Relevant bibliographies by topics / Reported language use

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Reported language use'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Reported language use"

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Villa, Daniel, and Jennifer Villa. "Identity Labels and Self-Reported Language Use: Implications for Spanish Language Programs." Foreign Language Annals 31, no. 4 (December 1998): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1998.tb00596.x.

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Gawne, Lauren. "The reported speech evidential particle in Lamjung Yolmo." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 38, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 292–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.38.2.09gaw.

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Grammatically encoded evidentials that marks ‘reported speech’, ‘hearsay’ or ‘quotation’ are attested in languages from a variety of families, but often receive cursory description. In this paper I give a detailed account of the reported speech particle ló in Lamjung Yolmo, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal. This particle is used when the speaker is reporting previously communicated information. This information may be translated from another language, may be a non-verbal interaction turn or may have been an incomplete utterance. Speakers choose to use the reported speech particle in interaction, and the pragmatic effect is usually to add authority to the propositional content. Detailed description of the use of reported speech evidentials in interaction across different languages will provide a better understanding of the range of their function.
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Peñacoba, Cecilia, Daniel Garvi, Lourdes Gómez, and Ana Álvarez. "Emotional Functioning, Positive Relationships, and Language Use in Deaf Adults." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 25, no. 1 (December 8, 2019): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enz034.

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Abstract This study aimed to explore emotional regulation, alexithymia, and interpersonal relations in a Spanish sample of 146 adult deaf participants and 146 typical hearing participants. For the deaf sample, the associations between type of language used and the above variables were also analyzed. Results showed that deaf participants scored higher on alexithymia and lower for positive relationships. However, no differences were found between deaf and typical hearing participants on emotional regulation. Regarding language use (Spanish Oral Language, SOL; Spanish Sign Language; or both), deaf participants used both languages in most contexts. Deaf participants who reported using SOL as their main mode of expression showed greater positive relationships than deaf participants who use both languages. Deaf participants who reported using both languages scored higher in emotional attention and emotional repair. These results evidence an association between the language use of deaf participants and alexithymia.
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Gunnarsson, Tina, Alex Housen, Joost Van de Weier, and Marie Källkvist. "Multilingual Students´ Self-reported Use of their Language Repertoires when Writing in English." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 9, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/2015090101.

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Recent research suggests that multilingual students tend to use their complete language repertoires, particularly their L1, when writing in a non-native language (e.g. Cenoz & Gorter 2011; Wang 2003). While there is some international research on the L2 and L3 writing process among bilinguals, the L2/L3 writing process of bilingual and multilingual individuals in the Swedish context remains unexplored (Tholin 2012). This study, carried out in a Swedish secondary school, focuses on 131 bi- and multilingual students’ (age 15-16) self-reported languages of thought while writing an essay in English, which is a non-native language. Drawing on the translanguaging framework (Blackledge & Creese 2010; García 2009) and a model of the L2 writing process (Wang & Wen 2002), the questionnaire data of the present study reveal that the participants’ L1 is reported to be heavily activated during the L2 writing process, particularly at the prewriting, planning stage. Additionally, the emergent bilingual participants who grew up as monolinguals (L1 Swedish) report a greater tendency to transition to thinking in the target language (English, their L2) once they have reached the actual writing stage than some of the emergent trilingual participants who grew up as bilinguals (of Swedish and another L1, used primarily in the home). On the basis of these findings, we suggest a need to move away from the monolingual teaching practices common in Swedish schools, allowing space for students to translanguage as they are engaging with writing tasks in a non-native language.
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Lee, Juyeon, and Michael Heinz. "English Language Learning Strategies Reported By Advanced Language Learners." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v12i2.9629.

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The purpose of the present study is to investigate effective English language learning strategies (LLSs) employed by successful language learners. The participants in this study were 20 student interpreters enrolled in the graduate school of interpretation and translation in Korea. Data on LLSs were collected through unstructured essay writing, a method employed to encourage participants to freely reflect on their language learning experiences and report what strategies and study methods helped them develop a high level of English proficiency. Qualitative data analysis produced several findings related to the use of learning strategies. Specifically, metacognitive strategies, such as disciplined approach to language learning and monitoring of progress, and cognitive strategies, such as reading-aloud and text analysis, were frequently mentioned as effective strategies. In addition, a number of participants emphasized the importance of conscious attention to language input during language learning activities. Testimonies of advanced English language learners in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context suggest that learner autonomy manifested in self-regulated learning activities may be crucial for successful foreign language learning. These and other findings are discussed with respect to their pedagogical implications for strategy-based instruction in English education.
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Edwards, Janine C., Mark Sadoski, and Thomas K. Burdenski. "Physicians' Reported Use of Mental Images and Language in Clinical Reasoning." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 24, no. 1 (September 2004): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hvp5-qqxd-6pjc-lfdx.

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Parvanehnezhad, Zahra, and Philip Clarkson. "Iranian bilingual students reported use of language switching when doing mathematics." Mathematics Education Research Journal 20, no. 1 (April 2008): 52–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03217469.

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Altman, Carmit, Zhanna Burstein Feldman, Dafna Yitzhaki, Sharon Armon Lotem, and Joel Walters. "Family language policies, reported language use and proficiency in Russian – Hebrew bilingual children in Israel." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 35, no. 3 (November 13, 2013): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2013.852561.

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Dewey, Dan P., R. Kirk Belnap, and Rebecca Hillstrom. "Social Network Development, Language Use, and Language Acquisition during Study Abroad: Arabic Language Learners’ Perspectives." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 22, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 84–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v22i1.320.

