Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentation fonctionnelle'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Représentation fonctionnelle.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Fayolle, Pierre-Alain. "Reconstruction 3D d'objets par une représentation fonctionnelle." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2057.
Full textPierre, Laurence. "Représentation fonctionnelle et preuve automatisée de circuits digitaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11308.
Full textCordoleani, Flora. "Représentation de la réponse fonctionnelle dans un modèle prédateur-proie : du chémostat à l'écosystème." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22111.
Full textOne of the major issues in ecology is to identify the links between what happens in terms of physiology and behavior of individuals and the emergent properties that appear at the population and ecosystems level. In this thesis, we addressed this problem through modeling of the phenomenon of predation, especially by focusing on the mathematical functional response representation. This function represents the amount of prey consumed by predator per unit time. It synthesizes at the population level a set processes occurring at different scales of organization. Modeling of the phenomenon of predation encounters various limitations related to the complexity of this biological process, and there is, therefore, considerable uncertainty aboutthe nature of the functional response to use.Through the study of a predator-prey model in chemostat on the one hand, and use of scaling methods in a patches predator-prey model on the other hand, we seek to determine sources of variations in therepresentation of that response.First, we demonstrated the influence of data variability on the parameterization of the functional response as well as the robustness of the model outputs. A sensitivity study has also demonstrated the high structural sensitivity of the model to the formulation of this response, which may be more important than to parameterchanges.In addition, it appears that the mathematical representation of the functional response depends strongly on the scale of observation considered. The nature of the response can, indeed, be modified when changing the scale from the population to the community level
Cléry, Justine. "Bases neurales de la représentation spatiale grâce à l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1102/document.
Full textThe construction of the representation of self is based on the integration of information received by our different sensory modalities such as visual, auditory, tactile or proprioceptive information. The interaction between actions and movements and more recently social interactions and space are being explored at the behavioral level, but less so at the functional level and much more remains to be elucidated. In particular, it is important and fundamental to understand exactly which processes are involved in space representation and how, not only from a partial view focusing on specific cortical areas and single neuron processes but at the scale of the whole brain and the functional networks. The first axis of my thesis focuses on peripersonal space, that is the space that is closest to us, and represents one of the functional subspaces of spatial representation. We assume that it is the same regions that contribute to multisensory convergence, to the prediction of the consequences of a looming visual stimulus onto tactile processing and to the construction of peripersonal space. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of the temporal and spatial predictive aspects of a dynamical looming visual stimulus onto tactile stimulus detection in humans (behavioral study) and non-human primates (fMRI study); the neural bases of near space and far space representations, in non-human primate (fMRI study). We highlight the involvement of a parieto-frontal network, essentially composed by the ventral intraparietal area VIP, the premotor area F4 as well as striate and extra-striate cortical regions, which are activated by these three different mechanisms. We propose that this network not only processes the trajectory of the looming object with respect to the body, but also anticipates its consequences onto the body and prepares protective actions in response to the looming stimulus. The second axis of my thesis focuses on characterizing the extent of plasticity in the visual representation of the adult brain (as opposed to the early stages around the critical developmental periods) and in particular, how the associated fine-grained changes in the visual cortex can be precisely quantified along multiple dimensions (anatomical, functional, pharmacological). Specifically, we have developed a set of high-resolution MRI methods to assess functional (high-resolution visual mapping fMRI, rs-MRI), pharmacological (GABA spectroscopy imaging) and structural (anatomical MRI, DTI) imaging to define reference measures against which to evaluate the changes induced by plasticity at different times after its induction, through a longitudinal study performed in the same animals. Some of these methods need to be more refined but they show that they are really promising to study plasticity in nonhuman primate. On the whole, this present doctoral research allows to make a functional link between human fMRI studies and monkey single cell recording studies and provides new strategies and explorations to perform on the spatial representation field both in humans and non-human primates
Guigue, Vincent. "Méthodes à noyaux pour la représentation et la discrimination de signaux non-stationnaires." INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0014.
Full textGaillard, Raphaël. "Représentation sémantique inconsciente et valence émotionnelle : approche neurophysiologique et comportementale." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066433.
Full textPantel, Marc. "Représentation et transformation : un modèle de la réutilisabilité pour les langages fonctionnels à objets." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT014H.
Full textMercier, Jonathan. "Logique paracohérente pour l’annotation fonctionnelle des génomes au travers de réseaux biologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE007/document.
