Journal articles: 'Reported speech'

1

Jacobs, Geert. "Reported speech." Document Design 1, no. 3 (1999): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dd.1.3.12jac.

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Hodge, Gabrielle, and Kearsy Cormier. "Reported speech as enactment." Linguistic Typology 23, no. 1 (2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2019-0008.

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Salkie, Raphael, and Susan Reed. "Time reference in reported speech." English Language and Linguistics 1, no. 2 (1997): 319–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674300000563.

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English tenses in indirect reported speech appear to behave in unusual ways. In John said that he was happy, the most likely interpretation is that John's being happy was simultaneous with the time of John's speaking. This has led many analysts to invoke a ‘Sequence of Tenses’ rule, while others have proposed that English has two formally identical but semantically distinct past tenses, treating was in the preferred interpretation as a ‘relative past’. Under either treatment, a simple semantics for English tenses cannot be maintained.This paper argues that time reference in reported speech can only be analysed within a coherent theory of speech reporting. We propose a new way of distinguishing direct and indirect reported speech, based on the notion of Pragmatic Source. Within this framework we then argue that tense in indirect reported speech can be handled by pragmatic principles, without any enrichment of the semantics of tense.Previous analyses of tense in reported speech by Comrie and Declerck are examined and rejected. Unlike other accounts of reported speech, our approach does not presuppose an ‘original utterance’.

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Clark. "Reported Speech in Greek Tragedy." Illinois Classical Studies 45, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illiclasstud.45.1.0001.

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de Vries, Mark. "Reported direct speech in Dutch." Linguistics in the Netherlands 23 (November 9, 2006): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.23.21vri.

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Williams, H. "Lexical frames and reported speech." ELT Journal 58, no. 3 (2004): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/58.3.247.

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Dancygier, Barbara. "Reported Speech and viewpoint hierarchy." Linguistic Typology 23, no. 1 (2019): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2019-0004.

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Gerhanawati, Maria Gabrielis, Deddy Sofyan, and Istiqlaliah Nurul Hidayati. "STUDENTS ERRORS IN CONSTRUCTING REPORTED SPEECH." Journal of English Teaching and Linguistics Studies (JET Li) 1, no. 1 (2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55215/jetli.v1i1.1490.

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ABSTRACTThe paper entitled “Students’ Errors in Constructing Reported Speech” is aimed to find out students’ errors in constructing reported speech. In constructing the research, the writer applies descriptive method to analyze students’ errors in constructing reported speech. The research was conducted to the third semester students of English Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences, Pakuan University. The writer uses purposive sampling in conducting this research and takes 15 from three classes who learn reported speech. The data were gained from three instruments: documentation, questionnaire and interview. The documentations were taken from students’ works, questionnaires were distributed to 15 students who became the participants of this research and interview was also done to the lecturer who teaches reported speech. The research finding shows that the students make errors in constructing reported speech. The writer finds out four types of error: they are omission, addition, misinformation and misordering. The result shows that most common error found in constructing reported speech in misinformation. The writer suggests that the students should do more exercises in constructing reported speech appropriately by paying attention more to the rules of sentence transformation, especially in tense’ changes.Keywords: Direct Speech, Reported Speech, Error, Error Analysis.

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Ingrids, Henrik, and Karin Aronsson. "Reported Speech and Reported Affect in Child Custody Disputes." Research on Language and Social Interaction 47, no. 1 (2014): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2014.871806.

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Lee, Jieun. "Interpreting reported speech in witnesses’ evidence." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 12, no. 1 (2010): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.12.1.03lee.

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Drawing on the discourse of interpreter-mediated examinations of Korean-speaking witnesses in an Australian courtroom, this paper explores court interpreters’ renditions of reported speech contained in witnesses’ evidence. Direct reported speech is generally preferred in the courtroom because of the evidentiary rule against the admission of hearsay. However, Korean-speaking witnesses who are not familiar with this rule and with the discursive practices of the court tend to use indirect reported speech. This paper examines how Koreans’ general preference for indirect reported speech is handled by court interpreters. The findings suggest that the tendency among Korean interpreters to convert indirect into direct reported speech in English renditions may have implications for the accuracy of interpreted evidence.

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Kostanyan, Zara. "Reported Speech as a Supraphrasal Unity." Armenian Folia Anglistika 5, no. 1-2 (6) (2009): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2009.5.1-2.140.

