Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Réponse immunitaire humorale'
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Fayette, Jérôme. "Effet des cellules dendritiques humaines générées in vitro sur la réponse immunitaire humorale." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T259.
Full textRutschmann, Sophie. "La Réponse immunitaire humorale de la drosophile : Analyse génétique par mutagenèse systématique à l'EMS." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13042.
Full textInsects are able to mount an efficient host defense to fight against microbial infections. A hallmark of their immune response is the synthesis and release in the hemolymph of a cocktail of antimicrobial peptides. Genetic studies have shown that, in Drosophila, at least two independent pathways control the expression of antimicrobial peptides : the Toll pathway, that regulates the antifungal response, and the imd pathway, that is responsible for the antibacterial response. Nevertheless, some aspects of the regulation of the immune response remained to be elucidated : what are the mechanisms that allow self versus self-non self recognition? What are the components of the activating cascades through hemolymph that signal the presence of pathogens? Which are the members of the imd and Toll pathways that are still unknown? To address these questions, the team in which I accomplished my Ph. D. Thesis realized an EMS (Ethyl Methan Sulfonate) mutagenesis screen of the second chromosome of Drosophila. The aim of this approach is to identify all the genes involved in the regulation of the antimicrobial peptide genes expression. During the mutagenesis screen, we performed more than 27000 crosses and established 7600 fly strains homozygote for mutations carried by the second chromosome. Screening these mutants allowed us to recover several Drosophila lines affected either in the antifungal or the antibacterial response. Analysis of these mutants suggest that the two distinct pathways controlling Drosophila immune response result in the activation of two different Rel proteins : Dif (antifungal pathway) and Relish (antibacterial pathway). The cloning of the genes identified during the screen allowed us to show that the two pathways mediating antimicrobial immune response in Drosophila are largely independant
Lebreton, Aurélien. "Spécificité épitopique de la réponse immunitaire humorale non-neutralisante et neutralisante chez l'hémophile A." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20228/document.
Full textHaemophilia A (HA) is an inherited bleeding disorder due to factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. The preventive treatment of HA is based on regular infusions of FVIII. Secondary to the treatment, an immune response often occurs, composed by inhibitory antibodies and by non-neutralising antibodies (NNA). Fine epitope mapping of anti-FVIII antibodies may help for a better understanding of the physiopathology of this immune response. There was two axes in this PhD thesis: the first part is dedicated to the identification of discontinuous epitopes on FVIII C2 and A2 domains, by using synthetic peptides predicted by a bioinformatic tool in inhibition tests based on Luminex technology. Results allowed us to identify 8 peptides mimicking discontinuous epitopes around the C2 domain and 2 peptides mimicking close epitopes on the A2 domain surface. These studies demonstrate that our approach combining bioinformatics with an assay adapted for the anti-FVIII immune response study is fruitful. The second part was dedicated to the evaluation of the prevalence and epitope specificity of NNA, using a multiplexed Luminex assay. A prevalence of 18.1% of NNA was thus found in 210 HA patients without inhibitors from a french multicentric retrospective cohort. An marked epitope specificity againt the heavy chain was noticed. The new tools that we developped will be helpful for refining epitope mapping and for the follow-up of the epitope specificity in HA patients with anti-FVIII Abs
Basson, Jérôme. "Étude de la réponse immunitaire humorale aux infections à cytomégalovirus chez les receveurs de greffe rénale." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T063.
Full textBascove, Matthieu. "Etude du système immunitaire d'un amphibien et analyse des effets de l'environnement sur sa réponse humorale." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10129/document.
