Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentations du travail'
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Camps, Emmanuelle. "Télétravail : sens du travail : rapports vie-travail - vie hors travail." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30024.
Full textOur after industrial society of information is characterised by the market globalization, the development of information and communication technologies, and the rise of tertiary activities. In this context, remote work, namely telework, appears into organizations. Our research objective is to evaluate its impact of telework on the meaning of work and on the relations between work life and out of work life. We compare meaning of work dimensions and the exchanges between the domains of life between teleworkers and classic workers samples in two organizations, with different juridical statute. Then, we realise a more detailed analyse where the categories of telework are distinguished. According to the results, relations between work life and out of work life are influenced by the type of work practised. Traditional workers separate the domains of life, even though, teleworkers establish resources exchanges between their professional and private life into France Telecom Group. Telecommuting influences too the work social representation. Work isn’t conceivable without the notion of constraint among types of teleworkers. Our research proves how the model of activities system clarifies the mechanisms, used by subjects, to manage their work life and their out of work life. Structural theory of work social representation contributes to identify the work social representation, according to the category of worker practised and the type of organization studied. Data collection authorizes us to draw up a positive statement on telework in these two organizations. Other practical implications and news perspectives are also proposed
Fontaine-Dumont, Aurélie. "Les représentations professionnelles : analyse d'un concept en émergence dans le champ des représentations sociales : application à la représentation de l'hygiène." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084117.
Full textThis thesis has a dual purpose. On the one hand to provide some points for discussion with regards to the professional representation theory which remains an underdeveloped field of study in social psychology. For this first aim, we try (i) to highlight the specific and common features between social and professional representations and (ii) to explore the variables that may have an impact on the development of professional representations. On the other hand, the second purpose is to bring practical knowledge about hygiene in order to improve compliance with protocols in public and private organizations. To achieve those two objectives, we tested the effect of three variables: type of training, level of knowledge and frequency of practices. Professionals and nonprofessionals (researchers and technicians) participated in the study which took place in a questionnaire in the form of a verbal association task. Data processing was carried out by three additional analyses: prototypical, similitude analysis and three-compenential analysis. These results showed important distinctions despite a shared knowledge basis. We observed an impact of every tested variable which translated into a significant development of professional representations (contents and structures). We finished with (i) the advance of the thoughts related to the special features of professional representations compared with social representations and (ii) the impact of outcomes related to hygiene on professional trainings
Ferrieux, Dominique. "Représentations et employabilité en début de vie active." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H052.
Full textEntry into working life for youth is a major social and economic problem, which has psychological repercussions on work-motivation and on the construct of occupational identity. Based on a longitudinal study of 1018 pupils before and one and half years after they obtained the diploma "bep" (brevet d'etudes professionnelles) in administration studies, we analysed the evolution of representations of work and of the self-image which form the occupational identity. Besides already recognized socio-cultural determinism, we find an interaction between the job-situation and what we call a psychological dimension of employability, composed of representations of work and of the self-image which the individual constructs from his experiences. We hence found that expectations of work-conditions and personal work involvement, indentical at the end of schooling for the "bep" diploma, thereafter vary in fonction of the job-situation. The most important result, however concerns self-esteem which not only increases withe status-quality of the job obtained but was actually significantly different at the end of schooling according to the future jobsituation. The young who had least self-confidence are those who successded least, i. E. They are frequently the unemployed or those precarious
Bouvier, Pierre. "Démarche socio-anthropologique et changements des représentations du travail." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H072.
Full textSocio-anthropology borrows from sociology and anthropology in order to analyze changing practices and representations that affect, for example, work in industrial societies. The "autoscopic" or endogenous approach covers observations conducted by the workers themselves as individuals or as a collective. An exogenous approach is carried out by specialists of the social sciences. Through the use of these methodological tools, socio-anthropology has been able to elaborate new concepts. The "coherent populational ensemble" is a heuristic device resulting from the "socio-technological bloc" - interaction between organizational technological procedures and practices representations of the work force-developing in conjunction with the historical and physical environment. Over the long term the ritualization of modern work also takes part in the formation of the "socio-technological bloc". The concepts of professionability, sociability and daily routine ("quotidiennete") have also been reformulated in this perspective. The socio-anthropology of daily work is proposed as an important inter-disciplinary approach which can help bring about a better in-depth under- standing of the evolutive nature of work. This supposes an investigation of the daily practices of specific segments of production and of the representations to which they correspond. The results will allow us to discern current changes not only in the work place but also in society as a whole
Salmon, Thierry. "Représentations sociales et stress au travail : une approche psychosociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0371/document.
