Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentation tridimensionnelle'
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Medina, Bañuelos Verónica. "Représentation tridimensionnelle de l'activité électrique cérébrale." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD432.
Full textPonce, Jean. "Représentation des objets tridimensionnels." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112369.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the geometric representation of three-dimensional objects in the context of computer vision. The thesis is divided into three parts: generalized cylinders and their images, CAD (Computer Aided Design) models, range images measured with a laser rangefinder. In the first part, the differential geometry of straight homogeneous generalized cylinders (SHGC's) is studied. The results obtained are used to prove several new uniqueness results, to characterize the silhouette of SHGC's, and to prove several properties of the contours of these objects which are independent from the viewing direction. These properties are used in turn for image segmentation. A CAD system is described in the second part. Complex solids are obtained by combining SHGC's through set operations. A hierarchical data structure is used to compute the set operations in an efficient and robust manner. The system described includes fast and powerful rendering algorithms and tools for building and modifying easily primitives and complex objects. In the third part, range images are represented at different scales by their principal curvatures and directions. An analytical representation of range discontinuities is used to segment these images. A graph of smooth surfaces separated by these discontinuities is built, and these surfaces are described by their lines of curvature, by planar and spherical regions, and by certain types of generalized cylinders
Rolland, Franck. "Représentation tridimensionnelle et reconstruction 3D à partir de coupes 2D." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339648.
Full textHeurtebise, Xavier. "Représentation multirésolution et déformation d’objets 3D définis par énumérations spatiales." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11074.
Full textCaumon, Guillaume. "Représentation, visualisation et modification de modèles volumiques pour les Géosciences." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_CAUMON_G.pdf.
Full textSoufflet, Laurent. "Représentation tridimensionnelle de l'activité électrique cérébrale : localisation des sources génératrices de l'EEG." Mulhouse, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MULH0184.
Full textFayolle, Pierre-Alain. "Reconstruction 3D d'objets par une représentation fonctionnelle." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2057.
Full textBrosset, David. "Description d'itinéraire en milieu naturel : modèle intégré de description verbale et de représentation spatiale au sein des SIG." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004345.
Full textThe aim of this research is oriented to the development of a modeling pathway between verbal route descriptions made in natural environment and geo-referenced information. The objective is to identify a conceptual and structural relationship between a navigation description and a spatial representation. The approach is experimented in the context of foot orienteering. The experimental results obtained have supported derivation of a logical model of navigation knowledge in natural environments. The model developed is based on actions and landmarks. The results are compared to similar studies made in urban environments. On top of the proposed model, we introduce an ant colony based algorithm whose objective is to geo-localize routes described in natural environment. A prototype validates the approach and shows that the algorithm performs with acceptable computing time, and that it provides acceptable solutions
Baere, Campos Neves José Alberto. "Contribution à la construction automatique de représentation 3D d'objets solides." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD171.
Full textPrat, Sylvain. "Compression et visualisation de grandes scènes 3D par représentation à base topologique." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S039.
Full textIf visualization applications of 3D scenes are now widespread since the advent of powerful 3D graphics cards allowing real-time 3D rendering, the rendering of large 3D scenes remains problematic because of the too many 3D primitives to handle during the short period of time elapsing between two successive image frames. On the other hand, the democratisation of the Internet at home creates new needs, including the need to navigate into large 3D environments through a network. Applications are indeed numerous: video games, virtual tourism, geolocalization (GPS), virtual architecture, 3d medical imaging. . . Within this context, users exchange and share information regarding the virtual environment over the network. The subject of this thesis is in-between these two issues. We are interested in the special case of viewing virtual cities in a "communicating" fashion where 3D data pass over the network. This type of application raises two major problems: first, the selection of relevant data to be transmitted to the user, because it's too expensive to transmit the full 3D environment before the navigation starts; on the other hand, taking into account the network constraints: low bandwidth, latency, error tolerance. In this thesis, we propose several contributions: a generic compression method, suitable for the compression of volume meshes, a method for constructing and partitioning 3D urban scenes from buildings footprints, and an optimized method for building complex surfaces from a polygon soup
Tassy, Olivier. "Représentation digitale du développement embryonnaire : le système NISEED et ses applications dans l'étude des ascidies." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX22005.
Full textGaillard, Jeremy. "Représentation et échange de données tridimensionnelles géolocalisées de la ville." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2023/document.
