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Solstad, Trygve. "Neural representations of Euclidean space." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for nevromedisin, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-6060.
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Moderne nevrovitenskap bygger på antagelsen om at kognitive fenomener som bevissthet, hukommelse, og stedsans oppstår fra den samlede aktiviteten av individuelle nerveceller. Hjerneområdene hippocampus og entorhinal cortex (EC) er kritiske for hukommelse og stedsans hos både mennesker og dyr. Hos rotter utgjør ’stedceller’ i hippocampus egne kart for hvert miljø rotta utforsker mens ’gitterceller’ i EC utgjør et koordinatsystem som passer til alle miljøer. Både kart og koordinatsystem finnes i ulike skalaer i den øverste (dorsale) delen av hjerneområdene mens det hittil har vært uklart om dypere (ventrale) deler er involvert i stedsansen. Vi angrep spørsmålet ved å måle aktiviteten i enkeltceller langs hele lengden av begge hjerneområder hos rotter som løp frem og tilbake på en 18m spesialkonstruert løpebane, og fant stedceller og gitterceller langs hele lengden av begge hjerneområdene (Artikkel II og III). Skalaen til både stedcellene og gittercellene økte fra å representere steder på mindre enn 1m i den dorsale enden til opp mot 10 meter i den ventrale enden av hjerneområdene. Videre utviklet vi en matematisk modell for hvordan minnekart i hippocampus kan være knyttet til stedskoordinater i EC (Artikkel I), og kom fram til et koblingsskjema mellom gitterceller og stedceller som utnytter den systematiske økningen i skala fra dorsal til ventral. Modellen stemmer godt med de anatomiske koblingene mellom EC og hippocampus, og får støtte av nye eksperimentelle data. Til slutt undersøkte vi hvordan stedskartene i hippocampus er knyttet til miljøets utforming. Tidligere matematiske beregninger har vist at kartenes geometriske forankring kan forklares hvis det finnes en tredje celletype som signaliserer rottas avstand og retning til ulike grenser i miljøet. Vi målte aktivitet i enkeltceller i EC mens rotter utforsket miljøer med ulike geometriske former(Artikkel IV). Blant de andre celletypene fant vi en liten gruppe ”grenseceller” som bare er aktive når rotta løper i nærheten av en vegg eller bordkant. Avhandlingen fremlegger ny evidens for at beregning av hierarkisk organisert stedsinformasjon er et grunnprinsipp for hvordan hippocampus og EC fungerer (f.eks. ved behandling av minner), påviser en hittil ukjent enhet for representasjon av geometri i EC, og antyder hvordan nevrale enheter kan samhandle for å støtte opp under kognitive funksjoner som stedsans og hukommelse.As cognitive phenomena are believed to arise from neural activity, uncovering how neurons represent Euclidean one- and two-dimensional space provides a foundation for understanding how the brain organizes and processes information about terrestrial objects and events. Neurons in the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of rats exhibit discrete spatial receptive fields at a scale that increases with the neuron’s distance from the dorsal pole of both structures. To find out whether spatial processing is a cardinal function of these structures, we recorded neural activity along the dorsal-most 85% of the CA3 area of the hippocampus (Paper II), and dorsal-most 75% of the MEC (Paper III) while rats explored an 18m linear track. Neurons at all dorsoventral levels of both structures displayed spatial receptive fields, implying functional homogeneity within the hippocampus and MEC. Spatial scale increased from dorsal to ventral in both CA3 and MEC. In hippocampus, field length ranged from less than 1m to more than 10m. In the MEC field length ranged from less than 50cm to approximately 3m, and inter-peak distance ranged from less than 1m to at least 8m. The parallel increase in spatial scale suggests a simple transformation from the repetitive spatial metric of grid cells to the unary place-cell representation of space. Developing a mathematical firing-rate model of place-cell activity to exploit this fact, we showed that place fields can be formed from converging grid-cell inputs that cover a range of spatial scales and orientations but have an overlapping firing peak in the placefield center (Paper I). Inferring metric relationships between entities in hippocampal association maps may therefore rely on interaction with the MEC coordinate system. Because metric information is in turn contingent on the geometric layout of the external environment, we initiated a search for neural representations of geometric features in the parahippocampus. A small proportion (< 10%) of cells that discharged close to environmental borders was found in all cellular layers of MEC as well as in pre- and parasubiculum (Paper IV). ‘Border cells’ typically had a firing field apposing one or more walls of the recording enclosure regardless of enclosure shape, size, or which room the rat was exploring, and responded to any wall, drop, or partition that impeded the rat’s exploration. Taken together, this thesis demonstrates that hierarchically organized spatial processing is an integral property of the hippocampus and MEC, extends the evidence for a modular organization of spatial cognition, and suggests how such modules may interact to support behaviorally relevant functions like spatial memory and navigation.