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In this paper, we explore language use, social network development, and language acquisition by second learners of Arabic in Jordan and Morocco. Students in these programs reported speaking, listening to, and writing as much English as Arabic during study abroad, but they reported reading more Arabic than English. While patterns indicated similar levels of use of English and Arabic in general, questions focusing on learners' use of language with more familiar friends and acquaintances indicated learners thought they used Arabic more than English with these native friends. Regarding English language use, learners felt that speaking English with natives often created opportunities to interact in Arabic as well. Students’ Arab social networks tended to be small, but there was considerable variation in these networks. The closer their friendships with natives, the more likely students were to report gains in Arabic. English proficiency of friends and acquaintances in one’s social network, degree of friendship, and time spent speaking with people outside of this network predicted language proficiency development.
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Cheung, Andrew K. F. "The use of reported speech by court interpreters in Hong Kong." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 14, no. 1 (April 6, 2012): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.14.1.04che.

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This is a corpus-based study that investigates instances in which court interpreters in Hong Kong deviate from using direct speech and the first person, notwithstanding the requirement to use both of these when rendering statements made by witnesses or defendants. Quantitative data indicate that court interpreters do adhere to this requirement when interpreting Cantonese into English, but deviate from it when interpreting English into Cantonese. These data suggest that the use of reported speech and/or of the third person has identification functions that help Cantonese-speaking witnesses and defendants follow court proceedings and serve the pragmatic function of adding illocutionary force to interpreted utterances. Data from interviews with interpreters and legal professionals suggest that some latitude is exercised and tolerated when interpreters deviate from using direct speech and/or the first person when the target language is Cantonese. The findings indicate that court interpreters in the corpus observe strict professional guidelines by using direct speech most of the time, but occasional deviation from the direct approach suggests that court interpreters are able to make discretionary decisions to facilitate communication.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Reported language use"

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Cundick, Denisa Krizanova. "The Relationship Between Reported Out-of-Class English Use and Proficiency Gains in English." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2125.pdf.

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Escobar, Stacy Rae. "Language Attitudes and Reported Usage of the Standard and Vernacular Varieties of Guaraní in Paraguay." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89629.

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This study examines the languages attitudes surrounding the standard (Academic Guaraní) and vernacular (Jopará) varieties of Guaraní, as well as the reported language use for Spanish and the two varieties of Guaraní. The study addresses language attitudes as manifestations of pride, loyalty, and prestige and reported language usage characteristic of a dichotomy between high and low varieties (e.g. Loureiro-Rodríguez, 2008) in order to determine if similar language attitudes and linguistic norms are evident in this community. A survey was used to gather data from 10 students and 10 teachers who live and work in Altos de La Cordillera (a small town with rural and urban features). Contrary to the findings of previous research studies on the language attitudes associated with high and low varieties (e.g. Garrett, 2001), the participants of this study appear to show an all-round favorability for the standard variety of Guaraní (Academic Guaraní). Furthermore, the reported language use of Spanish, Jopará, and Academic Guaraní does not seem to provide evidence for a Spanish/Guaraní diglossia in this community nor does there appear to be a dichotomy between the high and low varieties of Guaraní such as what has historically existed between Spanish and Guaraní. The participants' language attitudes and patterns of reported language use are interpreted in relation to notions of solidarity, superiority, accommodation, and the relationship between adolescence and identity formation.
Master of Arts
This study examines the languages attitudes surrounding the variety of Guaraní taught in school (Academic Guaraní) and the primarily oral variety of Guaraní (Jopará) historically spoken at home or in private contexts. It also examines the reported language use for Spanish and the two varieties of Guaraní. The study addresses language attitudes as manifestations of pride, loyalty, and prestige and reported language usage characteristic of multilingual communities in order to determine if similar language attitudes and linguistic norms are evident in this community. A survey was used to gather data from 10 students and 10 teachers who live and work in Altos de La Cordillera (a small town with rural and urban characteristics). The participants of this study appear to show an all-round favorability for the standard variety of Guaraní (Academic Guaraní). Furthermore, the reported language use of Spanish, Jopará, and Academic Guaraní does not seem to be connected to the formality or informality of the given situation or context. The participants’ language attitudes and patterns of reported language use are interpreted in reference to inter and intra-group relations and the notion of superiority.
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Vanderveen, Natalie Esther. "The use of reported speech in the interactions of individuals with traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4780.

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Liu, Dongyue. "Language learning strategies among English majors in a Chinese technological institute : an investigation of self-reported strategy use and of six factors that may affect the results." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420025.

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Lau, Yung Simon. "A survey of language use, language needs, and language requirement of Hong Kong Cantonese-speaking reporters." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/77.

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Brown, Lindsey Kathleen. "Use of Child and Adolescent Self-Report Measures by School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1366985991.

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Ouayed, Abdul-Jabbar. "Manipulation of semantics and syntax : the use of emotive language in English and Arabic news reports and editorials with reference to translation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1630/.

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Since language is an important means of communication between human beings, it is held that writers or speakers can affect their readers or hearers by using certain linguistic means. The manipulation of semantics and syntax, namely the use of emotive language, is seen as an affective means resorted to by text producers to influence the people's acceptance of the truth. Emotional language aims ultimately at persuading the addressee to accept the facts as they are presented by writers. It is regarded as a necessary condition for persuasion to be successful. This is due to the persuasive force of emotive meaning exerted upon the receiver. In addition, the employment of emotive language may be attributed to ideological considerations. This will be demonstrated in Chapter II. Emotiveness, as a means of persuasion, can be expressed by using certain devices such as repetition, intertextuality, word-order, figures of speech, intensifiers ... etc. These strategies will be discussed in detail with reference to translation in Chapter III. Furthermore, I must say that some of my remarks have been based on the findings of outstanding grammarians and linguists, and therefore, I have been obliged to quote from such works to substantiate my points of view. Before proceeding with the investigation, I must point out that the entire data of my work will be confined only to news reports and editorials both in Arabic and English, and for this end a number of articles have been used from official newspapers in both languages.
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Johari, Shirazi Iman. "Combining Business Intelligence, Indicators, and the User Requirements Notation for Performance Monitoring." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23540.

