of the concrete specimens also reveals that a mix with 40% foundry sand and 10% silica fume obtained the highest strength properties compared to all other mixes due to the creation of more C-H-S gel formations and fewer pores.
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Al-Alwani, Hudhayfa I., Noor J. Fadhil, and Saad I. Yousif. "The effect of replacing wheat flour with sesame and flax flour on the chemical composition, fatty acids, and antioxidant properties of biscuits." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 23, no. 4 (2023): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.23.4.7.
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The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about the chemical make-up of various grains and to analyze the chemical compositions, fatty acids, and antioxidant content of biscuits made with varying amounts of sesame and flax flour (0, 10, 20, and 25% replacement ratios). The chemical composition of the biscuits created by substituting sesame flour and flax indicated that the moisture content in all samples was between 5.90 and 6.33%, although the findings showed a disparity in the percentage of moisture for the various biscuit kinds. The proportion of ash increased dramatically with the replacement rates, from 1.33 to 1.70%. The BS25% treatment had the greatest protein concentration, at 14.43%. As the rate of replacement increased, a corresponding rise in protein content was seen. There was also a correlation between the replacement rates for the treatments investigated and the proportion of fats, with the highest percentage of fats being 10.33%. The BS20% treatment had the greatest fiber percentage (12.20%). The highest carbohydrate percentages (55.10-68.33%) suggested a decreasing carbohydrate ratio when replacement rates were increased. The outcomes also demonstrated that both essential and non-essential fatty acids were present in all types of grains studied. Finally, the highest proportion of antioxidants, which reached 58%, was recorded with the biscuits without any substitutes.
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V. Sri Ramya Lekhini and Janardhan G. "Mechanical Properties on Self - Compacting Concrete Replacement with Fly Ash, Silica Fume in Cement and Addition with Fibres." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, no. 03 (2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0703005.
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Self-compacting concrete has high workability and flow ability than normal compacted concrete. With its segregation resistance and fluidity, it offers a solution to problems in construction field like lack of skilled labour, inadequate compaction, over compaction, segregation etc. This study includes designing a self-compacting concrete mix which is standardized using its fresh properties with respect to EFNARC (European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete)standards. In this study, fly ash is used as partial replacement for cement in concrete. The mix design for M30 grade self-compacting concrete is done as per EFNARC standards. Then various properties of different mixes of M30 grade with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50%and 5% of silica fume as partial replacements of cement were compared, and the optimum percentage replacement is obtained at 30% replacement (SCC 30). On determining the optimum percentage replacement of fly ash in cement for M30 grade SCC as SCC 30, various properties such as weight loss and compressive strength and flexural strength of SCC 30 with normal SCC 30 are compared and then finally basalt fibres were added to cement content to asses the performance of concrete with fly ash and fibres as partial replacements of cement. It is found that the there is loss in weight as well as compressive strength and flexural strength of specimen due to adding fly ash and basalt fibres
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Thapa, Shrawan Kumar, Manoj Kandel, Sunil Panta, and Bishwa Raj Adhikari. "Demography of Total Joint Replacement Surgeries Performed in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Survey." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 59, no. 243 (2021): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.6949.
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Introduction: Total joint replacement of hip and knee is considered as one of the most successful orthopedic surgeries in the twenty-first century because of the only solution to end-stage arthritis of these joints. The real burden of the problem is yet to be established in developing countries like Nepal. This study aims to describe the demographic findings of the joint replacement surgeries among total lower limb surgeries in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted using the hospital records of 73 total joint replacement surgeries of the lower limb in the Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary care hospital from November 2016 to November 2020. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number: 077/78-011). Convenience sampling was done. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data. Results: There were 73 total joint replacement of hips and knees. Of which, 32 (43.84%) total hip replacements were done in which one (3.13%) patient had a simultaneous bilateral hip replacement in single-stage and the other one (3.13%) had two-stage bilateral hip replacement. Forty one (56.16%) total knee replacements were done in which 18 (24.65%) had a simultaneous bilateral knee replacement and five (6.85%) had a unilateral knee replacement. Conclusions: Total joint replacements of the hip were more common among the lower limb surgeries.
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Ebbert, Jon O., Jason A. Post, Thomas P. Moyer, Lowell C. Dale, Darrell R. Schroeder, and Richard D. Hurt. "Nicotine percentage replacement among smokeless tobacco users with nicotine patch." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 89, no. 2-3 (2007): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.034.
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Purkiss, S. F., and N. S. Williams. "Growth rate and percentage hepatic replacement of colorectal liver metastases." British Journal of Surgery 80, no. 8 (1993): 1036–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800800838.
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Chen, Chang Ping, Fu Qiang He, Li Hong, and Xian Qi Zhou. "Investigation on Factors Influencing Workability of Recycled Aggregates Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.733.
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In order to investigate factors influencing workability of recycled aggregates (RA) concrete, such as water amount, sand ratio and RA replacement percentage, 10 pitch of RA concrete was prepared for measurement of workability and a formula was used for calculating effect of water amount on slump of RA concrete. Experimental results and formula induction indicated that there are logarithmic relationship between flowability of fresh concrete and water amount and ratio of aggregates to cement . The flowability will logarithmically increase with increase of water amount and decrease of aggregates cement ratio. The optimum sand ratio for RA concrete can be determined by measurement of slump. Slump decreases with RA replacement percentage and there is a very good linear relationship between them. When water amount increases, slump increases and when replacement percentage of RA increases, slump decrease. Under different water amount, effect degrees of replacement percentage of RA on slump are very similar and under different replacement percentage of RA, effect degrees of water amount on slump are also very similar.
