Relevant bibliographies by topics / Representation spatial

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Representation spatial'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Representation spatial"

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SRIHARI, SARGUR N., and ZHIGANG XIANG. "SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 03, no. 01 (March 1989): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001489000073.

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The use of spatial knowledge is necessary in a variety of artificial intelligence and expert systems applications. The need is not only in tasks with spatial goals such as image interpretation and robot motion, but also in tasks not involving spatial goals, e.g. diagnosis and language understanding. The paper discusses methods of representing spatial knowledge, with particular focus on the broad categories known as analogical and propositional representations. The problem of neurological localization is considered in some detail as an example of intelligent problem-solving that requires the use of spatial knowledge. Several solutions for the problem are presented: the first uses an analogical representation only, the second uses a propositional representation and the third uses an integrated representation. Conclusions about the different representations for building intelligent systems are drawn.
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McNamara, Timothy P. "Spatial representation." Geoforum 23, no. 2 (May 1992): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7185(92)90012-s.

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Fiantika, F. R., and S. P. Setyawati. "Representation, representational transformation and spatial reasoning hierarchical in spatial thinking." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1321 (October 2019): 022056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1321/2/022056.

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Masser, Ian, and Peter J. B. Brown. "SPATIAL REPRESENTATION AND SPATIAL INTERACTION." Papers in Regional Science 38, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1977.tb00992.x.

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Hayward, William G., and Michael J. Tarr. "Spatial language and spatial representation." Cognition 55, no. 1 (April 1995): 39–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)00643-y.

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Jacobson, Lowell D., and Harry Wechsler. "Joint spatial/spatial-frequency representation." Signal Processing 14, no. 1 (January 1988): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1684(88)90043-6.

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De Hevia, Maria-Dolores, Luisa Girelli, Emanuela Bricolo, and Giuseppe Vallar. "The representational space of numerical magnitude: Illusions of length." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 61, no. 10 (October 2008): 1496–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210701560674.

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In recent years, a growing amount of evidence concerning the relationships between numerical and spatial representations has been interpreted, by and large, in favour of the mental number line hypothesis—namely, the analogue continuum where numbers are spatially represented (Dehaene, 1992; Dehaene, Piazza, Pinel, & Cohen, 2003). This numerical representation is considered the core of number meaning and, accordingly, needs to be accessed whenever numbers are semantically processed. The present study explored, by means of a length reproduction task, whether besides the activation of lateralized spatial codes, numerical processing modulates the mental representation of a horizontal spatial extension. Mis-estimations of length induced by Arabic numbers are interpreted in terms of a cognitive illusion, according to which the elaboration of magnitude information brings about an expansion or compression of the mental representation of spatial extension. These results support the hypothesis that visuo-spatial resources are involved in the representation of numerical magnitude.
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MASUYAMA, Eitaro. "Spatial representation of colors." Japanese journal of ergonomics 24, no. 2 (1988): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.24.93.

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Boubezari, Mohammed, and Jos‐Luis Bento Coelho. "Spatial representation of soundscape." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 5 (May 2004): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4782264.

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von Hecker, Ulrich, Ulrike Hahn, and Jasmine Rollings. "Spatial representation of coherence." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 145, no. 7 (July 2016): 853–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000176.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Representation spatial"

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Laakso, Aarre. "The significance of spatial representation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935455.

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Magnani, Barbara <1982&gt. "The spatial representation of time." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4724/.