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The analysis of supraphrasal indirect speech reveals that the paradigm of the given syntactic unit in the language system is formed in accordance with its structural-semantic characteristics which make it possible to distinguish it in the flow of speech. The lexical, grammatical, tense and stylistic factors prove to be important in the distinction of the supraphrasal indirect speech.

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Irvine, Judith T., and John A. Lucy. "Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1, no. 1 (1995): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3034272.

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Downing, Pamela, and John A. Lucy. "Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics." Language 71, no. 2 (1995): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416197.

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Lambani, Matodzi Nancy. "Undergraduate Students’Competence in English Reported Speech." International Journal of Educational Sciences 9, no. 1 (2015): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2015.11890290.

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King, J. R. P. "History of reported speech in Korean." Korean Linguistics 8 (January 1, 1994): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.8.01jrp.

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Johansen, Marianne. "Agency and responsibility in reported speech." Journal of Pragmatics 43, no. 11 (2011): 2845–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.04.001.

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KUO, SAI-HUA. "Reported Speech in Chinese Political Discourse." Discourse Studies 3, no. 2 (2001): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445601003002002.

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Emberson, Jane. "Reported speech in medieval German narratives." Parergon 4, no. 1 (1986): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pgn.1986.0008.

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Collins, James. "Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics." American Ethnologist 25, no. 1 (1998): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1998.25.1.15.

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Maier, Emar. "On the exceptionality of reported speech." Linguistic Typology 23, no. 1 (2019): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2019-0009.

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Berk-Seligson, Susan, and Mitchell A. Seligson. "Reported threats." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 26, no. 4 (2016): 583–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.26.4.03ber.

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This study offers new insights into the complex and underexplored nature of reported threats. Combining the theoretical framework of speech act analysis with the concept of reported speech, the study finds six categories of reported threats, uncovering ones that have been overlooked by existing scholarship thus far. The texts presented are derived from audio-recordings of 847 interviews carried out in four Central American countries: El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Panama between 2010 and 2014. References to threats and threat narratives came from school teachers, community leaders, police officers, clergy, and members of municipal violence prevention committees. The interpretation of indirect and implicit threats are made in the social context of communities under siege, that is, under constant attack by local gangs, many of whom are connected to national gangs and international narcotrafficking cartels. The credibility of the different types of threats is evaluated, using Goffman’s (1981) insight into the complexity of speaker roles in face-to-face interaction.

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HOREA, Ioana-Claudia, and Rodica BOGDAN. "REPORTED SPEECH WITHIN MOODLE TESTS. ASSESSING GRAMMAR ASPECTS OF INDIRECT SPEECH." ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA. ECONOMIC SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (2023): 530–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes32(1)040.

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Reported Speech or Indirect Speech is widely used in the formal register of the language, as at the level of professional communication collocutors are more likely to be interested in sending or respectively receiving the message that a certain job or task has been done instead of emphasising who the author or the performer is. Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP), as professional communication devices, witness multiple instances of Indirect speech communication, hence the need of having such structures much discussed and often practised with our students in economics and with the students in law, during their language classes. A facility thoroughly implemented and largely used with all categories of students in our higher education institution in the time of the recent pandemic, namely the Moodle platform, brings about the online testing tool. This provides the possibility of numerous, accurate, quick self-evaluation tests that can be performed not only at class during the practical courses but also, if such set, at any time the teachers consider proper and allow it, due to the availability of this e-learning platform to all our students, with private accounts, wherever they have internet and a valid device to access it properly. The language teachers can employ this facility creating short tests that would quickly assess knowledge of language, acquisition of grammar aspects and ability to make good use of the structures belonging to the reported speech. With the instant feedback provided by the application, self-evaluations and improvement of knowledge by repeated self-evaluations become available and much valuable tools for hundreds of students, with no more need of corrections from the teachers, a time-saving and very useful learning and testing facility. This paper puts forward some examples of such tests, created by the authors and used during their classes or set for their students’ individual practice. The examples given can be of help to other language instructors who have the possibility to use Moodle or a similar application and are willing to provide their learners with a modern tool of learning and testing, much appreciated by the students as well.

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Gawne, Lauren, and Kristine A. Hildebrandt. "Reported speech in earthquake narratives from six Tibeto-Burman languages." Studies in Language 44, no. 2 (2020): 461–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.18028.gaw.

