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Journal articles on the topic 'Representational bias'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Stone, Christopher, and Larry Bull. "For Real! XCS with Continuous-Valued Inputs." Evolutionary Computation 11, no. 3 (2003): 299–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106365603322365315.

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Many real-world problems are not conveniently expressed using the ternary representation typically used by Learning Classifier Systems and for such problems an interval-based representation is preferable. We analyse two interval-based representations recently proposed for XCS, together with their associated operators and find evidence of considerable representational and operator bias. We propose a new interval-based representation that is more straightforward than the previous ones and analyse its bias. The representations presented and their analysis are also applicable to other Learning Cla

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Jeerakathil, T. J., and A. Kirk. "A representational vertical bias." Neurology 44, no. 4 (1994): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.44.4.703.

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Tumarkin, Maria. "Crumbs of memory: Tracing the ‘more-than-representational’ in family memory." Memory Studies 6, no. 3 (2013): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698013482648.

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This article concerns itself with exploring some of the ways in which we can move beyond the ‘cognitive bias’ within social memory studies. A key obstacle to engaging with the kinds of manifestations of remembering that cannot be reduced to intentional and conscious articulations or representations of the mediated past is a deeply entrenched opposition between representational and non-representational (or declarative and non-declarative) mnemonic practices. It strikes me that this opposition is, at least partially, a product of early thinking on memory and trauma, in which affect and represent

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Suthers, Daniel. "Towards a Systematic Study of Representational Guidance for Collaborative Learing Discourse." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 7, no. (3) (2001): 254–77. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-007-03-0254.

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The importance of collaborative and social learning processes is well established, as is the utility of external representations in supporting learners' active expression, examination and manipulation of their own emerging knowledge. However, research on how computer-based representational tools may support collaborative learning is in its infancy. This paper motivates such a line of research, sketches a theoretical analysis of the roles of constraint and salience in the representational guidance of collaborative learning discourse, and reports on an initial study that compared textual, graphi

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Ricci, Raffaella, Jesse Calhoun, and Anjan Chatterjee. "Orientation Bias in Unilateral Neglect: Representational Contributions." Cortex 36, no. 5 (2000): 671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70544-6.

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Cai, Ming Bo, Nicolas W. Schuck, Jonathan W. Pillow, and Yael Niv. "Representational structure or task structure? Bias in neural representational similarity analysis and a Bayesian method for reducing bias." PLOS Computational Biology 15, no. 5 (2019): e1006299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006299.

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Holé, Julie, Karen T. Reilly, Stuart Nash, and Gilles Rode. "Caloric Vestibular Stimulation Reduces the Directional Bias in Representational Neglect." Brain Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060323.

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Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) can temporarily reduce visuospatial neglect and related symptoms. The present study examined the effect of CVS on representational neglect during free exploration of the map of France. We asked patients to name cities they could mentally “see” on the map of France, without giving them any directional instructions related to the left or right sides of the map. In right brain damaged patients with left visuospatial neglect, the mental representation of the map was asymmetrical (favoring the right side). After stimulation, neglect patients named more towns on

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Toribio, Josefa. "Implicit Bias: from social structure to representational format." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 33, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.17751.

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In this paper, I argue against the view that the representational structure of the implicit attitudes responsible for implicitly biased behaviour is propositional—as opposed to associationist. The proposal under criticism moves from the claim that implicit biased behaviour can occasionally be modulated by logical and evidential considerations to the view that the structure of the implicit attitudes responsible for such biased behaviour is propositional. I argue, in particular, against the truth of this conditional. Sensitivity to logical and evidential considerations, I contend, proves to be a

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Mueller, Carol. "Media Measurement Models of Protest Event Data." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 2, no. 2 (1997): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.2.2.n043476m01q7463u.