Full textAdvances in 3D data acquisition techniques (laser scanning, photography, etc.) has led to a sharp increase in the quantity of available 3D geolocated data. More and more cities provide the scanned data on open access platforms. To ensure the intercompatibility of different data sources, standards have been developed for exchange protocols and file formats. Moreover, thanks to new web standards and the increase in processing power of personal devices, it is now possible to integrate rich content, such as 3D applications, directly in a web page. These two elements make it possible to share and exploit 3D city data into a web browser.The subject of my thesis, co-financed by the Oslandia company, is the 3D representation of city data on the Web. More precisely, the goal is to retrieve and visualize a great quantity of city data from one or several distant servers in a thin client. This data is heterogenous: it can be 3D representations of buildings (meshes) or terrain (height maps), but also semantic information such as pollution levels (volume data), the position of bike stations (points) and their availability, etc. During my thesis, I explored various ways of organising this data in generic structures in order to allow the progressive transmission of high volumes of 3D data. Taking into account the multiscale nature of the city is a key element in the design of these structures. Adapting the visualisation of the data to the user is another important objective of my thesis. Because of the high number of uses of 3D city models, the user’s needs vary greatly: some specific areas are of higher interest, data has to be represented in a certain way... I explore different methods to satisfy these needs, either by priroritising some data over others during the loading stage, or by generating personalised scenesbased on a set of preferences defined by the user
Taleb-Ahmed, Abdelmalik. "Étude de techniques de représentation 3D d'objets biologiques à partir d'acquisitions radiologiques X et IRM, applications en neuroradiologie et en morphogenèse céphalique." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10026.
Full textLeray, Pascal. "Modélisation et architecture de machines de sysnthèse d'images pour la représentation d'images et le rendu d'objets tri-dimensionnels (3D)sur écrans graphiques à balayage." Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020117.
Full textSolid modelling and image rendering are the two fundamental tasks for 3d image synthesis a solid modelling is used to represent internal 3d data base, strongly correlated with mental representation of the world in the humain brain. B image rendering is used to display realistic images of our 3d world : it can be coupled with the drawing possibilities of mankind. But at present in our graphic workstations, these two tasks are not associated, at the difference of the humain beeing, which analyses in real time what he draws, and compares it to its mental representations of the environment. The first goal of this report is to analyse existing tools which are currently used in tasks a and b after we describe two new solutions for : a direct digititizing system of 3d objects a new architecture for rendering at the end, we introduce the new concept of neural networks, and we explain how it could be used to perform tasks a and b , as it is associated in the humain brain with image analysis by shape from shading techniques. Conclusion is a projection on future image synthesis systems, where 3d object analysis based on shape from shading and neural network could be tightly coupled with image rendering. These two processes could be at that time reversible, giving large new possibilities to computer design, picture data bases
Chang, Euy-Hyun. "Contribution à la représentation des données et des connaissances pour la modélisation d'objets tridimensionnels." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD138.
Full textNavarro, Laurent. "Représentation tridimensionnelle de la phase d'un signal dans un plan temps-fréquence. Contribution à l'analyse des signaux quasi-stationnaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00294663.
Full textLa transformée de Fourier à court terme d'un signal est réalisée par convolution de ce dernier avec une fenêtre glissante par rapport au temps. Il en résulte une distribution complexe dans un plan temps-fréquence, où un module et une phase peuvent être calculés.
Le module de la transformée de Fourier à court terme d'un signal contient des informations fréquentielles, dont la précision est limitée par le principe d'inégalité temps-fréquence d'Heisenberg-Gabor. La phase quant à elle contient des informations de localisation temporelle des fréquences beaucoup plus précises que le module, cependant ces informations sont très difficiles à interpréter de manière directe. Les spectrogrammes de fréquence et de phase constituent une solution intéressante pour pallier cette difficulté mais des limitations existent, notamment en ce qui concerne le choix d'un seuil énergétique d'observation.
La formulation continue des spectrogrammes de fréquence et de phase est introduite et étudiée dans ce manuscrit. Celle-ci permet un développement mathématique, pour des signaux dont l'expression analytique est connue, de la phase instantanée. L'analyse de processus quasi stationnaires permet une interprétation du comportement de ces nouvelles représentations et permet ainsi de mettre en évidence certaines de leurs propriétés.
En conséquence, un nouveau concept de représentations tridimensionnelles temps-fréquence-phase et temps-fréquence-faibles variations de fréquence est créé. Ces représentations tridimensionnelles sont réalisées par une opération de "mapping" des spectrogrammes de fréquence et de phase sur le module carré de la transformée de Fourier à court terme.
Les spectrogrammes de fréquence et de phase tridimensionnels ainsi créés permettent l'observation directe des variations de phase et des faibles variations de fréquence en tenant compte des amplitudes (énergie répartie dans le plan temps-fréquence). L'opération de seuillage n'est donc plus nécessaire ou devient seulement une aide à l'interprétation et non pas une limitation de la représentation.
Ces nouvelles représentations se révèlent être des outils performants dans le cadre de l'étude de signaux quasi-stationnaires, comme les signaux musicaux ou les signaux biomédicaux. Elles ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives car elles présentent de manière simple des informations qui nécessitaient auparavant de nombreuses manipulations pour être accessibles.
Boyé, Simon. "Représentation hybride pour la modélisation géométrique interactive." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767367.
Full textOrzan, Alexandrina. "Images basées sur les contours : représentation, création et manipulation." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0179.
