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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Representation design'
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Howard, Martin V. "Usefulness in representation design /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/tek753s.pdf.
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Rundqvist, Therése. "Kvinnors visuella representation inom rockbranschen." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för design, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42434.
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Denna studie fokuserar på kvinnors visuella representation inom musikindustrin med inriktning på rockbranschen. Studien ligger på 6847 ord och heter Kvinnors visuella representation inom rockbranschen. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på hur kvinnor representeras visuellt inom rockbranschen. Genom åren har man kunnat se att kvinnors representation inom musikindustrin varit bristande, redan under 90-talet undersökte man detta område och detta har fortsatt vara ett relevant ämne (Groce & Cooper, 1990; O'Sullivan, 2018). Men även fast att man forskat inom vad bristen på representation innebär för kvinnor så är det färre som gått in på just den visuella representationen. I denna uppsats valde man att jobba med en kvantitativ innehållsanalys då man undersökt hur många kvinnliga rockartister som planeras spela på konserter under 2021-2022 av två av de tre största konsertarrangörerna i Sverige och detta för att kunna granska hur pass stor visuell representation kvinnliga artister har. Denna studie följdes upp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där man anaylserade evenemangsbilderna som har kvinnliga artister för att se hur den visuella representationen visualiserades. Därefter fick man resultatet att kvinnor är underrepresenterade visuellt utifrån den statistik man tog fram från den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen. Vidare kunde man tolka utifrån den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen att visualiseringen av kvinnliga artister inte fyllde sin funktion då man kunde se att de var i ett tydligt utanförskap och att man kunde tyda på att the male gaze hade en tydlig roll i bilderna.
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Tarnoff, David. "Episode 3.06 – Fixed Point Binary Representation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/computer-organization-design-oer/22.
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Up to this point, we’ve limited our discussion to binary integers. In this episode, we are moving the curtain to reveal the powers of two to the right of the binary point in order to begin representing fractions.
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Kalkan, Sinan. "A Comparative Study Of Evolutionary Network Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1097518/index.pdf.
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In network design,
a communication network is optimized for a given set of parameters like
cost, reliability and delay.
This study analyzes network design problem using Genetic Algorithms in detail and makes
comparison of different approaches and representations.
Encoding of a problem is one of the most crucial design choices in
Genetic Algorithms. For network design problem, this study compares
adjacency matrix representation with list of edges representation.
Also, another problem is defining a fair fitness function that will
not favor one optimization parameter to the other. Multi-objective
optimization is a recommended solution for such problems. This study
describes and compares some of those approaches for different combinations
in network design problem.
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Remakrishnam, Sailesh. "Design rationale representation and testing." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063423/.
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Aude, J. S. "Design rule representation within a hardware design system." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377479.
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Giambroni, Caitlin A. "The Aesthetics of Representation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574717315842711.
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Tarnoff, David. "Episode 3.03 – An Introduction to Twos Complement Representation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/computer-organization-design-oer/19.
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Shum, Simon J. "A cognitive analysis of design rationale representation." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306290.
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Olislagers, Vincent. "Phantom Physicalizations Reinterpreting Dreams Through Physical Representation." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21291.
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This thesis begins with a philosophical question: What if we could amplify our waking experience with the aesthetic qualitiesof dreams? Through a discourse on experiential dream related aspects in philosophy, design and daily life it examines what itmeans, and has meant, to dream, and how these qualities already permeate the physical world. I hypothesize that objects capable of representing dream related physiological data as physical output have the potential to amplify our waking experience. To formulate a set of considerations for the design of such objects, an ethnographic study of dream experience, comprising a survey, a cultural probe study and interviews, has been conducted. The text concludes by exploring how dream elements like ambiguity, synesthetic sensibility, and affective self-exploration may benefit interaction design, raising questions about how digital media can facilitate personal, meaningful experiences.
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Soares, Gonçalo Ducla 1977. "Audio-visual frameworks for design process representation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28477.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100).
The design process is based on a recursive and iterative feedback between a designer's ideas and their physical representation. In most practices, this feedback takes place upon one single medium, which endows the designer with one single view on his ideas. However, having several views can contribute for a deeper and more informed critique of the physical representation of those ideas; ultimately it can lead to a better final product. In the first part of this study, the use of audio-visual interfaces as tools for representing the design process is proposed. The idea is to understand, through simulation, what beneficial effects a process based on multiple feedbacks can potentially have on the actual design. As such, five frameworks mapping graphics to sound were designed and implemented computationally. Although the referred interfaces were in fact designed as a means to support a claim, they mainly stand out as independent objects that carry a significance of their own. The second part of this research explores the relevance of these objects as media that yield new forms of audio-visual design, engage the user in design thinking, and support design education.
by Gonçalo Ducla-Soares.