Full textDurant ma thèse, j'ai participé à la caractérisation des isotypes de chaînes lourdes d'anticorps chez le pleurodèle (Pleurodeles waltl, amphibien urodèle) et à la mise en évidence d'un nouvel isotype d'anticorps : les IgP. J'ai également montré que chaque chaîne lourde a son équivalent humain. Les IgM du pleurodèle sont l'équivalent des IgM humaines. Les IgY sont exprimées principalement au niveau des muqueuses tout comme les IgA humaines. Enfin, les IgP sont observées majoritairement chez les larves et ont une diversité plus faible que les IgM. Ces deux caractéristiques sont partagées avec les anticorps produits par les cellules B1. Ces travaux m'ont ensuite permis d'aborder l'impact d'un séjour de longue durée dans l'espace sur la réponse immunitaire humorale, c'est-à-dire la réponse médiée par les anticorps qui, jusqu'à présent, a été très peu étudiée. L'équipe Développement et Immunogénétique, JE 2537, a immunisé des pleurodèles lors d'un séjour de 5 mois à bord de la station spatiale Mir et a montré que les chaînes lourdes d'IgM produites en réponse à la stimulation antigénique sont fabriquées à partir de gènes des familles VHII et VHVI. Cependant ces familles sont utilisées dans des proportions différentes chez les animaux immunisés dans Mir. Mes travaux ont permis d'approfondir ces résultats par une étude des gènes VHII et VHVI utilisés dans ces chaînes lourdes. J'ai ainsi montré qu'un seul gène VHII et quatre gènes VHVI (A, B, C et D) sont utilisés par les animaux immunisés. Les gènes VHII, VHVI.C et VHVI.D sont plus exprimés chez les animaux immunisés dans Mir alors que l'expression des gènes VHVI.A et VHVI.B est fortement diminuée chez ces mêmes animaux. Ces résultats démontrent clairement que le séjour dans Mir a affecté la réponse immunitaire humorale de ces animaux. Ces observations pourraient résulter d'un changement de la distribution et de sélection des lymphocytes B dans l'espace. Par ailleurs, j'ai décrit pour la première fois les effets d'un séjour dans l'espace sur les hypermutations somatiques. Avant d'étudier ce phénomène, j'ai isolé et caractérisé chez le pleurodèle l'ARNm codant l'effecteur indispensable pour ces mutations : la protéine AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase). J'ai ainsi montré que cette protéine est bien présente et conservée dans cette espèce. J'ai ensuite mis en évidence et caractérisé pour la première fois le phénomène des hypermutations somatiques chez le pleurodèle. Pour cela, j'ai étudié les profils des mutations observées, cartographié ces dernières et calculé leur fréquence. Ces différents critères ont été comparés entre les animaux immunisés sur Terre et les animaux immunisés à bord de la station Mir. Ainsi, j'ai pu montrer que la fréquence des hypermutations somatiques est diminuée chez les pleurodèles immunisés dans Mir. Cette diminution n'est pas due à un changement de la transcription d'AID mais pourrait être due à une diminution de la survie des lymphocytes B dans l'espace
Mathieux, Elodie. "Propriétés immunosuppressives des cellules souches et étude de la réponse humorale en xénotransplantation intracérébrale." Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=30dcfe9d-43d0-4d68-9e74-616bfc29bec3.
Full textThe intracerebral xenotransplantation of neural cells is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders such as the Parkinson's disease. However, this approach is strongly limited by a strong immune response that leads to the rejection of neural xenograft. The first part of my thesis aims at deciphering the immunosuppressive properties of multipotent stem cells and their potential utility for intracerebral transplantation. We show that the co-transplantation of rat mesenchymal stem cells with porcine neuroblasts into the rat striatum inhibits the levels of inflammatory factors, and prolongs the survival of xenotransplants up to 120 days. Neural stem/progenitor cells also have the ability to inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation, but their effects are mainly mediated by the heme oxygenase 1. Interestingly, we recently found that neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are also able to inhibit the proliferation of human mononuclear cells. The second part of my thesis aims at determining whether the host humoral response is implicated in the rejection of porcine neurons following their implantation into the rat striatum. High levels of elicited IgG directed against porcine neurons are present in the rejecting graft. These IgG are also found in the sera of host animals but predominantly, after graft rejection. The long-survival of porcine neurons in the brain of immunoglobulin-deficient rats indicates that the humoral and not only the cellular immune response should be controlled in case of intracerebral transplantation
Becquart, Pierre. "Transmission du VIH-I par le lait maternel : compartimentalisation de la reponse humorale et de la population virale." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-466.pdf.
