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Hong, Mei. "On two methods for identifying dynamic errors-in-variables systems." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala : Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 2005. http://www.it.uu.se/research/reports/lic/2005-007/.
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Ridelberg, Mikaela. "Towards safer care in Sweden? : Studies of influences on patient safety." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för hälso- och sjukvårdsanalys, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127307.
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Patient safety has progressed in 15 years from being a relatively insignificant issue to a position high on the agenda for health care providers, managers and policymakers as well as the general public. Sweden has seen increased national, regional and local patient safety efforts since 2011 when a new patient safety law was introduced and a four-year financial incentive plan was launched to encourage county councils to carry out specified measures and meet certain patient safety related criteria. However, little is known about what structures and processes contribute to improved patient safety outcomes and how the context influences the results. The overall aim of this thesis was to generate knowledge for improved understanding and explanation of influences on patient safety in the county councils in Sweden. To address this issue, five studies were con-ducted: interviews with nurses and infection control practitioners, surveys to patient safety officers and a document analysis of patient safety reports. Patient safety officers are healthcare professionals who hold key positions in their county council’s patient safety work. The findings from the studies were structured through a framework based on Donabedian’s triad (with a contextual element added) and applying a learning perspective, highlight areas that are potentially important to improve the patient safety in Swe-dish county councils. Study I showed that the conditions for the county councils’ patient safety work could be improved. Conducting root-cause analysis and attaining an organizational culture that encourages reporting and avoids blame were perceived to be of importance for improving patient safety. Study II showed that nurses perceived facilitators and barriers for improved pa-tient safety at several system levels. Study III revealed many different types of obstacles to effective surveillance of health care-associated infec-tions (HAIs), the majority belonging to the early stages of the surveillance process. Many of the obstacles described by the infection control practi-tioners restricted the use of results in efforts to reduce HAIs. Study IV of the Patient Safety Reports identified 14 different structure elements of patient safety work, 31 process elements and 23 outcome elements. These reports were perceived by patient safety officers to be useful for providing a structure for patient safety work in the county councils, for enhancing the focus on patient safety issues and for learning from the patient safety work that is undertaken. In Study V the patient safety officers rated efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics and improved communication be-tween health care practitioners and patients as most important for attaining current and future levels of patient safety in their county council. The patient safety officers also perceived that the most successful county councils regarding patient safety have good leadership support, a long-term commitment and a functional work organisation for patient safety work. Taken together, the five studies of this thesis demonstrate that patient safety is a multifaceted problem that requires multifaceted solutions. The findings point to an insufficient transition of assembled data and information into action and learning for improved patient safety.
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Domeniconi, Camila. "Auto-relato de erros em tarefas de leitura: efeitos de um treino de correspondência." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2820.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-06<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>When children with a history of school failure report on the outcomes of reading responses, most of them tend to report mostly correct responses, even after they make mistakes. This study investigated variables influencing correspondence in these reports and attempted to train correspondence to ensure accurate reports of errors, as well as of correct responses. Experimental sessions presented series of words on a computer screen. The computer dictated the correct word and children selected a green or a red window to report that the response had been correct or wrong. Baseline sessions showed
that reports of errors as correct responses increased as a function of error probability.
Training sessions then reinforced correspondence, providing points contingent to
selections of the green window after a correct response and selections of the red window
after an error. Correspondence quickly increased and was maintained in subsequent baseline sessions. Correspondence training was effective to establish accurate reports of errors in these children.<br>Quando crianças com história de fracasso escolar relatam seus resultados em leitura de
palavras, a maioria delas tende a relatar a maior parte as respostas como corretas, mesmo que tenham cometido erros. Este estudo investigou as variáveis que influenciam a fidedignidade desses relatos e tentou treinar a correspondência para assegurar relatos correspondentes de erros, bem como de acertos. As sessões experimentais apresentaram diversas palavras em uma tela do computador. O computador ditou a palavra correta e as crianças selecionaram uma janela verde ou vermelha para relatar que a resposta tinha sido correta ou errada. As sessões da linha de base mostraram que os relatos de erros como respostas corretas aumentaram em função da probabilidade de erro. As sessões
do treino reforçaram então a correspondência, fornecendo os pontos contingentes às
seleções da janela verde após uma resposta correta e às seleções da janela vermelha
após um erro. A correspondência aumentou rapidamente e foi mantida em sessões
subsequentes de linha de base. O treinamento da correspondência foi eficaz para estabelecer relatos exatos dos erros nestas crianças.
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Koehn, Amy R. "To report or not report : a qualitative study of nurses' decisions in error reporting." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3665927.
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<p> This qualitative study was successful in utilization of grounded theory methodology to ascertain nurses' decision-making processes following their awareness of having made a medical error, as well as how and/or if they corrected and reported the error. Significant literature documents the existence of medical errors; however, this unique study interviewed thirty nurses from adult intensive care units seeking to discover through a detailed interview process their individual stories and experiences, which were then analyzed for common themes. Common themes led to the development of a theoretical model of thought processes regarding error reporting when nurses made an error. Within this theoretical model are multiple processes that outline a shared, time-orientated sequence of events nurses encounter before, during, and after an error. One common theme was the error occurred during a busy day when they had been doing something unfamiliar. Each nurse expressed personal anguish at the realization she had made an error, she sought to understand why the error happened and what corrective action was needed. Whether the error was reported on or told about depended on each unit's expectation and what needed to be done to protect the patient. If there was no perceived patient harm, errors were not reported. Even for reported errors, no one followed-up with the nurses in this study. Nurses were left on their own to reflect on what had happened and to consider what could be done to prevent error recurrence. The overall impact of the process of and the recovery from the error led to learning from the error that persisted throughout her nursing career. Findings from this study illuminate the unique viewpoint of licensed nurses' experiences with errors and have the potential to influence how the prevention of, notification about and resolution of errors are dealt with in the clinical setting. Further research is needed to answer multiple questions that will contribute to nursing knowledge about error reporting activities and the means to continue to improve error-reporting rates.</p>
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Harish, Kumar Rithika. "Spelling Correction To Improve Classification Of Technical Error Reports." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263112.
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This master’s thesis project undertook the investigation of whether spelling correction would improve the performance of the classification of reports. The idea is to use different approaches of spelling correction to check which approach suits this particular dataset. Three different approaches were tested for spelling correction. The first two approaches considered only the erroneous word for correction. The third approach also considered context or the surrounding words to the erroneous word. The results after spelling correction were tested on a model classifier. No significant improvement in the performance of the classifier was observed when compared to the baseline. The reason for this might be because most of the reports do not contain more than a few spelling errors and the majority of words detected as spelling errors are not in English. However, the second approach performed better than the baseline for the dataset due to it being language independent as most of the non-words were non-english words which are dynamically updated based on input.<br>Det här examensarbetet undersökte huruvida stavningskontroll kan förbättra klassificering av rapporter. Tanken är att använda olika tillvägagångssätt för stavningskontroll för att finna det sätt som fungerar bäst på den här specifika datamängden. Tre olika tillvägagångssätt för stavningskontroll undersöktes. De två första tog bara hänsyn till enskilda felstavade ord. Det tredje sättet tog även hänsyn till det felstavade ordets kontext. Resultatet från stavningskontrollen testades på en klassificerare. Klassificeraren uppvisade inte någon signifikant förbättring vid jämförelse med en baslinje. Anledningen till detta kan vara att de flesta av rapporterna inte innehåller mer än några få stavfel och de flesta ord som upptäckts som stavfel är inte på engelska. Det andra tillvägagångssättet presterade dock bättre än baslinjen för datasetet tack vara att det var språkoberoende, eftersom de flesta av icke-orden var icke-engelska ord som dynamiskt uppdaterades baserat på input.
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Montague, Diane M. "Medication errors in hospitals : to ERR is human, to report is divine." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/235.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Health and Public Affairs<br>Legal Studies
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Schnoor, Jörg, Christina Rogalski, Roberto Frontini, Nils Engelmann, and Christoph-Eckhardt Heyde. "Case report of a medication error by look-alike packaging." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-162688.