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Organizations use Business Intelligence (BI) systems to monitor how well they are meeting their goals and objectives. Yet, very often BI systems do not include clear models of the organization’s goals or of how to measure whether they are satisfied or not. Several researchers now attempt to integrate goal models into BI systems, but there are still major challenges related to how to get access to the BI data to populate the part of the goal model (often indicators) used to assess goal satisfaction. This thesis explores a new approach to integrate BI systems with goal models. In particular, it explores the integration of IBM Cognos Business Intelligence, a leading BI tool, with an Eclipse-based goal modeling tool named jUCMNav. jUCMNav is an open source graphical editor for the User Requirements Notation (URN), which includes the Use Case Map notation for scenarios and processes and the Goal-oriented Requirement Language for business objectives. URN was recently extended with the concept of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) to enable performance assessment and monitoring of business processes. In jUCMNav, KPIs are currently calculated or modified manually. The new integration proposed in this thesis maps these KPIs to report elements that are generated automatically by Cognos based on the model defined in jUCMNav at runtime, with minimum effort. We are using IBM Cognos Mashup Service, which includes web services that enable the retrieval of report elements at the most granular level. This transformation provides managers and analysts with useful goal-oriented and process-oriented monitoring views fed by just-in-time BI information. This new solution also automates retrieving data from Cognos servers, which helps reducing the high costs usually caused by the amount of manual work required otherwise. The novel approach presented in this thesis avoids manual report generation and minimizes any contract with respect to the location of manually created reports, hence leading to better usability and performance. The approach and its tool support are illustrated with an ongoing example, validated with a case study, and verified through testing.
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Biron, Charlotte. "D'Arthur Buies à Gabrielle Roy, une histoire littéraire du reportage au Québec (1870-1945)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66332.

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"Thèse en cotutelle, doctorat en études littéraires, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Philosophiæ doctor (Ph. D. )et Université Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France"
À la fin du XIXe siècle, la naissance du journal d’information et du reportage au Canada français contribue à l’émergence d’une littérature de terrain. Au confluent d’échanges, de circulations et d’influences, l’écrivain journaliste canadien-français circule sur le territoire peu peuplé et vaste d’une population francophone éparpillée, un contexte à des kilomètres de la scénographie aventurière qui a nourri le genre et ses fictions les plus connues ailleurs en Occident. Cette thèse s’intéresse à cette forme en dehors des genres canoniques, une littérature qui s’étend des « Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer » d’Arthur Buies jusqu’aux « Peuples du Canada » de Gabrielle Roy, en passant par l’enquête sur les Franco-Américains de Jules Fournier et par l’incursion chez les draveurs d’Eva Senécal. En amont, c’est la densité introspective des voyages d’Arthur Buies dans les années 1870 qui incarne l’ancêtre du grand reportage au Québec, tandis qu’en aval, c’est la lucidité et l’intimisme de l’écriture de Gabrielle Roy à travers le Canada qui constituent l’aboutissement de ce corpus encore largement méconnu. De fait, la thèse interroge précisément l’absence du reportage dans l’histoire de la littérature québécoise à travers l’idée d’un décalage entre la pratique littéraire du reportage au Québec et les définitions les plus répandues du grand reportage français ou du journalisme littéraire américain. En analysant les spécificités d’un corpus en contrepoint d’une toile mondiale complexe, l’étude jette ainsi un éclairage sur les raisons qui ont contribué à l’oubli du reportage, suggérant du même mouvement qu’une telle fragilité recouvre aussi sans doute la singularité même d’un corpus à l’intersection de la culture littéraire et du désordre du monde.
At the end of the 19th century, the birth of the commercial newspaper contributed to the emergence of a new genre, the reportage, and the development of literary journalism in the Western World. Yet, newspapers in French Canada evolved in a particular context, very different from the more adventurous settings that contributed to reportage’s impressive reputation in North American and French culture. In Quebec, journalists traveled and worked on a vast territory sparsely populated by the French-speaking population. This thesis shed lights on this context and presents the history of literary journalism in the province, from Arthur Buies’s “Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer” to Gabrielle Roy’s “People of Canada”, including lesser-known works such as Jules Fournier’s pieces on the Franco-Americans and Eva Senécal’s incursion into the lives of log drivers. From the 1870s to the 1940s, the study of reportage reveals a great number of articles, most of them unknown, published in different newspapers. The absence of reportage from the history of literature is at the heart of this thesis. By examining literary journalism in French Canada alongside the most widely used definitions of the “grand reportage” and American literary journalism, this study highlights some of the reasons that account for this absence, suggesting at the same time that the fragility of the corpus also encompasses the uniqueness of this body of work located at the intersection of literary culture and field journalism.
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Al-Mohaya, Essam. "L'explicitation en traduction. Une étude de cas : la traduction du Monde Diplomatique en arabe durant la période 2001-2011." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030053/document.