Full textThis thesis proposes a novel image primitive—the diffusion curve. This primitive relies on the principle that images can be defined via their discontinuities, and concentrates image features along contours. The diffusion curve can be defined in vector graphics, as well as in raster graphics, to increase user control during the process of art creation. The vectorial diffusion curve primitive augments the expressive powers of vector images by capturing complex spatial appearance behaviours. Diffusion curves represent a simple and easy to manipulate support for complex content representation and edition. In raster images, diffusion curves define a higher level structural organization of the pixel image. This structure is used to create simplified or exaggerated representations of photographs in a way consistent with the original image content. Finally, a fully automatic vectorization method is presented, that converts raster diffusion curve to vector diffusion curve
Popov, Valentin. "Contribution à la représentation et à la résolution du problème de conception déclarative de scènes 3D en synthèse d'image." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2306.
Full textHaumont, Dominique. "Calcul et représentation de l'information de visibilité pour l'exploration interactive de scènes tridimensionnelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210880.
Full textLes méthodes d'affichage interactives permettent à l'utilisateur d'explorer des environnements virtuels en réalisant l'affichage des images à une cadence suffisamment élevée pour donner une impression de continuité et d'immersion. Malgré les progrès réalisés par le matériel, de nouveaux besoins supplantent toujours les capacités de traitement, et des techniques d'accélération sont nécessaires pour parvenir à maintenir une cadence d'affichage suffisante. Ce travail s'inscrit précisemment dans ce cadre. Il est consacré à la problématique de l'élimination efficace des objets masqués, en vue d'accélérer l'affichage de scènes complexes. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé aux méthodes de précalcul, qui effectuent les calculs coûteux de visibilité durant une phase de prétraitement et les réutilisent lors de la phase de navigation interactive. Les méthodes permettant un précalcul complet et exact sont encore hors de portée à l'heure actuelle, c'est pourquoi des techniques approchées leur sont préférée en pratique. Nous proposons trois méthodes de ce type.
La première, présentée dans le chapitre 4, est un algorithme permettant de déterminer de manière exacte si deux polygones convexes sont mutuellement visibles, lorsque des écrans sont placés entre eux. Nos contributions principales ont été de simplifier cette requête, tant du point de vue théorique que du point de vue de l'implémentation, ainsi que d'accélérer son temps moyen d'exécution à l'aide d'un ensemble de techniques d'optimisation. Il en résulte un algorithme considérablement plus simple à mettre en oeuvre que les algorithmes exacts existant dans la littérature. Nous montrons qu'il est également beaucoup plus efficace que ces derniers en termes de temps de calcul.
La seconde méthode, présentée dans le chapitre 5, est une approche originale pour encoder l'information de visibilité, qui consiste à stocker l'ombre que générerait chaque objet de la scène s'il était remplacé par une source lumineuse. Nous présentons une analyse des avantages et des inconvénients de cette nouvelle représentation.
Finalement, nous proposons dans le chapitre 6 une méthode de calcul de visibilité adaptée aux scènes d'intérieur. Dans ce type d'environnements, les graphes cellules-portails sont très répandus pour l'élimination des objets masqués, en raison de leur faible coût mémoire et de leur grande efficacité. Nous reformulons le problème de la génération de ces graphes en termes de segmentation d'images, et adaptons un algorithme classique, appelé «watershed», pour les obtenir de manière automatique. Nous montrons que la décomposition calculée de la sorte est proche de la décomposition classique, et qu'elle peut être utilisée pour l'élimination des objets masqués.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ibañez, Gomez Luis Eduardo. "Détection, représentation et modélisation de structures 3D en imagerie médicale : application à l'étude de la morphologie et la fonctionnalité des os longs." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10089.
Full textPudlo, Philippe. "Contribution à l'analyse et à l'optimisation du geste du rameur en aviron." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/19711ce0-7095-4385-a8b8-a067254059da.
Full textBen, Hmida Helmi. "From quantitative spatial operators to qualitative spatial relationships : a new approach applied to the detection and the semantic qualification of 3D objects." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS081/document.