S.M.
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Van, Baalen Jeffrey. "Steps towards a theory of representation design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39952.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989.Includes bibliographical references.
Supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research. N00014-85-K-0124
by Jeffrey Van Baalen.
Ph.D.
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Osborne, William George. "Data representation optimisation for reconfigurable hardware design." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9044.
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One of the challenges of designing hardware circuits is representing the data in an efficient way - minimising area and power while maximising clock frequency. There are several ways of representing variables, each with different characteristics, such as the effect arithmetic operations have on the absolute and relative error. In the first part of this thesis, a new method of transforming arithmetic by combining different numerical representations to exploit their advantages is discussed. The problem is formulated as a set of linear equations which are then solved to find the optimal solution. Algorithms that generate sub-optimal solutions are investigated because they take a fraction of the time to run. A new reconfigurable device structure is proposed based on the results presented. In this case, the accuracy of the original application is guaranteed to be met regardless of the input data. In many applications, guaranteeing that a transformed design has at least the same accuracy as the original is not a strong enough constraint. For this reason, the error on the output is guaranteed to be lower than a specified value. In the second part of this thesis, accuracy reduction is investigated with the goal of minimising circuit area. Energy-efficient run-time reconfigurable hardware is automatically created by systematically deactivating parts of the circuit based on the accuracy required. A model to determine the conditions under which reconfiguring the chip, if this is possible, is more energy-efficient than multiplexing is shown. The approach is expanded to general purpose processors; a new computational model - both software and hardware architecture - to reduce the energy of future devices is introduced.
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Atilola, Olufunmilola O. "The effects of representation and analogy on engineering idea generation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53436.
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The use of examples in idea generation is a common practice intended to provide inspiration from existing products to the designing of new ones. Examples can be taken from the Internet, engineering textbooks, analogical databases, literature, a company’s prior designs, or from a competitor company, prior work by the designer, and many other sources. These examples are represented in various ways, such as hand sketches, pictures, computer-aided designs (CAD), physical models, activity diagrams, shape grammars, text descriptions, etc. Design representations can also be broken down by function in the form of functional models and decompositions. The use of these visual or physical examples allows engineers to get a clearer picture of how a design or component works and enables them to have a better understanding of the overall design and function. Each representation has inherent advantages and disadvantages in the way that they portray a design.
Examples are sources for analogies. Analogies from nature, where biological organisms have solved challenging problems in novel ways, are very useful in engineering idea generation and solution retrieval. This process is called biologically inspired design. Engineers often use biologically inspired design to solve problems while increasing creativity and expanding the solution space. Using this method, engineers are able to learn from nature and apply biological principles to real world engineering problems to make effective designs and produce innovative solutions.
It is important to have a clearer understanding of how the use of the representations and characteristics of examples as external stimuli affect the idea generation process in engineering design. Understanding these processes will be invaluable in offering guidelines for how engineering design should be done and what types of external stimuli should be used to allow for innovation and creativity to be enhanced.
This dissertation presents four studies that focus on understanding ways that examples can be used to improve the idea generation process. Three of these studies focus on how the representation of externally imposed examples, which may be used as analogues, influences creativity during idea generation while also minimizing design fixation, which occurs when designers adhere to the features of their own initial design solutions or to features of existing examples. The fourth study focuses on the use of examples as sources for analogical mapping and how these examples produce innovative solutions during idea generation.
The first study compares CAD, sketch, and photograph representation presented individually. The second study compares CAD and sketch representation presented together, and the third study examines function tree and sketch representations. The fourth study looks at the real-world context and impact of examples used as sources for analogical mapping to inspire innovative solutions. The results of the studies show that CAD representations of good examples are effective in allowing engineers to identify the key working principles of a design and help to develop higher quality design concepts. CAD representations also cause more fixation to the example’s features. Function trees do not cause nor break fixation compared to a control condition, but do reduce fixation compared with sketches. Biological examples can be successfully used as analogues during engineering idea generation to create novel and effective design solutions to relevant and real-world engineering problems.
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Wilson, Miyako Watanabe. "The constrained object representation for engineering analysis integration." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17328.
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Tarnoff, David. "Episode 2.5 – Binary Representation of Analog Values: Fitting Infinite Inside a Computer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/computer-organization-design-oer/11.
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Computers don’t cope well with infinite, but that’s pretty much what the real world is about, limitless accuracy with as near to limitless boundaries as can be imagined. So how do we fit infinite inside the computer? That’s what this episode is about: converting analog measurements to binary with suitable accuracy. And we will do all of this with an eye to using these techniques later in our applications.
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Coulter, Stewart. "Representation of geometric constraints in parametric synthesis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17982.