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Cette thèse se propose d’explorer le phénomène de l’explicitation en traduction et d’observer la mise en œuvre de la stratégie d’explicitation dans un grand corpus composé de traductions en arabe du Monde Diplomatique (MD) durant la période 2001-2011. Elle s’articule autour de cinq questions centrales : Qu’est-ce que l’explicitation ? Qu’est-ce qu’on explicite ? Pourquoi ? Pour qui ? Comment ? Pour mener à bien cette investigation, nous avons élaboré un appareillage conceptuel dont la Théorie Interprétative de la Traduction (TIT) constitue le socle et auquel les autres approches traductives ont apporté des outils conceptuels et méthodologiques complémentaires. A la lumière des travaux antérieurs, nous avons d’abord tenté de redéfinir le concept de l’explicitation afin de déterminer les caractéristiques de cette stratégie ainsi que ses fondements théoriques. Ensuite, nous nous sommes penché sur l'analyse du corpus du MD composé d’environ 5000 exemples d’explicitation en contexte. Grâce à l'analyse discursive des décisions d’explicitation prises par les traducteurs du MD, nous avons pu dégager cinq problématiques principales qui suscitaient leur intervention et six techniques par le biais desquelles ils mettaient en œuvre les explicitations dans les textes arabes. Enfin, nous proposons cinq maximes susceptibles d’optimiser l’application de cette stratégie de sorte à permettre aux lecteurs cibles d’accéder aisément au sens des textes sources. L’explicitation devient pour nous un travail de marqueterie qui consiste à insérer dans le fil du texte des suppléments informationnels pertinents, mais surtout limités au strict nécessaire. Tout est question de « bon sens »
The present thesis explores the concept of explicitation in translation and the implementation of this strategy on a large corpus of Arabic translations of “Le Monde Diplomatique” (MD) from 2001 to 2011. The argument revolves around five central questions: What is explicitation? What is explicitated? Why? For whom? and How? To carry out this investigation, a conceptual framework was developed of which The Interpretive Theory of Translation (TIT) forms the basis, with other translational approaches contributing additional conceptual and methodological tools. In the light of previous research, we have first attempted to redefine the concept of explicitation in order to determine the distinctive features of this strategy as well as its theoretical foundations. Then, we have focused on the analysis of about 5000 examples of explicitation from MD in their context. Through the discursive analysis of the reasons why the translators of MD decided to apply explicitation, we have identified five main issues that justify the strategy and six techniques by which the translators apply it to Arabic texts. Finally, five translational maxims are proposed that optimize the application of explicitation so as to enable readers in the target language easy access to the meaning of the source text. Our conclusion is that when the explicitation strategy is applied in this way, the result is similar to marquetry with supplementary, but above all strictly relevant information inlaid into the text. It is all about ‘common sense’
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Books on the topic "Reported language use"

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Kathleen, McMillan, ed. Just write: An easy-to-use guide to writing at university. London: Routledge, 2007.

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Writing power: Language use social and personal writing, academic writing, vocabulary building. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education, 2012.

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W, Wood Merle, ed. Grammar and writing for job and personal use. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western Pub. Co., 1992.

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Roskelly, Hephzibah. Everyday use: Rhetoric at work in reading and writing. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009.

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Roskelly, Hephzibah. Everyday use: Rhetoric at work in reading and writing. 2nd ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009.

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Roskelly, Hephzibah. Everyday use: Rhetoric at work in reading and writing. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

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Inc, ebrary, ed. iReport 3.7: Learn how to use iReport to create, design, format, and export reports. Birmingham, U.K: Packt Pub., 2010.

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Really writing: Ready-to-use writing process activities for the elementary grades. 2nd ed. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass, 2006.

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Sunflower, Cherlyn. Really writing!: Ready-to-use writing process activities for the elementary grades. West Nyack, N.Y: Center for Applied Research in Education, 1994.

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Ready-to-use writing workshop activities kits. West Nyack, N.Y: Center for Applied Research in Education, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Reported language use"

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Ng, Patrick Chin Leong. "Quantitative Analysis: Reported Language Use and Attitudes." In SpringerBriefs in Linguistics, 31–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3443-5_5.

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Tragant, Elsa, and Mia Victori. "Chapter 9 .Reported Strategy Use and Age." In Age and the Rate of Foreign Language Learning, edited by Carmen Muñoz, 208–36. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781853598937-011.

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Edmonds, Amanda, and Catherine Guesle-Coquelet. "3. Reported Use and Perception of tu and vous Among Less Integrated and Highly Integrated Anglophone Cultural Migrants in France." In Cultural Migrants and Optimal Language Acquisition, edited by Fanny Forsberg Lundell and Inge Bartning, 83–114. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783094042-005.

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Callahan, Laura. "Workers Report on Their Language Use." In Spanish and English in U.S. Service Encounters, 11–29. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230619104_2.

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Jensen, Kathleen, and Niklaus Wirth. "Summary of the Language." In Pascal User Manual and Report, 143–46. New York, NY: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0261-2_15.

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Mckenna, Stephen P., Jeanette Wilburn, Hanne Thorsen, and John Brodersen. "Adapting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Use in New Languages and Cultures." In Rasch Models in Health, 303–16. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118574454.ch16.

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Ortiz, Brenda I. Lopez, and Mara J. Luna. "Mobile-Assisted Language Learning From Language Instructors' Perspectives." In Advancing Mobile Learning in Contemporary Educational Spaces, 60–87. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9351-5.ch003.

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This chapter explores instructor use of MALL in EFL/ESL classrooms. It begins with a discussion of instructor ownership as well as personal use of mobile technology. The chapter includes a discussion of overall perceptions and/or reported educational use and benefits and barriers (not tied to specific language skills.) The chapter goes on to describe how instructors use mobile devices while teaching reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. This is followed by a brief discussion of mobile devices in situations that integrate all four skills. For each language skill, the authors also discuss perceived and/or reported benefits and barriers. Thereafter follows a discussion of trends in the focus of research questions, research methodologies, geographic location of studies, and a brief comparison in trends between earlier and later studies. The review ends with a conclusion that provides directions for future research and reminds the reader of the utility of this literature review.
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Hasani, Masoumeh. "Mothers' Attitudes Toward the Use of CALL for Their Children's English Learning." In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 1764–87. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch085.