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Numerosi studi mostrano che gli intervalli temporali sono rappresentati attraverso un codice spaziale che si estende da sinistra verso destra, dove gli intervalli brevi sono rappresentati a sinistra rispetto a quelli lunghi. Inoltre tale disposizione spaziale del tempo può essere influenzata dalla manipolazione dell’attenzione-spaziale. La presente tesi si inserisce nel dibattito attuale sulla relazione tra rappresentazione spaziale del tempo e attenzione-spaziale attraverso l’uso di una tecnica che modula l’attenzione-spaziale, ovvero, l’Adattamento Prismatico (AP). La prima parte è dedicata ai meccanismi sottostanti tale relazione. Abbiamo mostrato che spostando l’attenzione-spaziale con AP, verso un lato dello spazio, si ottiene una distorsione della rappresentazione di intervalli temporali, in accordo con il lato dello spostamento attenzionale. Questo avviene sia con stimoli visivi, sia con stimoli uditivi, nonostante la modalità uditiva non sia direttamente coinvolta nella procedura visuo-motoria di AP. Questo risultato ci ha suggerito che il codice spaziale utilizzato per rappresentare il tempo, è un meccanismo centrale che viene influenzato ad alti livelli della cognizione spaziale. La tesi prosegue con l’indagine delle aree corticali che mediano l’interazione spazio-tempo, attraverso metodi neuropsicologici, neurofisiologici e di neuroimmagine. In particolare abbiamo evidenziato che, le aree localizzate nell’emisfero destro, sono cruciali per l’elaborazione del tempo, mentre le aree localizzate nell’emisfero sinistro sono cruciali ai fini della procedura di AP e affinché AP abbia effetto sugli intervalli temporali. Infine, la tesi, è dedicata allo studio dei disturbi della rappresentazione spaziale del tempo. I risultati ci indicano che un deficit di attenzione-spaziale, dopo danno emisferico destro, provoca un deficit di rappresentazione spaziale del tempo, che si riflette negativamente sulla vita quotidiana dei pazienti. Particolarmente interessanti sono i risultati ottenuti mediante AP. Un trattamento con AP, efficace nel ridurre il deficit di attenzione-spaziale, riduce anche il deficit di rappresentazione spaziale del tempo, migliorando la qualità di vita dei pazienti.
Numerous studies showed that time intervals are represented via a spatial code ascending from left to right, where shorter intervals are represented to the left of longer intervals. There is also evidence that, this temporal-spatial line, can be manipulated by manipulating the spatial-attention direction. The present thesis contributes to the current debate on the relationship between spatial representation of time and spatial-attention by using a technique to modulate spatial-attention, i.e. Prismatic-Adaptation (PA). In a first part we wondered about the behavioral mechanisms of the spatial-attention and time interaction. We showed that a shift of spatial-attention toward a side of space by PA, induces a distortion of the representation of time stimuli according to the side of attentional manipulation. This is true for time stimuli presented in visual modality but also in auditory modality that is not directly involved in the visuo-motor procedure of PA. This results suggested that the spatial code used to represent time, is a very centralized representation that is affected by spatial operations at high levels of spatial cognition. We followed with the investigation of the cortical areas subtending the space-time interaction. With neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods, we found that areas in the right hemisphere are selectively related to the pure processing of time, while areas in the left hemisphere are selectively related to the success of PA procedure and to the effects of PA on time. Finally, we focused on the study of the pathology of the spatial representation of time. We found that a spatial-attention deficit, following a right hemispheric stroke, induces a deficit in the spatial representation of time that reflects in patients’ daily life. Moreover we found that a PA treatment, effective in reducing the spatial-attention deficit, also reduces the spatial representation of time disorder, improving patients’ quality of life.
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El-Geresy, Baher. "Qualitative representation and reasoning for spatial and spatio-temporal systems." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403330.

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Fleming, Piers F. "Processing and representation of spatial descriptions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423900.

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Thrash, Tyler. "Categorical bias in transient and enduring spatial representation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1302800868.

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Hostetter, Michael. "Analogical representation in temporal, spatial, and mnemonic reasoning." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040545/.

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Lenc, Karel. "Representation of spatial transformations in deep neural networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:87a16dc2-9d77-49c3-8096-cf3416fa6893.