Full textThe concept of stress has become an object of scientific thought, which for many years has been a popular success with the general public. So stress has become an object of common sense thinking. It is this object within the framework of the work, that we have studied in an exploratory research using a questionnaire that we have elaborated, in a psychosocial approach and Social Representations which purpose is to explore the existence of Social Representations of workplace stress in the workplace, of its variations according to sex, both in and part of the dynamics of the hierarchical relations that structure the company (upward and horizontal comparison) in a normal and substitution context, also to explore the existence of social values of work stress as well as practices considered to be most effective in coping with work-related stress, and also psychological effects according to MBI dimensions. The results we present here would reveal the existence of an organized field of representations of stress at work and also the existence of symbolic relationships between hierarchical statuses and between men and women
Clety, Henry. "Dynamique des représentations et efficacité dans les systèmes "équipe de travail"." Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30041.
Full textThe study of the concept of working team is recent in psychology, but also rich and polymorphic. The analysis of the knowledge established on this concept to a re-articulation of the notions, which are associated with him, and in an epistemological and paradigmatically fundamental reflection on the contribution of the cybernetic and the systemic, in the study of the teamwork. The first approach of reflection ends in the formulation of a model of analysis, which repositions the notions of efficiency and dynamics of team with regard to the new notion of system of representations of the members of team. From then on, the general problem concerns the distances and the dynamics of the team and its efficacy. Three researches here presented allow to confirm the existence of his link, in particular under the angle of the relation between the members and their manager. So, as far as their representations of the system converges on and are close, it establishes an observation positively associated with the dynamics of their team and with its efficiency. This observation is more significant from the point of view of the dynamics then of the efficacy. Beyond the significant theoretical contributions, these works allow to criticize the epistemological and methodological, composed frame and to advance new perspectives of researches on the teamwork. Besides, an opening in the praxis is proposed in final exercice
Lemaire, Marianne. "Les représentations du travail en pays sénoufo tyebara (Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100147.
Full textObajtek, Sylvain. "L'orientation active à l'université : mystification pédagogique ou travail éducatif ? : acteurs, représentations, pratiques." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30024/document.
Full textUniversities today are situated at the center of an emerging social imperative - considered vital and necessary - to effectively prepare individuals for entry into the job market with the capacities to respond to the fluctuating needs of evolving economies. Brought about by globalization and the Council of the European Union’s call for strengthening "Europe's competitiveness in a global knowledge economy" (2007), these transformations crystallized in France through the law, LRU (2007) detailed in the Plan License (PRL, 2007). This law mandated the following three principal axes: Universities shall prioritize student career guidance and professional development (as well as training and scientific research); criteria to measure and evaluate graduate employability shall be developed; and, at least half of each graduating class must meet the qualifications required for a higher education diploma. In light of these developments, this research is interested in the study of academic orientation, and more precisely questions surrounding the implementation, reception and appropriation of these policies by the full range of University orientation professionals. This research is subsequently concerned with the introduction of "active guidance" at the University level. It is within this space of experimentation and construction that inherent tensions foreground a polarization between what is described as "Educational Work" and "Pedagogical Mystification". This research will thus examine how teacher-researcherengagement unfolds at the center of a paradigm shift to cultivate creative tensions between social utility and professional development
Sabatier, Benjamin. "L'art à l'épreuve du travail. Entre représentations et processus : économie, politique, utopie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H314.
Full textThe evolutions of the production relations, which emerged at the end of the 19th century, have generated new artistic practices as well as new aesthetical values: serial production, delegation, entrepreneurship, service provision, etc. Artistic creation cannot be contemplated outside of its relationship to capital. Like the other forms of productive practices developed within society, the artist's work is more and more subjected to values that relate to heteronomous activities. The following thesis offers an actualization of Marx and Arendt's analyses regarding labor and its place within the hierarchy of human activities in order to apprehend the possibility of an emancipation. While experimenting with the artwork and its very praxis within different environments and under different forms, plastic research will be put under the test of labor so as to evaluate its limits, reveal some of its mechanisms and question its purposes. The issue seems all the more essential today when considering the period of socio-economical tension that we are currently going through, and which raises the questions of the utility, necessity and role of art
Durand, Estelle. "Les représentations du travail dans le secteur associatif : bénévoles-salariés : étude comparative." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100180.
Full textNowadays, the associative sector employs an increasing number of salaried workers to administrate its activities. Associations thos find themselves in an innovative situation, in which voluntary and paid workers work side by side. In order to understand the importance and meaning attributed to work in a sector where employment is not a priority, we have studied the case/representation of the work carried out by associative actors (voluntary and salaried) in a MJC (Association for youth and culture) which is unked to "l'Education Populaire". Work in such a structure takes on its true meaning and represents the innovation of an socio-economical factor within a society which is suffering from an employment "crisis"
Glazer-Allard, Jean-Daniel. "Les représentations du travail des jeunes salariés d'agence de location de personnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26925.