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In this chapter the attitude of mothers to the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) in their children's language learning was investigated. 118 Iranian mothers were selected based on convenient sampling. Their attitude towards CALL was assessed by a 12-item questionnaire. The result of data analysis revealed that generally mothers have roughly positive attitudes towards CALL. Significant differences were reported when mothers with higher education were compared with those mothers who did not have university degrees. However, gender, age, and mother's profession did not have any role in their attitudes towards CALL.
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Peterson, Mark, Qiao Wang, and Maryam Sadat Mirzaei. "The Use of Network-Based Virtual Worlds in Second Language Education." In Assessing the Effectiveness of Virtual Technologies in Foreign and Second Language Instruction, 1–25. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7286-2.ch001.

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This chapter reviews 28 learner-based studies on the use of network-based social virtual worlds in second language learning published during the period 2007-2017. The purpose of this review is to establish how these environments have been implemented and to identify the target languages, methods used, research areas, and important findings. Analysis demonstrates that research is characterized by a preponderance of small-scale studies conducted in higher education settings. The target languages most frequently investigated were English, Spanish, and Chinese. In terms of the methodologies adopted, analysis reveals the majority of studies were qualitative in nature. It was found that the investigation of learner target language production, interaction, and affective factors represent the primary focus of research. Although positive findings relating to the above areas have been reported, the analysis draws attention to gaps in the current research base. The researchers provide suggestions for future research.
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Yeh, Ellen, and Guofang Wan. "The Use of Virtual Worlds in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning." In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 1949–72. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch093.

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This book chapter presents, a review of the literature from 2004-2014 regarding the various models of virtual worlds used in foreign language teaching and learning, the impact of virtual world learning environments and the implications of language teaching. The study being reported aims to address the following questions: (1) What are the models of virtual worlds used in language learning instruction in K-12 and higher education; (2) How do VWLEs impact language learning in terms of motivation, communicative competency, intercultural competency, collaborative competency, constructivist learning, and sociocultural competency; and (3) What are the implications of using VWLEs in foreign language teaching and learning? Results indicate that social context and task-based learning enhanced language learners' participation and motivations. Findings also indicate that consistent use of interactional strategies encouraged learners to engage in the tasks and stay motivated. The study suggested that a VWLE offers a motivating, engaging, and multi-dynamic environment for language learners.
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Conference papers on the topic "Reported language use"

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Farr, Fiona, and Liam Murray. "Digital Literacies for Language Learning and Teaching: developing a national framework." In HEAd'16 - International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head16.2016.2802.

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In an Irish national setting, the urgent need to address the national language skills' shortage has been highlighted in numerous arenas, and in the context of the need for a continued economic recovery, language skills and proficiency are essential. Against this backdrop, the national project* reported in this paper aims to develop a digital literacies framework and accompanying on-line interactive resource for language learners and teachers in Irish higher education (HE). Within the scope of this project the target user groups include first year students, study abroad students, and language lecturers. The main research questions for the project are: - what are the main practical issues that students have when making the transition from secondary to third level language study? - to what extent are digital literacies part of the curriculum at third level and what gaps do students and lecturers identify in this provision? - what are the strengths and weaknesses of the emerging digital literacies framework for language learning (as identified through piloting and evaluation) and how do these inform the final design and implementation of the ‘digilanguages’ platform? Preliminary primary pilot research conducted in 2015 as part of the project identified a number of key areas where online flexible support is best focussed. Based on these findings and international research in the field, the aim of the project is to develop online resources and activities in three broad areas: Digital Literacies for Language Development Language Learning Strategies and PracticesTransitions to Third Level Language Learning Environments The portal will be freely available, offering a range of OERs and will be scalable for use in other contexts. The contents and activities will afford integration into many programmes currently on offer in Irish HE.
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Xavier, Clarissa Castellã. "Polarity Classification of Traffic Related Tweets." In XV Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2018.4417.

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In this paper we present a study about polarity classification of tweets in the traffic domain. Specifically, we use the data in Portuguese language from an account maintained by a traffic management agency. We evaluate the performance of three learning methods: SVM (Support Vector Machine), Naive Bayes and Maximum Entropy. We also explore how the use of balanced vs. unbalanced corpus affects the models behavior. The results show that, in this context, a ML classifier obtains better results than the reported in the literature. In our experiments, SVM trained with a balanced corpus outperforms all tested models, achieving 99% of Accuracy, Average Recall and Average Precision.
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Grujić, Tatjana. "L2 TENSE TRANSFER IN EFL LEARNING." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.441g.

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In second language acquisition (SLA) transfer is predominantly explored as either positive or negative influence of learners’ first language (L1) on their second/foreign language (L2) performance. Studies in this field serve not only to describe the learner’s interlanguage, but also to inform, improve and refine foreign language teaching. However, the scope of SLA studies is such that it leaves the other transfer direction under-researched (L2 to L1), assuming that once the learner’s L1 system has fully developed, their L1 competence will not be subject to change. More recent studies of adult bilinguals have shown a bidirectional interaction between the two linguistic systems: not only does L1 influence L2, but L2 influences L1 as well. In this study, conducted among adult students of English (B2 to C1 level language users, according to CEFR), we examine the influence of English as a foreign language upon Serbian as a native tongue in terms of tense transfer. More precisely, the study explores how the subjects interpret and translate the secondary meanings of the English past tense. The basic meaning of the past tense is to locate an event (or state) in the past. However, in its secondary meanings (backshift past in reported clauses, counterfactual present in adverbial clauses of condition and ‘past subjunctive’ when expressing wishes and regrets) it does not refer to the past time. The error analysis of students’ English to Serbian translations provides evidence of L2 influence: learners tend to use the Serbian past rather than the present tense in their translations. Pedagogical implications of this study of misuse of L1 tense include focusing on explicit corrective feedback and polishing instructional materials.
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Keet, C. Maria, and Oliver Kutz. "Orchestrating a Network of Mereotopological Theories: An Abridged Report." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/739.