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Forsberg, Anna. "Representation av kroppar : En analys av vilken representation av kvinnlighet och kroppar som syns i livsstilsmagasin riktade mot kvinnor." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-38995.
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Studien undersöker vilken representation av kvinnokroppar som står utanför den rådande smala kroppsnormen som presenteras i magasinet Amelia. Studien tar även upp hur synen på kvinnlighet och kroppar formas i media samt hur livsstilsmagasin är uppbyggda utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv. I studien användes semiotisk bildanalys av uppslag från tidningen Amelia, tillsammans med teorier om texthierarki och representation. Studien fann att Amelia, genom sitt val av bruk av visuell retorik, till större delen återskapade en traditionell representation av kvinnlighet och syn på tjocka kroppar. Att praktisera en kvinnlighet med fokus på utseende och relationer uppmuntrades av tidningen. I uppslagen blev de tjockare kvinnokroppar dels framhävda som avhumaniserade bärare av en idé och som kroppar som hade målet att bli smal kropp. I ett uppslag fick en tjock kropp agera utanför sin stereotypa bild, genom att träna och vara aktiv, och i ett uppslag var den tjocka kroppen neutralt representerad då ämnet i uppslaget ej berörde kroppar var uppslagets fokus.
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Waddoups, Linda Jane. "A binary representation for built forms." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343749.
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Hannu, Louise. "Representation inom barnens litterära värld : Normalisera icke-normativt innehåll." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79712.
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A lot of children’s books in today’s society are meant to create diversity with a more including content but it often leads to a content full of stereotypes. The books become stigmatized rather than representative of the diversity in different people. This is an issue since children learn a lot from books even in the technological world we live in right now. That is why the book Pim & Purpurfolket was made. This is the master thesis by Louise Hannu, at Luleå University of Technology is about analyzing and defying the ongoing trend of stereotypical content in children’s literature, by using a norm creative approach.I dagens samhälle finns det många böcker som är avsedda att skapa mångfald med ett mer inkluderande innehåll men detta leder ofta till ett innehåll fullt av stereotyper. Böckerna blir stigmatiserade snarare än representativa. Detta är ett stort problem då barn lär sig mycket via böcker, även i den teknologiska värld vi lever i just nu. Det är därför boken Pim & Purpurfolket gjordes. Detta examensarbete, skapat av Louise Hannu vid Luleå Tekniska Universitet, handlar om att analysera och trotsa den pågående, stereotypa trend inom barnens litterära värld genom att använda en normkreativ strategi.
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Hussain, Fiaz. "On the capture and representation of fonts." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7397.
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The commercial need to capture, process and represent the shape and form of an outline has lead to the development of a number of spline routines. These use a mathematical curve format that approximates the contours of a given shape. The modelled outline lends itself to be used on, and for, a variety of purposes. These include graphic screens, laser printers and numerically controlled machines. The latter can be employed for cutting foil, metal. plastic and stone. One of the most widely used software design packages has been the lKARUS system. This, developed by URW of Hamburg (Gennany), employs a number of mathematical descriptions that facilitate the process of both modelling and representation of font characters. It uses a variety of curve formats, including Bezier cubics, general conics and parabolics. The work reported in this dissertation focuses on developing improved techniques, primarily. for the lKARUS system. This includes two algorithms which allow a Bezier cubic description, two for a general conic representation and, yet another, two for the parabolic case. In addition, a number of algorithms are presented which promote conversions between these mathematical forms; for example, Bezier cubics to a general conic form. Furthennore, algorithms are developed to assist the process of rasterising both cubic and quadratic arcs.
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Sims, Anita Nanette. "The influence of representation on the design process." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22995.
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Harutunian, Vigain. "Representation methods for an axiomatic design process software." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39768.
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Roth, Shaun. "Representation of thermal energy in the design process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69734.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).
The goal of thermal design is to go beyond the comfort zone. In spatial design architects don't just look up square footage requirements and then draw a rectangle that satisfies the givens. There must be an interpretation. The requirements will be met. but there will be many other layers added. What is needed is a positive statement of thermal conditions that will support the architecture. An attempt must be made to actively design thermal delight rather than just hope that it happens. This thesis proposes a method in which thermal qualities are presented as opportunities to strengthen and enrich architectural meaning and experience. Representation of the variables of human comfort and pleasure can establish a thermal order that can be communicated just as conventional methods represent structural and spatial qualities. This method of generating and recording a thermal order consists of a qualitative and project specific set of thermal intentions that can be added to ASHRAE laboratory derived standards. Once established, this thermal order in conjunction with standard energy analysis tools becomes a part of one synthesis. To do this, the thesis will develop a general method and explore its use in a design project. In the present situation architects have the most advanced, efficient-low-impact technologies and powerful precise analytical tools ever available to the profession. The employment of these technologies requires a balanced attitude that values a human spirit as well as cost and efficiency. The use of energy-efficient technology needs to be considered phenomenologically. Good architecture respects mind, body, and all the senses. The material mass of a concrete environment at 68°F has a greater capacity to draw heat from a person than a 68°F environment of wood. The experience of the space becomes more than just visual or tactile, It is capable of changing the physical condition of the human body. This physical interaction with the environment is a essential part of architecture. The hypothesis is that through representation during the design process, an integral link betwe~n quantitative energy requirements and qualitative aspects of architectural meaning can be attained by the making of a thermal order. The objective is to find ways in which thermal energy issues and qualitative aspects of the design process can inform and support one another The project is a Public Pool for the city of Boston. The Public Pool is a building type that requires an extreme range of thermal conditions, a cultural presence, and a strong attitude about the interaction of the human body in architectural space.