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Rahim, Mustaqqim Abdul, Chan Ivin, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, et al. "The Effect of Concrete Mix Incorporating Different Percentage of Dolomite Fines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1216, no. 1 (2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012036.
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Abstract Since the cost of cement increases and the pollution to environment due to greenhouse effect are becoming more serious year by year, thus, dolomite fines subjected to replace the cement in concrete mix as it has lower cost compared to cement. In this research, the replacement of cement with dolomite fines carried out in this study is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 25%. The grade of concrete a designed to be 30. A total of 45 units of 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm concrete cube and 30 units of cylindrical concrete sample with diameter of 150 mm and height of 300 mm designed in this study. The properties of concrete sample in terms of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, ultra-pulse velocity and rebound hammer test for various percentage replacement are determined in this study. The tests on concrete sample carried out at the age of 7-days and 28-days. Overall, its shows that 10 % replacement of cement with dolomite fines provided the highest strength to the concrete in terms of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength.
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Anwar, Faiz Habib, Hilal El-Hassan, Mohamed Hamouda, Gilbert Hinge, and Kim Hung Mo. "Meta-Analysis of the Performance of Pervious Concrete with Cement and Aggregate Replacements." Buildings 12, no. 4 (2022): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040461.
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In recent years, pervious concrete (PC) has gained much attention as one of the strategies for low-impact development (LID) in pavements due to its structural, economic, and road-user benefits. This study sought to review and evaluate changes in the mechanical, hydraulic, and durability performance of PC produced with cement and aggregate replacements. A meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the feasible range of the replacement percentage and the number of materials that could be used to replace cement and aggregates; single or binary replacements were considered. Results indicated that cement-replacing materials, industrial wastes (IWA), and recycled aggregates (RA) met the minimum requirement for the mechanical, hydraulic, and durability properties of PC. The use of a single cement replacement material provided PC with better performance than when cement was replaced with two or more materials or when cement alone was used. Industrial waste was found to be a better replacement to aggregates than RA. The combined replacement of cement and aggregates with IWA and other cement-replacing materials was the most effective method for improving the mechanical, hydraulic, and durability performance of PC. Replacements of up to 40% was considered viable for cement replacement, while up to 50% replacement was considered practical for aggregate and combined replacement. PC incorporating different cement-replacing materials exhibited equivalent or improved mechanical properties and maintained hydraulic performance compared to cement-based PC. Nonetheless, limited studies are available on the durability performance of PC made with cement and/or replacements. Thus, the durability of PC coupled with the applicability of replacement materials acquired from different locations need to be evaluated to address the viability of producing more durable PC with the use of replacements.
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Singh, Ripudaman, and Sourabh Lalotra. "An Experimental Study on Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Aggregate with Bamboo Pieces and Cement with Alccofine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (2022): 1807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46507.
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Abstract: In this paper, we are going to partially replace a coarse aggregate with bamboo pieces and a cement with Alccofine respectively. Alccofine is advanced micro fine material of new generation which is important in terms of workability as well as strength. The main aim of this work is to highlight the importance of bamboo and Alccofine 1203 as a coarse aggregate and cement replacement respectively in construction or concrete industries. ALCCOFINE 1203 of ultrafine particle size is added as a replacement of cement which wills not only help to improve the strength of the concrete but also provide resistance against chloride attack on concrete, sea water attack, and accelerated corrosion attack on concrete. An experimental investigation has been conducted to replace the natural coarse aggregate with different percentages of bamboo aggregate (by weight). The percentage of bamboo added by 0%, 4%, 8%, 12% , 16% , 20% and 24% as partial replacement of coarse aggregate used in concrete. Similarly, the percentage of alccofine added by 0%, 3% , 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% and 18% as partial replacement of cement (by weight) used in concrete.
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Keryou, Abdelmaseeh Bakos, and Gailan Jibrael Ibrahim. "Effect of Using Windows Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate on Some Properties of Concrete." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 23, no. 3 (2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.23.3.05.
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The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of using waste glass (WG) on some mechanical properties of concrete at both fresh and hardened stages. In our study, we used local windows waste glass (WG) as partial replacement of fine aggregates with 0, 20, 25, and 30% percentages (by weight).The experimental results obtained from testing specimens prepared from concrete mixes with water/cement ratio equal to 0.5, showed that the optimum percentage of fine waste glass to be used within the concrete mix was 20%. At this percentage of replacement the compressive strength obtained at 28-days age was 39 MPa compared with 30.32 MPa for reference concrete mix.
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Duan, Junzhou, Yubin Lu, Shu Zhang, and Xiquan Jiang. "Comparative study of tensile tests based on Hopkinson bar for recycled aggregate concrete." International Journal of Protective Structures 10, no. 1 (2018): 26–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419618788697.
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To comparatively study the tensile properties and fracture patterns of recycled aggregate concrete with various replacement percentages (i.e. 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of recycled coarse aggregate, the dynamic direct tensile tests, splitting tests, and spalling tests of recycled aggregate concrete in the strain-rate range of 100–102 s−1 were carried out using large diameter (75 mm) split Hopkinson tensile bar and pressure bar. Test results show that for recycled aggregate concrete, the quasi-static direct tensile strength is more marvelous than its quasi-static splitting strength. When recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage is 0%–75%, the replacement percentage impact minimally on the quasi-static tensile strength of recycled aggregate concrete. In dynamic tensile tests, there exists apparent difference between the dynamic direct tensile strength and dynamic splitting. The dynamic tensile strength of recycled aggregate concrete increases with the increase of average strain-rate in all three kinds of tests. The average strain-rate affects the damage form of recycled aggregate concrete, which indicates that the recycled aggregate concrete has obvious rate sensitivity. There shows no obvious regularity between the dynamic tensile strength and the recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage. And the indirect tensile strength calculation method used in this article offers the theoretical basis for the engineering application of recycled aggregate concrete.