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Parthood is used widely in ontologies across subject domains, specified in a multitude of mereological theories, and even more when combined with topology. To complicate the landscape, decidable languages put restrictions on the language features, so that only fragments of the mereo(topo)logical theories can be represented, even though those full features may be needed to check correctness during modelling. We address these issues by specifying a structured network of theories formulated in multiple logics that are glued together by the various linking constructs of the Distributed Ontology Language, DOL. For the KGEMT mereotopology and its five sub-theories, together with the DL-based OWL species and first- and second-order logic, this network in DOL orchestrates 28 ontologies.
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Frosch-Wilke, Dirk. "Using UML in Software Requirements Analysis - Experiences from Practical Student Project Work." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2610.

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Currently the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is an industry standard for object-oriented analysis and design of software systems. Accordingly, teaching UML is part of curricula in many universities engaged in the field of software engineering. Yet not much has been reported in the literature on how efficiently such courses enable students to use UML in software development projects. In this paper we present the initial results of our ongoing study into the capabilities of students to use the UML in system design projects after having undergone “traditional” and alternative teaching methods in UML classes. In this paper we investigate students’ motivation to follow a use-case driven approach in requirement analysis. We furthermore explore specific problems students are confronted with when using the UML. These findings were gathered during continuous evaluation of a project, in which students were exposed to the real world of systems design, by making the requirement analysis for a customer relationship system. With our study we attempt to optimize our methods of teaching UML in university courses and o f-fer recommendations to this end on the basis of our findings.
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Endo, Ko, Masaki Aono, Eric Nichols, and Kotaro Funakoshi. "An Attention-based Regression Model for Grounding Textual Phrases in Images." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/558.

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Grounding, or localizing, a textual phrase in an image is a challenging problem that is integral to visual language understanding. Previous approaches to this task typically make use of candidate region proposals, where end performance depends on that of the region proposal method and additional computational costs are incurred. In this paper, we treat grounding as a regression problem and propose a method to directly identify the region referred to by a textual phrase, eliminating the need for external candidate region prediction. Our approach uses deep neural networks to combine image and text representations and refines the target region with attention models over both image subregions and words in the textual phrase. Despite the challenging nature of this task and sparsity of available data, in evaluation on the ReferIt dataset, our proposed method achieves a new state-of-the-art in performance of 37.26% accuracy, surpassing the previously reported best by over 5 percentage points. We find that combining image and text attention models and an image attention area-sensitive loss function contribute to substantial improvements.
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Malmasi, Shervin, Keelan Evanini, Aoife Cahill, Joel Tetreault, Robert Pugh, Christopher Hamill, Diane Napolitano, and Yao Qian. "A Report on the 2017 Native Language Identification Shared Task." In Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-5007.

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To, Cho W. S., and Lingchuan Li. "Exact Reduction by Group Theoretic Approach in Computational Nonlinear Structural Dynamics." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/cie-4447.

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Abstract The reduction method based on symmetry group or the so-called group theoretic approach (GTA) of Healey and associates for bifurcation analysis and free vibration analysis of geometrically nonlinear systems with symmetries is applied in the investigation reported here to the computations of responses of geometrically nonlinear systems under intensive transient excitations. A digital computer program written in Fortran language has also been developed for the work. Two space trusses discretized by the finite element method are chosen to illustrate the use of the GTA for cases undergoing large deflections. In the response computations for both the full space and reduced space or subspace problems the central difference method is employed. Numerical results are obtained. Comparisons of results for full space problems to subspace problems are made. It is concluded that the GTA is mathematically very elegant and rigorous. Computationally, the solution is exact and it is very efficient for geometrically nonlinear systems undergoing large deformation. The GTA is currently being developed for the response analysis of geometrically nonlinear systems with partial symmetries.
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Knox, Michael A. "Multivariable Monte Carlo Analysis Methods in Traffic Accident Reconstruction Using Python." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62242.

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The analysis involved in reconstructing a traffic crash often deals with multiple, codependent, stochastic variables such as departure angle measurements, coefficient of friction measurements, vehicle stiffness coefficients, and acceleration rates. The resulting analysis should appropriately lead to a range of possible vehicle speeds rather than a single speed output value. All too often, this speed range is reported as a continuous uniform distribution in which lower- and upper-bound values are just as probable as any value in between. In reality, vehicle speed ranges are more complex than can properly be represented by a range of equally-probable values. By using repeated iterations drawing on pseudo-random number generation algorithms, Monte Carlo methods have long held the key to performing such statistical analyses. Monte Carlo methods allow for the output of values that are, in most cases, normally distributed and can be used to approximate the probability density function associated with the particular output variable. While Monte Carlo analysis in traffic accident reconstruction has been addressed in a number of other papers, the issue of dealing with codependent variables and the propagation of variable values across multiple calculations has been less apparent in the literature. Understanding not only the application of Monte Carlo methods to multi-variable problems but also the codependent nature of the output distributions and the appropriate selection of input values is essential to the successful application of Monte Carlo algorithms. This paper will address the appropriate methods for implementing multi-variable Monte Carlo solutions for traffic accident reconstruction problems and provide a practical platform for developing algorithms using the Python programming language. Appropriate selection of input values and the use of pseudo-random number generators will be addressed, along with methods for handling the propagation of values through the course of multiple, codependent calculations. While this paper focuses on the implementation of algorithms using Python, these methods can just as readily by implemented using MATLAB, C/C++, FORTRAN, or a variety of other capable programming languages.
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Bosetti, Paolo, and Francesco Biral. "Rapid Development of a CNC Software Within Manufacturing Automation Courses." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68420.