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Growing interest in quantitative studies of social movements and protest cycles attests to the vigor of protest event analysis as a strategy for investigating the protopolitical processes of collective claimsmaking in democratic states and emerging democracies. Increasing investments in protest events research has also led to growing concern about sources of measurement error that stem from reliance on media data sources. Using Blalock's conception of auxiliary measurement models, this article traces two alternative treatments of measurement bias in the literature on events analysis. The two a

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McBeath, Michael K., and Kazunori Morikawa. "Forward-Facing Motion Biases for Rigid and Nonrigid Biologically Likely Transformations." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3_suppl (1997): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3f.1187.

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When observers are presented directionally ambiguous motion, they exhibit a bias for experiencing movement in the direction in which shapes appear to face. We examined the influence of rigidity of a shape on the forward-facing bias with stimuli whose directionality is biologically specified. In general, the lack of shape correspondence during a nonrigid transformation should weaken the motion percept and decrease forward-facing bias. In contrast, representational momentum cues associated with a biologically likely nonrigid transformation should enhance the motion percept and increase forward-f

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Michel, Carine, Patrick Quercia, and Lise Joubert. "Representational Bias in the Radial Axis in Children With Dyslexia: A Landmarks Alignment Study." Journal of Learning Disabilities 52, no. 2 (2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219418784281.

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To better identify the distinctive characteristics of space representation in the radial dimension, we have proposed a new paradigm: the landmarks alignment task where two parallel aluminum bars were radially presented. Children had to move a landmark along one bar and place it at the same location as the reference landmark placed by the examiner on the parallel bar. The major interest of this task was its capacity to assess space representation in the radial dimension when considering a spatial landmark that oriented the subject’s attention toward the orthogonal dimension. The most important

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Bloemendaal, Renn M. I., and Steven Willemsen. "Plants and the Anthropomorphic Bias of Narrative: Experientiality and Time Lapse in Contemporary Nature Documentary." Storyworlds: A Journal of Narrative Studies 14, no. 1 (2022): 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1353/stw.2022.a963516.

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Abstract: Narratology and narrative studies have seen a renewed interest in representations of the nonhuman, such as animals, cosmic events, or climate change. But to what degree is narrative, which is often said to be inherently anthropomorphic, suited for the nonhuman representation of plants? This article argues that plants have a unique relationship with the anthropomorphic bias of narrative, as they need to bridge both a temporal and a cognitive gap to fit within what is generally recognized as a story. Examining a case from the BBC's The Green Planet , we show how audiovisual representat

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McGeorge, Peter, Nicoletta Beschin, Alessandra Colnaghi, Maria Luisa Rusconi, and Sergio Della Sala. "A lateralized bias in mental imagery: Evidence for representational pseudoneglect." Neuroscience Letters 421, no. 3 (2007): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.05.050.

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Gao, Guizai, Dongmei Jie, Lidan Liu, et al. "Assessment and calibration of representational bias in soil phytolith assemblages in Northeast China and its implications for paleovegetation reconstruction." Quaternary Research 90, no. 1 (2018): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.5.

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AbstractThe assessment and calibration of representational bias in modern soil phytolith assemblages provide the basis for improving interpretation of fossil phytolith assemblages. We studied soil phytolith representation by comparing phytoliths from living plant communities with those from paired surface soils, representing 39 plant communities in Northeast China. Together with the use of representation indices, the 34 and 30 soil morphotypes observed in forest and grassland samples, respectively, were both classified into the following four groups: “Associated types” were similarly represent

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Brooks, Joanna L., Robert H. Logie, Robert McIntosh, and Sergio Della Sala. "Representational Pseudoneglect in an Auditory-Driven Spatial Working Memory Task." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 64, no. 11 (2011): 2168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.575948.

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Two experiments explored lateralized biases in mental representations of matrix patterns formed from aural verbal descriptions. Healthy participants listened, either monaurally or binaurally, to verbal descriptions of 6 by 3 matrix patterns and were asked to form a mental representation of each pattern. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge which half of the matrix, left or right, contained more filled cells and to rate the certainty of their judgement. Participants tended to judge that the left side was fuller than the right and showed significantly greater certainty when judging

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Wu, Yankun, Yuta Nakashima, and Noa Garcia. "Stable Diffusion Exposed: Gender Bias from Prompt to Image." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society 7 (October 16, 2024): 1648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aies.v7i1.31754.