Full textOne consequence of increasing sequencing capacity is the the accumulation of in silico predictions in biological sequence databanks. This amount of data exceeds human curation capacity and, despite methodological progress, numerous errors on the prediction of protein functions are made. Therefore, tools are required to guide human expertise in the evaluation of bioinformatics predictions taking into account background knowledge on the studied organism.GROOLS (for “Genomic Rule Object-Oriented Logic System”) is an expert system that is able to reason on incomplete and contradictory information. It was developed with the objective of assisting biologists in the process of genome functional annotation by integrating high quantity of information from various sources. GROOLS adopts a generic representation of knowledge using a directed acyclic graph of concepts that represent the different components of a biological process (e.g. a metabolic pathway) connected by two types of relations (i.e. “part-of” and “subtype-of”). These concepts are called “Prior Knowledge concepts” and correspond to theories for which their presence in an organism needs to be elucidated. They serve as basis for the reasoning and are evaluated from observations of “Prediction” (e.g. a predicted enzymatic activity) or “Expectation” (e.g. growth phenotypes) type. Indeed, GROOLS implements a paraconsistent logic on set of facts that are observations. Using different rules, “Prediction” and “Expectation” values are propagated on the graph as sets of truth values. At the end of the reasoning, a conclusion is given on each “Prior Knowledge concepts” by combining “Prediction” and “Expectation” values. Conclusions may, for example, indicate a “Confirmed-Presence” (i.e. the function is predicted and expected), a “Missing” concept (i.e. the function is expected but not predicted) or an “Unexpected-Presence” (i.e. the function is predicted but not expected in the organisms).GROOLS reasoning was applied on several organisms and with different sources of “Predictions” (i.e. annotations from UniProtKB or MicroScope) and biological processes (i.e. GenomeProperties and UniPathway). For “Expectations”, growth phenotype data and amino-acid biosynthesis pathways were used. GROOLS results are useful to quickly evaluate the overall annotation quality of a genome and to propose annotations to be completed or corrected by a biocurator. More generally, the GROOLS software can be used to improve the reconstruction of the metabolic network of an organism which is an essential step in obtaining a high-quality metabolic model
Lechevalier, Christophe. "ANALYSE FONCTIONNELLE DES CONVERTISSEURS STATIQUES EN VUE DE LA CONCEPTION." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820608.
Full textSchwartz, Cédric. "CONTRIBUTION À L'ÉLABORATION D'UN ESPACE COMMUN DE REPRÉSENTATION POUR L'ANALYSE MORPHO-FONCTIONNELLE DU MEMBRE SUPERIEUR : APPLICATION À L'ARTICULATION GLÉNOHUMÉRALE." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne - ENSTB, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403931.
Full textDans un premier temps, une étude a été menée pour proposer une méthode de correction des artéfacts des tissus mous lors de l'estimation du mouvement. Une approche surfacique est décrite. Cette méthode repose sur le suivi de la déformation, induite par le déplacement de l'omoplate, d'une nappe de marqueurs à la surface de la peau. Le suivi est réalisé par un algorithme de recalage robuste, l'IMCP. Cet algorithme, développé dans des travaux précédents, a été modifié et adapté de manière à prendre en compte le contexte de l'étude. Les améliorations ont principalement consisté en un post-traitement des données afin d'exploiter au maximum les capacités de mutualisation de l'information de l'algorithme, la prise en compte de l'influence des bords de la nappe de marqueurs et enfin l'optimisation du temps de calcul. Dans un second temps, afin de réaliser une étude morpho-fonctionnelle dans un espace commun de représentation, un protocole spécifique d'acquisition IRM a été mis en place. Celui-ci a pour objectif le recalage des repères locaux propres à l'acquisition morphologique et à celle du mouvement. L'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle de l'articulation glénohumérale, dans le cas de mouvements empreints d'erreurs, a également nécessité le développement de mesures quantifiant la cohérence articulaire.
Les résultats obtenus montrent que l'utilisation d'une nappe de marqueurs recouvrant l'omoplate à la surface de la peau ne permet pas le suivi de l'empreinte de l'os. L'étude sur des simulations conduisent à avancer 2 hypothèses pour expliquer ces résultats : le bruit crée par les tissus mous est trop important et / ou la résolution de la surface de la peau disponible est insuffisante. L'intérêt de tendre vers des méthodes d'acquisition sans marqueurs est ainsi également mis en évidence. L'analyse morpho-fonctionelle a quant à elle mis en évidence l'influence du protocole d'acquisition utilisé sur la cohérence articulaire lors de l'animation des os. Le choix du positionnement des marqueurs sur l'omoplate et sur l'humérus ainsi que la méthode de traitement employée pour reconstruire le mouvement ont ainsi une influence significative sur l'estimation du mouvement des structures osseuses.
Schwartz, Cédric. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un espace commun de représentation pour l'analyse morpho-fonctionnelle du membre supérieur : application à l'articulation glénohumérale." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2016.
Full textDoucet, Gaëlle. "Etude de l'état de repos conscient en imagerie fonctionnelle : de la cognition spontanée à l'activité cérébrale." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN3115.
Full textBrain activity at rest has been the subject of numerous investigations in functional imaging for few years. A major hypothesis was put forward about the relationship between this activity and spontaneous thoughts mainly reported during this state. In order to test it, this work was realized in three parts. The first one consisted of exploring mental activities of 180 healthy participants, using an introspective questionnaire designed for that purpose, during a condition of a conscious resting state realized in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results highlighted various mental activities among participants where specific profiles of spontaneous thoughts were revealed. In the second part, we revealed a hierarchical functional organization of the brain through 2 systems, 5 modules and 23 resting state networks. Study of functional connectivity showed a global bipartition of the brain, including, nevertheless, specific interactions at each other level. Finally, in the third part, based on the two previous ones, we analyzed effects of spontaneous mental activities on functional connectivity values between modules and between networks on a group of 340 participants, respectively. Our study reveals a direct relationship between spontaneous mental processes and brain activity at rest. Thus, we showed that modulations of functional interactions between the different brain networks would reflect content of spontaneous thoughts during this state
Gautheron, Léo. "Construction de Représentation de Données Adaptées dans le Cadre de Peu d'Exemples Étiquetés." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES044.