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A significant part of a Manufacturing Automation course is devoted to CNC machine tools, their architecture, and the part programming languages (APT, ISO G-code and so on). Nevertheless, it is not trivial to provide the students with a complete understanding of the relationships between the machine dynamics, the path planning strategy, and the control systems. For this reason, a short laboratory course has been developed aimed at the programming of a simplified CNC software with the following functionalities: to parse a part program written in a subset of the ISO G-code; to process the instruction blocks and to generate trapezoidal velocity profiles; to convert the velocity profiles reference trajectory; to interpolate the reference trajectory at the servo loop control frequency. In order to shorten the development time, the following choices have been made. The parser only implements a small subset of the ISO G-code, which is point-to-point positioning (G00), linear interpolation (G01) and full stop (M30). The velocity profiles are calculated as acceleration-limited trapezoidal profiles with zero-feed velocity boundary conditions. Finally, the system is developed in Ruby, which is an object-oriented scripting language, easy to learn and well suited for rapid prototyping of complex software systems. This is why the project has been named RNC (Ruby Numerical Control). At the course start, the overall system architecture is explained and is translated in the set of Ruby classes that have to be developed, and classes interfaces are mandatorily determined. During the laboratory activity, students work in teams, and each team is encouraged to work separately on the development of each Ruby class. At the end of the development phase, the students can interface the RNC they wrote with a machine tool simulator (developed separately) and use the whole software system to test the accuracy of the tool-tip trajectories as a function of the system parameters (servo loop gains, motors torque, masses and dynamic performance of the virtual machine tool). Moreover, thanks to the object-based architecture of RNC and to the common, pre-determined class interfaces, the students can then swap and mix different implementations of the above reported functionalities, as well as enhanced versions provided by the teacher. With respect to other similar Mathlab/Simulink based solutions, the presented laboratory activity brings a more detailed insight into a CNC software still limiting the code complexity thanks to the Ruby language and it is only based on open-source tools.
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Reports on the topic "Reported language use"

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Sayers, Dave, Rui Sousa-Silva, Sviatlana Höhn, Lule Ahmedi, Kais Allkivi-Metsoja, Dimitra Anastasiou, Štefan Beňuš, et al. The Dawn of the Human-Machine Era: A forecast of new and emerging language technologies. Open Science Centre, University of Jyväskylä, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/jyx/reports/20210518/1.

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New language technologies are coming, thanks to the huge and competing private investment fuelling rapid progress; we can either understand and foresee their effects, or be taken by surprise and spend our time trying to catch up. This report scketches out some transformative new technologies that are likely to fundamentally change our use of language. Some of these may feel unrealistically futuristic or far-fetched, but a central purpose of this report - and the wider LITHME network - is to illustrate that these are mostly just the logical development and maturation of technologies currently in prototype. But will everyone benefit from all these shiny new gadgets? Throughout this report we emphasise a range of groups who will be disadvantaged and issues of inequality. Important issues of security and privacy will accompany new language technologies. A further caution is to re-emphasise the current limitations of AI. Looking ahead, we see many intriguing opportunities and new capabilities, but a range of other uncertainties and inequalities. New devices will enable new ways to talk, to translate, to remember, and to learn. But advances in technology will reproduce existing inequalities among those who cannot afford these devices, among the world’s smaller languages, and especially for sign language. Debates over privacy and security will flare and crackle with every new immersive gadget. We will move together into this curious new world with a mix of excitement and apprehension - reacting, debating, sharing and disagreeing as we always do. Plug in, as the human-machine era dawns.
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Hecht, H., M. Hecht, S. Graff, W. Green, D. Lin, S. Koch, A. Tai, and D. Wendelboe. Review guidelines on software languages for use in nuclear power plant safety systems. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/257439.

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Buchanan, Ben, Andrew Lohn, Micah Musser, and Katerina Sedova. Truth, Lies, and Automation: How Language Models Could Change Disinformation. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2021ca003.

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Growing popular and industry interest in high-performing natural language generation models has led to concerns that such models could be used to generate automated disinformation at scale. This report examines the capabilities of GPT-3--a cutting-edge AI system that writes text--to analyze its potential misuse for disinformation. A model like GPT-3 may be able to help disinformation actors substantially reduce the work necessary to write disinformation while expanding its reach and potentially also its effectiveness.
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Saltus, Christina, Todd Swannack, and S. McKay. Geospatial Suitability Indices Toolbox (GSI Toolbox). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41881.

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Habitat suitability models are widely adopted in ecosystem management and restoration, where these index models are used to assess environmental impacts and benefits based on the quantity and quality of a given habitat. Many spatially distributed ecological processes require application of suitability models within a geographic information system (GIS). Here, we present a geospatial toolbox for assessing habitat suitability. The Geospatial Suitability Indices (GSI) toolbox was developed in ArcGIS Pro 2.7 using the Python® 3.7 programming language and is available for use on the local desktop in the Windows 10 environment. Two main tools comprise the GSI toolbox. First, the Suitability Index Calculator tool uses thematic or continuous geospatial raster layers to calculate parameter suitability indices based on user-specified habitat relationships. Second, the Overall Suitability Index Calculator combines multiple parameter suitability indices into one overarching index using one or more options, including: arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and minimum limiting factor. The resultant output is a raster layer representing habitat suitability values from 0.0 to 1.0, where zero is unsuitable habitat and one is ideal suitability. This report documents the model purpose and development as well as provides a user’s guide for the GSI toolbox.
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Hecht, M., D. Decker, S. Graff, W. Green, D. Lin, G. Dinsmore, and S. Koch. Review guidelines for software languages for use in nuclear power plant safety systems: Final report. Revision 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/569130.