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Background: The acronym LASA (look-alike sound-alike) denotes the problem of confusing similar- looking and/or sounding drugs accidentally. The most common causes of medication error jeopardizing patient safety are LASA as well as high workload. Case presentation: A critical incident report of medication errors of opioids for postoperative analgesia by lookalike packaging highlights the LASA aspects in everyday scenarios. A change to a generic brand of medication saved costs of up to 16% per annum. Consequently, confusion of medication incidents occurred due to the similar appearance of the newly introduced generic opioid. Due to consecutive underdosing no life-threatening situation arose out of this LASA based medication error. Conclusion: Current recommendations for the prevention of LASA are quite extensive; still, in a system with a lump sum payment per case not all of these security measures may be feasible. This issue remains to be approached on an individual basis, taking into consideration local set ups as well as financial issues.
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Panesar, Sukhmeet S. "Using a national repository of error reports to obtain insights into the safety of orthopaedic surgery." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25051.
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Introduction: Almost a decade ago, there was a call to establish patient safety reporting systems that would operate at local, regional and national levels; it was envisaged that these would help healthcare professionals and organisations to learn from mistakes and lead to the development of interventions aimed at mitigating against these errors. This policy call led to the creation of the National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS). It however remains unclear whether reporting systems result in safer care. Specialties such as orthopaedics pose a high potential risk of iatrogenic harm, and this clinical area therefore represents a useful exemplar in which to study the opportunities offered by this national repository of errors to improve the safety of orthopaedic care provision. Aims: The aims of this thesis were to: • understand the opportunities offered by the NRLS to ascertain the frequency, types and causes of errors in orthopaedic surgery • develop the risk prediction potential of the system • offer critical reflections on the role of reporting systems for improving the care received by orthopaedic patients. Methods: Data on orthopaedic entries over the time period 2005-2008 were extracted from the National Patient Safety Agency's NRLS. Given the high volume of orthopaedic error reports, an approach was developed to prioritise areas most likely to result in patient harm. This approach was used to select four key areas, and examples of work undertaken to reduce the harm associated with orthopaedic surgery in these areas are presented. A detailed assessment of all orthopaedic deaths was also undertaken using an inductive approach of content analysis. A key aspect of this thesis was the creation of the Orthopaedic Error Index for hospitals, which allows a national assessment of the relative safety of provision of orthopaedic surgery. It uses existing principles of benchmarking to identify outlier hospitals where a large proportion of harm occurs compared to other hospitals. Results: There were 48,971 free-text reports of orthopaedic errors made available for analyses. These reports were grouped into 15 categories, which have been used since inception of the NRLS. A method of prioritising these categories of errors was developed which yielded an odds ratio of the most harmful category of errors compared to the others; these included errors associated with implementation of care and on-going monitoring/review [OR = 2.55 (95% CI 2.49, 2.62)]; self-harming behaviour [OR = 1.60 (95% CI 1.30, 1.96)]; infection control [OR= 1.50 (95% CI 1.41, 1.61)]; treatment, procedure [OR= 1.31 (95% CI 1.22, 1.42)]; and patient accidents [OR = 1.02 (95% CI 0.99, 1.05)]. In each of these error categories, where possible, topics were selected where there was a paucity of national guidelines on delivering safer orthopaedic care. All the deaths (n = 257) were also reviewed (2005-2009). Four main thematic categories emerged: (1) stages of the surgical journey - 62% of deaths occurred in the post-operative phase; (2) causes of patient death - 32% were related to severe infections; (3) reported quality of medical interventions - 65% of patients experienced minimal or delayed treatment; and (4) skills of healthcare professionals - 44% of deaths had a failure in non-technical skills. A single error could have multiple themes, hence all errors did not add up to 100%. National alerts were then produced to mitigate risks associated with the use of digital tourniquets, hip cement, and slips, trips and falls. Data from 155 hospitals were used to create an Orthopaedic Error Index (OEI) which was normally distributed. The mean OEI was 7.09/year (SD 2.72); five hospitals were identified as outliers, lying three standard deviations above the mean OEI. This is the first time that a direct measure of patient safety has been created and used. Discussion: Reporting systems such as the NRLS offer a potentially important approach for orthopaedic surgeons to better understand the safety considerations of their work. This work has shown that content analyses and prioritisation of errors can be beneficial for large databases and can alert orthopaedic surgeons to practices of unsafe care. Subsequent solutions to mitigate against these errors can furthermore be developed. It is also possible to use the NRLS for risk prediction and identify, earlier on, any hospitals that have significant variation in the severity and propensity of errors. It is hoped that this work will catalyse efforts by a few in orthopaedic surgery to recognise that unsafe care is a problem and needs to be better understood and appropriate solutions developed.
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Brigham, Leeann. "Analysis of Report Addenda as a Novel Approach to Characterization and Quantification of Errors in Diagnostic Radiology." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17295902.
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Diagnostic errors are common in radiology and can have a significant negative impact on patient care. Identifying the types of errors that occur can improve our understanding of the root causes and suggest pathways for improvement. To date, studies have focused on errors occurring in difficult cases, which have higher error rates but are not representative of the errors occurring in hospitals on a daily basis. In most hospitals, radiologists attach addenda to reports when an error needs correction. Therefore, addenda are markers for errors and provide a more complete, non-biased picture that may be more relevant to improving outcomes. Using report addenda at a large university hospital we analyzed the types of errors in 1,195 cases and found that radiology studies at our hospital have an error rate of 0.9%. Our results demonstrate that in daily radiology practice, errors of poor communication occur most frequently (36%), followed by under-reading (23%), procedure-related (20%), insufficient history (15%), over-reading (5%), and poor technique (0.5%). When analyzed by modality, most errors occurred in interventional procedures, followed by PET, MRI, and CT. Errors of communication are often preventable and suggest a clear area for intervention. More broadly, our success using addenda to study clinical errors demonstrates the feasibility of this novel approach, which would be reproducible at virtually all institutions.
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Pina-Sánchez, Jose. "Prevalence, impact, and adjustments of measurement error in retrospective reports of unemployment : an analysis using Swedish administrative data." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/prevalence-impact-and-adjustments-of-measurement-error-in-retrospective-reports-of-unemployment-an-analysis-using-swedish-administrative-data(74e7e851-d89b-4b91-830e-410a06fb6fde).html.
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In this thesis I carry out an encompassing analysis of the problem of measurement error in retrospectively collected work histories using data from the “Longitudinal Study of the Unemployed”. This dataset has the unique feature of linking survey responses to a retrospective question on work status to administrative data from the Swedish Register of Unemployment. Under the assumption that the register data is a gold standard I explore three research questions: i) what is the prevalence of and the reasons for measurement error in retrospective reports of unemployment; ii) what are the consequences of using such survey data subject to measurement error in event history analysis; and iii) what are the most effective statistical methods to adjust for such measurement error. Regarding the first question I find substantial measurement error in retrospective reports of unemployment, e.g. only 54% of the subjects studied managed to report the correct number of spells of unemployment experienced in the year prior to the interview. Some reasons behind this problem are clear, e.g. the longer the recall period the higher the prevalence of measurement error. However, some others depend on how measurement error is defined, e.g. women were associated with a higher probability of misclassifying spells of unemployment but not with misdating them. To answer the second question I compare different event history models using duration data from the survey and the register as their response variable. Here I find that the impact of measurement error is very large, attenuating regression estimates by about 90% of their true value, and this impact is fairly consistent regardless of the type of event history model used. In the third part of the analysis I implement different adjustment methods and compare their effectiveness. Here I note how standard methods based on strong assumptions such as SIMEX or Regression Calibration are incapable of dealing with the complexity of the measurement process under analysis. More positive results are obtained through the implementation of ad hoc Bayesian adjustments capable of accounting for the different patterns of measurement error using a mixture model.
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Legorano, Giuliana. "Sicurezza stradale: Proposta di traduzione di un estratto del research report "The Nature of Errors Made by Drivers"." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8142/.
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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a translation from English into Italian of an extract from the research report “The Nature of Errors Made by Drivers”. The research was conducted by the MUARC (the Monash University Accident Research Centre) and published in June 2011 by Austroads, the association of Australasian road transport and traffic agencies. The excerpt chosen for translation is the third chapter, which provides an overview of the on-road pilot study conducted to analyse why drivers make mistakes during their everyday drive, including the methodology employed and the results obtained.