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SOUZA, GABRIEL DE LIMA. "SPACES OF COLLISION: REPRESENTATIONS OF URBAN SPACE IN THE MOVIE CRASH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27361@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Ao considerarmos a Geografia como uma ciência que contribui para a interpretação da realidade com a finalidade de construir contribuições sobre o entendimento do mundo, percebemos que o cinema torna-se uma importante representação nessa interpretação. A inserção da cidade na relação entre cinema e Geografia, leva-nos a perceber que os fatos narrados não têm a cidade apenas como palco de seu desenvolvimento. Esse desenrolar de situações é construído também pela vida cotidiana na metrópole e pelas relações sociais em ato, ou seja, as práticas sociais. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os conflitos sociais e as tensões que se dão no espaço urbano a partir das representações vistas no filme Crash – No Limite, uma vez que a própria imagem do cinema apresenta essencialmente analogias com a espacialidade. Pretendemos responder: como podemos pensar essas tensões, os conflitos sociais e, sobretudo, as representações do espaço urbano a partir da representação cinematográfica?
By considering Geography a science that contributes to the interpretation of reality in order to build approaches towards the understanding of the world, we notice that cinema becomes an important representation in this interpretation. Inserting the city in the relation between cinema and Geography leads us to perceive that the narrated facts do not have the city just as stage for its development. Such development of situations is also build by the daily life in the metropolis and by the social relations on , that is, the social practices. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the social conflicts and tensions that occur in urban space from the representations watched in the movie Crash , since cinema s own image essentially presents some analogies with spatiality. We intend to answer: how can we think this tensions, the social conflicts and, most of all, the representations of urban space from the cinematographic representation.
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Canzoneri, Elisa <1984>. "Plasticity in body and peripersonal space representations." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5895/.
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A successful interaction with objects in the environment requires integrating
information concerning object-location with the shape, dimension and position of body parts in space. The former information is coded in a multisensory representation of the space around the body, i.e. peripersonal space (PPS), whereas the latter is enabled by an online, constantly updated, action-orientated multisensory representation of the body (BR) that is critical for action. One of the critical features of these representations is that both PPS and BR are not fixed, but they dynamically change depending on different types of experience. In a series of experiment, I studied plastic properties of PPS and BR in humans. I have developed a series of methods to measure the boundaries of PPS representation (Chapter 4), to study its neural correlates (Chapter 3) and to assess BRs. These tasks have been used to study changes in PPS and BR following tool-use (Chapter 5), multisensory stimulation (Chapter 6), amputation and prosthesis implantation (Chapter 7) or social interaction (Chapter 8). I found that changes in the function (tool-use) and the structure (amputation and prosthesis implantation) of the physical body elongate or shrink both PPS and BR. Social context and social interaction also shape PPS representation. Such high degree of plasticity suggests that our sense of body in space is not given at once, but it is constantly constructed and adapted through experience.Allo scopo di interagire con oggetti presenti nell’ambiente esterno è necessario integrare le informazioni sulla posizione degli oggetti nello spazio con informazioni riguardanti la forma, dimensione e posizione delle singole parti del corpo rispetto all’oggetto stesso. Due diverse rappresentazioni supportano la codifica di tali informazioni: da una parte, la rappresentazione dello Spazio Peripersonale, una rappresentazione multisensoriale dello spazio intorno al corpo, e dall’altra una rappresentazione multisensoriale del corpo, costantemente aggiornata e orientata all’azione. Una caratteristica critica di queste rappresentazioni è rappresentata dalle loro proprietà plastiche, cioè dalla possibilità di modificarsi in seguito a diversi tipi di esperienza. In questa tesi mi sono focalizzata sullo studio delle proprietà plastiche delle rappresentazioni del corpo e dello spazio peripersonale. Ho sviluppato una serie di metodi per valutare il confine dello spazio peripersonale (Capitolo 4), per studiare i suoi correlati neurali (Capitolo 3) e per valutare le rappresentazioni multisensoriali del corpo. Questi compiti sono stati usati per studiare modificazioni plastiche del corpo e dello spazio peripersonale in seguito all’utilizzo di uno strumento (Capitolo 5), in seguito a una stimolazione multisensoriale (Capitolo 6), amputazione e impianto di protesi (Capitolo 7) e nell’ambito delle interazioni sociali. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato come la modificazione nella funzione (in seguito all’utilizzo di uno strumento) o della struttura fisica (in seguito ad amputazione ed impianto di protesi) del corpo determinano una estensione o una contrazione sia della rappresentazione dello spazio peripersonale che della rappresentazione del corpo. Inoltre, i risultati ottenuti hanno dimostrato che la rappresentazione dello spazio peripersonale viene plasmata anche dalle interazioni sociali. Tale livello di plasticità suggerisce che l’esperienza del nostro corpo viene continuata costruita e aggiornata tramite le diverse esperienze.