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This thesis addresses the problem of investigating the properties and abilities of a variety of computer vision representations with respect to spatial geometric transformations. Our approach is to employ machine learning methods for finding the behaviour of existing image representations empirically and to apply deep learning to new computer vision tasks where the underlying spatial information is of importance. The results help to further the understanding of modern computer vision representations, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image classification and object detection and to enable their application to new domains such as local feature detection. Because our theoretical understanding of CNNs remains limited, we investigate two key mathematical properties of representations: equivariance (how transformations of the input image are encoded) and equivalence (how two representations, for example two different parameterizations, layers or architectures share the same visual information). A number of methods to establish these properties empirically are proposed. These methods reveal interesting aspects of their structure, including clarifying at which layers in a CNN geometric invariances are achieved and how various CNN architectures differ. We identify several predictors of geometric and architectural compatibility. Direct applications to structured-output regression are demonstrated as well. Local covariant feature detection has been difficult to approach with machine learning techniques. We propose the first fully general formulation for learning local covariant feature detectors which casts detection as a regression problem, enabling the use of powerful regressors such as deep neural networks. The derived covariance constraint can be used to automatically learn which visual structures provide stable anchors for local feature detection. We support these ideas theoretically, and show that existing detectors can be derived in this framework. Additionally, in cooperation with Imperial College London, we introduce a novel large-scale dataset for evaluation of local detectors and descriptors. It is suitable for training and testing modern local features, together with strictly defined evaluation protocols for descriptors in several tasks such as matching, retrieval and verification. The importance of pixel-wise image geometry for object detection is unknown as the best results used to be obtained with combination of CNNs with cues from image segmentation. We propose a detector which uses constant region proposals and, while it approximates objects poorly, we show that a bounding box regressor using intermediate convolutional features can recover sufficiently accurate bounding boxes, demonstrating that the required geometric information is contained in the CNN itself. Combined with other improvements, we obtain an excellent and fast detector that processes an image only with the CNN.
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Andersson, Elin, and Hanna Bengtsson. "Geovisualisering: En rumslig representation av data." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43221.

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Internet of things ger oss möjligheten att kunna identifiera, kontrollera och övervaka objekt över hela världen. För att mängden rådata som strömmar in ska kunna skapa mening och insikter till människan krävs det att den presenteras på rätt sätt. Studien undersöker därför om geovisualisering bättre kan möta människans kognitiva förmåga vid intag och tolkning av information. Geovisualisering innebär att rumslig data kan utforskas på en karta via en interaktiv display och är en länk mellan den mänskliga beslutsprocessen, interaktiva gränssnitt och data [21]. Mer forskning behövs inom området för att undersöka hur geovisualisering kan ta plats i system där stora datamängder behöver presenteras på ett överskådligt sätt och stödja beslutsprocesser. Studien syftar till att jämföra geovisualiseringar med ett befintligt system som tillhandahåller kontinuerlig uppdatering och övervakning av nätverkskameror genom utförande av användbarhetstester och intervjuer. Det som undersökts är om geovisualisering kan ge en ökad förståelse och bättre interaktion i ett utrymme som efterliknar den fysiska världen, samt undersöka potentiella problem för att hitta framtida förbättringar. Resultaten visade att navigering och informationsöverbelastning var återkommande problem under testerna av det befintliga systemet. För geovisualiseringarna visade resultaten det motsatta då de istället underlättade förståelsen för interaktion och information. Vissa problem identifierades dock för de framtagna geovisualiseringarna, som exempelvis dess begränsade interaktion och misstolkningar av objekt. Trots detta visade det sig vara fördelaktigt att placera ut enheter i deras verkliga miljö med hjälp av geovisualisering då det bidrog till en bättre översikt och förståelse av systemets sammanhang.
The Internet of Things gives us the ability to identify, control and monitor objects around the world. In order to get meaning and knowledge from the amount of raw data, it needs to be presented in the right way for people to get insights from it. The study therefore examines whether geovisualization can better meet human cognitive ability in  interpretation of information. Geovisualization means that spatial data can be explored on a map through an interactive display and is a link between the human decision-making process, interactive interfaces and data [21]. More research is needed in the area to investigate how geovisualization can take place in systems where large amounts of data needs to be presented and how it can support decision-making processes. The study aims to compare geovisualizations with an existing system that provides continuous updating and monitoring of network cameras by performing usability tests and interviews. Geovisualization has been investigated to see if it can contribute an increased understanding and better navigation in a space that mimics the physical world, as well as investigate potential problems to find future improvements. The results proved that navigation and information overload were recurring problems during the tests of the existing system. For the geovisualizations, the results proved the opposite as they instead facilitated the understanding of navigation and information. However, some problems were identified for the developed geovisualizations, such as its limited interaction and misinterpretations of objects. Despite this, it proved to be advantageous to place units in their real environment using geovisualization as it contributed to a better overview and understanding of the system's context.
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Goulette, Jean-Pierre. "Representation des connaissances spatiales pour la conception architecturale. Contribution au raisonnement spatial qualitatif." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30202.