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Abstract This paper is an analysis of the use of reported speech in six Tibeto-Burman languages from two closely-related sub-branches (Tamangic and Tibetic). The data come from a set of interview narratives about people’s experiences of the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal. The analysis begins with an examination of the relationship between reported speech, overt subjects and ergativity. We also look at reported speech and evidentiality, including grammatical reported speech evidentials. Structural features discussed include hybrid reported speech and multiple clause relationality. Interactional features discussed include the use of deictic shift, prominent subordination, and the multiple functions of reported speech forms, as well as zero-marked reported speech events. This analysis highlights the benefits of studying linguistic features such as reported speech in narrative context. We conclude with the implications of this usage-based analysis in the coverage of reported speech in descriptive grammars.

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Arkhangelskiy, Timofey. "Reported speech and its extensions in Beserman." Journal of Uralic Linguistics 2, no. 2 (2023): 213–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jul.00019.ark.

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Abstract This paper presents a descriptive account of reported speech, understood in terms of Spronck & Nikitina (2019), in Beserman (Uralic > Permic). Two phenomena are described in particular. First, it is demonstrated that, although Beserman generally prefers the direct speech strategy, the interpretation of indexicals in certain contexts may be affected by pragmatic factors. Second, Beserman allows for agreement mismatch between the subject and the predicate of the reported clause, known as “monstrous agreement”. This phenomenon has not been attested in Permic languages before. Apart from that, extended uses of two Beserman reported speech markers are described, whereby they convey pragmatic meanings that resemble English kind of or like. This semantic development reverses a well-known grammaticalization path that turns such pragmatic elements into reported speech markers. The study is based on both corpus and elicited data.

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Oropeza-Escobar, Minerva. "Direct reported speech as a frame for implicit reflexivity." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 23, no. 3 (2013): 481–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.23.3.05oro.

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By articulating the notions of reflexivity and participant roles in the context of direct reported speech, the present study aims to contribute to a better understanding of discourse and interaction in storytelling events. Direct reported speech, I find, counts as a reflexive resource not only because it re-presents other speech, but also because it frames the activity of the metanarrator, as attested by the embedding of overtly reflexive elements (instances of direct reported speech, indirect reported speech and performative verbs) and the display of implicitly reflexive processes such as word search, repair and lexical choice. I arrive at the conclusion that those explicitly reflexive resources -such as metanarrative comments- which involve the momentary suspension of the reporting speech, occur only in extreme cases in which the audience’s understanding of the narrative is in risk from the teller’s perspective. Otherwise, the tendency prevails to keep direct reported speech consistent with the position and point of view of the corresponding figure.The narratives analyzed here were recorded in Spanish among bilingual Totonac-Spanish storytellers from three different villages of the Mexican State of Veracruz.

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Good, Jeffrey S. "Reported and enacted actions: Moving beyond reported speech and related concepts." Discourse Studies 17, no. 6 (2015): 663–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445615602349.

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Walton, Marsha D., and Jenny Walton-Wetzel. "Reported speech and the development of authorial voice in middle childhood." Narrative Inquiry 23, no. 2 (2013): 388–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.23.2.09wal.

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The presentation of speech-in-text is an inherently meta-linguistic practice. When children bring speech into their writing, they are necessarily attending to speech as such. Constructing reported speech requires them to use language reflexively and may be a critical component of the development of an authorial voice. We examined 3495 occasions of reported speech or talk about speech in 689 personal narratives by 4th, 5th, and 6th graders in two inner-city schools. We found grade-related increases in the use of reported speech, in the variety of forms of reported speech used, and in the strategic alignment of reported speech form with plot. We also found a relationship between the use of reported speech and explicitly meta-narrative comments. We argue that as children begin to perform Bahktin’s ‘layering of voices’ in their stories, they are developing a meta-awareness of stories-as-stories. This meta-awareness, we propose, co-evolves with children’s use of reported speech forms, reveals itself in their strategic use of these forms, and gives us a glimpse of an emerging self-conscious narrator. As they become more conscious of themselves as authors in middle childhood, their stories begin to demonstrate qualities of literariness–the qualities of an authorial voice.

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Danow, David K. "Stavrogin's Teachings: Reported Speech in The Possessed." Slavic and East European Journal 32, no. 2 (1988): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/308888.

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Mama, Nizar Khorsheed. "The Reported Speech Act in Maccan Surah." Journal of The University of Duhok 21, no. 2 (2019): 364–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2019.21.2.18.

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Myers, G. "Functions of reported speech in group discussions." Applied Linguistics 20, no. 3 (1999): 376–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/20.3.376.

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31

Danziger, Eve. "Book Reviews:Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 4, no. 2 (1994): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1994.4.2.228.

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Vaughan, Megan. "Reported Speech and Other Kinds of Testimony." Journal of Historical Sociology 13, no. 3 (2000): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6443.00117.