This work is divided into six sections. It opens with an introduction on the topic and the formal structure of the report, followed by the first chapter, which provides an overview of the main features of the languages for special purposes and the specialised texts, an analysis of the text type and a presentation of the extract chosen for translation. In the second chapter the linguistic and extralinguistic resources available to specialised translators are presented, focussing on the ones used to translate the text. The third chapter is dedicated to the source text and its translation, while the fourth one provides an analysis of the strategies chosen to translate the text and a comment on the solutions to problematic passages. Finally, the last section – the conclusion – provides a comment on the entire work and on the professional activity of translators. The work closes with an appendix, which contains a glossary of the terms extracted from the translated text.
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Pereira, Laura Sant’Anna Gualda. "Learning about corruption: a statistical framework for working with audit reports." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/22982.
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-26<br>Quantitative studies aiming to disentangle public corruption effects often emphasize the lack of objective information in this research area. The CGU Random Audits Anti-Corruption Program, based on extensive and unadvertised audits of transfers from the federal government to municipalities, emerged as a potential source to try to fill this gap. Reports generated by these audits describe corrupt and mismanagement practices in detail, but reading and coding them manually is laborious and requires specialized people to do it. We propose a statistical framework to guide the use of text data to construct objective indicators of corruption and use it in inferential models. It consists of two main steps. In the first one, we use machine learning methods for text classification to create an indicator of corruption based on irregularities from audit reports. In the second step, we use this indicator in a regression model, accounting for the measurement error carried from the first step. To validate this framework, we replicate an empirical strategy presented by Ferraz et al. (2012) to estimate effects of corruption in educational funds on primary school students’ outcomes, between 2006 and 2015. We achieved an expected accuracy of 92% on the binary classification of irregularities, and our results endorse Ferraz et al.. findings: students in municipal schools perform significantly worse on standardized tests in municipalities where was found corruption in education.<br>Estudos quantitativos em corrupção política enfatizam a falta de informações objetivas nessa área de pesquisa. O Programa de Fiscalização por Sorteios Públicos da CGU se baseia em auditorias não anunciadas das transferências do Governo Federal para municípios, e aparece como uma potencial solução para essa lacuna. Relatórios gerados durante essas auditorias descrevem com detalhe práticas de corrupção e de má gestão pública. No entanto, a análise manual desses relatórios é penosa e requer o conhecimento de especialistas. Nós propomos um framework estatístico para guiar o uso desses dados textuais na construção de indicadores objetivos de corrupção e em modelos de inferência. O framework consiste em duas etapas gerais. Na primeira, usamos métodos de aprendizagem de máquinas para classificação das irregularidades constatadas durante as auditorias. Na segunda etapa, construímos um indicador de corrupção baseado na classificação e o utilizamos em um modelo de regressão, ajustando pelo erro de medida derivado da primeira etapa. Para validar essa metodologia, nós replicamos a estratégia empírica apresentada por Ferraz et al. (2012) para estimar o efeito da corrupção em fundos educacionais nos resultados escolares de alunos do Ensino Fundamental, entre os anos de 2006-2015. Nós obtemos uma acurácia média de 92% na classificação binária de irregularidades, e nossos resultados corroboram com os encontrados em Ferraz et al.: estudantes de escolas municipais apresentam resultados significativamente piores em testes padronizados se estudam municípios com indícios de corrupção na área de educação
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Miller-Cornell, Carol Ann. "Error feedback in second language writing." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3396.
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This thesis follows five second language (L2) students in an introductory composition class at California State University, San Bernardino. The study investigates their perceptions and responses to grammatical coded feedback provided by their writing instructor. The results showed that students wanted, expected, appreciated and understood the coded feedback that was given to them.
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Hart, Timothy C. "Respondent fatigue in self-report victim surveys : examining a source of nonsampling error from three perspectives." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001456.
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Fernandez, Antonio Ramon. "An Assessment of the Relationship between Emergency Medical Services Work-life Characteristics, Sleepiness, and the Report of Adverse Events." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305595940.
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Andrzejczak, Chris. "A study of factors contributing to self-reported anomalies in civil aviation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4521.
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A study investigating what factors are present leading to pilots submitting voluntary anomaly reports regarding their flight performance was conducted. The study employed statistical methods, text mining, clustering, and dimensional reduction techniques in an effort to determine relationships between factors and anomalies. A review of the literature was conducted to determine what factors are contributing to these anomalous incidents, as well as what research exists on human error, its causes, and its management. Data from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) was analyzed using traditional statistical methods such as frequencies and multinomial logistic regression. Recently formalized approaches in text mining such as Knowledge Based Discovery (KBD) and Literature Based Discovery (LBD) were employed to create associations between factors and anomalies. These methods were also used to generate predictive models. Finally, advances in dimensional reduction techniques identified concepts or keywords within records, thus creating a framework for an unsupervised document classification system. Findings from this study reinforced established views on contributing factors to civil aviation anomalies. New associations between previously unrelated factors and conditions were also found. Dimensionality reduction also demonstrated the possibility of identifying salient factors from unstructured text records, and was able to classify these records using these identified features.<br>ID: 029050666; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-174).<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems<br>Engineering and Computer Science
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Afolalu, Olamide Olajumoke. "Self-reported perceptions of factors influencing error reporting in one Nigerian hospital: a descriptive cross-sectional study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27882.
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Background: Over the past decade the concern about patient safety due to the occurrence of medical errors has become a priority in healthcare. Medical errors occur from virtually all processes in the delivery of healthcare and while most have little risk for patient harm, some do result in injury, increased health care cost, lost income, decreased productivity, disability, morbidity and mortality. Under-reporting of medical errors is a global issue endangering patient safety and compromising health outcomes. Awareness and use of a hospital's error reporting system is an initial step towards improved reporting rates. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe doctors' and nurses' self-reported perceptions of factors influencing error reporting in a Nigerian hospital by survey questionnaire. Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to survey a random sample of 230 health professionals (n=90 doctors, n=130 nurses) working in all the units and departments of a Nigerian tertiary health institution. A theoretical model of a health information technology framework with implications for patient safety served as a guide for the literature review and interpretation of study findings. A 47-item self-administered survey questionnaire served as the data collection instrument. The questionnaire was developed following the review of available published literature and validated by four experts (n=2 doctors, 2 nurses), who determined the index of content validity. Inter-rater reliability of the instrument was subsequently measured by test-retest reliability of data from a pilot study of 30 raters (n=13 doctors, n=17 nurses). The validated questionnaire was used to determine doctors' and nurses' awareness and use of an error reporting system, frequency of reporting various types of errors, perceived barriers to error reporting and factors that facilitate an error reporting culture. Data collection took place for four weeks in February 2017. Data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The median age of the respondents was 36 years (range of 25-59). The typical nurse respondent was female having a diploma in nursing and no Master's degree or PhD, in contrast to the doctors, most of whom were male and a few had a postgraduate qualification. The gender difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). The majority of the respondents had 6-10 years of work experience and were in full-time employment and the difference in current work status (P=0.001) and years of work experience (P<0.001) between the two groups was statistically significant. Awareness of error reporting system: most respondents disagreed that the hospital had a system in place for reporting errors but more nurses (56/140, 40.0%) than doctors (16/90, 17.8%) were aware of such a system and the difference in responses between the two groups achieved statistical significance (X²(4, n=230) = 13.302, P<0.010); knew where and when to report errors (nurses 48.6%, n=68/140; doctors 20.0%, n=18/90) (X²(n=230) = 23.843, P<0.001); how to locate an incident form (nurses n=60/139, 43.2%; doctors n=28/89, 31.5%) (X²(4, n=228) = 9.842, P=0.043); and who to report an incident or error to (nurses n=72/140, 51.4%; doctors n=33/90, 36.7%) (X²(4, n=230) = 11.845, P=0.019). Results for type and frequency of errors reported and factors facilitating an error reporting culture did not achieve statistical significance. Perceptions of barriers to error reporting: lack of confidentiality (nurses n=62/140, 44.3%; doctors n=27/87, 31.0%) (X²(n=227) = 11.697, P=0.019). Most respondents were unsure if error reporting forms were easy to complete (nurses n=49/137, 35.8%; doctors n=26/88, 29.5%), (X²(4, n=225) = 9.926, P=0.042). Factors not perceived as barriers: positive feedback when reporting errors (nurses n=61/140, 43.6%; doctors n=24/90, 26.7%), (X²(n=230) = 10.939, P=0.026); reporting an error that did not cause harm (doctors n=40/90, 44.4%; nurses n=50/139, 36.0%), (X²(4, n=229) = 9.618, P=0.047); time involved in reporting (nurses n=76/138, 55.1%; doctors n=26/89, 29.2%), (X²(4, n=227) = 17.327); and learning from the error (doctors n=42/90, 46.7%; nurses n=40/138, 29.0%), (X²(4, n=228) = 20.777, P<0.001) Conclusion: Doctors and nurses were mostly unaware of the hospital's error reporting system which can be concluded to be an organizational factor. Respondents would be willing to report incidents if perceived barriers are removed. There is an urgent need for an effective error reporting system to be implemented in the local setting and for appropriate awareness training and educational interventions to improve doctors' and nurses' knowledge and use of medical error reporting. Relevance to clinical practice. Effective error reporting systems in the Nigerian healthcare sector that improve awareness and use of these systems should enhance a reporting culture and thereby improve patient safety.