Full textThis work presents the 3D Spatial Qualification tool (3DSQ) which was created tocompute spatial data stored in OWL-DL ontology. By using the adjustment principle ofan existing ontology, it is then possible to add 3D data to existing objects and computetheir spatial relationships from their 3D models. The 3DSQ Platform makes an attempt toensure the interaction between heterogeneous environments. Actually, such a semanticplatform connects an adjusted OWL ontology structure, a 3D quantification engine, avisualization engine and a set of geometry via knowledge processing technologymaterialized via SWRL, SQWRL rules and SPARQL queries within its extended Built-Ins. The created Spatial Built-Ins are connected to the presented quantification engine andenable qualifying semantic spatial relationships. This will mainly help us to not just applysemantic queries selecting geometry based on such a qualified relationship, but also tobenefit from the richness of the knowledge based schema, from a logical point of view. Itincludes the semantic definition and the implementation of the standard 3D spatialrelationships and uses sophisticated geometry data structure like NEF Polyhedra. Itfurther describes the implementation of the suggested bridge by the means of the NEFPolyhedra operation and the DLs definition of spatial relation.In addition, this thesis presents an application of the 3DSQ platform. It is argued that therepresentation of spatial information is not a fundamental limitation of OWL, wherelinking top level semantic qualification with low level quantitative calculation is highlypossible and efficient via the OWL-DL expressive power. This efficiency is carried outby the semantic rule system, and the geometry data structure required for therepresentation of spatial regions. In fact, such a semantic qualification based ondescription logic (DLs), and OWL ontologies enable much more efficient and intelligentspatial analysis semantically. To prove the feasibility and to validate the 3DSQ Platformwithin its quantitative and qualitative 3D spatial operators, real applied areas related toBuilding Information Model (BIM), IFC and especially 3D point clouds data wereaddressed. Given the complexity of the underlying problems, the suggested new methodsresort to using semantic knowledge, in particular, to support the object detection andqualification. In this context, a novel approach which makes use of the 3DSQ platformand benefits from intelligent knowledge management strategies to qualify objects will bediscussed. It is based on the semantics of different associated domains to assist inknowledge formalization where Knowledge helps in the qualification process, and can beclearly palpable through the thesis.Such a conception will bring solutions to the problem raised by the syntactic exchangelevel between CAD software packages, IFCs or 3D point cloud geometries. Moreover, allrelations between the different geometries are defined by elements suggested in thisthesis. In fact, these relations define how elements can interact. Such a semantic can onlybe synthetized, used and invested by OWL ontology structure with all the robustness ofthe Description Logics
Darles, Emmanuelle. "Représentation et rendu de l’océan en synthèse d’images réalistes." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2ad0d72b-74d1-4984-ba70-1e253c8bd256/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4037.pdf.
Full textNowadays, computer generated images are very present in our everyday life. Realism of these images is increasing, surprising and it isn’t often easy to distinguish the reality of the virtuality, this reality made by all the complexity of the natural phenomena which surround us. Water is one of these phenomena among which the variety and the dynamic comportment produce complex representation. We are interested in this thesis in its most area shape, that of the oceans, which are a part integral of our landscapes. At first, we study the methods allowing the simulation and rendering of the ocean in the physical domain and in computer graphics. In the second chapter, we propose a new rendering method unified allowing a faster visualization of ocean surface and allowing to approximate scattering and sub-scattering exchanges of light, foam and glare effects. In the chapter 3, we are interested to breaking waves by proposing a new physical based adaptive approach allowing to reproduce this phenomenon and to reduce time of calculations imposed by the resolution of equations of the fluid mechanics in 3D. In the fourth chapter, we extend this model by proposing a hierarchical approach allowing a stronger acceleration of the process of resolution and to obtain a simulation close to interactivity
Lambert, de Cambray Béatrix. "Etude de la modélisation de la manipulation et de la représentation de l'information spatiale tridimensionnelle dans les bases de données géographiques." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066518.
Full textBenseddik, Housseme-Eddine. "Estimation de la rotation 3D : approches denses et génériques basées images sphériques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE045.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of location and motion estimation in the context of spherical image analysis. More specifically, the purpose of this manuscript is the development of generic algorithms for estimating 3D rotation between images captured by conventional and non-conventional (catadioptric, fisheye, ...) monocular camera. The main contributions of the thesis are based on the exploitation of the rich intensity information available in the image, notably omnidirectional, to accomplish the estimation of the 3D rotation, including the large ones. A first contribution is to propose a new representation for image intensity as a 3D object of spherical topology. The coefficients of the spherical harmonics transform computation, directly from the object mesh, is accompanied by the SVD decomposition, allowing to estimate the rotation which links the two images. The second contribution of the thesis is a closed form solution for estimating the rotation based on a dense and indirect strategy of perceiving the image intensity, which may be achieved by spherical photometric moments. The established theoretical formalism opts to define an analytical modeling of the interaction matrix relative to the photometric moments. Using the properties of this solution, we propose three approaches to estimate the 3D rotation between two spherical images. The conducted performance study show that our approaches allow to efficiently determine 3D rotation of the spherical image. Finally, several experimental scenarios are proposed and evaluated. This included the indoor and outdoor environments
Viswanathan, Kartik. "Représentation reconstruction adaptative des hologrammes numériques." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0012/document.