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Mallikarjuna Reddy, Dr V., and M. Manikanta Sai Swaroop. "Effect of Recycled Aggregates on Strength and performance of Recylced Aggregate Concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401085.
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This study is taken up to utilise the recycled coarse aggregate and recycled fine aggregate as replacement of natural aggregate in concrete mix. It is required to find the percentage of recycled coarse aggragate and recycled fine aggregate, as the strength of concrete can not be achieved by using higher percentaged. The purpose of study is to compare between recycled coarse aggregate and recycled fine aggregate with natural coarse aggregate and sand in terms of specific gravity, water absorption, particle size distribution. Further, this stydy will also consider the difference between the performance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete for different percentages of recycled coarse aggregate and recycled fine aggregate i.e for 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% replacement. The present study is an experimental investigation on the behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (coarse& fine aggregates) with respect to the strength and performance.
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Sachin, B. Kandekar, and K. Wakchaure Swati. "Strength of Concrete using Clay as a Partial Replacement of Binder Content with and Without Lime." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 10, no. 3 (2021): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B6275.0910321.
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Materials are the most important component of building construction. The demands of construction material are increasing day by day significantly. This demand is increasing the material prices and scarcity of material in construction industry. To achieve economical and eco-friendly criteria naturally occurring material is selected. Clay is a natural material and it can be available easily. This paper interprets the experimental investigation on strength of concrete using clay as a partial replacement to binder content (cement) in concrete. The replacement percentages are grouped as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of clay and 5% of hydrated lime with cement in each series in M25 grade of concrete. To achieve the pozzolanic property of clay hydrated lime was added. Different tests are performed to determine the optimum percentage of clay as a replacement for binder content (cement) in concrete. The Compressive strength test, split tensile strength test and flexural strength test were performed on the specimens. Total 90 cubes of size 150 mm were prepared for compressive strength test, 30 cylinders of 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height were prepared for split tensile strength test and 30 beams of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 1000 mm were prepared to carry out the flexural strength test. The results are compared to find the ideal proportion of clay as a replacement for cement. It is found that 10% replacement with 5% hydrated lime gives satisfactory results.
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Alake, Olaniyi. "COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF TERMITE MOUND AND LIME BLENDED CEMENT MORTAR SUBJECTED TO ACIDIC ENVIRONMENT." FUTA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 16, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51459/futajeet.2022.16.1.298.
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This study investigated the compressive strength of 50 x 50 x 50 mm termite mound cement and sand mortar made from mixes containing lime,. Mix ratios (1:4 and 1:6) and percentage replacements of cement with lime and termite mound in the order of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% were used. A total of 360 cubes were cast and cured in water. The specimens were also cured in 1% and 3% solution of tetraoxosulphate vi and trioxonitrate v acid for a period of 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days using water binder ratio of 0.65. Test results revealed that the compressive strength of the mortar cubes increases with age but decreases with increasing percentage replacement of cement with lime and termite mound when cured in water while the compressive strength decreases with age and decreases with increasing percentage replacement of cement with lime and termite mound for the specimens cured in acid. The compressive strength of the sample cured in tetraoxosulphate vi acid (H2SO4) is higher than that of trioxonitrate v acid (HNO3).
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Jatoi, Masroor Ali, Ghulam Shabir Solangi, Fahad Ali Shaikh, Sarosh Khan, and Shabir Ahmed. "Effect of Lakhra Fly Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement in Traditional Concrete." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, no. 4 (2019): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1904.16.
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This study was aimed to determine the effect of LFA (Lakhra Fly Ash) as partial replacement of cement in concrete. To conduct this study, a total of 72 standard concrete cylinders were cast with 1:2:4 proportions at 0.5 water-binder ratios. Cement was partially replaced by weight with LFA and the percentage replacements of FA (Fly Ash) were kept as 0, 5, 15, 25, 40 and 50%. In addition to that, workability of each mix was determined by Slump Cone test and Compaction Factor test. Out of 72 cylinders, 36 cylinders were tested to determine the compressive strength while the remaining 36 cylinders were tested to determine the tensile strength of concrete, at 7 days curing period, by using UTM (Universal Testing Machine). The results revealed that 25% replacement of binder with LFA, determined an increase in compressive strength of concrete up to 15% as compared to normal cement concrete. Moreover, the tensile strength of concrete also increased up to 16% for the same percentage replacement. Furthermore, it also increased the workability, cohesiveness and surface finishes of concrete. This finding can help to reduce the admixture dosage or the water content of the mix. On the contrary, the compressive strength as well as the tensile strength of concrete decreased in case of 40 and 50% replacements of the cement with FA.
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Alwash, Ali, and Fatimah Al-Khafaji. "Evaluation of using crushed brick as coarse aggregate in concrete layer within rigid highway pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201045.