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Weir, John M. "Subtyping psychopathy : exploring the roles of degree of punishment, cognitive dissonance and optimism." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001907.
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Powers, Stephanie L. Stamey James D. "Bayesian approach to inference and variable selection for misclassified and under-reported response models." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5355.
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Durand, Marcus L. "The evaluation of methods for the prospective patient safety hazard analysis of ward-based oxygen therapy." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4480.
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When even seemingly benign and routine processes fail in healthcare, people sometimes die. The profound effect on the patient’s families and the healthcare staff involved is clear (Vincent and Coulter, 2002), while further consequences are felt by the institution involved, both financially and by damage to reputation. The trend in healthcare for learning through experience of adverse events is no longer a viable philosophy (Department of Health,Sir Ian Carruthers OBE and Pauline Philip, 2006). In order to make progress towards preventative learning, three Prospective Hazard Analysis (PHA) methods used in other industries were evaluated for use in the area of ward based healthcare. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) were compared to each other in terms of ease of use, information they provide and the manner in which it is presented. Their results were also compared to baseline data produced through empirical research. Oxygen Therapy was used in this research as an example of a common ward based therapy. The resulting analysis listed 186 hazards almost all of which could lead to death, especially if combined. FTA and FMEA provided better system coverage than HAZOP and identified more hazards than were contained in the initial hazard identification method common to both techniques. FMEA and HAZOP needed some modification before use, with HAZOP requiring the most extensive adjustment. FTA has a very useful graphical presentation and was the only method capable of displaying causal linkage, but required that hazards be translated into events for analysis. It was concluded that formal Prospective Hazard Analysis (PHA) was applicable to this area of healthcare and presented added value through a combination of detailed information on possible hazards and accurate risk assessment based on a combination of expert opinion and empirical data. This provides a mechanism for evidence based identification of hazard barriers and safeguards as well as a method for formal communication of results at any stage of an analysis. It may further provide a very valuable vehicle for documented learning through prospective analysis incorporating feedback from previous experience and adverse incidents. The clear definition of systems and processes that form part of these methods provides a valuable opportunity for learning and the enduring capture and dissemination of tacit knowledge that can be continually updated and used for the formulation of strategies for safety and quality improvement.
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Orosco, Ttamiña Angel Luis. "Síndrome de Burnout en internos de medicina y su relación con auto-reporte de errores médicos en atención brindada en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza - 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9789.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor<br>Determina la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en la población de internos de medicina del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza (HNAL) en el periodo 2013 y su relación de aquel con el auto-reporte de errores médicos. Se realiza un estudio transversal en 118 internos al final de su internado a los cuales de forma anónima se aplica la encuesta validada al español “Maslach Burnout Inventory” para profesionales de la salud (Human Services Survey “MBI- HSS”) además de un cuestionario de 6 preguntas orientadas a evaluación de auto-reporte de errores médicos durante el internado y 6 preguntas en relación a datos laborales/ demográficos. La tasa de respuesta es de 69.5%. La prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout encontrada es de 63.5% (52 internos) (IC 95%: 52.6- 73.02%), mientras que el 40% (33 internos) (IC 95%: 30.29-51.06%) reportaron haber cometido al menos un error médico durante el tiempo de internado. En el análisis estadístico se encuentra asociación significativa entre dichas variables, por otro lado se encuentra que los internos de medicina afectados con el síndrome de Burnout (OR: 8.196, intervalo de confianza al 95%: 2.50- 26.84) presentan 8 veces mas riesgo de cometer errores médicos en relación a quienes no lo presentan. No se encuentra asociación significativa entre los factores demográficos/ laborales y la presentación del síndrome de Burnout. Concluye que el síndrome de Burnout se presenta en más de 6 por cada 10 internos de medicina. Las condiciones demográficas/laborales no están asociadas con el mismo. El auto-reporte de errores médicos está asociado a la presencia del síndrome de Burnout. Sin embargo es necesario el estudio de otros factores asociados, ya que el no diagnóstico y/o tratamiento condiciona a resultados adversos para la persona y los pacientes que estos atienden. Se requiere mayor estudio del tema, con poblaciones más grandes e incluyendo variables adicionales.<br>Tesis
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Polisena, Julie. "Factors that Influence the Recognition, Reporting, and Resolution of Incidents Related to Medical Devices and an Investigation of the Continuous Quality Improvement Data Automatically Reported by Wireless Smart Infusion Pumps." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33414.
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Medical devices are used to diagnose, treat, or prevent a disease or abnormal physical condition without any chemical action in the body. They can also result in unintended incidents and other errors. This thesis was divided into three chapters: i) a systematic review on the recognition, reporting and resolution of incidents related to medical devices and other health technologies; ii) telephone interviews with physicians and registered nurses (RNs) to solicit information on the resolution, reporting and resolution of medical device-related incidents based on their professional experience; and iii) a case study to review the continuous quality improvement (CQI) data retrieved from the wireless smart infusion pump system at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH) and to propose a CQI data analysis process. The systematic review included 30 studies on factors that influence the recognition, reporting and resolution of incidents in hospitals and interventions to improve patient safety. Central themes that emerged for incident reporting were personal attitudes, awareness and perception of incident reporting systems, organizational culture, and feedback to healthcare professionals. In our telephone interviews, physicians and RNs attributed incident recognition to devices not operating based on the manufacturer’s instructions, and to the hospital staff’s knowledge of and professional experience with the use of the medical device, and clinical manifestations of patients. Suggestions to improve medical device safety surveillance centered on education and training to ensure that the staff is able to use the medical device properly and know what would be considered an error, and how to report these errors. The results of the systematic review and interviews helped to inform the design of a medical device surveillance framework in a hospital setting. Our case study assessed the Dose Error Reduction Software compliance and frequency of soft and hard limit alerts with wireless smart infusion pump systems over a one year period. A CQI data analysis process to monitor the performance of wireless smart infusion pumps is proposed. The findings of this doctoral thesis can contribute to the development of a medical device surveillance system that would help to improve health care delivery and patient safety in a health care institution.
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Oliveira, Luiz Rogério Monteiro de. "Os laudos periciais nas ações judiciais por erro médico: uma análise crítica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-03042013-082111/.