Full textPar la meme approche, nous avons compare les activites specifiques et fonctionnelles des igg et des s-iga, ainsi que les concentrations des s-iga, s-igm, igg, lactoferrine et du slpi dans le lait preleve a la naissance, 1 mois et 6 mois, de meres qui ont transmis ou non le virus par le lait maternel. Nos resultats montrent que la reponse humorale contre le vih dans le lait maternel est de meme intensite dans les groupes de meres et indiqueraient que la reponse humorale anti-vih-1 dans la glande mammaire n'est pas un facteur unique de l'inhibition de la transmission du vih-1 par le lait maternel. Enfin, l'etude genetique des variants effectuee dans la region v3 de l'enveloppe virale du vih libre (arn) et du vih associe aux cellules (adn) provenant de colostrum de meres infectees font apparaitre que la population virale dans le sang est differente de la population virale dans le lait maternel. En conclusion, la transmission du vih de la mere a l'enfant par le lait maternel est probablement un phenomene complexe et multifactoriel ou interviennent la reponse immune, la charge virale et d'autres facteurs encore non caracterises
Doucet, Monique. "Activité de très faibles doses d'hormones thymiques sur la réponse immunitaire humorale de la souris : incidence sur le rythme circannuel." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON13512.
Full textOuedraogo, Jean-Bosco. "Interactions entre paludisme et infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : aspects de la réponse immune cellulaire et humorale." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20145.
Full textIsmail, Ahmad. "Transfert intergénérationnel de l'immunité chez le pigeon biset (Columba livia)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066371/document.
Full textIntergenerational transfer of immunity is a phenomenon which started to be studied 10 years ago. In vertebrates, it takes the form of a transfer of antibodies from mothers to juveniles. However, the ecological and evolutionary processes of transfer across several generations and the persistence of maternals antibodies in chicks remain poorly understood. This thesis focuses on the study of the mechanisms of maternal antibodies transfer over several generations and on how they impact the immune response and growth in juveniles. By using experimental approaches, I first show that the transfer of maternal antibody was affected by food availability in the environment. In addition, our results suggest that the persistence of maternal antibodies depends on the initial level of maternal antibodies present in the nestlings in the first days of life. Secondly, we studied the immune response and growth of juvenile by investigating how maternal antibodies may affect the resolution of the trade-off between these two physiological parameters. Finally, our results suggest that maternal antibodies would be a messenger of an epigenetic effect on immunty. Indeed, induced immune response in grand-mothers towards a pathogen has been found to stimulate the immune response of grand-children. My thesis emphasizes the importance of maternal transfer of immunity in the ecology and evolution of host-parasite
Wen, Lanling. "Transplantation xénogénique du foie : roles de la vasomotricité et de la réponse humorale aux protéines d'origine hépatique dans le déroulement du rejet." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD01.
Full textTranchat, Corinne. "Réponse humorale dirigée contre le VIH-1 : au cours de l'évolution de la maladie, dans la transmission materno-foetale." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T119.
Full textDubois, Bertrand. "Mise en évidence in vitro d'un dialogue entre cellules dendritiques et lymphocytes B : rôle dans la régulation de la réponse immunitaire humorale chez l'homme." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10082.
Full textDechavanne, Célia. "Construction de la réponse anticorps spécifique du paludisme chez le jeune enfant : étude combinée de l’hôte, du parasite et de leur environnement." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P608/document.