Full textMachine learning consists in the study and design of algorithms that build models able to handle non trivial tasks as well as or better than humans and hopefully at a lesser cost.These models are typically trained from a dataset where each example describes an instance of the same task and is represented by a set of characteristics and an expected outcome or label which we usually want to predict.An element required for the success of any machine learning algorithm is related to the quality of the set of characteristics describing the data, also referred as data representation or features.In supervised learning, the more the features describing the examples are correlated with the label, the more effective the model will be.There exist three main families of features: the ``observable'', the ``handcrafted'' and the ``latent'' features that are usually automatically learned from the training data.The contributions of this thesis fall into the scope of this last category. More precisely, we are interested in the specific setting of learning a discriminative representation when the number of data of interest is limited.A lack of data of interest can be found in different scenarios.First, we tackle the problem of imbalanced learning with a class of interest composed of a few examples by learning a metric that induces a new representation space where the learned models do not favor the majority examples.Second, we propose to handle a scenario with few available examples by learning at the same time a relevant data representation and a model that generalizes well through boosting models using kernels as base learners approximated by random Fourier features.Finally, to address the domain adaptation scenario where the target set contains no label while the source examples are acquired in different conditions, we propose to reduce the discrepancy between the two domains by keeping only the most similar features optimizing the solution of an optimal transport problem between the two domains
Sescousse, Guillaume. "Représentation cérébrale des récompenses selon leur nature : une approche par neuroimagerie fonctionnelle chez le sujet sain et le joueur pathologique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858817.
Full textGuipponi, Olivier. "Bases neurales de la représentation de soi chez le primate non-humain grâce à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10188/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate the neural basis of self-representation in the non human primate. We studied the multimodal convergence both 1) at the area level precisely mapping auditory, tactile and visual convergence in the intraparietal sulcus and 2) at the whole brain level capturing the spatial pattern of visuo-tactile cortical convergence. We also investigated the neural network subserving multisensory integration in a dynamical visuo tactile context, showing that the strongest behavioral and cortical are obtained when the visual stimuli is predictive of the tactile stimulus rather than during simultaneous presentations. Finally, we studied the representation of space by characterizing the neural bases of near space and far space in a real naturalistic environment, thus providing the neural grounds for the observed behavioral and neuropsychological dissociation between near and far space processing
Louis, Alexandra. "La maîtrise de l'information scientifique, clé de l' "après séquençage" : développement d'un serveur dédié à l'analyse du génome de la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERSA013.
Full textGloess, Paul Yves. "Contribution à l’optimisation de mécanismes de raisonnement dans des structures spécialisées de représentation des connaissances." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPE085.
Full textJelassi, Mohamed Nidhal. "Etude, représentation et applications des traverses minimales d'un hypergraphe." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4021/document.
Full textThis work is part of the field of the hypergraph theory and focuses on hypergraph minimal transversal. The problem of extracting the minimal transversals from a hypergraph received the interest of many researchers as shown the number of algorithms proposed in the literature, and this is mainly due to the solutions offered by the minimal transversal in various application areas such as databases, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, semantic web, etc. In view of the wide range of fields of minimal transversal application and the interest they generate, the objective of this thesis is to explore new application paths of minimal transversal by proposing methods to optimize the extraction. This has led to three proposed contributions in this thesis. The first approach takes advantage of the emergence of Web 2.0 and, therefore, social networks using minimal transversal for the detection of important actors within these networks. The second part of research in this thesis has focused on reducing the number of hypergraph minimal transversal. A concise and accurate representation of minimal transversal was proposed and is based on the construction of an irredundant hypergraph, hence are calculated the irredundant minimal transversal of the initial hypergraph. An application of this representation to the dependency inference problem is presented to illustrate the usefulness of this approach. The last approach includes the hypergraph decomposition into partial hypergraph the “local” minimal transversal are calculated and their Cartesian product can generate all the hypergraph transversal sets. Different experimental studies have shown the value of these proposed approaches
Benis, Arriel. "Aide à l'exploration et à la découverte de relations dans des données de la Génomique Médicale Fonctionnelle." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132032.
Full textData Mining is an emerging area in Medical Informatics research field. Nowadays, clinical research protocols are no longer limited to collect only medical data, but they are also regarding to other kinds of data such as genomic data from cDNA microarrays. Currently, the approaches commonly used by biologists in this context simply explore a tiny part of the data based on a priori. Our work is based on automating the analysis process. Firstly, this PhD dissertation focuses on the definition of a data workflow adapted to data that we deal with (bioclinical and genomics data). Secondly, outliers, due to the relative quality of data and sources of errors in analysis are automatically identified thanks to a classification method. Finally, all these results will be presented in an easy way to biologist experts. Experiments related to researches in obesity medicine have been done and allowed to validate our Data Mining process and to discover biomarkers. Evaluations of use and usability have shown the benefits of our approach
Pizzagalli, Fabrizio. "Etude par neuroimagerie IRM de la représentation centrale des mouvements de la main chez les sujets sains et chez les patients après chirurgie de la main." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906753.
Full textOrtigue, Stéphanie. "Spécialisation fonctionnelle de l'hémisphère droit : approches neurophysiologique et électrophysiologique des modulations intra- et inter-hémisphériques dans la représentation mentale de l'espace et des mots emotionnels." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAML011.
Full textLe, cavil Anthony. "Représentation probabiliste de type progressif d'EDP nonlinéaires nonconservatives et algorithmes particulaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLY023.