Full textWith the increased interest in 3D video technologies for commercial purposes, there is renewed interest in holography for providing true, life-like images. Mainly for the hologram's capability to reconstruct all the parallaxes that are needed for a truly immersive views that can be observed by anyone (human, machine or animal). But the large amount of information that is contained in a hologram make it quite unsuitable to be transmitted over existing networks in real-time. In this thesis we present techniques to effectively reduce the size of the hologram by pruning portions of the hologram based on the position of the observer. A large amount of information contained in the hologram is not used if the number of observers of an immersive scene is limited. Under this assumption, parts of the hologram can be pruned out and only the requisite parts that can cause diffraction at an observer point can be retained. For reconstructions these pruned holograms can be propagated numerically or optically. Wavelet transforms are employed to capture the localized frequency information from the hologram. The selection of the wavelets is based on the localization capabilities in the space and frequency domains. Gabor and Morlet wavelets possess good localization in space and frequency and form good candidates for the view based reconstruction system. Shannon wavelets are also employed for this cause and the frequency domain based application using the Shannon wavelet is shown to provide fast calculations for real-time pruning and reconstruction
Genevaux, Jean-David. "Représentation, modélisation et génération procédurale de terrains." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22013/document.
Full textThis PhD (entitled "Representation, modelisation and procedural generation of terrains") is related to movie and videogames digital content creation, especially natural scenes.Our work is dedicated to handle and to generate landscapes efficently. We propose a new model based on a construction tree inside which the user can handle parts of the terrain intuitively. We also present techniques to efficently visualize such model. Finally, we present a new algorithm for generating large-scale terrains exhibiting hierarchical structures based on their hydrographic networks: elevation is generated in a broad compliance to water-tansport principles without having to resort on costly hydraulic simulations
Ayache, Nicholas. "Construction et fusion de représentations visuelles (3D) : applications à la robotique mobile." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112132.
Full textGuillon, Sylvie. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modèle simulé d'un télémètre laser." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112354.
Full textThis thesis presents work results about an optical laser diode range finder for short distance measurements in robotics, and possibility of application in 3D vision. Its principle lies on an amplitude modulation of the optical beam, and a direct detection of the distance by measuring the phase shift corresponding to the propagation time of the modulated beam. This research presents :- the description of the laser range finder used, with its theoritical and practical performances. - the interest of a simulation of the functioning for an application in robotics. - the detailed characterization of the detected signal and its perturbations, for this simulation. - the results of the simulations. - experimental profile records realized with this laser range finder
Samrouth, Khouloud. "Représentation et compression à haut niveau sémantique d’images 3D." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0025/document.
Full textDissemination of multimedia data, in particular the images, continues to grow very significantly. Therefore, developing effective image coding schemes remains a very active research area. Today, one of the most innovative technologies in this area is the 3D technology. This 3D technology is widely used in many domains such as entertainment, medical imaging, education and very recently in criminal investigations. There are different ways of representing 3D information. One of the most common representations, is to associate a depth image to a classic colour image called texture. This joint representation allows a good 3D reconstruction, as the two images are well correlated, especially along the contours of the depth image. Therefore, in comparison with conventional 2D images, knowledge of the depth of field for 3D images provides an important semantic information about the composition of the scene. In this thesis, we propose a scalable 3D image coding scheme for 2D + depth representation with advanced functionalities, which preserves all the semantics present in the images, while maintaining a significant coding efficiency. The concept of preserving the semantics can be translated in terms of features such as an automatic extraction of regions of interest, the ability to encode the regions of interest with higher quality than the background, the post-production of the scene and the indexing. Thus, firstly we introduce a joint and scalable 2D plus depth coding scheme. First, texture is coded jointly with depth at low resolution, and a method of depth data compression well suited to the characteristics of the depth maps is proposed. This method exploits the strong correlation between the depth map and the texture to better encode the depth map. Then, a high resolution coding scheme is proposed in order to refine the texture quality. Next, we present a global fine representation and contentbased coding scheme. Therefore, we propose a representation and coding scheme based on "Depth of Interest", called "3D Autofocus". It consists in a fine extraction of objects, while preserving the contours in the depth map, and it allows to automatically focus on a particular depth zone, for a high rendering quality. Finally, we propose 3D image segmentation, providing a high consistency between colour, depth and regions of the scene. Based on a joint exploitation of the colour and depth information, this algorithm allows the segmentation of the scene with a level of granularity depending on the intended application. Based on such representation of the scene, it is possible to simply apply the same previous 3D Autofocus, for Depth of Interest extraction and coding. It is remarkable that both approaches ensure a high spatial coherence between texture, depth, and regions, allowing to minimize the distortions along object of interest's contours and then a higher quality in the synthesized views
Damiand, Guillaume. "Définition et étude d'un modèle topologique minimal de représentation d'images 2d et 3d." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00211340.
Full textPour répondre à ce problème, nous définissons d'abord la carte topologique en dimension 2 en ayant comme préoccupation principale son extension en dimension supérieure. Nous introduisons une notion de niveau de simplification qui permet une définition progressive, chaque niveau s'obtenant simplement à partir du niveau précédent par application d'un type particulier de fusion. Cette notion permet de simplifier la définition de la carte topologique qui correspond au dernier niveau. Ces niveaux de simplification s'étendent sans difficulté majeure en dimension 3, et en dimension n. Ils facilitent également l'étude de la carte topologique et la preuve de ses propriétés. Ce modèle est en effet minimal, complet, invariant par rotation, translation et homothétie, et unique.