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Cette etude debute par un bref historique des recherches menees dans les champs de la cao architecturale et de la modelisation du processus de conception. Ce processus est complexe, les problemes de conception en architecture sont mal structures, et, dans sa demarche de conception, l'architecte met en avant des connaissances particulieres qui lui permettent de mieux definir son probleme : les references architecturales. Parmi ces references, nous nous interessons au savoir relatif a la composition architecturale a travers l'exemple d'un element privilegie, a la fois compose et composant, la baie. Nous procedons a l'analyse des descriptions textuelles d'elements d'architecture constituant la baie dans le vocabulaire de l'architecture. Nous rejoignons ainsi certains travaux menes en semantique formelle de l'espace, travaux qui prennent pour point de depart l'etude de textes decrivant des phenomenes spatiaux. Nous presentons ces travaux qui mettent en evidence le fait que la geometrie classique ne suffit pas pour representer et calculer le discours sur l'espace : il faut aussi prendre en compte des niveaux topologique, fonctionnel et pragmatique. Nous reprenons, en les adaptant a notre propos, les resultats de ces travaux. L'analyse des descriptions textuelles d'elements d'architecture et de leurs compositions nous permet de specifier les caracteristiques d'une geometrie pour la cao en architecture. En nous inspirant des theories axiomatiques de la mereotopologie, nous proposons un ensemble de definitions formelles (en logique des predicats) des elements et des relations constituant un cadre d'enonciation des connaissances relatives a la composition des baies en architecture. Nous disposons ainsi d'un langage formel permettant d'exprimer certaines lois de la composition architecturale et de raisonner sur les proprietes des compositions et de leurs constituants. Une maquette logicielle illustre concretement certains resultats de notre etude.
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Wallace, Desmond D. "The diffusion of representation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7041.

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An important feature of a democratic society is the notion that the actions and decisions of elected representatives reflect their constituents’ preferences. Existing research shows multiple ways an elected official “represents” the opinions of the public. For example, some elected officials represent their constituents’ preferences absent their personal beliefs and opinions, while other representatives choose to make decisions based on their beliefs absent the views of their constituents. Despite the proliferation in political representation research, one area that has received little attention from scholars is whether the actions of elected officials and their constituents have an influence on how representative elected officials in other jurisdictions are of their constituents. The failure to capture the non-independent features of representation leads to scholars not understanding fully the opinion-policy relationship between politicians and the public. The goal of this project is to examine the role elected leaders’ actions, individually and collectively, have regarding the relationship elected leaders in other jurisdictions have with their constituents. Using advanced methodological approaches, I investigate whether elected officials’ actions in one jurisdiction influence the representation relationship between contemporary elected officials and their constituents in other jurisdictions and whether this influence is positive or negative. For this project, I focus exclusively on the policy-related actions of elected officials and the policy preferences of constituents. The advanced methodological techniques I use allow me to model the actions of an individual politician, or an entire government, as dependent on the actions of their neighbors. I find that accounting for the interdependence among representatives is crucial for understanding political representation.
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Books on the topic "Representation spatial"

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Qualitative representation of spatial knowledge. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Hernández, Daniel, ed. Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0020328.

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Pobil, Angel Pasqual, and Miguel Angel Serna, eds. Spatial Representation and Motion Planning. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60620-3.