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Blacker, U. "Representations of space in contemporary Ukrainian literature." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318068/.
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The thesis examines representations of space in Ukrainian literature from the late 1980s to the late 2000s. It argues that space in this period became an important preoccupation for Ukrainian writers. Representations of cities, architecture, regions, geopolitical spaces, the spaces of the home and of the body became common tropes through which authors tackled the pressing cultural and political issues of the era, and sought cultural and personal identity. The thesis discusses a wide range of leading contemporary Ukrainian authors, looking at their use of space and the aesthetic, cultural and political implications of this use. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first focuses on the carnivalesque urban writing of the late 1980s and early 1990s, the second on postcolonial and post-Soviet space, the third on gendered space, and the final chapter on the relationship between time, space and text. The thesis argues that the preoccupation with space defined the way in which Ukrainian literature represented the world in the period in question, placing space as an equal and often privileged dimension over time. The second important consequence of this was the development of a spatial conception of text and language itself. The thesis demonstrates that in order to understand Ukrainian literature of the post-independence period, it is necessary to think of it in terms of space. It also argues that study of these texts can provide an understanding of space, both in literature and beyond it.
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Koller, Michael Dominik Fabian. "Topologies on the set of Banach space representations /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10075.
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Huang, Ruey-Song. "Multisensory representations of space multimodal brain imaging approaches /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3214724.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 11, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mejía, Israel Moreno. "Representations of the space of n-theta functions." Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3689/.
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Let X be a smooth complex projective curve with group of automorphisms G. In this thesis we apply the Holomorphic Lefschetz Theorem in certain cases to compute the decomposition of the space H (J(_x),O(_n)O)) into a sum of irreducible representations of G, where J(_x) is the Jacobian variety of X and O(O) is the theta line bundle of J(_x). Namely we compute this decomposition in the cases when X is the Klein quartic curve, the Bring curve of genus 4 and the Macbeath curve of genus 7.
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Minor, Sue Blose. "Children's understanding of projective space in two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional space /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688973683519.
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Wickramasekara, Sujeewa, and sujeewa@physics utexas edu. "Symmetry Representations in the Rigged Hilbert Space Formulation of." ESI preprints, 2001. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi993.ps.
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Dunn, Benjamin Mark. "Which way is up? : grounded mental representations of space." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7460/.
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Processing language is postulated to involve a mental simulation, or re-enactment of perceptual, motor, and introspective states that were acquired experientially (Barsalou, 1999, 2008). One such aspect that is mentally simulated during processing of certain concepts is spatial location. For example, upon processing the word “moon” the prominent spatial location of the concept (e.g. ‘upward’) is mentally simulated. In six eye-tracking experiments, we investigate how mental simulations of spatial location affect processing. We first address a conflict in previous literature whereby processing is shown to be impacted in both a facilitatory and inhibitory way. Two of our experiments showed that mental simulations of spatial association facilitate saccades launched toward compatible locations; however, a third experiment showed an inhibitory effect on saccades launched towards incompatible locations. We investigated these differences with further experiments, which led us to conclude that the nature of the effect (facilitatory or inhibitory) is dependent on the demands of the task and, in fitting with the theory of Grounded Cognition (Barsalou, 2008), that mental simulations impact processing in a dynamic way. Three further experiments explored the nature of verticality – specifically, whether ‘up’ is perceived as away from gravity, or above our head. Using similar eye-tracking methods, and by manipulating the position of participants, we were able to dissociate these two possible standpoints. The results showed that mental simulations of spatial location facilitated saccades to compatible locations, but only when verticality was dissociated from gravity (i.e. ‘up’ was above the participant’s head). We conclude that this is not due to an ‘embodied’ mental simulation, but rather a result of heavily ingrained visuo-motor association between vertical space and eye movements.