Nous présentons des algorithmes d'extraction permettant de construire ce modèle à partir d'images segmentées. Un premier algorithme << naïf >> effectue plusieurs passes sur l'image et n'est pas linéaire en dimension 3. Nous étudions ensuite un algorithme optimal d'extraction, basé sur la notion de précode, effectuant un seul balayage de l'image et un nombre minimal d'opérations. Les niveaux de simplification permettent de regrouper les nombreux cas à traiter, en étudiant pour chaque niveau les cas supplémentaires par rapport au niveau précédent.
Blache, Ludovic. "Représentation dynamique de modèles d'acteurs issus de reconstructions multi-vues." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS012/document.
Full text4D multi-view reconstruction technologies are more and more used in media production due to their abilities to produce a virtual clone of an actor from a simple video acquisition performed by a set of multi-viewpoint cameras. This approach is a major advance for the composition of animations which mix virtual and real images, and also offers new possibilities for the rendering of such complex hybrid scenes. The work described in this thesis takes parts in the RECOVER 3D project which aims at developing an innovative industrial framework for TV production, based on multi-view reconstruction, from studio acquisition to broadcasting. The major drawback of the methods used in this context is that they are not adapted to the reconstruction of dynamic scenes. The output are time series which describe the successive poses of the actor, figured as a sequence of static objects. The goal of this thesis is to transform these initial results into a dynamic 3D object where the actor is figured as an animated character. The research detailed in this manuscript presents two main contributions. The first one is centered on the computation of a motion flow which represents the displacements occurring in the reconstructed scene between two consecutive poses. The second one presents a mesh animation process that leads to the animation of a 3D model from one pose to another, following the motion flow. This two-step operation is repeated throughout the entire pose sequence to finally obtain a single animated mesh that matches the evolving shape of the reconstructed actor. Results show that our method is able to produce a temporally consistent mesh animation from various sequences of visual hulls
Bahi, Abdelmadjid. "Segmentation de surfaces représentées par des nuages de points non organisés." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10210.
Full textTehari, Abdenour. "Analyse morphologique de modèles pour décrire un produit par des caractéristiques, en fonction du point de vue." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10027.
Full textAubel, Laforgue Sylvie. "Un nouveau média pour l'aménagement urbain intégrant un système d'information géographique et un outil de représentation vériste et tridimensionnelle du paysage : application à l'étude du projet urbain de Saint Pierre de Chartreuse." Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10168.
Full textBruley, Christophe. "Analyse des représentations graphiques de l'information : extensions aux représentations tridimensionnelles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10083.
Full textGourmel, Olivier. "Mélange de surfaces en temps réel : visualisation, contrôle des déformations et application à la modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30046/document.
Full textImplicit surfaces have been considered during the eightees as a promising alternative to parametric surfaces (NURBS patches, etc...). They are defined as the set of points having the same value of a scalar field, thus spliting the space into two volumes. Their volumetric nature confers them interesting properties for geometric modeling: the topology of objects is handled automatically, geometries are guaranteed to be manifold and they can produce smooth blendings of objects easily. However, they were abandoned at the beginning of the 21st century due to the limitations they impose: they are computationally expensive to evaluate and to display, and the shape of the transition between objects is difficult to control. This thesis proposes new solutions to these problems in implicit surfaces modeling. First of all, it is shown that the use of a new object-partitioning structure, mixing the properties of a bounding volume hierarchy and a Kd-Tree, makes it possible to raytrace a large number of implicit primitives at interactive frame rates. Therefore it allows real time visualization of fluid-like shapes, defined as an isosurface of a potential field computed as the sum of simple primitives. Simple composition operators of implicit surfaces, such as the sum operator, allow a fast computation of a potential field combining thousands of primitives. Nevertheless, the shape of the resulting surfaces is organic and difficult to control. In this thesis, a new kind of composition operators is proposed, which takes both the value and the gradient of the source potential fields as input. These operators give much more control on the shape of the surfaces, and they avoid the classical problems of implicit surfaces composition, such as bulging at the intersection of two primitives or blending of surfaces at a distance. Finally, a new skeleton-based animation technique is presented which reproduces the deformations of some implicit surfaces on a given mesh. We define a potential field as the composition of implicit primitives generated at the bones of the skeleton. Thus each motion of the skeleton will cause distortions in the associated potential field. These distortions can be reproduced on the mesh by moving each of its vertices to the isosurface of the potential field corresponding to their initial potential value. This technique is able to produce rapidly realistic deformations on the limbs of an articulated model of a body
Guennebaud, Gaël. "Algorithmes pour le rendu temps-réel de haute qualité des géométries basées points." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30226.