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E, Hoffman James, ed. Spatial representation: From gene to mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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Algorithmic foundation of multi-scale spatial representation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2007.

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Li, Zhilin. Algorithmic foundation of multi-scale spatial representation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Blackledge, J. M. Spatial data representation for rotation invariant correlation. Leicester: De Montfort University, SERCentre, 1996.

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Thomas, R. W. Some spatial representation problems in disease modelling. Manchester: University of Manchester, Centre for Urban Policy Studies, 1988.

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Discrete representation of spatial objects in computer vision. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Casati, Roberto. Parts and places: The structures of spatial representation. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Representation spatial"

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Tambassi, Timothy. "Spatial Representation." In SpringerBriefs in Geography, 39–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78145-3_3.

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Landau, Barbara, and Laura Lakusta. "Spatial language and spatial representation." In Typological Studies in Language, 309–33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.66.18lan.

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Raskin, Robert. "Knowledge Representation, Spatial." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 603–4. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_671.

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Weik, Martin H. "spatial partitioning representation." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1626. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17822.

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Ricker, Dennis W. "The Spatial Representation." In Echo Signal Processing, 407–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0312-5_7.

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Raskin, Robert. "Knowledge Representation, Spatial." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23519-6_671-2.

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Raskin, Robert. "Knowledge Representation, Spatial." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 1107–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_671.

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Berendt, Bettina, Thomas Barkowsky, Christian Freksa, and Stephanie Kelter. "Spatial Representation with Aspect Maps." In Spatial Cognition, 313–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69342-4_15.

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Peacocke, Christopher. "Spatial Perception, Magnitudes, and Analogue Representation." In Spatial Senses, 49–69. 1 [edition]. | New York : Taylor & Francis, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in contemporary philosophy ; 122: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315146935-4.

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Visser, Ubbo. "Spatial Representation and Reasoning." In Intelligent Information Integration for the Semantic Web, 75–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28636-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Representation spatial"

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Ke, Xi-lin, Qing-sheng Guo, Yue-peng Zhang, and Ping Gao. "Multi-scale terrain representation and terrain analysis." In International Symposium on Spatial Analysis, Spatial-temporal Data Modeling, and Data Mining, edited by Yaolin Liu and Xinming Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.837528.

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Waldon, S., and A. Meystel. "Multiresolutional spatial knowledge representation." In the first international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/55674.55732.

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Li, JingZhong, and Tinghua Ai. "A multiple representation data model based on state and behavior." In International Symposium on Spatial Analysis, Spatial-temporal Data Modeling, and Data Mining, edited by Yaolin Liu and Xinming Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.837720.

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Meng, Nina, Tinghua Ai, Xiaodong Zhou, and Xincheng Guo. "Formal representation for gradual changes of spatial relations between regional objects." In International Symposium on Spatial Analysis, Spatial-temporal Data Modeling, and Data Mining, edited by Yaolin Liu and Xinming Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.838286.

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Gao, Zhenji, Xiaoming Wang, and Guanghong Zeng. "Study on landmark-based qualitative positional representation." In Second International Conference on Spatial Information Technology, edited by Cheng Wang, Shan Zhong, and Jiaolong Wei. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.774818.

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Yulianti, Santy, and Winci Firdaus. "Spatial Representation of Baduy Tribe." In 2nd Annual Conference on Social Science and Humanities (ANCOSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210413.050.

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Morales, A., and G. Sciavicco. "Using Temporal Logic for Spatial Reasoning: Spatial Propositional Neighborhood Logic." In Thirteenth International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/time.2006.34.

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Huang, Zhengdong, Jie Li, and Xiaotang Xia. "Representation and application of bus system at the lowest level of detail." In International Symposium on Spatial Analysis, Spatial-temporal Data Modeling, and Data Mining, edited by Yaolin Liu and Xinming Tang. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.837290.

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Wang, Zuocheng, Lixia Xue, and Yunpeng Xiao. "Spatial uncertain region representation based on cloud model." In Second International Conference on Spatial Information Technology, edited by Cheng Wang, Shan Zhong, and Jiaolong Wei. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.775343.