Full textBéliveau, Geneviève. "Représentations du travail féminin dans les revues "Châtelaine" et "Actualité" (1960--1990)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5674.
Full textAngeloff, Tania. "Le travail à temps partiel : question de temps ou redéfinition des représentations et du statut du travail des femmes ?" Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081668.
Full textVercher-Chaptal, Corinne. "Les représentations de la réduction et du partage du temps de travail chez les acteurs salariés." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10011.
Full textCharrol, Dominique. "Changement de représentations de l'objet travail : le public précurseur des bilans de compétences." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/charrol_d.
Full textHadj-Salah, Dalila. "Le travail au Moyen Âge en Castille (1252-1350) : Réalités, représentations et désignations." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100008.
Full textWorking is such a normal and daily human activity in the Middle Ages that the medieval intellectuals thought it was not necessary to consider it. They preferred to think and to write about God, nobility and knighthood. So far oriented towards the south, Castile will affirm its christian identity all along the many Reconquista successes, drawing a peninsula widely in Castile kings’good hands. However, this concept is so important nowadays that we have to question how it was taking place in the medieval civilization. The question is about how work was approached as a concept through a socio-economical reality described by the historians. We shall crosscheck this reality with what authors at that time wrote : Siete Partidas, Libro de las confesiones, Libro de los Estados, Libro de Buen Amor. Lastly, we’ll consider the employed words designating the concept. Economical conditions didn’t consider work as a real value because wealth came first from earth and war. But the numerous words to designate it, labrar, obrar, sometimes trabajar, stand for it. It’s definitely what motivates our research, in spite of Jacques Le Goff’s warning : “Work is not a good subject for the Middle Ages”
Allard-Poesi, Florence. "Nature et processus d'emergence des représentations collectives dans les groupes de travail restreints." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090018.
Full textWhat does a collective representation in organizations consist in? What are its proprieties, its nature, its content and forms compared to individual representations? And how does it emerge from the supposedly different representations held by organizational members? The cognitive, the socio-cognitive and weick's approaches held different positions regarding these questions. In this research, 3 case studies are used to test some aspects of these theoretical perspectives, and to elaborate new hypotheses on the notion of collective representation. They consist in the study of the cognitive development of small groups working on safety at the workplace in the long run in a french paper plant. Each groups members' representations before and after the group work as well as all groups discussions were collected, analyzed and confronted. The results: - infirm a conception of collective representation as shared beliefs in organizations; - corroborate a socio-cognitive perspective of collective representations as emerging constructions during the group interactions, whose content and working rules depend on the socio-cognitive dynamics taken place between group members; - underline the key role of the conflict negotiation processes in these dynamics, which depent more particularly on the initial hererogeneity of group members' representations, their involvement in the task, the group composition, and the presence of active minorities in the group; - show that a collective representation resulting from a true collaboration between group members, is manifested in a more similar structuring of individual representations after the group work, and in the elaboration of transverse interpretations of the problems discussed during the meetings; - underline the key role of the thinking mode during the interactions, and this calls for an enlarged conception of the decision work in groups
Milland, Laurent. "De la dynamique des rapports entre représentations sociales du travail et du chômage." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10101.
Full textMethivier, Jeremy. "L'impact de la peur sur les représentations sociales." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817930.
Full textSaada, Fatiha. "Représentations sociales de la santé et de la maladie chez des travailleurs marocains en France et au Maroc." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN21027.
Full textThe proposed study investigates the social representations of the health and illness in 1000 Moroccan workers: 500 migrants living in France and 500 living in morocco. They have answered a same survey questionnaire and the data were analyzed by computer. Both groups define the concept of "good" or "bad" health through factors such as physical aspect, psycho-sociological status, and cultural values in how to face or prevent illness; religious beliefs and socio-economic conditions. They conceive the health as a balance between the individual and social environment. They also mentioned the psycho-social stress due to hard conditions at work and in daily life. The group living in France are more aware and better informed on how to keep themselves healthy than the group staying in morocco; this is certainly due to the availability, the access and efficiency of the French health care system and to the general medical information conveyed around. However, the France group complained strongly against the solitude and exile from their relatives and friends and original habits, which they may feel as a potential cause of disease. Globally, it seems that any group of population represents or perceives its health status in terms of its social environment and of its social reality of daily life
Medzeghe, M'Obame Rudolphe. "Représentations du temps et pratiques du travail salarié au Gabon de 1960 à 2016." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1024/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis we are presenting is to contribute to the understanding of the link that exists in Gabon between time representations and practices of work. For everyone, these representations thrive not only on the interraction with direct environment, on the basis of which the action's construction is affected. But they also thrive on a collective layout of norms, values and principles proper to a social group. We have got down to find the resulting effects of time representations on practices of wage-earning work, that's to say, work done by someone in exchange for a salary. Indeed, since 1960 gabonese public administration is ruled by a "judeo-christian and capitalist" time according to Rossatanga-Rignault's catchphrase, implanted by the former colonial power. The issue of our research is to examine in 2016 this time-related functioning in order to certify if it includes or not specific collective representations to Gabonese society and time-related experience of the local agents
Maillette, Pascale. "Les représentations de l’incapacité au travail de travailleurs ayant subi une arthroplastie du genou." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8143.