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Most of the present studies related to the field of highway pavement construction technique tend to make use of the local available materials as substitutes for the imported and necessary materials for some of the practical application. For this reason this research aims at looking for the prospect of used locally available aggregate such as crushed clay bricks for the aim of producing proper concrete with suitable thermal and mechanical properties. Experimental investigations have been carried out to asses the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregate by free manually crushed Brick with percentages (10, 20, 30 and 40)% of virgin coarse aggregate in concrete mix for highway rigid pavement. While the percentage (0)% replacement represent reference mix. Mix proportion based on the target of compressive strength for all replacement percentage of (33) MPa at (28) days to achieve AASHTO requirement for highway concrete rigid pavement .The results of flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, density and thermal conductivity refers to better performance (less thickness of concrete layer with large spacing between contraction or expansion joints and less stresses due to warping induced concrete layer) for concrete mix with 20% crushed brick as replacement of coarse aggregate.
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Moniruzzaman, M., and MBR Mollah. "Autolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a single cell protein for broiler diet." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 48, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v48i1.44551.
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Microbial protein often called as single cell proteins (SCP) are becoming a potential alternative to conventional protein rich ingredients in poultry diet. An experiment was conducted to know the possibility of using Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived SCP in broiler diet. A total of 96 male Ross-308 day old chicks were assigned to four diet comprising control (0% replacement), 25% replacement, 50% replacement and 100% replacement of protein concentrate with autolyzed S. cerevisiae. Each group had 6 replicates of 4 chicks in each. Body weight, body weight gain, daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P>0.05) in case of 25% and 50% replacements. However, 100% replacement had resulted numerically negative effect as compared to control group. Dressing percentage and other carcass characteristics were not affected (P>0.05) in the replacement groups. The results of this study indicated that autolyzed S. cerevisiae might be used to replace protein concentrate at 25% to 50% level in broiler diet without affecting growth and carcass quality.
 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (1): 1-8
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Alsaed, Mays Mahmoud, and Rafal Latif Al Mufti. "The Effects of Rice Husk Ash as Bio-Cementitious Material in Concrete." Construction Materials 4, no. 3 (2024): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater4030034.
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Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in civil engineering construction, and it continues to have increased production. This puts pressure on the consumption of its constituent materials, including Portland cement and aggregates. There are environmental consequences related to the increased emission of CO2 that are associated with the production process of Portland cement. This has led to the development and use of alternative cementitious materials, mainly in the form of condensed silica fume, pulverised fuel ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag. All of these are by-products of the silicon, electrical power generation, and iron production industries, respectively. In recent years, attention has turned to the possible use of sustainable bio-waste materials that might contribute to the replacement of Portland cement in concrete. This research investigates the effects of using rice husk ash as cement replacement material on the 1 to 28-day concrete properties, including the compressive strength, workability, and durability of concrete. The findings indicate that including rice husk ash in concrete can improve its strength at 3–28 days for percentage replacements of 5% to 20% (ranging from 2.4% to 18.7% increase) and improvements from 1 day for 20% replacement (with 11.1% increase). Any percentage replacement with rice husk ash also reduced the air permeability by 21.4% and therefore improved the durability, while there was a small reduction in the workability with increased replacement.
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Sérifou, Mamery, Z. M. Sbartaï, S. Yotte, M. O. Boffoué, E. Emeruwa, and F. Bos. "A Study of Concrete Made with Fine and Coarse Aggregates Recycled from Fresh Concrete Waste." Journal of Construction Engineering 2013 (August 26, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/317182.
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This paper deals with the possibility of using fresh concrete waste as recycled aggregates in concrete. An experimental program based on two variables (proportion of fine aggregates replacement and proportion of coarse aggregates replacement) was implemented. The proportions of replacement were 0%, 50%, and 100% by mass of aggregates. Several mechanical properties were tested as compressive and tensile strengths. The results show a good correlation between aggregates replacement percentage and concrete properties. Concerning mechanical properties, a gradual decrease in compressive, splitting, and flexural strengthn with the increase in recycled aggregate percentage is shown.
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Hadi Izaan, I., A. Suraya Hani, A. W. Norhayati, et al. "Preliminary Study of Sago Fine Waste as a Sand Replacement Material for Cement Brick." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (2022): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012052.
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Abstract This paper presented a preliminary results of utilization sago fine waste as a sand replacement material for cement bricks. Sago waste is a by-product of the extraction of sago starch. Usually, the bark is not utilized for other products and being dumped directly into the rivers or left for natural degradation. About 32,250 tons of sago bark waste annually. Sand however usually obtained by using machinery at the riverbank which greatly contribute to damaging the ecosystem of the river and contributing to global warming. For environmental protection and sustainable development, extensive research has been conducted on the production of bricks from waste materials. The replacement percentage of SFW are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% with water content of 50% and 60%. Density, water absorption and compressive strength are the properties that have been investigated. From the results obtained, both density and compressive strength are decreasing as the percentages of SFW increasing. On the other hand, from the data of water absorption it was found that the percentage of water absorption of brick was increased correspond to the increasing percentages of the SFW. Based on the findings, the optimum brick properties are SFW1W0.6 with the strength 5.18 MPa that can be used as non-load bearing bricks and the optimum percentage of water absorption is at 13.33%. From this study, it was found that the replacement of sand by SFW give a significant impact on density, strength, and water absorption performance of concrete brick.
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Mirgozar Langaroudi, Mir Alimohammad, Mohammad Mohtasham Moein, Ashkan Saradar, and Moses Karakouzian. "Investigation of the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymer Mortars Containing Metakaolin and Glass Powder." Infrastructures 10, no. 2 (2025): 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures10020025.