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Sarthou, Guillaume, Aurélie Clodic, and Rachid Alami. "Semantic Spatial Representation: a unique representation of an environment based on an ontology for robotic applications." In Proceedings of the Combined Workshop on Spatial Language Understanding (. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-1606.

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Reports on the topic "Representation spatial"

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Schunn, Christian D., Lelyn D. Saner, J. G. Trafton, Susan B. Trickett, Susan K. Kirschenbaum, Michael Knepp, and Melanie Shoup. The Evolution of Spatial Representation During Complex Visual Data Analysis: Knowing When and How to be Exact. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada445030.

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Lovett, Andrew, Morteza Dehghani, and Kenneth Forbus. Constructing Spatial Representations of Variable Detail for Sketch Recognition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470425.

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Schunn, C. D. A Review of Human Spatial Representations Computational, Neuroscience, Mathematical, Developmental, and Cognitive Psychology Considerations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440864.

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De Sapio, Vincent. The application of quaternions and other spatial representations to the reconstruction of re-entry vehicle motion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/990959.

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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Galvin, Jeff, and Sarah Studd. Vegetation inventory, mapping, and characterization report, Saguaro National Park: Volume III, type descriptions. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284802.

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The Sonoran Desert Network (SODN) conducted a vegetation mapping and characterization effort at the two districts of Saguaro National Park from 2010 to 2018. This project was completed under the National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory, which aims to complete baseline mapping and classification inventories at more than 270 NPS units. The vegetation map data were collected to provide park managers with a digital map product that meets national standards of spatial and thematic accuracy, while also placing the vegetation into a regional and national context. A total of 97 distinct vegetation communities were described: 83 exclusively at the Rincon Mountain District, 9 exclusively at the Tucson Mountain District, and 5 occurring in both districts. These communities ranged from low-elevation creosote (Larrea tridentata) shrub-lands spanning broad alluvial fans to mountaintop Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests on the slopes of Rincon Peak. All 97 communities were described at the association level, each with detailed narratives including lists of species found in each association, their abundance, landscape features, and overall community structural characteristics. Only 15 of the 97 vegetation types were existing “accepted” types within the NVC. The others are newly de-scribed and specific to Saguaro National Park (and will be proposed for formal status within the NVC). This document is Volume III of three volumes comprising the Saguaro National Park Vegetation Mapping Inventory. This volume provides full type descriptions of the 97 associations identified and mapped during the project, and detailed in Volume I. Volume II provides abridged versions of these full descriptions, briefly describing the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation and showing representative photos of associations, their distribution, and an example of the satellite imagery for one polygon.
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Clausen, Jay, Samuel Beal, Thomas Georgian, Kevin Gardner, Thomas Douglas, and Ashley Mossell. Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41241.

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Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamination of surface soils on small-arms ranges, but representative kilogram-sized ISM subsamples are affected by the range of metallic residue particle sizes in the sample. This study compares the precision and concentrations of metals in a small-arms range soil sample processed by a puck mill, ring and puck mill, ball mill, and mortar and pestle prior to analysis. The ball mill, puck mill, and puck and ring mill produced acceptable relative standard deviations of less than 15% for the anthropogenic metals of interest (Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)), with the ball mill exhibiting the greatest precision for Pb, Cu, and Zn. Precision by mortar and pestle, without milling, was considerably higher (40% to >100%) for anthropogenic metals. Media anthropogenic metal concentrations varied by more than 40% between milling methods, with the greatest concentrations produced by the puck mill, followed by the puck and ring mill and then the ball mill. Metal concentrations were also dependent on milling time, with concentrations stabilizing for the puck mill by 300 s but still increasing for the ball mill over 20 h. Differences in metal concentrations were not directly related to the surface area of the milled sample. Overall, the tested milling methods were successful in producing reproducible data for soils containing metallic residues. However, the effects of milling type and time on concentrations require consideration in environmental investigations.
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