Full textAbstract : Purpose: Nearly 40% of the 57,718 Canadians who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between 2013 and 2014 were workers; the majority of them were aged from 55 to 64 years. Demographic and legislative indications suggest that this number will increase in the coming years. Actually, 15 to 30% of these patients report limitations at work or are not able to return to work six months after the surgery. Despite this growing phenomenon, workers’ insight on what influence work disability remains unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the worker’s perspective on what contributes or impedes the return to an active working life after TKA. Specifically, we aimed to document workers’ representations of their disability following TKA. Method: This qualitative study was conducted based on a narrative approach using Leventhal’s Common Sense Model (CSM) as the conceptual framework. A convenience sample of eight workers experiencing limitations while at work or being fully disabled (on sick leave) after TKA was interviewed. We conducted semistructured interviews, and then we followed Landry’s method for coding. First, we used a mixed coding method whereby codes were established a priori using the CSM with the possibility for emergent codes. Second, two researchers (PM and MFC) independently coded all interviews, compared the codes, and discussed diverging results. Third, after coding all interviews and based on the coding, content analysis was performed in multidisciplinary team (psychologist, physiotherapist, kinesiologist). Each interview was discussed by the team to compare the analysis and to obtain consensus as we believe our disciplinary backgrounds might impact interpretation of the data by bringing new information to the case. Content analysis was performed with Atlas-Ti software. Results: Half of the workers were fully disabled because of TKA. We identified two typical cases: workers who returned to work with difficulties but perceived support from their environment and workers who did not returned to work. The workers that returned to work reported involvement of their work environment in the return-to-work process. They felt they had greater improvement after TKA, and this enables them to further improve their condition. Workers who did not return to work encountered various obstacles such as ostoperative complications, a more physically-demanding job, negligible support from their work environment, and few resources to help them. Conclusion: The identification of a case that is less favorable to return to work allowed us to identify workers at risk of work disability. These workers could benefit from work rehabilitation services in order to promote a better active working life after TKA.
Boutanquoi, Michel. "Pratiques, représentations sociales, évaluation : logiques individuelles et collectives autour de la relation d'aide." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444567.
Full textLi, Bo. "L'interface multi-utilisateur pour le travail collaboratif avec les multiples représentations de la maquette numérique." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0065/document.
Full textThe current industrial management tools generally rely on Concurrent Engineering, which involves conducting Product Lifecycle Management stages in parallel and integrating technical data for sharing across different experts. Various experts use domain-specific software to produce various data into Digital mock-up. These multidisciplinary experts have trends to work collaboratively during product development. During co-located synchronous collaborative design activities, such as project review and decision-making, experts from different domains must discuss, negotiate, and compromise to solve multidisciplinary differences. Many areas, such as early collaborative design and multi-expert product evaluation, have a great demand for new collaborative support tools. With the development of Human Computer Interaction, it is possible to devise more intuitive tools to enhance co-located collaboration across experts.In this thesis, to enhance the collaboration with experts on different domains to communicate with DMU, a multi-user interface across users with different representations during a collaborative work has been taken into consideration and its influence on co-located multidisciplinary collaboration is investigated. A schema of the methodology for evaluating the contribution to a multi-user system and the multiple users’ experiences is proposed. Results of experiments show the significances of the efficiency of task, the usability of interface, and the performance of collaboration during the use of multi-user CHI in multidisciplinary collaborative scenarios. The contributions of what multi-user interface brings to the design criteria of multi-user interface and multi-user co-located collaboration are discussed
Figueroa, Jeannette. "Le travail de la forme et de l'image : approche clinique et esthétique des représentations formelles." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC296.
Full textFrom « the emergence » of the figurative forms within the therapeutic space in lack of representations and words, we question its advent and its tensioning with the opening of « a space of formai representation », as place of strain and emergence of the subject. This experience put in parallel with the esthetic shape, opens up the possibility of exploring the gangplank between psychic and artistic creation, underpinning themselves on the bodily anchoring and the protean potential of the psychic raw material. In this sense, we interrogate the emergence of shape in Francis Bacon's pictorial universe, and also in Nicolaï Gogol's and Honoré de Balzac' s literature
Sato, Marc. "Représentations verbales multistables en mémoire de travail : vers une perception active des unités de parole." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0082.