Full textIn the context of real-time image synthesis, this thesis investigate the use of points as a display primitve. We propose a complete rendering pipeline of point-based geometries which has the particularity to maintain a very high rendering quality both in case of under-sampled or over-sampled models while maintaining real-time performances. To reach these goals, we present both an adaptation of the surface splatting algorithm to modern graphics cards, and a new technique called deferred splatting which defers filtering operations in order to perform them on visible points only. Finally, in similar fashion to subdivision surfaces for polygonal meshes, we proposed an interpolatory refinement framework allowing to dynamically reconstruct a smooth surface from a scattered and/or under-sampled point based model
Vasseur, Marc. "Pertinence de l'utilisation du LiDAR terrestre pour l'acquisition de données 3D à des fins de représentations cadastrales (condominiums)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25235.
Full textGholizadeh, Behrouz. "Représentation par triangulation de la surface d'objets tridimensionnels." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112336.
Full textIn this thesis have two methods been developed for the approximation of 3D object surfaces. These surfaces are sampled with several hundreds of thousands of points which are located on a regular lattice of meridian and parallel lines ln a first approach, we limited ourselves to a method of data compression in which triangulation of the abject is derived from slices of parallels and meridians. This technic is inexpensive, easy to implement but suffers from limited performances (compression ratio and accuracy of representation). The second method we next developed makes use of progressive polyhedral approximation of 3D object surfaces. In this method we begin with an initial polyhedron, the triangular facets of which are recursively split with a strategy that allows the control of not only the number of facets in the representation but also the geometric quality of this representation Very good results have been obtained with various objects and different numbers of facets ranging from 1000 to 12 000
Séqueira, Jean. "Modélisation interactive d'objets de forme complexe à partir de données hétérogènes : application à la représentation géométrique des organes du corps humain." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2028.
Full textChevrier, Christine. "Génération de séquences composées d'images de synthèse et d'images vidéo." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10121.
Full textThe visual impact assessment of architectural projects in urban environments is usually based on manual drawings, paintings on photographs, scale models or computer-generated images. These techniques are either too expensive or not realistic enough. Strictly using computer images means requiring an accurate 3D model of the environment. Computing such a model takes a long time and the results lack of visual accuracy. Our technique of overlaying computer generated images onto photographs of the environment is considerably more effective and reliable. This method is a promising solution regarding computation time (no accurate 3D model of the environment) as weIl as visual realism (provided by the photograph itself). Such a solution requires nevertheless to solve lots of problems in order to get geometrical and photometrical coherence in the resulting image. To this end, image analysis and image synthesis methods have to be designed and developed. The method is generalized to produce an animated film, and can furthermore greatly increase the realism of the simulation. My Ph. D. Work was to test and integrate various image analysis and synthesis techniques for the composition of computer generated images with pictures or video film. This report explains the steps required for a realistic encrustation. For each of these steps, various techniques were tested in order to be able to choose the most suitable solutions according to the state of the most recent researches and to the applications we were dealing with (architectural and urban projects). The application of this work was the simulation of the Paris Bridges illumination projects. Concurrently to this work, I present a new method for the interpolation of computer images for the generation of a sequence of images. This method requires no approximation of the camera motion. Since video images are interlaced, sequences of computer images need to be interleaved too. The interpolation technique we propose is capable of doing this
Mekkaoui, Mourad. "Outil de base en vue d'une approche de description d'informations en vision par ordinateur : Application aux tâches opératoires." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0f570e9a-ec9a-4b93-a893-f529cfd94c26.
Full textCamonin, Martine. "Mephisto : un outil de validation de modèles tridimensionnels." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10149.
Full textGhafouri, Gharavi Mohammad. "Représentations sensori-motrices du geste graphique dans l'espace tridimensionnel." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10017.
Full textThe goal of this work was to study the representation of the peri-personnal space in man. This investigation is performed by analysing the arm movement in the three-dimensional space. This movement consisted in the production of drawing movements -ellipses- executed in the three anatomical reference planes: the sagittal, the frontal and the horizontal. By selecting this experimental paradigm, we consider the movement as the expression of a cognitif processus per se: the perceptual motor representation of the three-dimensional space. The drawing movements in the space were recorded by means of the Vicon three-dimensional motion analyser. In the first part of this work, a comparative study has been done about the mental representation of the space and the influence of the visual information. The results of this first part showed that the motor representation of the anatomical reference planes was anisotropic. In the second part, we have studied the influence of the nature of the movement on the production of oriented figure in the space. In this part, the ellipses have been produced by drawing and by pointing. The results confirmed the anisotropy found in the first part of our work. In the third part, the performance of elderly subjects -not suffering of any neurosensorial deficiency- has been studied. The anisotropy in the motor representation of the space, observed for the elderly subjects, can be interpreted as a shrinking of the representation of the peri-personnal space
Li, Fan. "Segmentation and Symbolic Representation of Brain Vascular Network : Application to ArterioVenous Malformations." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1048/document.