Full textFour epidemiological studies showed that infants born from mothers with Plasmodium falciparum placental malaria at delivery present a higher susceptibility to plasmodial infections than others. In connection with this observation, we hypothesized that i) the infants’ P. falciparum specific antibody responses are different according to presence or absence of placental malaria at delivery in their mothers and ii) susceptibility could only be induced by antigens that bring the same polymorphisms as those found in infected mothers. Another project consisted to develop a new methodology to distinguish maternal and neonatal antibodies in order to measure accurately neo-synthesized antibodies in the first months of life. A birth cohort of 620 newborns was established in an area endemic for malaria. Infants were followed-up until 18 months of age and their antibody responses specific for 7 P. falciparum antigens were quarterly measured. The emergence of the immune maturation process was observed in 18-months-infants. The acquisition of specific antibody responses was not impacted by placental malaria. The new methodological approach leading to distinguish maternal and neonatal antibodies was validated. The genetic characterization of the parasite antigen polymorphisms in mothers at delivery and their infants during the follow-up, in link to environmental data, led partially to the validation of the immune tolerance hypothesis
Freyburger, Ludovic. "Etude de la réponse immunitaire cellulaire systémique et humorale muqueuse suite à la vaccination par la sous-unité B de la toxine de Shigella Dysenteriae comme vecteur d'antigène." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T028.
Full textThe Shiga toxin subunit B (STxB) is a vaccinal vector targeting dendritic cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responses as well as antibody production were observed after vaccination of mice with chimeric proteins composed of STxB coupled with different antigens. STxB doesn't favour maturation of dendritic cells, thus we assessed the STxB efficiency as vector in combination with different adjuvants. STxB coupled with different antigens and mixed with aGalCer, a glycolipide activating NKT cells, resulted in an increase CD8+ T cells frequency and it also allowed the dramaticaly reduction of antigen doses. This vaccine also permitted to break tolerance to self-antigens and to protect against the development of viral infection. In addition, we have showed that the route of immunization had an influence on the type of immune response (mucosal humoral response jind cellular^ systemic response) observed after the use of STxB
Dupré, Thierry. "Immunité humorale cervicovaginale des femmes au stade asymptomatique des infections par le VIH de type 1 ou par le VIH de type 2." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P128.
Full textLeriche-Guérin, Karine. "Résistance à l'AZT dans l'infection par le VIH-1 : influence sur les critères biologiques, virologiques et immunologiques." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T042.
Full textChamat, Soulaima. "Etude structurale, génétique et idiotypique de la réponse anti-ligands beta-adrénergiques chez la souris." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077017.
Full textThis, Sébastien. "Régulation des réponses immunitaires adaptives par l'intégrine αvβ8 - Implications pour l'immunité des muqueuses et la réponse humorale." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN011.
Full textThe ability of a host to generate an appropriate immune response is critical to provide protection against a particular pathogen and to provide long-lasting memory against future reinfection. However, this immune response must be tightly regulated to prevent its persistence or inadequate activation which can lead to the development of immune pathologies. Mammalian immune system comprises a wide array of immune cells and molecules. In particular, the ability ofimmune cells to secrete and respond to cytokines is central to the orchestration of immune responses. My PhD project has focused on the role of a particular cytokine named Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ). Unlike most other cytokines, TGFβ is secreted in a latent form and must be activated to bind its receptor and induce response on target cell. Our team and others have shown that αvβ8 integrin plays a critical role in TGFβ activation and thus the regulation of TGFβ-dependent immune responses. More precisely, I investigated the role of αvβ8 integrin in the regulation of intestinal immunityand humoral B cell responses. In particular, my work focused on three immune processes: 1/ the induction of TREG and TH17 in Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissues and 2/ the regulation ofintestinal IgA humoral responses and 3/ the regulation of T-dependent B cell responses during the germinal center reaction
Meissonnier, Guylaine. "Effets toxiques de l'aflatoxine b1 et de la toxine t-2 sur les systèmes de défenses métaboliques et immunitaires chez le porc, évaluation des effets protecteurs de glucomannanes." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30153.
Full textAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin are mycotoxins, secondary metabolites from fungi that sporadically contaminate food and feed, particularly cereals. The mains objectives of our work were to determine in pigs, a target species and highly sensitive to mycotoxin, the toxic effects of AFB1 and T-2 toxin on two defence systems, liver drug-metabolizing enzymes activities et the immune system. We also evaluate in vivo the protective effect of a potent mycotoxin binder. In pigs, AFB1 exposure for the doses investigated did not induce major clinical sign of intoxication. But, we observed lesions in liver tissue, a specific impairment of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes activities (monooxygenase cytochrome P450 dependant) and during immunization we showed a reduced cellular-mediated immune response specific for the vaccine antigen. T-2 toxin exposure did not induce any clinical sign of intoxication, or any tissue lesion in pigs. We observed a specific impairment of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes activities in liver, and during immunization T-2 toxin reduced the production of antibodies specific for the antigen. The addition of glucomannans in feed reduced the toxic effects of both mycotoxins. .