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The increasing global emphasis on sustainable construction practices has spurred significant international research into developing durable and eco-friendly concrete materials. This study investigates the potential of metakaolin and glass powder as supplementary aluminosilicate materials in slag- based geopolymer mortars, aiming to enhance their mechanical properties and durability. To further improve the performance, polypropylene fibers were incorporated at various dosages. Therefore, 13 mixtures of geopolymer mortar based on blast furnace slag have been developed. The control mix does not contain fibers or slag replacement materials, whereas in the other formulations, glass powder and metakaolin have been employed as substitutes for slag at weight percentages (relative to the weight of slag) of 5% and 10%, separately and in combination. Additionally, the fiber-containing samples are divided into two groups based on the volume percentage of polypropylene fibers, comprising 0.2% and 0.4%. The results of the investigation show that the use of glass powder, particularly at a replacement percentage of 10%, leads to an improvement in the 28-day compressive strength. Furthermore, the mixes containing glass powder demonstrated higher flexural strength compared to those containing metakaolin, irrespective of the volume percentage of fibers. The best performance in the rapid chloride permeability test is associated with the mix containing a combination of glass powder and metakaolin at a replacement percentage of 10%. Satisfactory results have been obtained when using fibers at volume percentages of 0.2% and 0.4%. Additionally, this study utilized a fuzzy inference system to predict compressive strength. The results indicate that, by considering uncertainties, the compressive strength of the mortar can be predicted with an error of less than 1% without the need for complex mathematical calculations.
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NAOUAOUI, Khaoula, Azzeddine BOUYAHYAOUI, and Toufik CHERRADI. "Experimental Characterization of Recycled Aggregate Concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 303 (2019): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930305004.
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The field of construction is evolving rapidly over the last decade. This is justified by the evolution of human activity in various fields mainly tourism, industry … and the aging of several buildings which implies a renovation or a demolition/re-construction. These construction activities involve a large need for aggregates for new construction and a large tonnage of waste from demolitions. In order to remedy this, various stakeholders in the field (suppliers, cement works, research centers, etc.) have valued recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Recycled aggregates concrete is considered a new type of concrete based on the use of aggregates retrieved from the demolished structures instead of natural aggregates. This replacement affects, for sure, the characteristics of the concrete produced specially the mechanical properties. Developed countries have made a great progress in normalizing the use of recycled aggregates (RA) in concrete implementation as a result of many studies done since 80’s. In Morocco, recycled aggregates do not have any specific standards, and is used mainly in roads and pavements construction. Even if it’s not normalized this use is not recent, in 1999 during the rehabilitation of the expressway road of Casablanca which was severely damaged on both channels, the authorities have opted for the reuse of aggregates instead of reloading the existing pavement with a new one. The study is based on the use of recycled concrete crushed from an old building in Rabat- Morocco as aggregates and compared it with naturel aggregates from Morocco to determinate the effect of this replacement on several characteristics of concrete. This article is aiming to investigate experimentally the effect of RA in concrete using different replacement levels, different types of adjuvant and different percentages of it. The results show that over 30% of replacement, the compressive strength decreases considerably for basic concrete. In order to increase the compressive strength for the RAC with a percentage of replacement over 50%, we used different types of additives (Plasticizer, superplasticizer and new generation superplasticizer) and different percentage of it (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%): We concludes that, for our case, the add of plasticizer gives the best result and that the 1% replacement is the optimum percentage. The tests done on RCA made by plasticizer with different replacement level confirm the results without plasticizer: Compressive strength decreases when the replacement percentage increases.
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Kaur, Hardeep, Er Madhu Bala, Er Susheel Kumar, Dr Sandeep Kumar Chandel, and Er Monika Angral. "Investigate the Properties of Concrete as Partial Replacement of Cement With Egg Shell Powder." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 11, no. 1 (2023): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2023.11.1.3.
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Concrete is a highly consumed material in construction field due to its advantages because of this the natural resources are depleting day by day at an alarming rate and there is an immediate need for finding alternate materials to the natural materials in concrete. So, in my study M30 grade concrete is adopted and the cement was replaced with Egg Shell powder with different percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and M-Sand with a constant percentage of 40%. Concrete was casted, cured and then Compressive, Split Tensile and Flexural tests were carried out to find the best combination which results in optimum percentage of strength. The optimum percentage egg shell powder (ESP) is obtained at15%. At optimum ESP the Fine Aggregate is replaced with M-Sand with a constant percentage of 40%. It is the best solution for disposing of used egg shell and to solve the scarcity of sand.
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Hardeep, Kaur, Madhu Bala Er., Susheel Kumar Er., Sandeep Kumar Chandel Dr., and Monika Angral Er. "Investigate the Properties of Concrete as Partial Replacement of Cement With Egg Shell Powder." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST) 11, no. 1 (2023): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7660889.
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Concrete is a highly consumed material in construction field due to its advantages because of this the natural resources are depleting day by day at an alarming rate and there is an immediate need for finding alternate materials to the natural materials in concrete. So, in my study M30 grade concrete is adopted and the cement was replaced with Egg Shell powder with different percentages of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and M-Sand with a constant percentage of 40%. Concrete was casted, cured and then Compressive, Split Tensile and Flexural tests were carried out to find the best combination which results in optimum percentage of strength. The optimum percentage egg shell powder (ESP) is obtained at15%. At optimum ESP the Fine Aggregate is replaced with M-Sand with a constant percentage of 40%. It is the best solution for disposing of used egg shell and to solve the scarcity of sand.
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Ahire, Pooja, Harish Khairnar, and L. R. Desale. "Partially Replacement of Aggregate in Concrete with Granite." International Journal of Science and Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 189–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13347739.