by Shaun Roth.
M.Arch.
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Jia, Wei. "Image analysis and representation for textile design classification." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c667f279-d7a6-4670-b23e-c9dbe2784266.
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A good image representation is vital for image comparision and classification; it may affect the classification accuracy and efficiency. The purpose of this thesis was to explore novel and appropriate image representations. Another aim was to investigate these representations for image classification. Finally, novel features were examined for improving image classification accuracy. Images of interest to this thesis were textile design images. The motivation of analysing textile design images is to help designers browse images, fuel their creativity, and improve their design efficiency. In recent years, bag-of-words model has been shown to be a good base for image representation, and there have been many attempts to go beyond this representation. Bag-of-words models have been used frequently in the classification of image data, due to good performance and simplicity. “Words” in images can have different definitions and are obtained through steps of feature detection, feature description, and codeword calculation. The model represents an image as an orderless collection of local features. However, discarding the spatial relationships of local features limits the power of this model. This thesis exploited novel image representations, bag of shapes and region label graphs models, which were based on bag-of-words model. In both models, an image was represented by a collection of segmented regions, and each region was described by shape descriptors. In the latter model, graphs were constructed to capture the spatial information between groups of segmented regions and graph features were calculated based on some graph theory. Novel elements include use of MRFs to extract printed designs and woven patterns from textile images, utilisation of the extractions to form bag of shapes models, and construction of region label graphs to capture the spatial information. The extraction of textile designs was formulated as a pixel labelling problem. Algorithms for MRF optimisation and re-estimation were described and evaluated. A method for quantitative evaluation was presented and used to compare the performance of MRFs optimised using alpha-expansion and iterated conditional modes (ICM), both with and without parameter re-estimation. The results were used in the formation of the bag of shapes and region label graphs models. Bag of shapes model was a collection of MRFs' segmented regions, and the shape of each region was described with generic Fourier descriptors. Each image was represented as a bag of shapes. A simple yet competitive classification scheme based on nearest neighbour class-based matching was used. Classification performance was compared to that obtained when using bags of SIFT features. To capture the spatial information, region label graphs were constructed to obtain graph features. Regions with the same label were treated as a group and each group was associated uniquely with a vertex in an undirected, weighted graph. Each region group was represented as a bag of shape descriptors. Edges in the graph denoted either the extent to which the groups' regions were spatially adjacent or the dissimilarity of their respective bags of shapes. Series of unweighted graphs were obtained by removing edges in order of weight. Finally, an image was represented using its shape descriptors along with features derived from the chromatic numbers or domination numbers of the unweighted graphs and their complements. Linear SVM classifiers were used for classification. Experiments were implemented on data from Liberty Art Fabrics, which consisted of more than 10,000 complicated images mainly of printed textile designs and woven patterns. Experimental data was classified into seven classes manually by assigning each image a text descriptor based on content or design type. The seven classes were floral, paisley, stripe, leaf, geometric, spot, and check. The result showed that reasonable and interesting regions were obtained from MRF segmentation in which alpha-expansion with parameter re-estimation performs better than alpha-expansion without parameter re-estimation or ICM. This result was not only promising for textile CAD (Computer-Aided Design) to redesign the textile image, but also for image representation. It was also found that bag of shapes model based on MRF segmentation can obtain comparable classification accuracy with bag of SIFT features in the framework of nearest neighbour class-based matching. Finally, the result indicated that incorporation of graph features extracted by constructing region label graphs can improve the classification accuracy compared to both bag of shapes model and bag of SIFT models.
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Andersson, Elin, and Hanna Bengtsson. "Geovisualisering: En rumslig representation av data." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43221.