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Declerck, Renaat, and Kazuhiko Tanaka. "CONSTRAINTS ON TENSE CHOICE IN REPORTED SPEECH." Studia Linguistica 50, no. 3 (2008): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.1996.tb00352.x.

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BUTTNY, RICHARD. "Reported Speech in Talking Race on Campus." Human Communication Research 23, no. 4 (1997): 477–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1997.tb00407.x.

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35

Goldberg, Sanford C. "Reported Speech and the Epistemology of Testimony." ProtoSociology 17 (2002): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/protosociology2002174.

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Hwang, Jya-lin. "Historical Development of reported speech in chinese." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 26, no. 1 (2000): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v26i1.3413.

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Spronck, Stef, and Tatiana Nikitina. "Reported speech forms a dedicated syntactic domain." Linguistic Typology 23, no. 1 (2019): 119–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2019-0005.

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AbstractIn many languages, expressions of the type ‘x said: “p”’, ‘x said thatp’ or ‘allegedly,p’ share properties with common syntactic types such as constructions with subordination, paratactic constructions, and constructions with sentence-level adverbs. On closer examination, however, they often turn out to be atypical members of these syntactic classes. In this paper we argue that a more coherent picture emerges if we analyse these expressions as a dedicated syntactic domain in itself, which we refer to as ‘reported speech’. Based on typological observations we argue for the idiosyncrasy of reported speech as a syntactic class. The article concludes with a proposal for a cross-linguistic characterisation that aims at capturing this broadly conceived domain of reported speech with a single semantic definition.

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Güldemann, Tom. "What is syntactic about reported speech/discourse?" Linguistic Typology 23, no. 1 (2019): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2019-0007.

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AKŞEHİRLİ, Soner. "Reported Speech in Fictional Narrative Texts In Terms of Speech Acts Theory." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 6 Issue 2, no. 6 (2011): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.1857.

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Nikitina, Tatiana, and Alexandra Vydrina. "Reported speech in Kakabe: Loose syntax with flexible indexicality." Folia Linguistica 54, no. 1 (2020): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2029.

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AbstractMainstream approaches to the typology of reported discourse have been based on the notion of a direct-indirect continuum: reported speech constructions are traditionally analyzed as conforming to or deviating from the “ideals” of European direct and indirect speech. This study argues that continuum-based approaches fail to distinguish between two dimensions of variation that are systematically discriminated in a number of African languages and should therefore be treated separately. First, different constructions can be recruited for speech reporting, ranging from paratactic to subordinate structures. Second, languages differ in the way pronouns in speech reports are interpreted. In European languages two different deictic strategies are associated with different syntactic types of speech report (‘indirect’ and ‘direct’ deixis is correlated with subordination and parataxis, respectively). In Kakabe, we argue, the choice of pronominal values is independent of the construction’s syntax. Dissociating the construction’s structural properties from the behavior of indexicals allows us to describe the Kakabe strategies of speech reporting as well as account for the seemingly puzzling behavior of reported commands. Our data shows that speech reporting strategies of Kakabe should be treated as a type in its own right: a type characterized by loose syntax and flexible pronominal indexicality.

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VUJEVIĆ ĐURIC, Vera. "On types of reported speech in English and Serbian newspaper discourse." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (December 1, 2020): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.10.

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The paper aims to investigate and classify certain types of reported speech in English and Serbian newspaper discourse. After a short account of the most relevant theoretical reflections related to the phenomenon of reported speech, the paper presents an exemplified classification of the types of reported speech present in English and Serbian newspapers, as well as a description of their potential functions. Predominant forms of reported speech are direct and indirect speech, which can be explained by the overall tendency of newspapers to present a valid and objective representation of actual events. Other less frequently found types of reported speech are free indirect and free direct speech, yet their usage differs between English and Serbian. Although the mentioned types of reported speech are rare, the fact that they do appear occasionally raises the issue of the functions they are supposed to perform and the effect they are supposed to have on the reader.

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Rogoza, Olga. "Forms Used to Convey Reported Speech in French Epistolary Novel." Studies About Languages, no. 37 (December 3, 2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.37.24501.