Full textThis thesis performs forward probabilistic representations of nonlinear and nonconservative Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), which allowto numerically estimate the corresponding solutions via an interacting particle system algorithm, mixing Monte-Carlo methods and non-parametric density estimates.In the literature, McKean typeNonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations (NLSDEs) constitute the microscopic modelof a class of PDEs which are conservative. The solution of a NLSDEis generally a couple $(Y,u)$ where $Y$ is a stochastic process solving a stochastic differential equation whose coefficients depend on $u$ and at each time $t$, $u(t,cdot)$ is the law density of the random variable $Y_t$.The main idea of this thesis is to consider this time a non-conservative PDE which is the result of a conservative PDE perturbed by a term of the type $Lambda(u, nabla u) u$. In this case, the solution of the corresponding NLSDE is again a couple $(Y,u)$, where again $Y$ is a stochastic processbut where the link between the function $u$ and $Y$ is more complicated and once fixed the law of $Y$, $u$ is determined by a fixed pointargument via an innovating Feynmann-Kac type formula
Sakhraoui, Imane. "Contribution à la surveillance d'un module d'électronique de puissance sous sollicitations actives par mesures thermiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0100/document.
Full textThe current trend of integrating powerful power modules into increasingly smaller volumes. This volume leads to new problems, especially in terms of reliability : Indeed, during their operating cycles, the semiconductor switches and their surrounding environment become subject to harshful electrothermal stresses. Thus, increase of reliability of power modules induces the precise knowledge of the local temperature, even if it can not be measured at any location. The main objective of this thesis is to estimate a physical variables in a specific non measured location, using linear functional observers allowing to estimate the temperature at any point by means of measurements provided from thermal sensors located at a few precise points. The use of this observer reduce the dimension of the considered problem. In the multi-physics context, methodologies and algorithms have been developed to allow the monitoring of electrothermal behavior power electronics modules. In order to obtain observation algorithms directly, which could be implemented on a real-time embedded target such as a digital signal processor, the application of a linear observer in the discrete time framework is proposed. Consequently, it is necessary to reduce the size compared to the initial system resulting from the model, in order to limit the calculation complexity. The originality of this work consists in proposing simple design methods for minimal order linear functional observers for large complex systems. Special attention has been given to unknown input linear functional observers. Note that in case of a power electronics module, some inputs may be poorly known such as the thermal power extracted by the cooling system, or that injected by the ancillary elements of the module as chips or bonding wire. An unknown input linear functional observer allows to overcome this lack of knowledge by treating these inputs as unknown data. Note that we chose to present experimental results so as to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed methods
Mazard, Angélique. "Bases neurales de l'imagerie mentale visuelle : effet du contenu de l'image mentale et implication de l'aire visuelle primaire." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN3078.
Full textDauphin, Gabriel. "Application des représentations diffusives à temps discret." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005780.
Full textLe première partie consiste en la mise en place des représentations diffusives à temps discret. Certains filtres non-relationnels, notamment les différences frationnaires, sont une agrégation continue de dynamiques purement amorties. Les représentations diffusives s'appliquent à toutes les discrétisations de l'intégration fractionnaire y compris celles pour lesquelles la fonction de transfert n'est pas connue analytiquement. Les filtres diffusifs peuvent être réalisés par un système de dimension infinie. Cette structure est un cadre adapté à l'approximation par un filtre relationnel, à l'analyse asymptotique aux temps longs et à l'élaboration d'un critère de dissipativité.
La deuxième partie consiste à appliquer ces outils pour l'étude des couplages formés de filtres diffusifs et de filtres rationnels positifs. L'application d'un critère de Nyquist prouve la stabilité énergétique. Ces couplages sont en fait la somme d'une partie entière et d'une partie diffusive, ce résultat de décomposition montre que certains couplages sont stables EBSB (entrée-bornée, sortie-bornée). La dissipativité de la réalisation diffusive ainsi que le lemme de Kalman-Yacubovich-Popov montrent notamment la stabilité interne de ces couplages ; une démonstration originale du caractère asymptotique de la stabilité interne est ainsi proposée. Les approches utilisées pour prouver ces stabiblités permettent une analyse asymptotique aux temps longs.
Mensch, Arthur. "Apprentissage de représentations en imagerie fonctionnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS300/document.
Full textThanks to the advent of functional brain-imaging technologies, cognitive neuroscience is accumulating maps of neural activity responses to specific tasks or stimuli, or of spontaneous activity. In this work, we consider data from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), that we study in a machine learning setting: we learn a model of brain activity that should generalize on unseen data. After reviewing the standard fMRI data analysis techniques, we propose new methods and models to benefit from the recently released large fMRI data repositories. Our goal is to learn richer representations of brain activity. We first focus on unsupervised analysis of terabyte-scale fMRI data acquired on subjects at rest (resting-state fMRI). We perform this analysis using matrix factorization. We present new methods for running sparse matrix factorization/dictionary learning on hundreds of fMRI records in reasonable time. Our leading approach relies on introducing randomness in stochastic optimization loops and provides speed-up of an order of magnitude on a variety of settings and datasets. We provide an extended empirical validation of our stochastic subsampling approach, for datasets from fMRI, hyperspectral imaging and collaborative filtering. We derive convergence properties for our algorithm, in a theoretical analysis that reaches beyond the matrix factorization problem. We then turn to work with fMRI data acquired on subject undergoing behavioral protocols (task fMRI). We investigate how to aggregate data from many source studies, acquired with many different protocols, in order to learn more accurate and interpretable decoding models, that predicts stimuli or tasks from brain maps. Our multi-study shared-layer model learns to reduce the dimensionality of input brain images, simultaneously to learning to decode these images from their reduced representation. This fosters transfer learning in between studies, as we learn the undocumented cognitive common aspects that the many fMRI studies share. As a consequence, our multi-study model performs better than single-study decoding. Our approach identifies universally relevant representation of brain activity, supported by a few task-optimized networks learned during model fitting. Finally, on a related topic, we show how to use dynamic programming within end-to-end trained deep networks, with applications in natural language processing
Coupier, Jérôme. "Contribution à la modélisation des doigts longs et développement d’un protocole clinique d’évaluation de la mobilité de la main." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/229442.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Daguzon, Marc. "L'influence de la prescription sur le développement professionnel des professeurs des écoles débutants." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660841.