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A proposta deste trabalho é fazer uma apreciação crítica dos laudos periciais realizados em ações judiciais de responsabilidade civil por alegado erro médico. A prova pericial deve orientar o julgador para que este possa fixar os limites da responsabilidade do médico ou profissional de saúde. O perito deve responder adequadamente as questões discutidas no processo, bem como trazer ao juiz os elementos que considerar úteis ou necessários para auxiliar a decisão judicial. Na parte teórica são estudados os campos de apuração da responsabilidade por erro médico, os pressupostos da responsabilidade civil, os tipos de prova que podem ser produzidos no processo, quais são os elementos essenciais do laudo pericial e os critérios que devem ser usados pelo perito para determinar se estão presentes os requisitos do dever de indenizar. Em seguida, utilizando-se dados obtidos em processos judiciais, são abordados os aspectos mais relevantes nas ações desta espécie, como a incidência dos tipos de dano alegados pelos autores, as especialidades médicas mais acionadas judicialmente, o tempo médio entre o ajuizamento da ação e a sentença judicial e a relevância dos laudos nas decisões judiciais observadas. Ao final, é realizada uma análise crítica dos conteúdos dos laudos, verificando se eles contêm todos os elementos recomendados e descritos na parte teórica, fazendo-se críticas sobre se eles cumpriram sua função de forma adequada e propondo instrumentos para seu aperfeiçoamento.<br>The aim of this work is to do a critical appreciation of the expert reports in judicial proceedings for alleged medical malpractice. The expert report should guide the judge and help to determine the limits of the physician\'s or health professional\'s responsibility. The expert must answer appropriately the questions discussed in the lawsuit, as well as bringing the elements that he or she might consider useful or necessary to aid the judicial decision. The theoretical section concerns the medical malpractice responsibility verification, the presupposed civil responsibility, the kinds of proof that can be produced in the process, what are the essential elements of the expert report, and which criteria that should be used by the expert to determine if the requirements of the duty of compensating are present. Then, using data obtained from judicial proceedings, the most important aspects in this kind of lawsuit are exposed, such as the incidence of types of damage alleged by the authors, the most prosecuted medical specialties, the average time between the beginning of the action and the judicial sentence, and the relevance of the expert reports in the observed judicial decisions. At the end, a critical analysis of the reports is accomplished, verifying if they contain all the recommended elements described in the theoretical part, criticizing the accomplishment of their function, and proposing instruments for their improvement.
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Pulgret, Lukáš. "Návrh metodiky šetření příčin leteckých nehod zaviněných lidským činitelem v malém letectví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417514.
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This Master´s thesis examines Investigation of aircraft accidents / incidents, which were caused by human error. My thesis is focused on fixed wing aircrafts with maximum take off weight up to 2500 kg. Practices of Aircraft accident / incident Investigation are described in Annex L13 which is document published by Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic. This document provides some support for investigators but does not contain methodology which should be used to discover human error by which the accident / incident was caused. This thesis has two major purposes. First purpose is to analyze Final reports of investigations and suggest improvements which can be made. Second goal of this thesis is to create own methodology for investigating the causes of aviation accidents / incidents caused by human factor.
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Ivarsson, Gabriella, and Emelie Forsblom. "Man över bord : En analys av olyckor med beredskapsbåtar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52233.
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Fartygets beredskapsbåt är en viktig del i sjöräddningsarbetet för att till exempel rädda en nödställd person ur vattnet, men dessvärre sker olyckor i samband med användandet av denna. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka varför olyckor med beredskapsbåtar inträffar, genom att analysera haverirapporter om beredskapsbåtsolyckor ombord på fartyg med anknytning till Europa. 13 rapporter analyserades med hjälp av HFACS-MA-modellen. Metoden kategoriserar orsaker till olyckor och har givit en bild av vilka faktorer som varit de mest frekvent bidragande i de undersökta olycksfallen. Resultatet visade att fel och brister i konstruktionen (av till exempel dävert, krok och säkerhetsbrytare), otillräcklig eller obefintlig dokumentation inom organisationen (checklistor, manualer och instruktioner) och den fysiska arbetsplatsen (hur arbetsplatsen var utformad) var de främsta orsakerna till att olyckor med beredskapsbåtar inträffade. Av resultatet framgick även att kategorin förutsättningar, som till exempel yttre miljö och kommunikation, var en stor bidragande faktor.<br>The ship's rescue boat is an important part of search and rescue, for example to rescue a person in distress from the water, but unfortunately accidents happen in conjunction with the use of the boat. The purpose of this essay was to investigate why accidents with rescue boats occur by analyzing accident reports involving rescue boat accidents on ships with a connection to Europe. 13 reports were analyzed with the HFACS-MA model. The method categorizes the causes of accidents and has provided a picture of the factors that have been most contributory in the investigated accidents. The result showed that deficiencies in the design (for example davit, hook and breaker), insufficient or nonexistent documentation within the organization (checklists, manuals and instructions) and the function of the physical workplace, were the main reasons for why accidents involving rescue boats occur. The result also showed that the category preconditions, such as the external environment and communication, was a major contributing factor.
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Ribon, Aurélien. "Amélioration du processus de vérification des architectures générées à l'aide d'outils de synthèse de haut-niveau." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14719/document.
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L'augmentation de la capacité d'intégration des circuits a permis le développement des systèmes de plus en plus complexes. De cette complexité sont nés des besoins conséquents quant aux méthodes de conception et de vérification. Les outils de synthèse de haut-niveau (HLS) sont une des réponses à ces besoins. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont pour cadre l'amélioration du processus de vérification des architectures matérielles synthétisées par HLS. En particulier, ils proposent une méthode pour la transformation des assertions booléennes spécifiées dans la description algorithmique d'une application en moniteurs matériels pour la simulation. Une deuxième méthode est proposée. Elle cible la synthèse automatique d'un gestionnaire d'erreurs matériel dont le rôle est d'archiver les erreurs survenant dans un circuit en fonctionnement réel, ainsi que leurs contextes d'exécution<br>The fast growing complexity of hardware circuits, during the last three decades, has change devery step of their development cycle. Design methods evolved a lot, and this evolutionwas necessary to cope with an always shorter time-to-market, mainly driven by the internationalcompetition.An increased complexity also means more errors, harder to find corner-cases, and morelong and expensive simulations. The verification of hardware systems requires more andmore resources, and is the main cost factor of the whole development of a circuit. Since thecomplexity of any system increases, the cost of an error undetected until the foundry stepbecame prohibitive. Therefore, the verification process is divided between multiple stepsinvolved at every moment of the design process : comparison of models behavior, simulationof RTL descriptions, formal analysis of algorithms, assertions usage, etc. The verificationmethodologies evolved a lot, in order to follow the progress of design methods. Somemethods like the Assertion-Based Verification became so important that they are nowwidely adopted among the developers community, providing near-source error detection.Thus, the work described here aims at improving the assertion-based verification process,in order to offer a consequent timing improvment to designers. Two contributions aredetailed. The first one deals with the transformation of Boolean assertions found in algorithmicdescriptions into equivalent temporal assertions in the RTL description generatedby high-level synthesis (HLS) methodologies. Therefore, the assertions are usable duringthe simulation process of the generated architectures. The second contribution targets theverification of hardware systems in real-time. It details the synthesis process of a hardwareerror manager, which has to save and serialize the execution context when an error isdetected. Thus, it is easier to understand the cause of an error and to find its source. Theerrors and their contexts are serialized as reports in a memory readable by the system ordirectly by the designer. The behavior of a circuit can be analyzed without requiring anyprobe or integrated logic analyzer
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Siegelman, Lia. "Ageostrophic dynamics in the ocean interior A correction for the thermal mass–induced errors of CTD tags mounted on marine mammals, in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 35 (6), June 2018 Submesoscale ocean fronts act as biological hotspot for southern elephant seal, in Scientific Reports 9, 2019 Ocean‐scale interactions from space, in Earth and Space Science 6(5), May 2019 Correction and accuracy of high- and low-resolution CTD data from animal-borne instruments, in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36 (5), May 2019 Diagnosing ocean‐wave‐turbulence interactions from space, in Geophysical Research Letters 46(15), August 2019 Sub‐mesoscale fronts modify elephant seals foraging behavior, in Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 4(6), December 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0094.