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The article is focused on the study of forms used to convey reported speech in the French epistolary novel of the 18th–20th centuries. The study is based on the novels Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, Mémoires de deux jeunes mariées by Honoré de Balzac, and Les jeunes filles by Henry de Montherlant, which are prominent examples of the epistolary novel of the respective epochs. Proceeding from duality of the epistolary novel, i.e., a combination of the form of a letter andthe genre of the novel, the French epistolary novel is defined by its special structure and composition, which determine perception of the information delivered in the novel. The form that conveys reported speech is aligned with writer’s intention. A descriptive variant of presenting dialogues prevails, while the use of direct speech in decisive moments of narration results from the pursuit of credibility. When the credibility is not more important, the reported speech is used to describe the characters and cover their characterisations. Indirect speech is used in an epistolary novel more often, but free indirect speech is virtually absent, which is explained by the absence of narrative speech that is usually interpreted via free indirect speech.

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Gawne, Lauren. "The reported speech evidential particle in Lamjung Yolmo." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 38, no. 2 (2015): 292–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.38.2.09gaw.

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Grammatically encoded evidentials that marks ‘reported speech’, ‘hearsay’ or ‘quotation’ are attested in languages from a variety of families, but often receive cursory description. In this paper I give a detailed account of the reported speech particle ló in Lamjung Yolmo, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal. This particle is used when the speaker is reporting previously communicated information. This information may be translated from another language, may be a non-verbal interaction turn or may have been an incomplete utterance. Speakers choose to use the reported speech particle in interaction, and the pragmatic effect is usually to add authority to the propositional content. Detailed description of the use of reported speech evidentials in interaction across different languages will provide a better understanding of the range of their function.

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Webster, Patricia M., and Marshall J. Duguay. "Surgeons’ Reported Attitudes and Practices regarding Alaryngeal Speech." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 99, no. 3 (1990): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949009900307.

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Attitudes and practices of 50 prominent laryngologic surgeons were surveyed to determine current trends and implications for postoperative speech rehabilitation. Data are available for 1,003 laryngectomy operations performed over the past 3-year period by the 22 responders (44%). Those surgeons responding indicated a preference toward tracheoesophageal shunt procedures. A negative correlation was noted between the increased number of tracheoesophageal shunt procedures and the age of the surgeon. Additional responses provided information regarding personal preferences for postlaryngectomy speech types, opinions regarding artificial device use, and speech rehabilitation referral practices.

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Nikitina, Tatiana, and Anna Bugaeva. "Logophoric speech is not indirect: towards a syntactic approach to reported speech constructions." Linguistics 59, no. 3 (2021): 609–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0067.

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Abstract The distinction between direct and indirect speech has long been known not to reflect the crosslinguistic diversity of speech reporting strategies. Yet prominent typological approaches remain firmly grounded in that traditional distinction and look to place language-specific strategies on a universal continuum, treating them as deviations from the “direct” and “indirect” ideals. We argue that despite their methodological attractiveness, continuum approaches do not provide a solid basis for crosslinguistic comparison. We aim to present an alternative by exploring the syntax of logophoric speech, which has been commonly treated in the literature as representative of “semi-direct” discourse. Based on data from two unrelated languages, Wan (Mande) and Ainu (isolate), we show that certain varieties of logophoric speech share a number of syntactic properties with direct speech, and none with indirect speech. Many of the properties of indirect speech that are traditionally described in terms of perspective follow from its syntactically subordinate status. Constructions involving direct and logophoric speech, on the other hand, belong to a separate, universal type of structure. Our findings suggest that the alleged direct/indirect continuum conflates two independent aspects of speech reporting: the syntactic configuration in which the report is integrated, and language-specific meaning of indexical elements.

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Coppens-Hofman, Marjolein C., Hayo R. Terband, Ben A. M. Maassen, Henny M. J. van Schrojenstein Lantman-De Valk, Yvonne van Zaalen-op’t Hof, and Ad F. M. Snik. "Dysfluencies in the speech of adults with intellectual disabilities and reported speech difficulties." Journal of Communication Disorders 46, no. 5-6 (2013): 484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.08.001.

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de Albuquerque, Marianna Bicalho. "Gestures and multilevel discourse in spontaneous speech corpora: the case of reported speech." DILEF. Rivista digitale del Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia, no. 3 (January 4, 2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/2024.4346.