Full textDurrande, Nicolas. "Étude de classes de noyaux adaptées à la simplification et à l’interprétation des modèles d’approximation. Une approche fonctionnelle et probabiliste." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0631/document.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is the approximation of functions for which thevalue is known at limited number of points. More precisely, we consider here the so-calledkriging models from two points of view : the approximation in reproducing kernel Hilbertspaces and the Gaussian Process regression.When the function to approximate depends on many variables, the required numberof points can become very large and the interpretation of the obtained models remainsdifficult because the model is still a high-dimensional function. In light of those remarks,the main part of our work adresses the issue of simplified models by studying a key conceptof kriging models, the kernel. More precisely, the following aspects are adressed: additivekernels for additive models and kernel decomposition for sparse modeling. Finally, wepropose a class of kernels that is well suited for functional ANOVA representation andglobal sensitivity analysis
Holgado, Otilia. "Analyse didactique de l'activité en formation professionnelle : le cas de l'apprentissage des Systèmes d'Information Géographique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732890.
Full textValliez, Cyril. "Contribution à la conception d'un système automatique générant des images à partir de textes." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040195.
Full textDulin, David. "Imagerie mentale et déficience visuelle : approche cognitive, fonctionnelle et pathologique des représentations mentales." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100207.
Full textThe results of this study revealed on the one hand visual deficits of peripheral origin, affecting the perception of faces, colours or spelling material, set representational disorders in the corresponding areas and, on the other side, that the visually impaired can activate data stored thanks to haptic modality in order to improve their performance in mental imagery tasks of spelling material. Results indicated that the perceptive and representational processes could not be undertaken by the same cortical structures since the unilateral lesions of the subjects’ cortex did not systematically lead to representational disorders. Finally, results suggest that the brain-damaged patients’ representational disorders could be linked with the presence of attentional disorders and lesions spreading beyond the primary visual cortex. The second part of the experimentation suggested that learning a certain number of mainly visual codes, exploratory strategies and the use of raised line materials would allow the blind to compensate the deficit due to blindness (be it congenital or late) in certain visuo-spatial imagery tasks. These observations all present mental imagery as a consequence to the information synthesis generated by the different sensoral modalities and which could be under the influence of attention processes and tacit knowledge
Le, Guével Ronan. "Processus multistables : Propriétés locales et estimation." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531545.
Full textHerbet, Guillaume. "Vers un modèle à double voie dynamique et hodotopique de l'organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle de la mentalisation : étude par cartographie cérébrale multimodale chez les patients porteurs d'un gliome diffus de bas-grade." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T004/document.
Full textUnderstanding how the brain produces sophisticated behaviours strongly depends of our knowledge on its anatomical and functional organization. Until recently, it was believed that high-level cognition was merely the by-product of the neural activity of discrete and highly specialized cortical areas. Major findings obtained in the past decade from neuroimaging, particularly from the field of connectomics, prompt now researchers to revise drastically their conceptions about the links between brain structures and functions. The brain seems indeed organized in complex, highly distributed and plastic neurocognitive networks. This is in this state of mind that our work has been carried out. Its foremost ambition was to rethink actuals models of social cognition, especially mentalizing, through the behavioural study of patients harbouring a diffuse low-grade glioma. Because this rare neurological tumour induces major functional reorganization phenomena and migrates preferentially along axonal associative connectivity, it constitutes an excellent pathophysiological model for unmasking the core structures subserving complex cognitive systems. Anatomo-clinical correlations were conducted according to both a classical topological approach (region of interest analyses, voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, intraoperative cortical electrostimulation) and a hodological approach (degree of disconnection of associative white matter fasciculi, intraoperative axonal connectivity mapping). The main results of our different studies enable us to lay the foundation of a dynamic (plastic) and hodotopical (connectivity) dual-stream model of mentalizing. Specifically, a dorsal stream, interconnecting mirror frontoparietal areas via the perisylvian network (arcuate fasciculus and lateral superior longitudinal fasciculus), may subserve low-level perceptual processes required in rapid and pre-reflective identification of mental states; a cingulo-medial stream, interconnecting medial prefrontal and rostro-cingulated areas with medial posterior parietal areas via the cingulum, may subserve higher-level processes required in reflective mentalistic inferences. These original findings represents a great step in social neuroscience, have major implications in clinical practice, and opens new opportunities in understanding certain pathological conditions characterized by both mentalizing deficits and aberrant structural connectivity (e.g. autism spectrum disorders)
Koné, Mamadou Ibrahima. "Contrôle optimal et calcul des variations en présence de retard sur l'état." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E063/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we have attempted to contribute to the optimization of dynamical problems with delay in state space. We are specifically interested in the viewpoint of Pontryagin who outlined in his book published in 1962 the necessary conditions required for solving such problems. In his work published in 1972, Warga catalogued the possible solutions. Li and al. analyzed the case of periodic control. We will treat an optimal control problem governed by a Delay Functional Differential Equation. Our method is close to the one of P. Michel on dynamical system governed by Ordinary Differential Equations. The main problem ariving out in this approach is the use of the resolvent of the Delay Functional Differential Equation. We also consider with Euler-Lagrange condition in the framework of variational problems with delay
Pérez, William-Gabriel. "Représentations et conceptualisations de systèmes numériques par des collégiens : contribution didactique à la modélisation fonctionnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB243/document.