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Several studies have raised awareness about social biases in image generative models, demonstrating their predisposition towards stereotypes and imbalances. This paper contributes to this growing body of research by introducing an evaluation protocol that analyzes the impact of gender indicators at every step of the generation process on Stable Diffusion images. Leveraging insights from prior work, we explore how gender indicators not only affect gender presentation but also the representation of objects and layouts within the generated images. Our findings include the existence of differences

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Agmon, Shunit, Plia Gillis, Eric Horvitz, and Kira Radinsky. "Gender-sensitive word embeddings for healthcare." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 29, no. 3 (2021): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocab279.

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Abstract Objective To analyze gender bias in clinical trials, to design an algorithm that mitigates the effects of biases of gender representation on natural-language (NLP) systems trained on text drawn from clinical trials, and to evaluate its performance. Materials and Methods We analyze gender bias in clinical trials described by 16 772 PubMed abstracts (2008–2018). We present a method to augment word embeddings, the core building block of NLP-centric representations, by weighting abstracts by the number of women participants in the trial. We evaluate the resulting gender-sensitive embeddin

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Osisanwo, Ayo. "“This Virus is a Common Threat to All Humans”: Discourse Representation of COVID-19 in Selected Newspaper Editorials." ATHENS JOURNAL OF MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS 8, no. 1 (2022): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajmmc.8-1-4.

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Existing studies on viruses with bias for COVID-19 have mainly been carried out from non-linguistic fields. Linguistics-related studies have not examined the media representation of COVID-19 since it is a recent development. This study, therefore, identifies the representational strategies, discourse structures and discourse strategies deployed by selected newspapers in representing COVID-19 and associated participants. Data were retrieved from selected COVID-19-related editorials from four purposively selected countries and continents across the world: New York Times (USA, North America), The

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Merz, Simon, Christian Frings, and Charles Spence. "Tactile temporal offset cues reduce visual representational momentum." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 83, no. 5 (2021): 2113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-021-02285-2.

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AbstractThe perception of dynamic objects is sometimes biased. For example, localizing a moving object after it has disappeared results in a perceptual shift in the direction of motion, a bias known as representational momentum. We investigated whether the temporal characteristics of an irrelevant, spatially uninformative vibrotactile stimulus bias the perceived location of a visual target. In two visuotactile experiments, participants judged the final location of a dynamic, visual target. Simultaneously, a continuous (starting with the onset of the visual target, Experiments 1 and 2) or brief

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Toth, Cory, and Andrew Kirk. "A Normal Bias Toward a Pictorially Defined Top in Line Bisection." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 23, no. 2 (1996): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100038816.

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ABSTRACT:Background: We set out to determine whether separable visual and representational components underlie normal subjects’ upward and distal biases in bisecting vertical and radial lines under visual guidance. Methods: Thirty-four normal subjects were asked to bisect lines oriented horizontally, vertically, and radially. Human silhouette figures were placed at either end of each line. These figures were presented upright or upside down in order to pictorially define a “top” to each line independent of the actual top of the visual field. Results: Although subjects erred toward the top of t

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Widdowson, Alex. "Representational risks associated with interview-based animated documentaries." Animation Practice, Process & Production 11, no. 1 (2022): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ap3_00032_1.

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This article provides an analysis of representational issues associated with interview-based animated documentary productions directed by non-autistic filmmakers, attempting to represent one or more autistic participants. The article draws insights from three case studies: A Is for Autism (), An Alien in the Playground () and the author’s own practice-based research film, Drawing on Autism (). Drawing insights from psychoanalysis, film theory and ethnography, the article will examine animated documentary practice in terms of the risks of Othering participants, look for evidence of the filmmake

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Steen, Patricia A., Matthew Mason, Lanchi Pham, Yann Lefebvre, and Peter W. Hickmott. "Axonal bias at a representational border in adult rat somatosensory cortex (S1)." Journal of Comparative Neurology 500, no. 4 (2006): 634–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.21199.