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L'océan est le plus grand réservoir d'énergie solaire de notre planète. La quantité de chaleur qu'il est capable de stocker est modulée par sa circulation complexe, opérant sur une vaste gamme d’échelles allant du centimètre à la dizaine de milliers de kilomètres. Cette thèse s'intéresse à deux types de processus océaniques: les tourbillons de mésoéchelle, d'une taille de 100 à 300 km, et les fronts de sous-mésoéchelle, d'une taille inférieure à 50 km. L'idée communément admise est que les mouvements agéostrophiques de sous-mésoéchelle sont principalement confinés à la couche de mélange océanique de surface et sont faibles dans l'océan intérieur. Cette vision classique de la dynamique océanique repose sur l'hypothèse que l'océan intérieur est en équilibre quasi-géostrophique, empêchant la formation de forts gradients de densité en profondeur. Cette thèse remet en question ce paradigme en se basant sur des observations CTD in situ à haute résolution collectées par des éléphants de mer instrumentés, des images satellite d’élévation de la surface de l’océan, et des sorties de modèle à haute résolution dans le Courant Circumpolaire Antarctique.Les résultats indiquent que les mouvements agéostrophiques sont (i) générés par le champ tourbillonnaire de mésoéchelle via des processus defrontogenèse, et (ii) ne sont pas limités à la couche de mélange de surface ; bien au contraire, ils pénètrent dans l'océan intérieur jusqu'à 1000 m deprofondeur. Ces fronts agéostrophiques de sous-mésoéchelle sont associés à d'importants flux de chaleur dirigés de l'intérieur de l'océan vers la surface, d'une amplitude comparable aux flux air-mer.Cet effet peut potentiellement altérer la capacité de stockage de chaleur de l'océan et devrait être le plus fort dans les zones tourbillonnaires telles que le Courant Circumpolaire Antarctique, le Kuroshio et le Gulf Stream, les trois courants clefs du système climatique. Il apparaît ainsi que les fronts agéostrophiques de sous-mésoéchelle représentent une voie importante, mais encore largement méconnue, pour le transport de chaleur, de nutriments et de gaz entre l'intérieur et la surface de l'océan, avec des répercussions potentiellement majeures pour les systèmes biogéochimique et climatique<br>The ocean is the largest solar energy collector on Earth. The amount of heat it can store is modulated by its complex circulation, which spans a broad range of spatial scales, from centimeters to thousands of kilometers. This dissertation investigates two types of physical processes: mesoscale eddies (100-300 km size) and submesoscale fronts (£ 50 km size). To date, ageostrophic submesoscale motions are thought to be mainly trapped within the ocean surface mixed layer, and to be weak in the ocean interior. This is because, in the classical paradigm, motions below the mixed layer are broadly assumed to be in quasigeostrophic balance, preventing the formation of strong buoyancy gradients at depth. This dissertation introduces a paradigm shift; based on a combination of high-resolution in situ CTD data collected by instrumented elephant seals, satellite observations of sea surface height, and high-resolution model outputs in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, we show that ageostrophic motions (i) are generated by the backgound mesoscale eddy field via frontogenesis processes, and (ii) are not solely confined to the ocean surface mixed layer but, rather, can extend in the ocean interior down to depths of 1 000 m. Deepreaching ageostrophic fronts are shown to drive an anomalous upward heat transport from the ocean interior back to the surface that is larger than other contributions to vertical heat transport and of comparable magnitude to air-sea fluxes. This effect can potentially alter oceanic heat uptake and will be strongest in eddy-rich regions such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Kuroshio Extension, and the Gulf Stream, all of which are key players in the climate system. As such, ageostrophic fronts at submesoscale provide an important, yet unexplored, pathway for the transport of heat, chemical and biological tracers, between the ocean interior and the surface, with potential major implications for the biogeochemical and climate systems
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Star, Kristina. "Safety of Medication in Paediatrics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197323.
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Background: In paediatrics, the limited documentation to guide medication, the lack of suitable dosage forms, and the continuous development in childhood present a scenario where safety of medication is a particular challenge. Aim: To explore reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the challenges in prescribing and administering medicines in paediatrics, in order to identify and suggest areas needing international surveillance within medication safety and improvement in the clinical setting. Methods: Four exploratory studies were conducted. Worldwide reporting of suspected ADRs (individual case safety reports, ICSR) with ages 0-17 years were examined overall. Twenty published case reports and ICSRs for adolescents, who developed a rare and incompletely documented ADR (rhabdomyolysis) during antipsychotic medicine use, were analysed in-depth. Prescribed doses of anti-inflammatory medicines were studied in a UK electronic health record database. Transcribed focus group interviews with 20 registered nurses from four paediatric wards in Sweden were analysed for factors that may promote or hinder safe medication practices. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and content analyses were used. Results: Although, skin reactions and anti-infective medicines were most frequently reported, and more reported in paediatric patients than in adults, medication errors and adverse reactions related to psychostimulant medicines were reported with increased frequency during 2005 to February 2010. The in-depth case analysis emphasised the need for increased vigilance following changes in patients’ medicine regimens, and indicated that ICSRs could contribute with clinically valuable information. Prescribed dose variations were associated with type of dosage form. Tablets and capsules were prescribed with a higher dose than liquid dosage forms. Six themes emerged from the interviews: preparation and administration was complex; medication errors caused considerable psychological burden; support from nurse colleagues was highly valued; unfamiliar medication was challenging; clear dose instructions were important; nurses handling medications needed to be accorded higher priority. Conclusions: Age-specific screening of ICSRs and the use of ICSRs to enhance knowledge of ADRs and medication errors need to be developed. Access to age-appropriate dosage forms is important when prescribing medicines to children. To improve medication safety practices in paediatric care, interdisciplinary collaborations across hospitals on national or even global levels are needed.
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Vidal, E. Jair, Daily Alvarez, Dalia Martinez-Velarde, et al. "Perceived stress and high fat intake: A study in a sample of undergraduate students." Public Library of Science, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623068.
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Objectives Different studies have reported the association between perceived stress and unhealthy diet choices. We aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between perceived stress and fat intake among undergraduate medical students. Methods/Principal findings A cross-sectional study was performed including first-year medical students. The outcome of interest was the self-report of fat intake assessed using the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat Intake (high vs. low intake), whereas the exposure was perceived stress (low/ normal vs. high levels). The prevalence of high fat intake was estimated and the association of interest was determined using prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Models were created utilizing Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Data from 523 students were analyzed, 52.0% female, mean age 19.0 (SD 1.7) years. The prevalence of high fat intake was 42.4% (CI: 38.2%–46.7%). In multivariate model and compared with those with lowest levels of stress, those in the middle (PR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.20–2.12) and highest (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.46–2.53) categories of perceived stress had greater prevalence of fat intake. Gender was an effect modifier of this association (p = 0.008). Conclusions Greater levels of perceived stress were associated with higher fat intake, and this association was stronger among males. More than 40% of students reported having high fat consumption. Our results suggest the need to implement strategies that promote decreased fat intake.
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Thompson, John E. "Investigation of licensee event reports related to human errors in U.S. pressurized water reactor plants." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12812465.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-192).
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Dykema, Jennifer. "Analysis of factors influencing errors in self-reports about child support and other family-related variables." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/61841762.html.
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Madhavan, Devadasan. "Cockpit task management errors : an ASRS incident report study." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36121.
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The flightcrew of a modern airliner operates in a multi-tasking environment with
several tasks competing for the same attentional resources at the same time. Too many
tasks vying for the crew's attention concurrently imposes a heavy workload on the
flightcrew. This results in the satisfactory execution of some tasks at the expense of
others. Consequently, flightcrews must manage cockpit tasks a process we call Cockpit
Task Management (CTM). Funk (1991) defines cockpit task management (CTM) as the
process flightcrews use to prioritize cockpit tasks, allocate required resources, initiate
and terminate multiple concurrent tasks.
Despite improvements in aircraft reliability and advancements in aircraft cockpit
automation, "pilot error" is cited as the main reason (over 60% of all aircraft accidents)
for planes still falling out of the skies. One of the objectives of this research was to
determine the significance of CTM errors in "pilot errors". Having established its
significance, the next step was to refine the existing error taxonomy of Chou & Funk
(1991). A structured error classification methodology was also developed for classifying
CTM errors and validated using 470 Aviation safety Reporting System (ASRS) airline
incident reports.
This study identified CTM errors as a significant component of "pilot errors"
accounting for 231 of the 470 incidents analyzed (49.2%). While Task Initiation errors
accounted for the largest of the general error categories (41.5%), it was the Task
Prioritization errors (35% of general and specific error categories) that unlocked the door
that led to error committals in the other error categories. Task Prioritization errors led to
Resource allocation errors which, in turn, resulted in several kinds of errors being
committed in the other categories.