Full textJoined in a socio-technical context particularly marked by the rise of digital technologies, this research studies the representations and conceptualizations underlying the functional modeling of middle school students about the functioning of touch Smartphone and Digital Interactive Boards. Data are collected in five investigations by questionnaires and / or group interviews with about 1300 students (6th and 3rd). Data analysis reveals: 1) lack of questioning about how digital systems work; 2) the main concern about the function of the artefact; 3) clear identification of the detection function in contrast with the information processing(software, processor, information). Also investigations highlight the effects of the form and content of questions about the emergence of representations mobilized by students and therefore conceptualizations underlying their functional modeling. This research enables to consider other additional studies to grasp the conditions of this modeling in connection with the extension of empirical referent. Finally this thesis suggests teaching guidelines to facilitate the relationship between practical familiarization and intellectual elaborations to the middle school in agreement with the common basic curriculum in France which now includes the study of natural and technical systems among the prescribed contents
Dedieu, Éric. "La représentation contingente : vers une réconciliation des approches fonctionnelles et structurelles de la robotique autonome." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0094.
Full textRobot autonomy will be achieved when robots can act in complex environments without the need of human intervention. However, the traditional methods of robot programming rely on models hav ing very restricting conditions of validity. The problem of inexpectation arises when these conditions are not met in the real situa tion. We argue that robot autonomy can't be achieved without a systematic way for taking inexpectation into account, and we explain why the classical hierarchical, behavioural or adaptive approaches of robotics are too limited for tackling this problem in natural, not ca refully controlled environments. We then suggest three paths for escaping some of those limits. Our first point is theoretical: a robot should be able to ackowledge and model its being partially ignorant of its world. For this we advocate the theory of "probability a s logic" (Jaynes 1995) as a fundamental framework. Our second point is methodological: we propose an incremental approach for buildin g robots, i. E. A systematic method for structural evolution, the motor of which is the occurence of unexpected events. The concern un derlying this approach is the origin and genesis of representations more than their performances. Our third and last point i s conceptual: we propose a notion of "contingent representation", defining a representation by its structure rather than its function. The representational capacity is intrinsic to the structure, but the representational contents (interpretation) is context -dependant. The classical notion of representation had lead some authors to reject the very notion of representation - thus giving up an unescapable guide for design, too. Contingent representation is an attempt for tackling the problem of design within new approaches yet unexploited in AI, like that of operational closure
Vialard, François-Xavier. "APPROCHE HAMILTONIENNE POUR LES ESPACES DE FORMES DANS LE CADRE DES DIFFÉOMORPHISMES: DU PROBLÈME DE RECALAGE D'IMAGES DISCONTINUES À UN MODÈLE STOCHASTIQUE DE CROISSANCE DE FORMES." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400379.
Full textLe cas des images discontinues n'était compris que partiellement. La première contribution de ce travail est de traiter complètement le cas des images discontinues en considérant comme modèle d'image discontinues l'espace des fonctions à variations bornées. On apporte des outils techniques pour traiter les discontinuités dans le cadre d'appariement par difféomorphismes. Ces résultats sont appliqués à la formulation Hamiltonienne des géodésiques dans le cadre d'un nouveau modèle qui incorpore l'action d'un difféomorphisme sur les niveaux de grille de l'image pour prendre en compte un changement d'intensité. La seconde application permet d'étendre la théorie des métamorphoses développée par A.Trouvé et L.Younes aux fonctions discontinues. Il apparait que la géométrie de ces espaces est plus compliquée que pour des fonctions lisses.
La seconde partie de cette thèse aborde des aspects plus probabilistes du domaine. On étudie une perturbation stochastique du système Hamiltonien pour le cas de particules (ou landmarks). D'un point de vue physique, on peut interpréter cette perturbation comme des forces aléatoires agissant sur les particules. Il est donc naturel de considérer ce modèle comme un premier modèle de croissance de forme ou au moins d'évolutions aléatoires de formes.
On montre que les solutions n'explosent pas en temps fini presque sûrement et on étend ce modèle stochastique en dimension infinie sur un espace de Hilbert bien choisi (en quelque sorte un espace de Besov ou Sobolev sur une base de Haar). En dimension infinie la propriété précédente reste vraie et on obtient un important (aussi d'un point de vue numérique) résultat de convergence du cas des particules vers le cas de dimension infinie. Le cadre ainsi développé est suffisamment général pour être adaptable dans de nombreuses situations de modélisation.