Full textIn recent years, the studies of cerebral and cognitive systems implied in the control and analysis of actions have provided empirical evidence towards a functional intertwining of perception, execution and mental imagery of actions. Within the framework of speech sciences, the aim of this thesis was to test the existence of purely motor constraints in the birth and analysis of mental phonological forms. The experimental paradigm of this work is that of the Verbal Transformation Effect, resting on the concept of multistable speech perception and providing an original access to sensorimotor interactions in relation to auditory imagery and working memory. By suggesting that phonology could be constrained, in some part, by sensorimotor properties and that verbal working memory could rely on both acoustical and articulatory representations, our hypotheses converge towards the idea of a speech perception system directed towards and for action control. Both behavioural and functional neuroimaging results confirm the existence of purely motor constraints in the multistable perception of speech and demonstrate the involvement of verbal working memory during the emergence of perceptual representations. During the executive control, the mental simulation or the perception of speech gestures, these "shared representations" could then form a basis for the recognition of speech units
Dessagne, Lara. "La représentation en situation de l'équipe de travail par des unités opérationnelles." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21022.
Full textCollective communication is a basic aspect of the phenomenon of social representation. This research endeavours to apprehend, using an analysis of conversations, the processes of communication by the exploratory, inductive and mainly descriptive study of the impact of interpersonal communications on the social representation of the work team by true teams. This analysis could not be done without the progressive elaboration of an appropriate method. The purpose of the thesis consisted, then, in building up by trial and error a detailed analytical method of conversations, derived from an existing theory, which enabled to analyse homogeneously the whole corpus and to describe the intimate and differential phenomenology of these teams
Pijoan, Natacha. "L'emploi des séniors : comprendre les logiques de gestion par l'analyse des représentations : le cas du secteur du service à la personne âgée." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20241.
Full textDervaux, Catherine. "Images et applications du droit du travail dans les PME : contribution à l'analyse du processus de construction des configurations d'usage du droit du travail par les dirigeants de PME." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12018.
Full textConstraint, instrument, resource or simply, an element of the management, the labor law perception by the sme managers is multiform. The main topic of this research is to clarify the managers' mental pictures and feeling concerning the labor law by linking them to their legal choices. After a review of the rules' objective reality, our analysis is organized around two main questions. Which kind of patterns emerge from the observation of the sme implementation of law? which are the criteria's underlying these patterns? the chosen empirical-inductive approach allows us to realize the analysis according to more and more complex successive levels. The labor law's cognition of the sme managers constitutes the starting point of our study. It leads us to the linking forces which are structuring the law implementation patterns and which give them consistency, between rules' value and managers' experiences
Lafforet, Caroline Laure. "Adaptation au changement, remaniements identitaires et reconnaissance au travail : le cas des employés d'entreprises en fusion-acquisition." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H045.
Full textThe present work aimed at identifying the factors that foster the identity, attitudinal and emotional adaptation of individuals to mergers and acquisitions. The first study,based on the narratives of 29 employees on their career and perceptions of the merger they were experiencing, revealed four types of discourse : “individualistic”, “professional”, “organisational” and “global”. The second study, which is based on 50 MSII (Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984), shows that organisational identifications and representations of members of merged companies depend on the period of the integration process and the perceived recognition at work. The third questionnaire survey among 296 employees of merged companies led to the development of a causal model that explains the success of mergers and acquisitions in terms of job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Those three studies underline the essential role of perceived recognition at work in the adaptation to change of employees faced to mergers and acquisitions
Nifle, Olivier. "Pour une compréhension de l'entreprise. Construction des types cohérents des représentations." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040122.
Full textIf the nature of a cognitive model about business as an economic organisation is to be understood, not only its structure must be known, but also how it is perceived by those within it. These perceptions define the social cohesiveness and the sense of purpose of the organisation. Several companies have been studied, as the actions and statements of directors, managers, employees and trade union representatives. The analysis suggests that there are two variables of particular importance in defining the cognitive models of an organisation. One is the degree to which objectives and decisions are perceived to be shared, varying from an extreme to total involvement to the opposite extreme of rapid and apparently arbitrary decisions by few. The other is the degree to which the interests, the power, organisational and common project interests in particular, of the business and of those in it are perceived to be shared, varying from an extreme of complete perceived fairness to the opposite extreme of perceived exploitation. The different types of cognitive models of an organisation to which different combinations of these two variables give rise is discussed and results are encapsulated in a two-dimensional diagram which permit to understand better business' organisations
Persson, Sybil. "Contribution à la connaissance du phénomène coaching en entreprise : étude exploratoire des représentations au travers des discours des praticiens." Nancy 2, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc559/2005NAN22001.pdf.