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Lavadenz, Magaly, Sheila Cassidy, Elvira G. Armas, Rachel Salivar, Grecya V. Lopez, and Amanda A. Ross. Sobrato Early Academic Language (SEAL) Model: Final Report of Findings from a Four-Year Study. Center for Equity for English Learners, Loyola Marymount University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2020.

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The Sobrato Early Academic Language (SEAL) Model Research and Evaluation Final Report is comprised of three sets of studies that took place between 2015 and 2019 to examine the effectiveness of the SEAL Model in 67 schools within 12 districts across the state of California. Over a decade ago, the Sobrato Family Foundation responded to the enduring opportunity gaps and low academic outcomes for the state’s 1.2 million English Learners by investing in the design of the SEAL Model. The SEAL PreK–Grade 3 Model was created as a whole-school initiative to develop students’ language, literacy, and academic skills. The pilot study revealed promising findings, and the large-scale implementation of SEAL was launched in 2013. This report addresses a set of research questions and corresponding studies focused on: 1) the perceptions of school and district-level leaders regarding district and school site implementation of the SEAL Model, 2) teachers’ development and practices, and 3) student outcomes. The report is organized in five sections, within which are twelve research briefs that address the three areas of study. Technical appendices are included in each major section. A developmental evaluation process with mixed methods research design was used to answer the research questions. Key findings indicate that the implementation of the SEAL Model has taken root in many schools and districts where there is evidence of systemic efforts or instructional improvement for the English Learners they serve. In regards to teachers’ development and practices, there were statistically significant increases in the use of research-based practices for English Learners. Teachers indicated a greater sense of efficacy in addressing the needs of this population and believe the model has had a positive impact on their knowledge and skills to support the language and literacy development of PreK- Grade 3 English Learners. Student outcome data reveal that despite SEAL schools averaging higher rates of poverty compared to the statewide rate, SEAL English Learners in grades 2–4 performed comparably or better than California English Learners in developing their English proficiency; additional findings show that an overwhelming majority of SEAL students are rapidly progressing towards proficiency thus preventing them from becoming long-term English Learners. English Learners in bilingual programs advanced in their development of Spanish, while other English Learners suffered from language loss in Spanish. The final section of the report provides considerations and implications for further SEAL replication, sustainability, additional research and policy.
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Loukos, Panos, and Leslie Arathoon. Landscaping the Agritech Ecosystem for Smallholder Farmers in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by Alejandro Escobar and Sergio Navajas. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003027.

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Agriculture is an important source of employment in Latin America and the Caribbean. In rural areas, some 54.6 per cent of the labour force is engaged in agricultural production. Although much of the region shares the same language and cultural heritage, the structure and scale of the agriculture sector varies significantly from country to country. Based on the review of 131 digital agriculture tools, this report, prepared by GSMA and IDB Lab, provides a market mapping and landscape analysis of the most prominent cases of digital disruption. It highlights some of the major trends observed in five digital agriculture use cases, identifies opportunities for digital interventions and concludes with recommendations for future engagement that could deliver long-term, sustainable economic and social benefits for smallholder farmers.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Murphy, Joe J., Michael A. Duprey, Robert F. Chew, Paul P. Biemer, Kathleen Mullan Harris, and Carolyn Tucker Halpern. Interactive Visualization to Facilitate Monitoring Longitudinal Survey Data and Paradata. RTI Press, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.op.0061.1905.

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Surveys often require monitoring during data collection to ensure progress in meeting goals or to evaluate the interim results of an embedded experiment. Under complex designs, the amount of data available to monitor may be overwhelming and the production of reports and charts can be costly and time consuming. This is especially true in the case of longitudinal surveys, where data may originate from multiple waves. Other such complex scenarios include adaptive and responsive designs, which were developed to act on the results of such monitoring to implement prespecified options or alternatives in protocols. This paper discusses the development of an interactive web-based data visualization tool, the Adaptive Total Design (ATD) Dashboard, which we designed to provide a wide array of survey staff with the information needed to monitor data collection daily. The dashboard was built using the R programming language and Shiny framework and provides users with a wide range of functionality to quickly assess trends. We present the structure of the data used to populate the dashboard, its design, and the process for hosting it on the web. Furthermore, we provide guidance on graphic design, data taxonomy, and software decisions that can help guide others in the process of developing their own data collection monitoring systems. To illustrate the benefits of the dashboard, we present examples from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). We also discuss features of the dashboard to be developed for future waves of Add Health.
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CONSENSUS STUDY ON THE STATE OF THE HUMANITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: STATUS, PROSPECTS AND STRATEGIES. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2016/0025.

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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence-based advice on the status and future role of the Humanities in South Africa to government and other stakeholders (such as science councils, the department of education, universities) as a contribution towards improving the human condition. Everywhere, the Humanities is judged by many to be in “crisis.” The reasons for this, in South Africa, include the governmental emphasis on science and technology; the political emphasis on the economically-grounded idea of “developmentalism;” the shift of values among youth (and their parents) towards practical employment and financial gain; and the argument that the challenges faced by our society are so urgent and immediate that the reflective and critical modes of thinking favoured in the Humanities seem to be unaffordable luxuries. The Report provides invaluable detail about the challenges and opportunities associated with tapping the many pools of excellence that exist in the country. It should be used as a guideline for policymakers to do something concrete to improve the circumstances faced by the Humanities, not only in South Africa but also around the world. Amongst other recommendations, the Report calls for the establishment of a Council for the Humanities to advise government on how to improve the status and standing of the Humanities in South Africa. It also calls for initiation, through the leadership of the Department of Basic Education, considered measures to boost knowledge of and positive choices for the Humanities throughout the twelve years of schooling, including progressive ways of privileging the Arts, History and Languages in the school curriculum through Grade 12.
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