Yordanova, Yordanka Nikolova. "Un éclairage nouveau sur les bases neurales de la mentalisation : une étude combinant cartographie multimodale et IRM fonctionnelle de repos chez des patients atteints d’un gliome diffus de bas grade." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT052/document.
Full textMentalizing, or the ability of human beings to make assumptions about other people’s mental states, has been the subject of many studies over the last 20 years. The neural bases and especially the white matter connectivity of this complex cognitive function is still poorly understood. Recently, an anatomo-functional organization into two neural pathways has been proposed. According to this model, it is assumed that the reflective, inferential aspects of mentalizing is underpinned by the cingulum. The reflexive, identificatory aspects of mentalizing are thought to be mediated, for their part, by the arcuate fascicle and the lateral part of the superior longitudinal fascicle. The main purpose of this scientific work is to provide original data on the anatomo-functional organization of the neural network involved in the face-based mentalizing. We used as a pathophysiological study model diffuse low-grade gliomas. These primary brain tumors are particularly interesting for the study of the functional role of the white matter for two reasons: (i) the tumor cells propagate preferentially along the white matter fibers; (ii) the surgical resection is often performed in awake condition with intraoperative functional mapping to identify, and thus to preserve functional structures, including the white matter.In our first study, using intraoperative electrical stimulation, we were able to identify a large cortico-subcortical mentalizing network. The analysis of the disconnections induced by the stimulation of the white matter allowed us to clearly highlight, for the first time, the role of the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle. We also confirmed the already established role of the superior longitudinal fascicle in mentalizing. In a second study, using lesion mapping analyses in patients operated on for a diffuse low-grade glioma, we demonstrated that the long-term, non-compensatory mentalizing deficit was explained by the involvement of the arcuate fascicle. Finally, in a third study combining resting-state functional MRI and the cortical sites unmasked during surgery, we were able to identify a large cortical mentalizing networks, which were very similar to those identified by classical task-based functional imaging.In general, our findings suggest that the face-based mentalizing would require the integrity of at least two associative white matter fascicles. They also validate the combined use of resting-state functional MRI and direct cortical stimulations as an original approach to map neurocognitive networks.In addition to these fundamental considerations, our results have also clinical implications, especially regarding the intraoperative functional mapping. They also provide a better understanding of brain pathologies characterized by both mentalizing deficit and white matter impairment
Chambon, Valerian. "Modèles hiérarchiques des représentations d’actions : apports de la psychopathologie et de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20062/document.
Full textSchizophrenic patients show a reduced ability to judge or represent other people’s intentions. These difficulties in mental attribution have been the subject of detailed, though often contradictory, investigations, and we propose here to explore them at a fine-grained level of cognitive functioning. Recognizing an intention indeed requires processing of at least two different types of information: the visual information conveyed by the movement kinematics and the subject’s prior expectations about the most likely goal of the observed behaviour. In a first series of behavioural studies, we show that these two types of information differently interact depending on the type of the intention considered; that is i) according to the relationship between the observed action and the intention which causes it (motor vs. private intention), and ii) depending on whether the action situation induces, or not, domain-specific expectations (social vs. non-social intention). In a second series of studies, we show that schizophrenic patients abnormally depend on either one or the other of these two types of information. Indeed, patients with prevalent negative symptoms excessively rely on visual information conveyed by movement kinematics while the severity of negative symptoms co-varies with an exaggerated tendency to focus on prior expectations. This normal (healthy subjects) or excessive (schizophrenic patients) dependence on priors could account for a shortcut in the comparison process between perceived information and expected intentional representation, as suggested by the preliminary results of a neuroimaging study we recently conducted. We propose to interpret these results in the light of a hierarchical model of action understanding in which the intentional inference is modelled as an outcome of a cascade of top-down influences generated at each level of the cortical hierarchy, and updated with each novel observation. Furthermore, we suggest that the dynamics of this priors’ updating process may be captured by a generalization of Bayes’ theorem, optimised for each subject
Robert, Christelle. "Le réseau personnel des enfants de 4 et 5 ans : analyse fonctionnelle des choix interpersonnels." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20078.
Full textThe complexity of the social world of young children requires researchers to develop integrative models that capture the multiplicity of relationships and their dynamics. If the studies conducted with different partners separately enlighten key aspects of development, they do not show the interconnections and interdependencies between the spheres of sociability (M. Lewis, 2005). The social network paradigm is one of the interesting models that try to go beyond the dyad as a matrix for the study of interpersonal relationships. Indeed, it allows to associate in a same space the significant others of the individual (Wallon, 1954). However, the researches on young children are few (Belle, 1989b). Through this work, we want to contribute to this highly heuristic perspective. We also want to support the interest of investigating young children's personal networks directly through children's reports about their perceptions of their relationships and the way they contribute to their development. Using a comprehensive approach, we interviewed 32 children (19 girls and 13 boys), between 4 and 5 years of age (M = 53. 38, σ = 3. 18), and their parents on children's social network. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire in order to list the persons in the children's social network from their point of view. Children were met individually in a semi-directive interview. The aim was not only to determine the structural characteristics of networks, but also to examine individual figure(s)/function(s)' associations. The findings suggest that children develop personal networks that reflect their inclusion in various environments. These networks are different from those identified by parents. Children include more peers from school when parents prefer the adults of their own network. In addition, young children make some differentiations between persons in their social networks based on functions they fulfill. If parents are mentioned in all functions, other partners make a specific contribution. Thus, our study highlights the interest of the functional approach with young children. It also emphasizes their ability to participate directly in the studies that concern them
Grusenmeyer, Corinne. "De l'analyse des communications à celle des représentations fonctionnelles partagées : une application à la relève de poste." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H004.