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Internet of things ger oss möjligheten att kunna identifiera, kontrollera och övervaka objekt över hela världen. För att mängden rådata som strömmar in ska kunna skapa mening och insikter till människan krävs det att den presenteras på rätt sätt. Studien undersöker därför om geovisualisering bättre kan möta människans kognitiva förmåga vid intag och tolkning av information. Geovisualisering innebär att rumslig data kan utforskas på en karta via en interaktiv display och är en länk mellan den mänskliga beslutsprocessen, interaktiva gränssnitt och data [21]. Mer forskning behövs inom området för att undersöka hur geovisualisering kan ta plats i system där stora datamängder behöver presenteras på ett överskådligt sätt och stödja beslutsprocesser. Studien syftar till att jämföra geovisualiseringar med ett befintligt system som tillhandahåller kontinuerlig uppdatering och övervakning av nätverkskameror genom utförande av användbarhetstester och intervjuer. Det som undersökts är om geovisualisering kan ge en ökad förståelse och bättre interaktion i ett utrymme som efterliknar den fysiska världen, samt undersöka potentiella problem för att hitta framtida förbättringar. Resultaten visade att navigering och informationsöverbelastning var återkommande problem under testerna av det befintliga systemet. För geovisualiseringarna visade resultaten det motsatta då de istället underlättade förståelsen för interaktion och information. Vissa problem identifierades dock för de framtagna geovisualiseringarna, som exempelvis dess begränsade interaktion och misstolkningar av objekt. Trots detta visade det sig vara fördelaktigt att placera ut enheter i deras verkliga miljö med hjälp av geovisualisering då det bidrog till en bättre översikt och förståelse av systemets sammanhang.The Internet of Things gives us the ability to identify, control and monitor objects around the world. In order to get meaning and knowledge from the amount of raw data, it needs to be presented in the right way for people to get insights from it. The study therefore examines whether geovisualization can better meet human cognitive ability in interpretation of information. Geovisualization means that spatial data can be explored on a map through an interactive display and is a link between the human decision-making process, interactive interfaces and data [21]. More research is needed in the area to investigate how geovisualization can take place in systems where large amounts of data needs to be presented and how it can support decision-making processes. The study aims to compare geovisualizations with an existing system that provides continuous updating and monitoring of network cameras by performing usability tests and interviews. Geovisualization has been investigated to see if it can contribute an increased understanding and better navigation in a space that mimics the physical world, as well as investigate potential problems to find future improvements. The results proved that navigation and information overload were recurring problems during the tests of the existing system. For the geovisualizations, the results proved the opposite as they instead facilitated the understanding of navigation and information. However, some problems were identified for the developed geovisualizations, such as its limited interaction and misinterpretations of objects. Despite this, it proved to be advantageous to place units in their real environment using geovisualization as it contributed to a better overview and understanding of the system's context.
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Brinkerhoff, Delroy A. "The Pursuit of an Unequivocal Primary Representation." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/699.
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A chief human characteristic is the desire and ability to change the world. Prior planning is crucial when those changes are complex and extensive, and require the cooperation of many people. To satisfy this need, many disciplines have developed specialized notations for representing the plans. Developers in one discipline, computer-based instruction, are burdened by the current need to use two separate notations. Instructional experts design the instruction and represent the design with a primary representation. The instruction described in a primary representation is easy to see, which makes the representation suitable for evaluation, communication, and enhancement. Programmers translate the primary representation into a computer program, which is able to run on a computer but is a secondary representation.
The problem with this process is that the primary representation is equivocal or ambiguous. Equivocal representations are subject to multiple interpretations; it is also possible for programmers to introduce errors during translation. Alternatively, the computer program is unequivocal, but the instruction that is evident in the primary representation diffuses into the program, becoming obscure and difficult to use for further evaluation, communication, or enhancement. A representation that is both unequivocal and primary benefits computer-based instructional development by eliminating ambiguity and translation errors while preserving the instructional details for later use.
A representation is unequivocal if it is computable, and it is primary if it is able to represent the dynamic behaviors of complex instruction and its use as a design language can be demonstrated in published literature. My research evaluated and compared two design languages, PEAnets (networks of processes, entities, and actions) and the Unified Modeling Language, as potential unequivocal primary representations. Two translators, one for each language, were developed as a part of this research, and four complex computer-based instructional examples were created and translated into operational computer-based instruction. The translators demonstrated that both representations are computable, and the examples demonstrated that both languages are sufficiently robust to represent complex computer-based instructional systems. Both languages have been used successfully for designing instruction or general computer systems. I concluded, based on these observations, that both languages qualify as unequivocal primary representations.
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Poliakoff, Janet Frances. "The digital representation of two-dimensional cutter paths." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333659.
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Allen, Jeanette. "Effects of representation on programming behavior." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9233.
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Mavers, Diane E. "Multimodal design : the semiotic resources of children's graphic representation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019257/.