Zakiuddin, Ilmasse. "Réponses immunitaires humorales et cellulaires dans l'acquisition de la protection contre P. Falciparum." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10113.
Full textMeliani, Amine. "Prevention and inhibition of adverse humoral immune response to gene therapy mediated by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS051.
Full textGene therapy aims to achieve sustained expression of the therapeutic transgene by the introduction of vector cargo into target tissue. To date, viral vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) represent the leading gene delivery tools in vivo. However, immune responses against AAV vector represent the biggest challenge for the widespread use of AAV-based products. In this PhD project, we aimed at the inhibition and prevention of humoral immune responses to AAV capsid. Using nanoparticles containing rapamycin (SVP[Rapa]) given at the time of vector administration, we demonstrated complete abrogation of anti-capsid humoral and cellular immune responses in antigen-specific manner. Using this strategy, we further demonstrated successful vector re-administration in murine models and in non-human primates. Our data also demonstrated elimination of pre-existing antibodies to AAV vector using a combination of SVP[Rapa] and bortezomib. In this PhD thesis project, we also developed and tested the ability of AAV vectors associated with extracellular vesicles (exo-AAV vectors) to enhance AAV vector potency. Using exo-AAV vectors, we demonstrated higher and sustained transgene expression at low vector doses. Exo-AAV vectors also exhibited resistance to neutralization by pre-existing anti-capsid neutralizing antibodies. Thus in this PhD project, powerful strategies have been developed to prevent and control immune responses against AAV vectors, enabling successful AAV vector re-administration
Piriou-Guzylack, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude des réponses immunitaires cellulaires du porc, par de nouveaux outils méthologiques, dans un modèle d'infection par le virus de la peste porcine classique." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10028.
Full textRamahefarisoa, Rondro M. "Facteurs influençant la réponse immunitaire humorale suite à la vaccination avec un vaccin vivant contre la maladie de Gumboro chez le poulet de chair." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5750.
Full textIn Quebec, Canada, broilers chickens are slaughtered from 33 to 40 days of age depending on the targeted market. Considering the withdrawal period of 21 days following vaccination, chickens would have to be vaccinated in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high dose of vaccine and high dietary concentration of vitamin E in circumventing the MDA. A normal dose vaccine containing 104.35 TCID50/ml/bird and a higher dose containing 105.35 TCID50/ml/bird were used on 1200 chickens, which were divided into 4 groups housed in 8 pens: a high dose of vaccine in which all chickens were given 105.35 TCID50/ml (HD100%), a high dose in which 10% of the birds were vaccinated (HD10%), a normal dose as prescribed by the manufacturer in which all birds received 104.35 TCID50/ml (ND100%), and unvaccinated control groups. Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups; one was supplemented with 50 to 100 IU/kg of vitamin E and the other was supplemented with 20 to 27 IU/kg. The result of this study showed that the vaccine virus was able to circumvent the MDA, which persisted until 20 days of age, and to initiate a high antibody response. The study also showed that the vaccine virus was able to spread by direct and indirect contact within the pen and to the next pens. No reversion to the virulence or mutation of VP2 nucleotide was detected from the contact vaccinated birds. Vitamin E at the concentration of 50 to 100 IU/kg of the diet induced significantly elevated antibody response against IBDV.
Corbeil, Serge. "Réponse immunitaire humorale induite par le virus de la nécrose pancréatique infectieuse (VNPI) chez la truite mouchetée (Salvelinus fontinalis L.), et caractérisation de l'immunoglobuline produite." Thèse, 1991. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1488/1/1468849.pdf.
Full textJalbert, Émilie. "Étude des réponses immunitaires humorales et cellulaires dirigées contre la protéine F du virus de l'hépatite C." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15149.
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