Full textThe processing and analysis of 3D Rotational Angiographic images (3DRA) of high spatial resolution to facilitate intervention planning in interventional neuroradiology is a new and booming research area. Neuroradiologists need interactive tools for the planning of embolization procedures and the optimization of the guidance of micro-catheters during endovascular interventions. The exploitation of imaging data to help in diagnosis and treatment requires the development of robust algorithms and efficient methods. These methods allow integrating information included in these images in order to extract useful anatomical descriptors during preoperative and peroperative phases.This thesis is dedicated to the development of a complete processing pipeline including segmentation, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and symbolic representation of cerebral vessels from 3DRA images, aiming to facilitate the embolization intervention planning for the treatment of cerebral ArterioVenous Malformations (AVMs).The first part of the work is devoted to the study of the different approaches used for the segmentation of vessels. Two segmentation methods are then proposed. First, a 2D slice-by-slice segmentation method is developed, followed by a robust vessel tracking process that enables detecting bifurcations and further following several branches of the same vessel. A mesh based on the Constrained Delaunay triangulation allows then the 3D reconstruction and visualization of the obtained vessels. An automated 3D segmentation method of 3DRA images is then developed, which presents the advantage of being faster and processing the whole 3D volume of images. This method is region growing based. The 3D process starts from an initial pre-segmented slice using the geodesic reconstruction, where the seeds are automatically placed. Finally, a representation of the vasculature is obtained, in which these three entities are clearly visible: the feeding arteries, the draining veins and the nidus.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the symbolic representation of the vessels. The hierarchical study of the skeleton allows giving a graphic description of the cerebral vascular network. From this graphic description, the vessels and their branches are labeled and one or more vessels can be isolated from the rest of network for a more accurate visual analysis, which is not possible with the original 3D reconstructions. Moreover, this improves the determination of the optimal paths for the AVM embolization and reduces the complexity due to the entanglement of the malformed vessels.The complete processing pipeline thus developed leads to a precise 3D description of the vessels. It allows a better understanding of the cerebral vascular network structure and provides the possibility to neuroradiologists of extracting anatomical and geometric descriptors (size, diameter...) of the vessels. Finally, a verification step of the results by a neuroradiology expert enabled clinical validation of the 3D segmentation and reconstruction results. The integration of the developed algorithms in a user-friendly graphical interface should be achieved to allow the exploitation of our results in clinical routine
Perriollat, Mathieu. "Paramétrisation et reconstruction des surfaces développables à partir d'images." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731113.
Full textDe, Luca Livio. "Relevé et multi-représentations du patrimoine architectural : définition d'une approche de reconstruction 3D d'édifices." Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0009.
Full textThe acquisition of the spatial data in architecture has known in these last years significant progress due to the development of new laser-based measuring techniques. In parallel, several geometrical three-dimensional processing techniques (point-cloud segmentation, surface reconstruction, depth maps, parametric modeling, image-based modeling, etc. ) allow to produce 3D geometrical representations for the analysis of the object at various levels of details and for various purposes (real-time navigation, measurement and shape analyses, mechanical studies, etc. ). However, starting from the 3D digitized point clouds, the representation problems are essential, because an efficient 3D reconstruction process of a building requires architectural knowledge interpretations to describe architectural objects. This thesis propose an approach to drive the 3D reconstruction operations using a whole of historical knowledge specific to the architectural forms layout. A semantic description model is used as common denominator between various geometrical representations and information sets extracted from the surveying process. The digital models obtained can be exploited for the constitution of patrimonial databases. Within this framework, an approach to structure the digital models witch describe the building according with spatial and architectural requirements has been developed. The digital mock-up thus produced plays a strategic role to support real-time navigation into the virtual representation of the building and to manage the interactions with its associated documentary sources. The documentary information and the multiple geometrical representations of the objects constituting the building can to be managed and updated in a dynamic way according to various user points of views such as
Gomand, Julien. "Analyse de systemes multi-actionneurs paralleles par une approche graphique causale : application a un processus electromecanique de positionnement rapide." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENAM0043.
Full textAbstract : High-dynamic positioning systems are required to increase production rates. A dual-drive gantry configuration is a mechanical solution which offers higher acceleration levels. However, the two parallel collaborative linear actuators have to be perfectly synchronized. Actual control solutions for such an electromechanical device shows complex control structures, without real consideration of the mechanical coupling, which leads to compensator tuning difficulties. The proposed approach is model based, using physical causality ordering laws. First of all, the gantry axis is used as an example to study the graphical properties of the Causal Ordering Graph (COG) formalism, developed by the L2EP laboratory. It simplifies the structural analysis of physical systems, and facilitates the identification of independent state variables to be controlled. A dynamic model of the considered gantry axis is then established, and experimental identification methods are developed. Inversion-based decoupling motion control allows simple tuning methods and leads to improved synchronizing performances. The compensation of force ripples generated by permanent magnet linear synchronous motors and the global system energetic control are also studied