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In asking how children's graphic representation can be understood as multimodal design, I argue that meaning-making is a complex process of semiotic interweaving. My definition of graphic representation for this thesis embraces the full range of marks made on any graphic surface. Multimodal design is the socioculturally shaped process of transformation where existing semiotic (meaning-making) resources are chosen, shaped and combined according to the individual's interest and his or her perception of the particular representational or communicational need. I propose that graphic representation might be thought about as multimodal compounds (co-present writing and image) and multimodal composites (an integration of the modes that make up the self-contained entities of writing and image). I explore how texts can be understood multimodally by examining what the semiotic resources of children's graphic representation are, how they carry meaning and how they interrelate. Through in-depth analysis of writing and drawing both discretely and appearing together in the same graphic text, I analyse paper-based and electronic texts produced at home and school for different purposes. I take my interpretations of the signs children have made and my theorization always to be hypotheses. Language-as-writing and drawing-as-image offer potentialities for different ways of making meaning but common and particularized semiotic modes such as presentation, layout and punctuation operate across graphic representation. These modes work together in a semiotic partnership. I suggest that semiotic principles across modes of communication including and going beyond the graphic might include criteriality, connectivity and salience. This implies the notion of a multimodal disposition. The multimodality of children's graphic representational design has implications for pedagogy, curriculum policy, professional development and the research community.
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Cockings, Samantha. "Automated zone design for the spatial representation of population." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368175/.
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Any mapping or analysis involving population data aggregated to geographical areas (zones) is subject to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), namely that observed patterns are influenced by both the scale (size) and aggregation (boundary placement) of zones. This has important implications, not only for researchers undertaking analyses, but also for national statistical organisations needing to decide what zoning system(s) (sets of zones) to employ to release population data. This thesis explores, enhances and extends automated zone design techniques for the spatial representation of population. It addresses three key themes: the use of automated zone design to explore the modifiable areal unit problem; automated maintenance and adaptation of existing zoning systems; and the importance of building blocks in automated zone design. It shows that administrative geographies are not necessarily the most appropriate zones for exploring health and environment relationships and that automated zone design can be used to explore sensitivity of results to the MAUP. It demonstrates that automated procedures can be used to update existing zoning systems which have become unfit for purpose due to population change, and also to modify existing zones to make them suitable for representation of other phenomena such as workplace statistics. It provides evidence that building blocks are a crucial, but under-rated, component of the zone design process and concludes that all zone design should be based on sound theoretical reasoning and a clear conceptualisation of the phenomena and processes being represented. The thesis has had a demonstrable impact on the fields of environment and health, and official population statistics; its concepts and methods have been employed by a diverse range of researchers, as well as by the Office for National Statistics to create 2011 Census output areas and workplace zones for England and Wales.
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Tamburini, Diego Romano. "The analyzable product model representation to support design-analysis integration." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17106.
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Gkekas, Konstantinos. "A unified modelling system for service representation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7936.
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This PHD project aims to develop a service design system which has a customer-centric view and delivers a balance between profit and value for both customers and service providers. The system will enable designers to assess the design and provide decision support and rationale at an early service design development stage. Also during the lifecycle of the service it would provide a better cost estimation for the service provider to support its future decisions. The two first chapters give an overview of the service field and the research area. Chapter 1, the introduction, states the aim and objectives of this research along with setting the field of the rationale behind the motivation and scope. Chapter 2, the literature review, gives a thorough overview of the service design area mentioning the theories, techniques, methodologies and methods that have been used directly or indirectly for service modeling/design. Chapter 3, the research methodology, states the rationale behind the decisions to conduct this research in terms of purpose, design, strategy and data collection techniques. Moreover an analysis of the current methodology structure which was based on the adaptation of the aforementioned decisions is provided. In Chapter 4 there is a comparison among three different methods (Service Explorer (SE), Integrated Service CAD and Life cycle simulator (ISCL) and Service Blueprinting (SB)) as identified from the literature, which have been developed specifically for service design. The comparison looks at the dynamic features of each method. A dynamic feature is a property of a service method that has the ability to capture specific elements of the service design process which are subject to continuously change within a specific timeframe. At first, there is a brief discussion on how each method is applied and what the output as a generic process is. It starts with identifying generic key concepts of the service design approach by applying all methods to a rental service scenario. Following that, we create a virtual service of a rental machine scenario and map the previously identified key concepts into specific elements of the rental service. We test all methods against these service concepts to identify how well and in what scope each one performs. A merging process of the service concepts is then carried out to form 4 categories which form the specific dynamic features. We test all methods against these features. In particular we find that, SB lacks dynamic capability. SE does well on prioritising individual customer requirements but provides neither a modular design process nor the