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Nicholls, Michael E. R., and Alissandra M. McIlroy. "Spatial Cues Affect Mental Number Line Bisections." Experimental Psychology 57, no. 4 (2010): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000037.

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Numerical magnitude is coded left-to-right along a mental number line (MNL). The MNL can be distorted by an attentional bias directed to the left side, known as pseudoneglect – making the left of the MNL appear longer. We investigated whether this distortion can be corrected using spatial cues. Participants (n = 17) made forced-choice discriminations of relative numerical length while spatial cues were presented to the left, right, and both sides. Overall, participants overestimated the leftward length of the MNL, consistent with the effect of pseudoneglect. The bias was present for left- and

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Yan, Zichao, William L. Hamilton, and Mathieu Blanchette. "Graph neural representational learning of RNA secondary structures for predicting RNA-protein interactions." Bioinformatics 36, Supplement_1 (2020): i276—i284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa456.

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Abstract Motivation RNA-protein interactions are key effectors of post-transcriptional regulation. Significant experimental and bioinformatics efforts have been expended on characterizing protein binding mechanisms on the molecular level, and on highlighting the sequence and structural traits of RNA that impact the binding specificity for different proteins. Yet our ability to predict these interactions in silico remains relatively poor. Results In this study, we introduce RPI-Net, a graph neural network approach for RNA-protein interaction prediction. RPI-Net learns and exploits a graph repre

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Zhang, Zheyu, Gang Yang, Yueyi Zhang, et al. "TMFormer: Token Merging Transformer for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 7 (2024): 7414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i7.28572.

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Numerous techniques excel in brain tumor segmentation using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, delivering exceptional results. However, the prevalent absence of modalities in clinical scenarios hampers performance. Current approaches frequently resort to zero maps as substitutes for missing modalities, inadvertently introducing feature bias and redundant computations. To address these issues, we present the Token Merging transFormer (TMFormer) for robust brain tumor segmentation with missing modalities. TMFormer tackles these challenges by extracting and merging accessible

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Camilleri, Adrian R., and Ben R. Newell. "The role of representation in experience-based choice." Judgment and Decision Making 4, no. 7 (2009): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001315.

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Abstract Recently it has been observed that different choices can be made about structurally identical risky decisions depending on whether information about outcomes and their probabilities is learned by description or from experience. Current evidence is equivocal with respect to whether this choice “gap” is entirely an artefact of biased samples. The current experiment investigates whether a representational bias exists at the point of encoding by examining choice in light of decision makers’ mental representations of the alternatives, measured with both verbal and nonverbal judgment probes

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Merz, Simon. "Motion Perception Investigated Inside and Outside of the Laboratory." Experimental Psychology 69, no. 2 (2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000545.

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Abstract. Representational Momentum and Representational Gravity describe systematic perceptual biases, occurring for the localization of the final location of a moving stimulus. While Representational Momentum describes the systematic overestimation along the motion trajectory (forward shift), Representational Gravity refers to a systematic localization bias in line with gravitational force (downward shift). Those phenomena are typically investigated in a laboratory setting, and while previous research has shown that online studies perform well for different task, motion perception outside of

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Vaid, Jyotsna, Rebecca Rhodes, Sumeyra Tosun, and Zohra Eslami. "Script Directionality Affects Depiction of Depth in Representational Drawings." Social Psychology 42, no. 3 (2011): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000068.

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This research examined the influence of directional reading/writing habits on the representation of depth in a scene. Participants with English vs. Arabic language backgrounds were asked to represent an imagined scene containing two houses, a “near house” and a “far house.” Nearly all participants drew the near house larger than the far house and drew the near house before drawing the far house. However, significant group differences in spatial strategies and movement biases were noted. Whereas the majority of native English readers drew the near house on the left side of the page and the far

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Wan, Yan, Shira L. Broschat, and Douglas R. Call. "Validation of Mixed-Genome Microarrays as a Method for Genetic Discrimination." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 5 (2007): 1425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01647-06.