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This research aims to investigate the effects of partially replacing traditional coarse aggregate with granite in concrete mixes. The study will explore the influence of varying replacement percentages on concrete properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, durability, andiworkability. In developingicountries where concrete is widely used, the high and steadily increasing cost of concrete has made construction very expensive. This couplediwith deleterious effect of concrete production on the environment has led to s tudies on various materials which could be usedias partial replacementifor coarseaggregate. This project is experimentedito reduce the cost of concrete. The only way to reduce and tackle these problems is reuse andi recycles. The water cementiratio is maintained forithis mixidesign is 0.45. The granite wastes were properly cut down toithe size oficoarse aggregate andithen they were mixediwith the concrete in 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%,80%. Cubes were casted with these concrete mixes andisubjectedito curing of 7 days, 28 days and their strength is determined. Thedeterminedicompressive strength was compared with the conventional concretecube’s stre ngth. Of the above percentage mixes, the perfect percentage mix of granite withcoarse aggregateis foundiandi can beibroughtito use.
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López-Gómez, Juan José, Olatz Izaola-Jauregui, David Primo-Martín, et al. "Effect of Two Meal Replacement strategies on Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in Advanced Age Patients with Obesity and Osteoarthritis." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (2020): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040976.
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Background and aims: Meal replacement diets consist of replacing one or more meals with an artificial nutritional supplement. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of one against two meal replacement strategies on body composition and cardiovascular risk parameters in patients with obesity. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was designed with a modified hypocaloric diet with an artificial nutritional preparation replacing one or two meals for three months in patients with obesity and osteoarthritis pending orthopedic surgery. An anthropometric evaluation and a measurement of the body composition were done with bioelectrical impedance measurement at the beginning and at three months. Results: A total of 112 patients were recruited. Fifty-two patients (46.4%) were randomized to one replacement and 60 patients (53.6%) to two meal replacements. Eighty-one patients (72.3%) were women, and the average age was 61 (11.03) years. The percentage of weight loss at three months was 8.27 (4.79)% (one meal replacement: 7.98 (5.97)%; two meal replacements: 8.50 (3.48)%; p = 0.56). A decrease in fat mass measured by the fat mass index (FMI) was detected (one meal replacement: −2.15 (1.45) kg/m2 vs. two meal replacements: −2.78 (2.55) kg/m2; p > 0.05), and a relative increase in fat-free mass was observed (one meal replacement: +3.57 (4.61)% vs. two meal replacements: +2.14 (4.45)%; p > 0.05). A decrease in HOMA-IR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol was observed in both groups without differences between them. Conclusions: The substitution strategies of one or two meal replacements were effective in weight loss and fat mass decrease without differences between the two groups. An improvement in lipid parameters, glycemic control, and systolic blood pressure was observed without differences between strategies.
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Prince, Martin R. "Is There Replacement for Percentage Stenosis in Characterizing Occlusive Vascular Disease?" Radiology 245, no. 3 (2007): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2453071331.
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Dale, L. C. "High-dose nicotine patch therapy. Percentage of replacement and smoking cessation." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 274, no. 17 (1995): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.274.17.1353.
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A. O., Ibrahim,, Jimoh A. O., Olaniyi, O. A., Abioye, T., Oluwapelumi, O. A., and Wasiu, J. "Comparative Analysis of the Strength of Concretes Made from Different Aggregates." International Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 7, no. 2 (2024): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijmce-g6symn6r.
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The paper aimed to explore the replacement of river sand in concrete with iron fillings and sawdust at various percentages (10%, 20%, and 30%). The study used a 1:2:4 mix design and a water-cement ratio of 0.5. Wooden square cubes of dimensions 100 x 100 x 100 mm were employed, resulting in 42 concrete cubes. Tests were conducted to assess particle size distribution, specific gravity, bulk density, aggregate impact value, aggregate abrasion value, and compressive strength at 7th and 28th days of curing. Notably, after 7 days, compressive strength results showed that concrete with a 10% iron fillings replacement (18.5 N/mm²) had a higher average strength than concrete with 100% river sand (17.6 N/mm²). However, as the percentage of iron fillings increased to 20% (9.8 N/mm²) and 30% (7.1N/mm²), the compressive strength decreased. On the other hand, concrete with sawdust replacements at 10% (3.7 N/mm²), 20% (1.4 N/mm²), and 30% (0.5 N/mm²) exhibited significantly lower load-bearing capacity. These trends persisted at the 28th day, with the compressive strength decreasing with increasing percentages of iron fillings (10%: 20.3 N/mm², 20%: 11.2 N/mm², 30%: 11.6 N/mm²) and sawdust (10%: 3.4 N/mm², 20%: 2.3 N/mm², 30%: 1.4 N/mm²). The findings suggest that a low percentage of iron fillings can be used in combination with river sand to maintain load-bearing capacity, but sawdust or wood particles should be avoided as they adversely affect compressive strength. This research contributes valuable insights into the use of these materials in concrete mixtures.
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Reiner, Mark, Kevin Rens, and Anu Ramaswami. "The Role of HVFA Concrete in the Sustainability of the Urban Built Environment." Journal of Green Building 1, no. 4 (2006): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.1.4.129.