ability to deal with changes during the service lifecycle. ISCL can provide a process for generating models by combining previously established building blocks and a life-cycle service simulation. However the resources are fixed and there is no prioritisation on the requirements. A pragmatic service deployment requires a service environment that is subject to change, which in turn is not provided by the current methods we compared. The purpose of Chapter 5 is to demonstrate an open source agent-based simulation language that could be used for service design and to simulate the Emergent Synthesis (ES) methodology. This methodology was identified from the literature search as a potential solution to the research gap presented in Chapter 4. That would act as a validation of using the proposed method in the service design area. For this reason a service market is being used as a modelling example. First the area of agent-based modelling is introduced. Certain modifications take place according to the modelling language needs. Next step is the justification and discussion about these changes. The Systems Modelling Language (SySML) is being introduced as a diagrammatic notation method according to which the altered service market model is being represented. The purpose of Chapter 6 is to provide a new approach for accurate design of a service by combining and developing a unified modelling system which covers all important key aspects of a service scenario. To demonstrate the applicability and the output of the system, a case study has been selected. The rest of this chapter is structured as follows. Then there is the introduction and investigation of the service case study. Also the purpose of that choice is stated. Next step is the full breakdown of the system, the current data flow and how the combination of the individual methods has been implemented. Results of each method are produced while visualising the connections between each input-output. A comparison takes place to show the difference of using each method individually and how the emergence of the system as a result of the combination process affects the output. Last step is the validation and the analysis of the results. The penultimate chapter is the discussion, where the outcome based on the results of each chapter is discussed. In Chapter 4, we discuss the outcome of the comparative analysis process. In Chapter 5 we give the analysis and discussion of the service market modelling output and in Chapter 6 we place a discussion based on the system’s output. Last chapter is the conclusion where there is a brief restatement of the whole research work leading to major contribution points. The major contribution of the developed system is the integration of three major methods and methodologies (SE, ISCL, ES) in order to provide answers to the inherent limitations of current techniques (representation of social behaviours in an environment that is subject to change) in the service design domain.
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Ursu, Marian Florin. "Semi-automatic compliance checking for computer aided design." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250170.
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Krishnan, Krishna Kumar. "Design for manufacturability methodology and data representation framework for machined components." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37261.
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The traditional product development process has been sequential in nature, with the product going through design, process planning, manufacturing and assembly. This sequential decision making results in increased costs and higher product development times. With the trend towards better product quality, product customization, shorter product life cycle, and international competition, manufacturers are faced with the challenge of improving product quality while reducing product development time, manufacturing lead-time, and product cost. To cope with these challenges, the product development process has to be made more efficient by integrating manufacturing and assembly considerations in the design phase itself, through the use of techniques such as Design For Manufacturability (DFM) and Design For Assembly (DFA).
DFM techniques have to be automated to take advantage of the vast advances in CAD and CAM systems. However, the automation of DFM has been constrained, especially for machined components, by the lack of methodologies which are dependent on the process of manufacture, and the incomplete part data representation in CAD systems. This research created a DFM methodology for machined components, along with an appropriate data representation scheme. Also, a software prototype was developed to demonstrate and validate both the methodology and the data structure.
The DFM methodology consists of three modules: DFM feasibility, process plan generation, and DFM analysis. The DFM feasibility module performs an initial feasibility check on the material, dimensions, tolerances, and configuration of the part. It also generates the spatial relationships between features. The process plan generation module uses a sequence identifier algorithm to generate the manufacturing sequence. The DFM analysis module evaluates tolerances relative to their stacking effects and manufacturability. It then analyzes the part configuration for possible design and process plan improvements.
A software prototype was developed using C++. It addresses the dimension checking, tolerance checking, configuration checking and spatial relationships generation in the DFM feasibility module. In the process plan generation module, the sequence of surfaces/features to be generated has been automated. This sequence is one of the major inputs to a computer-aided process planning module.
Other methodologies for non-machined components can be easily integrated into the DFM framework for complete automation of DFM analysis.Ph. D.
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Yalciner, Irmak. "Visual Representation In Industrial Design Registration: A Proposed Guideline For Turkey Based On Legal Texts And Guidelines From Eight Different Jurisdictions, And Interviews With Turkish Patent Institute Examiners." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614935/index.pdf.
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Visual representation is the most important element of a design registration in terms of scope of protection. This study examines national, regional and international design registration systems in terms of legal texts and guidelines related to visual representation, investigates problematic issues concerning the features and qualities of visual representation in industrial design registration applications in Turkey through the interviews conducted with the Turkish Patent Institute examiners, and proposes a guideline for Turkey which would assist applicants and attorneys in preparing visual representations.
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Liaw, Judy-Audrey-Chui-Yik. "DEFINITION AND REPRESENTATION OF REQUIREMENT ENGINEERING / MANAGEMENT: A PROCESS-ORIENTED APPROACH." MSSTATE, 2002. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04092002-095054/.