Full textThe present research, qualitative in nature, employs a general empirico-inductive approach to lay the groundwork for studying the phenomenon of coaching specifically in the business setting, all in terms of its role in supporting managers as they pursue their professional objectives. Two principal threads guide this approach. A phenomenological approach is first applied to the world of the practitioner, primarily in identifying practices and examining discourses. The resultant amount of varied information directly highlights the modes of structuring the current activity within the coaching profession in France (not ignoring the influences from the English-speaking world). Making use of a mediological perspective, the focus is subsequently directed towards the coaching literature itself, in the form of a morphological and bibliometrical analysis of 44 works authored within the French-speaking world, dating from 1992 to 2003. This method frames the pedagogical and operational dimensions of the literature promoting the practice of coaching as well as captures the seven overarching referent knowledge groups on which coaching draws: Business life, sport, human resources, communications, personal development, and in addition philosophy, spirituality, history, and literature. Taken together, these fields promote the deployment of a multidisciplinary arsenal of social-science theories, within the framework of an anthropological consideration of the field of human resource management. This theoretical arsenal translates into a configurational approach to the subject of coaching. Coaching thus appears to be a complex qualitative management tool, necessitating a double dialogical analysis: On the one hand entailing a dialogue between the individual and the collective, and on the other entailing a dialogue between action and reflection. The observed tensions between these dualities place the coaching process in an existential light, one promoting action, directly through the relational dynamic between the individual and the organisation on one side, and the creation of meaning in the professional sphere on the other side. Relationship and meaning combine to form a process mechanism that serves entrepreneurial action, ultimately questioning the visible hand of the manager
Vidaller, Vanessa. "De la dynamique à la prédiction des représentations sociales : le cas des OGM et du travail." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30076.
Full textBy studying the social representations of the GMOs and work, we have, initially, wished to interest us in their dynamic. This research presents three diachronic studies, two of them have as an aim the GMOs, and work. Following this work, we could determine during which time these objects were registered. In connection with the GMOs, the data collected show the characteristics of a social representation in phase of emergence. On the other hand, the data recorded concerning work are specific of a social representation in phase of transformation. In this various research, the subjects are questioned in normal context or context of substitution. The results suggest that the answers obtained in context of substitution to a year given are predictive answers obtained the following years. Thus, we have to put forward other possible ramifications at the use of the technique of substitution within the framework of the study of the dynamics of the social representations
Loubère, Lucie. "Les environnements numériques de travail dans l'enseignement secondaire : étude d'un système représentationnel." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30048/document.
Full textThe integration of Information and Communication Technologies in Education (ICTEs) has often been described as a thorny endeavour. Digital Work Environments (DWE) can be considered as a particularly interesting ICTE tool because of their widespread and compulsory deployment in the French educational system. This study investigates how the DWE tool has integrated professional representations based on the theoretical approach of social representations. In a first phase, we base our analyses on the social discourses about ICTEs through three textual corpora, reflecting three different types of discourses (media, institutional, national consultation on digital education in 2015). We use a lexicometric approach in order to identify the transversal themes and the idiosyncrasies of these discourses. The second part of this study is based on a survey by questionnaires on 625 secondary education teachers of Toulouse academy. Here, the hierarchical evocation method is used to examine the content of professional representations on four objects: the DWE, the teaching profession, the notions of information and of communication. The structure analyses of the responses and the interrelations study between these objects show the peculiarity of the teachers' universes compared to the ones identified in the three social discourses. The complex system formed by the four objects allows us to observe that although the representations of the teaching profession and the DWE have few common contents, they share numerous elements with the representations of communication and of information. Finally, these results enlighten us on two larger tendencies on the way secondary teachers describe the investigated objects: one part of the population seem to systematically privilege functional elements whereas the other part of the population prefers to associate evaluative elements when relating to each one of these objects
Rousseau, Marie-Andrée. "Les représentations sociales du travail : le point de vue de la génération Y et des gestionnaires." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2303/1/030275979.pdf.
Full textLe, demazel Florent. "Sous l'oeil du capital : notes pour une histoire politique et affective des représentations du travail ouvrier." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H044/document.