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Although fly-ash as a partial replacement for cement has been utilized for many years, its use has been almost exclusively used in low volume percentages such as 10% or 20% cement replacement. This paper looks at high volume percentage replacements from 40% to 70%. A mini-mix study revealed that 50% and 60% cement replacement percentages were the best candidates for full scale testing. The environmental benefits included a 25% reduction in smog, human health, and fossil fuel reduction compared to the same element built with 100% Portland cement mix. The economic benefits included a 15% capital cost reduction and a 20% life-cycle cost reduction when compared with a 100% Portland cement mix. Full scale testing included a complete mix design in addition to the construction of four concrete infrastructure products. The products built included an alley panel and curb and gutter sections in the City and county of Denver, a precast manhole and lid, and a twin tee prestressed girder. Although cement products are just one of many materials used in the construction of the built environment, its production has a large impact on the environment. Lowering the embodied energy of multiple types of construction materials will have a significant effect on sustainable urban development. Symbiotic recycling of waste material, such as fly ash in concrete, back into the built environment can help reduce materials on the input side and pollution on the output side of the bulk material flow of an urban city.
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Ahmed, Omar, Jahid Mahammad, and Kumar Kalyani Sunil. "Studies On Behaviour Of Light Weight Aggregate Concrete By Incorporating Alccofine." Journal of Scientific Research and Technology (JSRT) 1, no. 6 (2023): 33–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8308211.
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This study conducts an empirical inquiry with the objective of improving the compressive resilience of lightweight aggregate concrete by integrating alccofine, an additional cementitious substance. The study involves the replacement of a portion of cement with varying percentages of alccofine, namely 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28%, in the formulation of lightweight aggregate concrete. The main goal of this study is to achieve the principal aim of this research is to identify the optimal replacement percentage that yields the highest compressive strength while maintaining the desired properties of lightweight concrete.
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Kumator Josiphiah TAKU, Bilkisu H AMARTEY, Terhemba AGBER, and Michael EGBUNU. "Evaluation of the suitability of plantain peel ash as a secondary cementitious material/ filler in mortar." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 8, no. 2 (2023): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.8.2.0096.
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The possibility of using Plantain Peel Ash (PPA) as a cementitious or filler material in partial replacement of cement for mortar and concrete was investigated in this research work. Plantain peels were collected in Idah in Kogi state and carbonated in the open air to reduce the carbon content after which it was calcined in a muffled furnace at 600oC for 3 hours. Samples were taken for oxide composition using XRF analysis. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced with PPA at 0, 5, 15, 20 and 25% replacement levels and the OPC-PPA mix used as binder material to produce mortar cubes at 0.5% Water to binder ratio and binder – aggregates ratio of 1:6, which were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively and tested for compressive strength. Durability of the PPA blended mortar was evaluated using water absorption, Sorptivity and apparent porosity tests. The result shows that while specific gravity decreased with increasing percentage replacement from 3.1 to 1.2 for 0 to 25% PPA replacement respectively, standard consistency and setting times increased with increasing percentage replacement. The oxide composition of PPA gives a combined SiO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3 of 22.44%, which is less than the 50% required for pozzolanas. The compressive strength at 7, 14 and 28 days curing all increased with curing age but decreased as the percentage of ash increases, with only the mortar with 0% ash meeting the strength requirement for a class M mortar; and while the sorptivity increases with curing age and percentage replacement, water absorption and apparent porosity decreases with age but increases with percentage replacement. However, PPA blended mortars showed higher performance in acidic curing environment as compared to normal OPC mortars. It can be concluded on the basis of this research that while PPA does not meet the requirement of ASTM C618 for pozzolanas, it can be used as a filler material in concrete and mortar at up to 10% replacement of OPC to increase concrete durability when in acidic environment.
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K.Siddhartha, K., P. Bhuvaneshwari, and Saravana Raja Mohan.K. "Strength Characteristics of GGBS and Steel Slag based Binary Mix Concrete." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (2018): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16103.
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The objective of this study is to experimentally study the effect of partial replacement of Portland cement and fine aggregate by the industrial wastes ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and steel slag (SS) respectively, on the various strength parameters of concrete. Totally 9 mixes were proposed according to ACI standards, with varying replacements of cement with 40%, 50% and 60% of GGBS and varying replacement of fine aggregate with steel slag by 10%, 20% and 30% weight of concrete. The compressive strength using cubes of size 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm and splitting tensile strength using cylinder of size 100 mm x 200 mm were found out for curing periods of 14 and 28 days respectively for all the mixes. Results were then compared with conventional concrete and the optimum replacement percentage of GGBS and steel slag is reported.
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Mitikie, Bahiru Bewket, and Daniel Tekalign Waldtsadik. "Partial Replacement of Cement by Waste Paper Pulp Ash and Its Effect on Concrete Properties." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (February 1, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8880196.
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An investigation was conducted to study the viability of using waste paper pulp ash as an alternative material applied as a partial replacement of cement in the manufacturing of concrete and its effect on the properties of concrete, and also, the cost and environmental advantage of using waste paper were examined. Four concrete mixes with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% waste paper pulp ash replacement of OPC and PPC for 25 MPa concrete were prepared. Based on the results obtained from the research, the highest compressive strength obtained at all test ages, i.e., 3, 7, and 28 days, were, 24.36, 28.35, and 36.83 MPa, respectively, with 5% replacement of waste paper pulp ash for OPC, and for PPC, all percentage replacements showed reduction in compressive strength than the control mix. The water absorption of concrete was increased with increasing the percentage of waste paper pulp ash than control concrete. The control concrete clearly has the lowest resistance to 2% sulfuric acid solution compared to blended concrete of OPC-WPPA and PPC-WPPA. The cost comparison indicates that the incorporation of waste paper pulp ash decreases the cost of concrete and WPPA and saves raw materials used in cement and concrete production.