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Requirements are important in software development, product development, projects, processes, and systems. However, a review of the requirements literature indicates several problems. First, there is confusion between the terms ?requirements engineering? and ?requirements management.? Similarities and/or differences between the two terms are resolved through a literature review; resulting in comprehensive definitions of each term. Second, current literature recognizes the importance of requirements but offers few methodologies or solutions for defining and managing requirements. Hence, a flexible methodology or framework is provided for defining and managing requirements. Third, requirements methodologies are represented in various ways, each with their respective strengths and weaknesses. A tabular view and hybrid graphical view for representing the requirements process are provided.
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Lee, KwangHoon. "Engineering design representation by feature based design in design automation : multiple viewpoint dependent models in product development." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/dbc48d9d-6e99-4a24-95a8-c93cbc1368b3.
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Backhaus, Karin [Verfasser]. "Representation of Expert Knowledge on Biochemical Process Design / Karin Backhaus." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064560466/34.
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Zhao, Lin. "DYNAMIC REPRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL RATIOS: A DESIGN AND EMPIRICAL TEST." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1201293293.
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Karim, Mohammed R. "An IDEFO representation of a garment manufacturing system design process." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178127341.
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Wilson, Kevin James. "Belief representation for counts in Bayesian inference and experimental design." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1217.
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Bayesian inference for such things as collections of related binomial or Poisson distributions typically involves rather indirect prior specifications and intensive numerical methods (usually Markov chain Monte Carlo) for posterior evaluations. As well as requiring some rather unnatural prior judgements this creates practical difficulties in problems such as experimental design. This thesis investigates some possible alternative approaches to this problem with the aims of making prior specification more feasible and making the calculations necessary for updating beliefs or for designing experiments less demanding, while maintaining coherence. Both fully Bayesian and Bayes linear approaches are considered initially. The most promising utilises Bayes linear kinematics in which simple conjugate specifications for individual counts are linked through a Bayes linear belief structure. Intensive numerical methods are not required. The use of transformations of the binomial and Poisson parameters is proposed. The approach is illustrated in two examples from reliability analysis, one involving Poisson counts of failures, the other involving binomial counts in an analysis of failure times. A survival example based on a piecewise constant hazards model is also investigated. Applying this approach to the design of experiments greatly reduces the computational burden when compared to standard fully Bayesian approaches and the problem can be solved without the need for intensive numerical methods. The method is illustrated using two examples, one based on usability testing and the other on bioassay.
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Hoang, Dang Huy. "An interface design for the representation of Vietnamese traditional music." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430659.
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Tjung, Jie Wen. "Projection, design, and representation of curves on B-spline surfaces /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-040805/.
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Tjung, Jie Wen. "Projection, design, and representation of curves on B-spline surfaces." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41412.
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FLEURY, MICHEL. "Representation vectorielle des splines cubiques et application au design graphique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13044.
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Une nouvelle famille de fonctions splines est definie et etudiee. Elle contient les familles classiques de bezier, les cardinal et b-splines, en plus des proprietes des splines classiques, celle-ci offre un controle local beaucoup plus pousse. En consequence, elle est plus pratique d'utilisation par un designer graphique, comme le montre l'experimentation
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Ugail, Hassan, M. Robinson, M. I. G. Bloor, and M. J. Wilson. "Interactive design of complex mechanical parts using a parametric representation." Springer, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2713.
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Karim, Mohammed R. "An IDEF0 representation of a garment manufacturing system design process." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178127341.
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Xu, Wei. "Subdivision tree based multiresolution representation of arbitrary triangle meshes /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Liang, Kuei-Chia. "Explicit representation of design requirements and its impact on industrial designing." Thesis, University of Derby, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/215211.
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The value of establishing design requirements is well-argued and the need for their clear representation in the material used to brief designers is recognised. However, very little attention has been given as to how the design requirements should be represented for use by industrial designers and whether, or how, such representations benefit design. The research presented in the thesis aims to explore approaches to the organisation and presentation of design brief requirements for effective use by designers. We first examined how design requirements are specified, organised and represented in theory and practice. The role of design requirements in the design problem-solving process was analysed to gain insight into how explicit requirement representation might benefit the design process. An experimental study, using protocol analysis, was then conducted to investigate the impact of explicitly representing design requirements in achieving the theoretical benefits for such representations. The results indicate the explicit representation of design brief requirements yields systematic enhancements including increased utilisation of design requirements and the production of solutions assessed as meeting design requirements more successfully. Thus, the findings support the proposition that the manner in which design requirements are represented will impact upon the design process and the designers' performance. In line with the research findings, recommendations are made about how the organisation and presentation of requirements may be manipulated to achieve maximum positive enhancement and minimal negative reduction in the quality of the design process