Full textFrench economist and philosopher Frédéric Lordon renews our comprehension of marxist structures by his interpretation of Spinoza's philosophy. He showed that capitalism had to shape desires, affects and imaginary of working class to expand its own influence and catch the labour power. We will analyze three "affective strategies", using pictures and stagings of work, at three historical periods of capitalism development. The first chapter will be devoted to the Encyclopédie and its plates of "Mechanical Crafts". Based on this exemplary work of the Enlightenment, this chapter will evoke the beginnings of utopian capitalism and its faith in division of labour, illustrated by the plates which give some ideal vision. Then, we will address the Second Paris International Exposition of 1867 : it displays merchandises, industrial devicesand workshops. It rewards too different contemporary experience of paternalism. Finally, the collection La France travaille, ethnographical survey illustrated by François Kollar's photographs, shows a nationalist and conservative panoramic view of French working class in 1930's. These books try to reassure readers faced with the financial crisis and fear of mechanization. Each studied object shines a light on labor under the eye of capital and covers the experience of worker. We will remind the experience through accounts and writings of working people
Gaston-Calmettes, Marie-Hélène. "Représentations sociales paradoxales du travail : étude de la dynamique représentationnelle : un cas illustratif, les systèmes d'échange local." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20016.
Full textCamara, Lima Laura. "Les représentations sociales de la réduction du temps de travail : un système complexe : étude des indicateurs langagiers des processus de formation des représentations sociales dans trois registres de production de connaissances." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0058.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to identify social representations of work time reduction in specific contexts where such representations activate intergroup dynamics and mobilize social actors to communicate about. We study specific periods where texts of law are beeng discussed or voted on, when information has been treated or diffused by the press and when opinions have been exchanged between different categories of public agents. The corpus is composed of three kinds of text files (written legislation, neswpaper titles and employees' narratives (testimonies). The files are gathered from the French Labor cde, articles publish in French newspaper Le Monde, and interviews with people employed by the French National Electric company. These three sources produce different dimensions of collective knowledge (expert, public opinion, practice). The process of investigation comprises an examination of the three processes of elaboration of social representations (objectivation, anchoring, thematisation). Pragmatic analyses where performed using a multi-methodological approach confronting "chronologies", "cartographies" and "topologies", dealing with three types of indicaors found in the three levels of language (term of reference, object of reference, topic). Once the specificities of each level were identified, a more global analysis was performed (to compare the results by kind of text and analyses) in order to establish a general framework for the representational field. Finally, a model is proposed to illustrate the social representation as a dynamic system
Bories, Dedieu Eliane. "Représentation sociale de la fonction de maître d'apprentissage." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20037.
Full textThe purpose of the study is the social representation of the "maître d'apprentissage" profession. The issues assert the hypothesis of a heterogeneous representation because linked to the fields of professional activities on the one hand, of training on the other hand, representation made up of elements of professional context. As a dynamic process, the representation allows the agents to assimilate knowledge in their cognitive system and its characteristic express a social inscription "contextualised" and the implementation of identitaries strategies. The double origin of the representation poses the question of the paradox and the nature of the representation system
Bourgain, Dominique. "Discours sur l'écriture : analyse des représentations sociales de l'écriture en milieu professionnel." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA1010.
Full textTrinquet, Pierre. "L'accidentabilité du bâtiment : représentations et gestions des risques du travail sur les chantiers de l'industrie du bâtiment." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10047.
Full textClety, Henry. "DYNAMIQUE DES REPRESENTATIONS ET EFFICACITE DANS LES SYSTEMES « EQUIPE DE TRAVAIL »." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463338.
Full textMailles-Viard, Metz Stéphanie. "Les représentations analogiques comme support de l'anticipation dans les environnements dynamiques : étude d'une tâche simulée de régulation de trafic de bus." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20025.
Full textThe objective of this study is to assess mental representations of a dynamic environment in order to anticipate and reduce complexity of control tasks. The effect of a presentation of the schematized environment on anticipatory behavior is then examined by manipulating the types of interfaces used in bus traffic control tasks. However, former studies show that this type of task has many requirements and a wide variety of interfaces exist in work situations. Indeed, the choice of interfaces is often empirical. In order to study anticipatory behavior in several coding conditions, we developed a bus traffic simulator. It allows generation of different scenarios which vary depending on the parametered disturbances. This simulator also allows the use of different interfaces. Moreover, different experimental conditions are possible such as the nature of tasks. The use of different interfaces in the simulator allows the experimenter to manipulate the way information is coded. The results reveal significant differences between the types of interfaces and tasks
Hotte-René, Gabriel. "Représentations de l'occupation signifiante en ergothérapie : perspectives de cliniciens et de personnes utilisatrices en santé mentale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28119.