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ABSTRACT Comparative genomic hybridizations have been used to examine genetic relationships among bacteria. The microarrays used in these experiments may have open reading frames from one or more reference strains (whole-genome microarrays), or they may be composed of random DNA fragments from a large number of strains (mixed-genome microarrays [MGMs]). In this work both experimental and virtual arrays are analyzed to assess the validity of genetic inferences from these experiments with a focus on MGMs. Empirical data are analyzed from an Enterococcus MGM, while a virtual MGM is constructed in

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Yao, Xiaobai A. "Is there a paradigm shift for GIS data representation and analysis?" Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-420-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the era of big data, and particularly location-based big data, GIScience is facing significant challenges. The traditional data representational and analytical models have been primarily limited to the view of Newtonian space and time. However, the contemporary enormous amount of location-based social media data and other forms of voluntary geographical data has greatly enhanced the potential to expand the horizon of the field of GIScience by including data that represent more aspects of human activities in the world. For instance, human inter

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Faghihi, Nafiseh, Omar Garcia, and Jyotsna Vaid. "Spatial bias in figure placement in representational drawing: Associations with handedness and script directionality." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 24, no. 5 (2018): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357650x.2018.1561708.

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Afzal, Muhammad, Abdul Rasheed, and Khalil Ur Rehman. "Evaluation of Behavioral Biases and Investment Decision: An Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 4 (2023): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00094.

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Investors act irrationally while making decisions, according to research in the subject of behavioral finance. The main goal of this study is to assess the behavioral biases that influence the choices made by individual equities investors from Punjab. For investors, agents, and other market participants, this study is useful and aids in making better investment decisions. The study takes into account the private investors who buy common stocks in the Pakistani province of Punjab. The Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) is used to examine the behavioral biases that influence certain comm

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Kostikova, Aida. "Gender-neutral Language Use in the Context of Gender Bias in Machine Translation (A Review Literature)." Journal of Computational and Applied Linguistics 1 (July 18, 2023): 94–109. https://doi.org/10.33919/jcal.23.1.5.

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Gender bias has become one of the central issues analysed within natural language processing (NLP) research. A main concerns in this field relates to the fact that many NLP tools and automatic machine learning systems not only reflect, but also reinforce social disparities, including those related to gender, and language technology is one of the areas in which this issue is pronounced. This paper analyses the problem of gender-neutral language use from the standpoint of gender bias in machine translation (MT). We determine which types of harms can be caused by the failure to reflect gender-neu

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van de Sande, E. "Over de Interpretatie van Representationele Gebaren." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 81 (January 1, 2009): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.81.09san.

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The purpose of this research was to establish an effect of the communicational environment on the interpretation of representational gestures. In particular, it was tested whether having a more concrete or abstract mindset influences the way gestures are interpreted. As in Krahmer & Stapel (to appear), the mindset of 46 participants was manipulated by letting them solve word puzzles with only abstract or concrete concepts. Participants then interpreted gestures shown on film by choosing between a given concrete and abstract interpretation. Results show that despite an overall abstract bias

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Thompson, Robin L., Rachel England, Bencie Woll, Jenny Lu, Katherine Mumford, and Gary Morgan. "Deaf and hearing children’s picture naming." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 8, no. 1 (2017): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.8.1.04tho.

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Abstract Stefanini, Bello, Caselli, Iverson, & Volterra (2009) reported that Italian 24–36 month old children use a high proportion of representational gestures to accompany their spoken responses when labelling pictures. The two studies reported here used the same naming task with (1) typically developing 24–46-month-old hearing children acquiring English and (2) 24–63-month-old deaf children of deaf and hearing parents acquiring British Sign Language (BSL) and spoken English. In Study 1 children scored within the range of correct spoken responses previously reported, but produced very fe

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Hyland, Ethan, Selena Y. Smith, and Nathan D. Sheldon. "Representational bias in phytoliths from modern soils of central North America: Implications for paleovegetation reconstructions." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 374 (March 2013): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.01.026.