The findings had implications that were largely training-based. In particular, the
importance of pilot education which CTM provides (as opposed to crew training that
CRM provides) is emphasized. The incorporation of formal CTM concept into existing
CRM training programs was advocated. In addition, a staggered scheduling mechanism
in crew training agenda involving CTM, CRM, Line-Oriented-Flight-Training (LOFT)
and simulator sessions was suggested. A recommendation was made for a
comprehensive Cockpit Task Management System (CTMS) to be installed in the cockpit
to help crews to prioritize tasks and remind them of the need to initiate, terminate or reprioritize
tasks as necessary. The inclusion of Air Traffic Control personnel in flightcrew
training sessions was also recommended.<br>Graduation date: 1994
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Williams, Darren. "Monitoring expense report errors control charts under independence and dependence /." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/williams%5Fdarren%5Fa%5F200405%5Fms.
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"The impact of the errors of equating and errors of measurement on the reported scores." FORDHAM UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3308284.
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Swanepoel, Rene. "The estimation and presentation of standard errors in a survey report." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25007.
Full textAbstract:
The vast number of different study variables or population characteristics and the different domains of interest in a survey, make it impractical and almost impossible to calculate and publish standard errors for each estimated value of a population variable or characteristic and each domain individually. Since estimated values are subject to statistical variation (resulting from the probability sampling), standard errors may not be omitted from the survey report. Estimated values can be evaluated only if their precision is known. The purpose of this research project is to study the feasibility of mathematical modeling to estimate the standard errors of estimated values of population parameters or characteristics in survey data sets and to investigate effective and user-friendly presentation methods of these models in reports. The following data sets were used in the investigation: • October Household Survey (OHS) 1995 - Workers and Household data set • OHS 1996 - Workers and Household data set • OHS 1997 - Workers and Household data set • Victims of Crime Survey (VOC) 1998 The basic methodology consists of the estimation of standard errors of the statistics considered in the survey for a variety of domains (such as the whole country, provinces, urban/rural areas, population groups, gender and age groups as well as combinations of these). This is done by means of a computer program that takes into consideration the complexity of the different sample designs. The direct calculated standard errors were obtained in this way. Different models are then fitted to the data by means of regression modeling in the search for a suitable standard error model. A function of the direct calculated standard error value served as the dependent variable and a function of the size of the statistic served as the independent variable. A linear model, equating the natural logarithm of the coefficient of relative variation of a statistic to a linear function of the natural logarithm of the size of the statistic, gave an adequate fit in most of the cases. Well-known tests for the occurrence of outliers were applied in the model fitting procedure. For each observation indicated as an outlier, it was established whether the observation could be deleted legitimately (e.g. when the domain sample size was too small, or the estimate biased). Afterwards the fitting procedure was repeated. The Australian Bureau of Statistics also uses the above model in similar surveys. They derived this model especially for variables that count people in a specific category. It was found that this model performs equally well when the variable of interest counts households or incidents as in the case of the VOC. The set of domains considered in the fitting procedure included segregated classes, mixed classes and cross-classes. Thus, the model can be used irrespective of the type of subclass domain. This result makes it possible to approximate standard errors for any type of domain with the same model. The fitted model, as a mathematical formula, is not a user-friendly presentation method of the precision of estimates. Consequently, user-friendly and effective presentation methods of standard errors are summarized in this report. The suitability of a specific presentation method, however, depends on the extent of the survey and the number of study variables involved.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Mathematical Statistics))--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Mathematics and Applied Mathematics<br>unrestricted
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Yu-Ching, Wu, and 吳侑靜. "《Error marriage》 the report of play and creation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r54966.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>戲劇學系<br>99<br>This drama, Error Marriage, is an adaptation from the Féng Yān Biography, a novel written during the Tang Dynasty. According to reduced writing style found in the framework of this thesis you are able to recreate from Feng Yen biography. Towards the end of the Féng Yān Biography it brings up the following question: “However, Féng Yān killed the impure women and confessed his crime. So was he a real hero?” Why can Féng Yān be a hero, be an adulterer and kill people? The heroine in Féng Yān Biography settled an affair and ruthless position, but belittled the personality of the heroine. My thesis will research the relationship between the roles in Féng Yān Biography, and measure the contrast between Féng Yān Poem and Shui Tiao Chi Bian. My thesis creates a new point of view from these books.
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Li, Shao-Hao, and 李紹豪. "Automatic error detection for a Table report by geometry correction." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5dh4cj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>資訊工程系碩士在職專班<br>103<br>Computerized operations are universal trend, but some tasks must rely on manual work to achieve the goal. For example, instead of using computers, most psychological counselors take notes for patient’s state in record sheets and manually key in records afterward. However, mistakes are inevitably occurred in the manual process, such as typing errors or incorrect information on the sheets. Even proofreading the correctness of the information would seriously extend working time. Therefore, in this study we present an automatic debugging method for a particular Table format. Through a series of image processes, including edge detection, geometric correction and pattern matching, the Table information is automatically interpreted. Thus some manual operations can be saved and thus the performance in respect of time and accuracy can be improved.
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"The role of organizational culture and barriers to reporting medication administration errors as predictors of perceived percentage of medication administration errors reported by registered nurses." Tulane University, 2007.
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Sears, Kimberley Anne. "The relationship between the nursing work environment and the occurrence of reported paediatric medication administration errors." 2009. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=968402&T=F.
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Pequegnat, Victoria. "An analysis of health information technology-related adverse events: technology-induced errors and vendor reported solutions." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11027.
Full textAbstract:
Health information technology has been widely accepted as having the potential to decrease the prevalence of adverse events and improve workflows and communication between healthcare workers. However, the emergence of health technologies has introduced a new type of medical error. Technology-induced errors are a type of medical error that can result from the use of health information technology in all stages of the health information systems life cycle. The purpose of this study is to identify what types of technology-induced errors are present in the key health information technology vendors in the United States, determine if there are any similarities and differences in technology-induced errors present among the key health information technology vendors in the United States, and determine what methods are utilized, if any, by the key vendors of health information technologies to address and/or resolve reported technology-induced errors. This study found that the most commonly reported technology-induced errors are those related to unexpected system behaviours, either through their direct use or through the communication between systems. It was also found that there is a large difference in the number of adverse events being reported by the key health information technology vendors. Just three vendors represent 85% of the adverse events included in this study. Finally, this study found that there are vendors who are posting responses to reported technology-induced errors and these vendors are most commonly following up with software updates and notifications of safety incidents. This study highlights the importance of analyzing adverse event reports in order to understand the types of technology-induced errors that are present in health information technology.<br>Graduate
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Wilson, Jennifer Rae. "The effect of automation on the frequency of Task Prioritization errors on commercial aircraft flight decks : an ASRS incident report study." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33661.
Full textAbstract:
Task Management (TM) refers to the function in which the human operator
manages his/her available sensory and mental resources in a dynamic, complex, safety-critical
environment in order to accomplish the multiple tasks competing for a limited
quantity of attention. There is reason to believe that the level of automation on the
commercial aircraft flight deck may effect TM, however to date there has been little
research that directly addresses this effect. Thus, the primary objective of this study was
to begin evaluating the relationship between TM of commercial airline pilots and the
level of automation on the flight deck by determining how automation affects the
frequency of Task Prioritization errors as reported in Aviation Safety Reporting System
(ASRS) incident reports. The secondary objective of this study was to create a
methodology that modeled an effective way to use ASRS incident report data in an
inferential analysis.
Two samples of ASRS incident reports were compared. The first sample was
composed of 210 incident reports submitted by pilots flying advanced technology aircraft
and the second sample was composed of 210 incident reports submitted by pilots flying
traditional technology aircraft. To help avoid confounding effects, the two samples were
further divided into three sub-samples each made up of 70 reports submitted during a
specified time period: 1988-1989, 1990-1991, and 1992-1993. Each incident report was
analyzed using an incident analysis form designed specifically for this study. This form
allowed the analyst to classify the incident report as either containing a Task
Prioritization error or not based on the narrative of the report.