Full textThere is widespread consensus that the social participation of, and number and variety of activities being undertaken by, individuals living with mental illness remains limited. Moreover, these individuals express a more limited sense of their daily occupations. In occupational therapy, meaningful occupation is a broad concept: engagement in meaningful occupations is highly valued by occupational therapists, both in practice and in theoretical writings. However, this concept lacks clarity. Insufficient understanding persists about how meaning can be generated, encouraged or sustained in occupations. This thesis presents the results of an exploratory study designed to describe the representations of meaningful occupations by individuals living with mental illness and by occupational therapists working with this clientele, but also to compare these representations in both personal and therapy contexts. The findings revealed three angles for describing meaningful occupation: 1) the preconditions that can make occupations meaningful, 2) the elements that contribute to the meaning of occupations and 3) when the meaning of occupations is derived from their effects. In a therapy context, the relationship dimension is predominant in the representations of meaningful occupation of the service users. For occupational therapists, the place of occupation varies within their representations depending on the nature of the narrative, but also depending on the goal of the intervention. The place of clinical reasoning also raises the question about whether occupation is used to its full potential. Those representations differ between clients and therapists, the differences being accentuated when the representations are compared between the types of experiences. These findings highlight the importance for occupational therapists to explore the meaning of occupation, and avoid taking for granted their representations. Therapists can then develop a common understanding of meaningful occupation with their clients and be better able to promote their more satisfying engagement in their occupations.
Lavoie, Claude. "Rôle des représentations sociales sur la dynamique de pouvoir en contexte d’intervention : perspectives d’intervenants québécois praticiens de l’hypnose." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42245.
Full textMarilier-Bonnot, Marie-Christine. "Enseignants de mathématiques pratiquant le travail en petits groupes en classe : des pratiques, des représentations (étude de cas)." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H113.
Full textGrusenmeyer, Corinne. "De l'analyse des communications à celle des représentations fonctionnelles partagées : une application à la relève de poste." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H004.
Full textVerbal interactions are largely assumed to be a mean of structuring cognition. However methods used in work psychology are generally more focusing on human(s)task interaction than on operators' interactions. Consequently, this essential function of verbal exchanges is rarely demonstrated. This work proposes a method of analysing verbal exchanges allowing access to this function of exchanges. Dialogues contents and contexts were analysed, using a technique based on an interactionnist approach of speech acts, in order to take account of the interactive characteristic of verbal exchanges. Dialogues during shift changeover were analysed in the field of a paper manufacturing and a nuclear power plant. Shift changeover phase was particularly relevant because it can be analysed as a cooperative interaction which should permit information transferring between operators, and probably the construction of an operational functional representation of the incoming operator. The results emphasize the interest of this approach for analysing functional dialogues in work situation. Analyses done show the construction of shared functional representation by operators by mean of dialogue. These analyses point out that the shift changeover phase is not only an information transfer, but that verbal exchanges allow cooperative problem solving and support the operators' expertise improvement
Pollet, Maxime. "Les logiques collaboratives : Epistémologie, représentations et rationalisation dans les domaines de l'organisation du travail et de la gestion de carrière." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0046/document.
Full textThe development of collaborative organizations since the 2010s questions the relevance of the current organizational models, as well as the models of career management. Collaborative practices appear today as a strategic development model, because they are more likely to both answer favorably to economic and social requests. The objective of this work is to highlight the initial conditions and the factors of maintenance able to support the implementation of such functioning. We employed a three levels analysis: organizational - to identify theories and organizational models allowing to think and to implement these functioning; epistemological and political - to highlight values and beliefs on which these models build themselves and draw their legitimacy; psychological - to examine the way these orders are lived by the concerned people. By means of several datacollections (1014 job offers, 100 images representing the collaborative and 10 extensive interviews with collaborative workers) and qualitative and quantitative analysis, results collaborative topicality, in particular in its late appearance in answer to a specific economic and social environment and the broadcasting of idiosyncratic elements of speech in the professional sphere. This development can be seen in particular in the appearance of hybrid organizational and individual profiles, having integrated all or part of the values and peculiar principles to these reticular logics
Basco, Louis. "L'évolution de la volonté d'enseigner dans le premier degré (étude de représentations)." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/basco_l.
Full textThe difficulties encountered by first-degree teachers relating to relational, classroom management or facing with institutional changes are little documented. Some of them experience times of deep doubt and sometimes the desire to shop teaching. The present work examines this question regarding the sociological, demographic, curricular and vocational profiles of teachers. First, it is based on a bibliographic exploration that clearly shows life cycles with Michae͏̈l Huberman, and invites to treat the teacher person herself or himself, a problem that Ada Abraham's work taught particularty. Secondly, this research is documented by an enquiry conducted near a sample wished representative of national population of the first-degree teachers. As a result, it is observed a change in the willing to teach link to the initial determinants of professional choice in relation with the occupation acting conditions. This interaction gives a sound explanation of the career stages. Accompaniment solutions seem possible if not to avoid, at least to limit crisis
Nault, Marie-Josée. "Les représentations sociales de l'invalidité au travail chez les conseillers en réadaptation de la Commission des normes, de l'équité, de la santé et de la sécurité au travail." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29967.
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