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Geydebrekht, N. A. "Comparatives of Expressive Activities of Junior High School Students with Different Types of Representative Systems." Psychological-Educational Studies 9, no. 2 (2017): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2017090210.

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The article presents data from a study of drawings of children of primary school age to identify the сcomparative diagnostic parameters that allow to define the leading representative system in the child. 164 drawings of 51 persons under test of the two grades of primary school were analyzed. The observation and modified in relation to primary school age version of the method «Representational systems bias test» (Lewis A., Puselik R., 2012) were used as elements of the diagnostic unit. Based on these results it is concluded that the drawings of children of primary school age with different typ

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Katzman, Jared, Angelina Wang, Morgan Scheuerman, et al. "Taxonomizing and Measuring Representational Harms: A Look at Image Tagging." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 12 (2023): 14277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26670.

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In this paper, we examine computational approaches for measuring the "fairness" of image tagging systems, finding that they cluster into five distinct categories, each with its own analytic foundation. We also identify a range of normative concerns that are often collapsed under the terms "unfairness," "bias," or even "discrimination" when discussing problematic cases of image tagging. Specifically, we identify four types of representational harms that can be caused by image tagging systems, providing concrete examples of each. We then consider how different computational measurement approache

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Zobel, Justin, Felisa J. Vázquez-Abad, and Pauline Lin. "When proxy-driven learning is no better than random: The consequences of representational incompleteness." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0271268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271268.

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Machine learning is widely used for personalisation, that is, to tune systems with the aim of adapting their behaviour to the responses of humans. This tuning relies on quantified features that capture the human actions, and also on objective functions—that is, proxies – that are intended to represent desirable outcomes. However, a learning system’s representation of the world can be incomplete or insufficiently rich, for example if users’ decisions are based on properties of which the system is unaware. Moreover, the incompleteness of proxies can be argued to be an intrinsic property of compu

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Wang, Zichong, Zhipeng Yin, Yuying Zhang, et al. "FG-SMOTE: Towards Fair Node Classification with Graph Neural Network." ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter 26, no. 2 (2025): 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1145/3715073.3715082.

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Graph generative models have become increasingly prevalent across various domains due to their superior performance in diverse applications. However, as their application rises, particularly in high-risk decision-making scenarios, concerns about their fairness are intensifying within the community. Existing graph-based generation models mainly focus on synthesizing minority nodes to enhance the node classification performance. However, by overlooking the node generation process, this strategy may intensify representational disparities among different subgroups, thereby further compromising the

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Ramsier, Marissa, Ariel Gruenthal‐Rankin, Katherine Gaddis, and Arkadiusz Koperkiewicz. "Sample size and representational bias in bioarchaeology: A case study of stature estimation from medieval Prussia." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 31, no. 4 (2021): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.2969.

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Matsuda, Yoshi-Taka, Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi, and Satoshi Hirata. "Familiar face + novel face = familiar face? Representational bias in the perception of morphed faces in chimpanzees." PeerJ 4 (August 4, 2016): e2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2304.

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Highly social animals possess a well-developed ability to distinguish the faces of familiar from novel conspecifics to induce distinct behaviors for maintaining society. However, the behaviors of animals when they encounter ambiguous faces of familiar yet novel conspecifics, e.g., strangers with faces resembling known individuals, have not been well characterised. Using a morphing technique and preferential-looking paradigm, we address this question via the chimpanzee’s facial–recognition abilities. We presented eight subjects with three types of stimuli: (1) familiar faces, (2) novel faces an

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Alkhateeb, Ghieth, Joanna Storie, Simon Bell, and Monika Suškevičs. "Virtual Imaginative Geographies: Generative AI and the Representation of Landscape Imagery." Geographies 5, no. 1 (2025): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies5010009.