Full textVerbal interactions are largely assumed to be a mean of structuring cognition. However methods used in work psychology are generally more focusing on human(s)task interaction than on operators' interactions. Consequently, this essential function of verbal exchanges is rarely demonstrated. This work proposes a method of analysing verbal exchanges allowing access to this function of exchanges. Dialogues contents and contexts were analysed, using a technique based on an interactionnist approach of speech acts, in order to take account of the interactive characteristic of verbal exchanges. Dialogues during shift changeover were analysed in the field of a paper manufacturing and a nuclear power plant. Shift changeover phase was particularly relevant because it can be analysed as a cooperative interaction which should permit information transferring between operators, and probably the construction of an operational functional representation of the incoming operator. The results emphasize the interest of this approach for analysing functional dialogues in work situation. Analyses done show the construction of shared functional representation by operators by mean of dialogue. These analyses point out that the shift changeover phase is not only an information transfer, but that verbal exchanges allow cooperative problem solving and support the operators' expertise improvement
Soul, Anne-Céline. "Rôle des propriétés motrices fonctionnelles et des représentations d'actions sur les troubles de la cognition spatiale d'enfants atteints d’IMC." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1522.
Full textJobard, Gaël. "La lecture de textes : aspects psychologiques et anatomo-fonctionnels." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN1359.
Full textSenoussi, Medhi. "Flexibilité temporelle et spatiale des représentations neurales d'objets visuels lors d'apprentissages." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30162.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the effect of short- and long-term learning on the visual system. We first demonstrated through electroencephalographic recordings that learning a sequence of visual stimuli induced spontaneous and selective cerebral activity to the next-to-appear stimulus and that this selective activity was expressed in the alpha and beta bands of cerebral electrical activity. Subsequently, we showed through functional magnetic resonance imaging that during long learning (three weeks) the neural representations of associated visual categories were modulated and became more similar due to learning. The work presented in this thesis has thus made it possible to better characterize the impact of learning at different time scales on the neural representations of visual objects
Chabeauti, Pierre-yves. "Adaptation des représentations internes de l’action à la microgravité : continuum fonctionnel de la perception à l’exécution." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4730/document.
Full textWhat is the role of gravity in the internal representations of action? Beyond the constraints of balance, does the gravity vector influence the action globally, up to the perception of our peers' movement? These issues have guided my thesis work. The originality of our approach was to place the execution and the perception of action in a "functional continuum" built around the internal representations of the action. To do this, the tool of choice, that is common to all three experiments presented here, is microgravity (0G). The experiments of this thesis showed that the internal representations of action are fed with graviceptive information to build and adapt constantly. However, under certain conditions such as short-term 0G, an order of priority appears. Indeed, the CNS is able to implement immediate and effective solutions, as we demonstrate it with the fast sensorial reweighting observed during a postural orientation task. However, a lag is observed in the recalibration of internal models based on sensory inputs severely disrupted. This is what we have shown through a protocol of motor imagery, showing a loss of isochrony between executed and imagined movements under 0G. Finally, we have demonstrated in subjects without any experience of microgravity, that the perception of human movement is effective even when it is performed in weightlessness, although different cerebral networks are involved
Gourcuff, Vincent. "Représentations formelles efficaces pour l'aide à la certification de contrôleurs logiques industriels." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202652.
Full textHéran, Joëlle. "Développement cognitif et représentations sociales : étude fonctionnelle du lien entre procédures d'action et représentations sociales chez des enfants de cinq à douze ans dans un jeu séquentiel à deux partenaires : le dilemme du prisonnier." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX1A003.
Full textLu, Yi. "Calcul fonctionnel non-anticipatif et applications aux processus stochastiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066418/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on various mathematical questions arising in the non-anticipative functional calculus, which is based on a notion of pathwise directional derivatives for functionals. We extend the scope and results of this calculus to functionals which may not admit such derivatives, either through approximations (Part I) or by defining a notion of weak vertical derivative (Part II). In the first part, we consider the representation of conditional expectations as non-anticipative functionals. We show that it is possible under very general conditions to approximate such functionals by a sequence of smooth functionals in an appropriate sense. This approach provides a systematic method for computing explicit approximations to martingale representations for a large class of Brownian functionals. We also derive explicit convergence rates of the approximations. These results are then applied to the problem of sensitivity analysis and dynamic hedging of (path-dependent) contingent claims. In the second part, we propose a concept of weak vertical derivative for non-anticipative functionals which may fail to possess directional derivatives. The definition of the weak vertical derivative is based on the notion of pathwise quadratic variation and makes use of the duality associated to the associated bilinear form. We show that the notion of weak vertical derivative leads to a functional characterization of local martingales with respect to a reference process, and allows to define a concept of pathwise weak solution for path-dependent partial differential equations
Shahwan, Ahmad. "Analyse de modèles géométriques d'assemblages pour les structures et les enrichir avec des informations fonctionnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071650.
Full text