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L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato quello di analizzare le unità di discorso riportato e le unità gestuali che vengono prodotte insieme ad esse. Studi basati su corpora e fondati sulla Language into Act Theory, il quadro teorico adottato in questa ricerca, hanno dimostrato che le zone di confine delle unità gestuali tendono a coincidere con i confini prosodici del discorso. Per quanto riguarda il discorso riportato, Good 2015 osserva che quando lo inseriamo nel flusso del discorso spontaneo, utilizziamo risorse che mostrano il suo carattere metaillocutivo, come la variazione prosodica, i cambiamenti nella postura del corpo e anche i gesti messi in scena. Pertanto, è prevedibile che si notino differenze nel profilo prosodico e gestuale tra il discorso non riportato e quello riportato, e viceversa. In questa ricerca, questi aspetti sono stati analizzati sulla base di un corpus di parlato spontaneo, C-ORAL-BGEST, etichettato informazionalmente secondo la Language into Act Theory e gestualmente secondo le linee guida di McNeill 1992, Kendon 2004 e Bressem, Ladewig e Müller 2013. I risultati sembrano mostrare che il cambiamento di livello discorsivo, cioè il passaggio dal livello dell'enunciato al livello del discorso riportato, è evidente non solo dal punto di vista prosodico, ma anche gestuale. &nbsp; The aim of this work was to analyze reported speech units and the gestural units that are produced alongside them. Studies based on corpora and grounded in Language into Act Theory, the theoretical framework adopted in this research, have shown that the boundary zones of gestural units tend to coincide with the prosodic boundaries of speech. Regarding reported speech, Good 2015 observes that when we insert them into the flow of spontaneous speech, we use resources that show their meta-illocutionary character, such as prosodic variation, changes in body posture and also enacted gestures. Thus, it is to be expected that differences in the prosodic and gestural profile will be noticed between unreported to reported speech, and vice versa. In this research, these aspects were analyzed based on a corpus of spontaneous speech, C-ORAL-BGEST, informationally labeled according to the Language into Act Theory, and gesturally labeled according to the guidelines of McNeill 1992, Kendon 2004 and Bressem, Ladewig and Müller 2013. The results seem to show that the change in discursive level, i.e. the transition from the level of the utterance to the level of reported speech, is noticeable not only prosodically, but also gesturally.

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Wijaya, Juliana. "DIRECT REPORTED SPEECH IN SPOKEN INDONESIAN: VERBAL MARKERS AND DISCOURSE PRACTICES." Linguistik Indonesia 34, no. 1 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v34i1.38.

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The analysis of first, second and third-person reported speech in this paper reveal different uses of verbal markers and discourse practices surrounding direct reported speech in spoken Indonesian. The reporting verb and noun phrases bilang â€˜to say,â€™ ngomong â€˜to talk,â€™ and katanya â€˜his/her wordâ€™ are the most frequently used. The moodinvoking reporting verbal markers are not frequently used in conversational Indonesian. Speech-signalling reporting verbs embody illocutionary forces and presuppose the performative modality of the projected reported speech. Furthermore, speakers of reported speech use different strategies to introduce or mark quoted speakers. Some of them are not specifically marked yet their existence can be interpreted by taking the underlying operations of the turn taking system into account.

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Šegedin, Danijela. "Reported Speech: Corpus-Based Findings vs. EFL Textbook Presentations." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 5, no. 1-2 (2008): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.5.1-2.199-213.

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Corpus linguistic research shows that EFL textbook grammar descriptions often do not reflect authentic language usage. Based on this background, this paper presents a survey of the presentation of indirect reported speech in EFL textbooks currently used in elementary and secondary schools in Croatia. Results of the corpus-based cross-register research of indirect reported speech are presented in the second part of the paper. The survey findings are then contrasted with the corpus findings to show that EFL textbooks often omit important information regarding the use of indirect reported speech in naturally occurring discourse. The results of this study support the results of Eckhardt’s study (2001) on the patterns of usage of indirect reported speech. Due to the small size of the corpus and the lack of an appropriate computer program the conclusions of the present study should be subjected to further verification and re-examination.

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Serafim, Monielly. "The role of reported speech in the evaluation of arguments from expert opinion." Revista Eletrônica de Estudos Integrados em Discurso e Argumentação 22, no. 3 (2022): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47369/eidea-22-3-3532.

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This paper discusses how grammatical aspects of direct and indirect speech affect the evaluation of the argument from expert opinion. Direct speech is often characterized by having two different discourse acts and, consequently, two deictic centres; and indirect speech is regarded as one discourse act with one deictic centre. These grammatical structures have different pragmatic effects, mainly because in direct speech, the reported content is assumed to be faithful in form and content. In contrast, in indirect speech, the current speaker embeds the reported content in their speech. Considering these features, this work provides a comparative analysis of the types of reported speech and their relation to Wagemans’ (2011) argument scheme and critical questions and offers modifications in the existing argument schemes to allow a more precise evaluation of arguments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Reported speech'

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