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Generative AI (GenAI), particularly text-to-image (TTI) models, is reshaping landscape representation by transforming textual descriptions into visual outputs. However, these models often reinforce biases embedded in their training datasets, shaping how landscapes are perceived and represented. This research examines the biases in GenAI-generated landscape imagery through the lens of Edward Said’s “imaginative geographies”, focusing on how geographic references, cultural archetypes, and methodological factors influence AI outputs. We employed a structured approach to create prompts based on th

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Cai, Ming Bo, Nicolas Schuck, Michael Anderson, Jonathan Pillow, and Yael Niv. "Should you trust your RSA result? A Bayesian method for reducing bias in neural representational similarity analysis." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (2017): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.571.

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Liu, Lidan. "Assessment and correction of representational bias in phytoliths from modern soil in the Dongting Lake Basin, China." CATENA 248 (January 2025): 108591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.108591.

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Yee, Kyra, Uthaipon Tantipongpipat, and Shubhanshu Mishra. "Image Cropping on Twitter: Fairness Metrics, their Limitations, and the Importance of Representation, Design, and Agency." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479594.

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Twitter uses machine learning to crop images, where crops are centered around the part predicted to be the most salient. In fall 2020, Twitter users raised concerns that the automated image cropping system on Twitter favored light-skinned over dark-skinned individuals, as well as concerns that the system favored cropping woman's bodies instead of their heads. In order to address these concerns, we conduct an extensive analysis using formalized group fairness metrics. We find systematic disparities in cropping and identify contributing factors, including the fact that the cropping based on the

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Teleki, Maria, Xiangjue Dong, Haoran Liu, and James Caverlee. "Masculine Defaults via Gendered Discourse in Podcasts and Large Language Models." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 19 (June 7, 2025): 1893–912. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v19i1.35908.

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Masculine defaults are widely recognized as a significant type of gender bias, but they are often unseen as they are under-researched. Masculine defaults involve three key parts: (i) the cultural context, (ii) the masculine characteristics or behaviors, and (iii) the reward for, or simply acceptance of, those masculine characteristics or behaviors. In this work, we study discourse-based masculine defaults, and propose a twofold framework for (i) the large-scale discovery and analysis of gendered discourse words in spoken content via our Gendered Discourse Correlation Framework (GDCF); and (ii)

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Judijanto, Loso. "SYNTHETIC NARRATIVES IN HEALTHCARE: ADDRESSING BIAS AND REDEFINING VALIDITY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH." International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science 08, no. 03 (2025): 62–74. https://doi.org/10.54922/ijehss.2025.0978.

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The integration of artificial intelligence into healthcare research has accelerated the use of synthetic data, particularly in qualitative contexts involving sensitive or ethically restricted information. This study investigates the emergence of synthetic narratives, especially those generated by large language models (LLMs), as tools to augment or replace traditional qualitative data sources. The research aims to assess how synthetic data is applied in healthcare qualitative studies, uncover methodological biases, and highlight innovative practices that enhance validity. A qualitative systema

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Aistrup, Joseph A. "Southern Republican Subnational Advancement: The Redistricting Explanation." American Review of Politics 16 (April 1, 1995): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1995.16.0.15-32.

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Implicit in numerous explanations concerning the Republicans’ problems in the South is the rationale that the Democrats gerrymander away any Republican gains. However, with the enforcement of provisions o f the Voting Rights Act, others have found evidence that it is the Republicans who gain from the redistricting process. This article tests these propositions by analyzing the extent o f bias and the swing ratio for southern state legislative contests both before and after the 1970s and the 1980s redistricting, respectively, as well as controlling for single-member (SMD) and multimember (MMD)

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Roeper, Tom, Marcus Maia, and Aniela Improta França. "Old Story, New Results and Analyses." Cadernos de Linguística 1, no. 1 (2020): 01–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2020.v1.n1.id282.

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An eye-tracking and an electrophysiological experiment using a sentence/picture matching task were carried out in order to assess whether there would be significant differences between semantic restrictiveness properties of Prepositional Phrases (PPs) vis-à-vis those of Relative Clauses (RCs), attached as modifiers respectively to a local PP or to a non-local DP (e.g. the horse with the parrot with brown spots/the horse with the parrot that has brown spots). Two hypotheses were entertained, namely, (i) an operator construction such as an RC would be construed non-locally, that is, would attach

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