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Mokhtar, Norfaniza, and Nurul Atikah Jalani. "A Review on the Performance of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, no. 1 (2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012011.
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Abstract Waste glass is one of the biggest contributors in waste production in Malaysia which can be used as partial sand replacement in concrete. Silica exists in waste glass components made it becomes a pozzolanic material and suitable to be used in a concrete mixture. The performance of the waste glass as fine aggregate was reviewed by considering the workability of fresh concrete, the strength, and the splitting tensile of hardened concrete. The range of the replacement waste are 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The influence of the waste glass on the microstructure of the concrete also have been evaluated. A total of seventeen previous research papers were collected and review based on the parameters selected. The results shows that replacement of waste glass in concrete give a positive impact for all selected parameters with 20% replacement represent as an optimal percentage replacement. The microstructure of the waste glass concrete resulting that more voids created after 20% replacement of waste glass which affects the compressive strength and split tensile strength of the concrete thus make the optimum replacement percentage is 20% replacement.
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Gopi, K. Sai, Dr T. Srinivas, and S. P. Raju V. "Feasibility Study of Recycled Plastic Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401084.
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Nowadays, Environmental concern towards plastic waste rises because of its low degradability and creating problems like chunking sewer lines, drainages, waterways, filling landfills, health problems, etc. The best approach is recycling and reuses plastic waste. Increase in the production of plastic day by day but, very little was recycled. On the other hand, huge demand for concrete in the construction industry. Utilization of recycled plastic waste in the production of sustainable concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate. This study has been investigated the utilization of two types of recycled plastic waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polypropylene (PP) as fine aggregate in concrete. M30 grade of concrete has been used by partial replacement of fine aggregate (River Sand) with recycled plastic waste in the percentage of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. The workability and compressive strength results are checked to find the acceptable percentage of incorporation of PET and PP in concrete. From the results, it is observed that the workability is decreased as the percentage of recycled plastic waste is increased. The Optimum Percentage of replacement of PET is 10%. PP has shown a marginal reduction in compressive strength for 5% replacement.
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Khalil, Asmaa S. "Compressive strength measurement for cement replacement with recycled glass in concrete." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 14, no. 29 (2019): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v14i29.231.
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The most important environmental constraints at the present timeis the accumulation of glass waste (transparent glass bottles). A lot ofexperiments and research have been made on waste and recyclingglass to get use it as much as possible. This research using recyclingof locally waste colorless glass to turn them into raw materials asalternative of certain percentages of cement to save the environmentfrom glass waste and reduce some of the disadvantages of cementwith conserving the mechanical and physical properties of concretemade. A set of required samples were prepared for mechanical testwith different weight percentage of waste glass (2%, 4%, 5%, 6%,8%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%). American standard for calibration(ASTM C109 / C109M-02) to measure the compressive strengthwhere the results showed that the Maximum compressive strengthwas obtained at the low weight percentage replacement 2%, 4% and5% 6% which is 67.12, 69.24, 62.56 and 59.96 Mpa respectively. fororiginally mix recorded bending resistance (54.16) Mpa.
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Abdul Hadi, M. F., R. Othman, D. Ahmad, M. K. Marwah, E. F. Hashim, and I. F. Abdul Ghani. "The possibility of replacing corn meal with coconut waste on the growth performance of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1119, no. 1 (2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1119/1/012046.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In Malaysia, the development of aquaculture industry faces general feed cost problems. Feed cost is about 70% to 80% of total production. One of the reason is the usage of corn meal which is expensive. Thus, the alternative way is by using plant waste. This idea develop interest towards the aquaculture industry. Hence, this study investigated the replacement of corn meal with coconut waste in different percentages and assess the growth development of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The study design used 5 feed treatments with 3 replications treatments each. The percentage replacement of corn meal to coconut waste become the variables and labelled the treatments by P1 (10% replacement), P2 (20% replacement), P3 (30% replacement) P4 (40% replacement) and control treatment (0% replacement). The suitability of coconut waste feed product had been determine by using the growth performance based on the survival rate of the fish, absolute body weight gains, feed conversion rate and specific growth rate of the fish. Proximate analysis of the formulated feeds was also conducted. Result shows that formulated feed using 30% of coconut waste could possibly replace the corn meal and increase the growth of juvenile African catfish.
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Krishnaraj V, Mruthun J, Nesanth R, and Kamalesh S. "Experimental study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Granite Powder." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 5 (2023): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i05.044.
Full textAbstract:
The usage of cement has expanded significantly as a result of daily advancements and development in the construction industry, and the amount of solid debris generated during construction demolition has also increased significantly. These factors led to the reuse of destroyed construction waste like granite powder, which helped to minimize both the amount of solid waste produced and the shortage of cement needed to make concrete. Waste generated from the manufacturing facility of granite powder also results from the destruction of buildings. According to studies, 20–30% of the material prepared in powder production plants ends up as waste. Due to the limited supply of cement, it should be necessary to make use of this waste material in order to manage building wastes. In place of cement, crushed waste granite powders are used. 0%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45% of the cement was substituted with crushed granite waste powder. Concrete of the M25 grade has been developed and tested. By substituting different percentages of crushed powder for cement, several mix designs for various sorts of mixes were created. Following completion of the 7, 14, and 28-day curing periods, experimental studies were conducted to determine the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of various concrete mixes containing various percentages of crushed trash. It has been found that as the percentage of crushed powder replacement increases, so does the workability. Additionally, the fine granite powder boosts concrete strength by up to 35% percentage.