Twenty-eight incident reports from the advanced technology sample and 15 from the traditional technology sample were classified as containing Task Prioritization errors. Using the Chi Square (x��) test and a significance level of 0.05, this difference was found to be statistically significant.<br>Graduation date: 1998
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Ward, J. K., and Gerry R. Armitage. "Can patients report patient safety incidents in a hospital setting? A systematic review." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7046.
Full textAbstract:
No<br>INTRODUCTION: Patients are increasingly being thought of as central to patient safety. A small but growing body of work suggests that patients may have a role in reporting patient safety problems within a hospital setting. This review considers this disparate body of work, aiming to establish a collective view on hospital-based patient reporting. STUDY OBJECTIVES: This review asks: (a) What can patients report? (b) In what settings can they report? (c) At what times have patients been asked to report? (d) How have patients been asked to report? METHOD: 5 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, (Kings Fund) HMIC and PsycINFO) were searched for published literature on patient reporting of patient safety 'problems' (a number of search terms were utilised) within a hospital setting. In addition, reference lists of all included papers were checked for relevant literature. RESULTS: 13 papers were included within this review. All included papers were quality assessed using a framework for comparing both qualitative and quantitative designs, and reviewed in line with the study objectives. DISCUSSION: Patients are clearly in a position to report on patient safety, but included papers varied considerably in focus, design and analysis, with all papers lacking a theoretical underpinning. In all papers, reports were actively solicited from patients, with no evidence currently supporting spontaneous reporting. The impact of timing upon accuracy of information has yet to be established, and many vulnerable patients are not currently being included in patient reporting studies, potentially introducing bias and underestimating the scale of patient reporting. The future of patient reporting may well be as part of an 'error detection jigsaw' used alongside other methods as part of a quality improvement toolkit.
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Ching-Wen, Hsu, and 許瀞文. "The Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility Report Disclosure Quality and Analyst Forecast Error : Empirical Study from Listed Companies in China." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xb4xbx.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>國際財務金融碩士在職專班<br>103<br>This study examines the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility report (CSR) disclosure quality and the analyst forecast error (FERROR). The research samples are listed companies in China with CSR evaluation reports in 2013. We conclude the relationship between the analyst EPS forecast error and CSR disclosure quality by using regression analysis .
Using China Ranking CSR Ratings database (RKS) to construct the CSR ratings performance and define whether a better CSR disclosure quality or not according to CSR rating performance in RKS. We investigate the relationship between CSR disclosure quality and the analyst forecast error with more financial opaqueness firms.
The empirical results show that CSR disclosure quality higher firms make analyst forecast error less . In other words, CSR disclosure quality higher firms that analyst can make correctly predict the firms’ future profit status. Meanwhile, among the firms with more opaque financial disclosure, this study has also found the higher CSR firms disclosure quality have, the lower effects the analyst forecast errors have. Besides, the results of the analysis on different stock exchanges exhibit the effects to lower the analyst forecast errors from the listed companies with CSR disclosure quality higher in Shanghai Stock Exchange can be better than the companies listed in Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
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Harper, Michelle Loren. "The aviation safety action program : assessment of the threat and error management model for improving the quantity and quality of reported information." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3061.
Full textAbstract:
The Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) is a voluntary, non-jeopardy reporting program supported by commercial airlines. The program provides pilots with a way to report unsafe occurrences, including their own errors, without risk of punitive action on the part of the airlines or the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Through a set of on-site visits to airlines with ASAP programs, deficiencies were identified in the way airlines collect ASAP reports from pilots. It was concluded that these deficiencies might be limiting the ability of airlines to identify hazards contributing to reported safety events. The purpose of this research was to determine if the use of an ASAP reporting form based on a human factors model, referred to as the Threat and Error Management (TEM) model, would result in pilots providing a larger quantity and higher quality of information as compared to information provided by pilots using a standard ASAP reporting form. The TEM model provides a framework for a taxonomy that includes factors related to safety events pilots encounter, behaviors and errors they make, and threats associated with the complexities of their operational environment. A comparison of reports collected using the TEM Reporting Form and a standard reporting form demonstrated that narrative descriptions provided by pilots using the TEM Reporting Form included both a larger quantity and higher quality of information. Quantity of information was measured by comparing the average word count of the narrative descriptions. Quality of information was measured by comparing the discriminatory power of the words in the narrative descriptions and the extent to which the narrative descriptions from the two sets of reports contributed to a set of latent concepts. The findings suggest that the TEM Reporting Form can help pilots provide longer descriptions, more relevant information related to safety hazards, and expand on concepts that contribute to reported safety events. The use of the TEM Reporting Form for the collection of ASAP reports should be considered by airlines as a preferred collection method for improving the quantity and quality of information reported by pilots through ASAP programs.<br>text
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Ribeiro, Carla Cristina Simões. "A questão dos erros sistemáticos nas previsões dos governos para a elaboração de documentos de política orçamental: o caso de Portugal." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/62559.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Economia<br>As previsões macroeconómicas são parte integrante dos documentos de política orçamental,
estas exprimem a avaliação da situação económica, no presente e as suas perspetivas futuras.
Contudo, frequentemente, os governantes tentam ocultar o real estado económico do seu país.
O recurso a previsões demasiado otimistas para as variáveis macroeconómicas, tem contribuído
para a descredibilização dos governos de vários países, nomeadamente dos europeus, e pode ter
contribuído para a ocorrência de défices, que muitas vezes têm uma resolução muito difícil.
Em Portugal, este fenómeno tem-se vindo a verificar e várias podem ser as razões. Com esta
investigação pretende-se entender, se existem razões económicas ou políticas que possam levar
ao enviesamento nas previsões, ou se a entrada em vigor do Pacto de Estabilidade e
Crescimento influenciou o enviesamento.
Testaram-se vários métodos de estimação e resultou mais adequado o método das regressões
aparentemente não relacionadas (SUR – Seemingly unrelated regression). Os resultados obtidos
sugerem que, entre os anos de 1981 e 2017, os erros nas previsões do défice e da taxa de
crescimento do PIB, foram influenciados não só pelo ciclo económico, como também por razões
políticas, nomeadamente em anos de eleições as previsões foram mais otimistas. A entrada em
vigor do Pacto de Estabilidade e Crescimento, também condicionou o enviesamento das
previsões.
Foi feito um alargamento do estudo de Portugal a mais países da União Europeia (Bélgica,
Espanha, França, Irlanda e Reino Unido). Os resultados revelaram que, para o conjunto dos
países, entre os anos de 1995 e 2017, os governos de esquerda fizeram previsões mais
otimistas tanto do saldo orçamental como da taxa de crescimento do PIB. Todavia, a criação de
Conselhos de Finanças Públicas, levou à diminuição do excesso de otimismo nos erros de
previsão do saldo orçamental. O ciclo económico influenciou os erros nas previsões, sendo que,
em anos em que o Hiato foi positivo isso se tornou mais notório.<br>Macroeconomic forecasts are an integral part of the budgetary policy documents, which express
the assessment of the economic situation at present and its future prospects. However, it has
often been noted that rulers try to hide the real economic status of their countries. Over-optimistic
forecasts of macroeconomic variables have been increasing. This has led to the discrediting of
governments in a number of countries, namely in European countries, and may be the cause of
successive deficits, which often have a very difficult resolution.
In Portugal, this phenomenon has occurred and several may be the reasons. This investigation
intends to understand if there are economic or political reasons that could lead to biases in the
forecasts, or if the entry into force of the Stability and Growth Pact influenced the biases.
Several estimation methods were tested and the method of SUR - Seemingly unrelated regression
considered to be the most appropriate. The results obtained suggest that, between 1981 and
2017, the forecasts errors in the deficit and GDP growth rate were influenced not only by the
economic cycle but also by political reasons, namely in elections years the forecasts were more
optimistic. The entry into force of the Stability and Growth Pact also led to bias in the forecasts.
An extension of the study of Portugal to more EU countries (Belgium, France, Ireland, Spain and
United Kingdom) was made. The results for the set of countries, between 1995 and 2017,
showed that left-wing governments made more optimistic forecasts of both the budget balance
and the GDP growth rate. However, the creation of the Public Finance Councils has led to a
decrease in the over-optimism in the deficit forecasts errors. The economic cycle influenced the
forecast errors, and in years in which the Output Gap was positive this became more notorious.