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Yeates, Stephen. "Non-quasianalytic representations of semigroups : their spectra and asymptotics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297366.
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Goncalves, Pinheiro Antonio Manuel. "Shape approximation and retrieval using scale-space techniques." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391661.
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Hamrin, Göran. "Effective Domains and Admissible Domain Representations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Mathematics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5883.
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This thesis consists of four papers in domain theory and a summary. The first two papers deal with the problem of defining effectivity for continuous cpos. The third and fourth paper present the new notion of an admissible domain representation, where a domain representation D of a space X is λ-admissible if, in principle, all other λ-based domain representations E of X can be reduced to X via a continuous function from E to D.
In Paper I we define a cartesian closed category of effective bifinite domains. We also investigate the method of inducing effectivity onto continuous cpos via projection pairs, resulting in a cartesian closed category of projections of effective bifinite domains.
In Paper II we introduce the notion of an almost algebraic basis for a continuous cpo, showing that there is a natural cartesian closed category of effective consistently complete continuous cpos with almost algebraic bases. We also generalise the notion of a complete set, used in Paper I to define the bifinite domains, and investigate what closure results that can be obtained.
In Paper III we consider admissible domain representations of topological spaces. We present a characterisation theorem of exactly when a topological space has a λ-admissible and κ-based domain representation. We also show that there is a natural cartesian closed category of countably based and countably admissible domain representations.
In Paper IV we consider admissible domain representations of convergence spaces, where a convergence space is a set X together with a convergence relation between nets on X and elements of X. We study in particular the new notion of weak κ-convergence spaces, which roughly means that the convergence relation satisfies a generalisation of the Kuratowski limit space axioms to cardinality κ. We show that the category of weak κ-convergence spaces is cartesian closed. We also show that the category of weak κ-convergence spaces that have a dense, λ-admissible, κ-continuous and α-based consistently complete domain representation is cartesian closed when α ≤ λ ≥ κ. As natural corollaries we obtain corresponding results for the associated category of weak convergence spaces.
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Wickramasekara, Sujeewa. "Differentiable representations of finite dimensional lie groups in rigged Hilbert spaces /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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BETTENCOURT, THOMAZ ESTRELLA DE. "TIME AND SPACE TO KANT: THE TIME AND SPACE REPRESENTATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF KANT`S CRITICAL SYSTEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12336@1.
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FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROO objetivo desta dissertação é examinar o papel desempenhado pelas representações do tempo e do espaço no sistema crítico kantiano. Mas, diversas questões surgem a partir desta pesquisa e se nos incumbimos de respeitar o legado de Kant e o seu espírito metodológico não devemos negligenciá-las. Assim, com o intuito de lançar luz sobre um tema tão obscuro, o presente trabalho aceita o desafio, e o estabelece como ponto de partida, de expor os conceitos de tempo e de espaço por uma análise histórica. E sobre o terreno seguro da tradição filosófica podemos descansar e recobrar forças para continuar a seguir os passos de Kant e encontrar as origens da Estética Transcendental. Portanto, o centro desta investigação é determinar de forma precisa o sentido das representações do tempo e do espaço a suas implicações para a teoria do conhecimento de Kant. Finalmente, ao término desta tumultuada jornada teremos alcançado uma melhor compreensão sobre a relação das intuições do tempo e do espaço com a coisa em si mesma, e, a sua importância para o idealismo transcendental.
The task of this dissertation is to examine the role played by the time and space representations in Kant`s critical system. But, several questions emerge from this inquiry, and if we are to respect Kant`s legacy and his methodological spirit we shall not neglect them. Then, as an effort to shed light over such an obscure matter the present work accepts the challenge, and establishes it as a starting point, of expounding time and space concepts through a historical analysis. And on the solid grounds of the philosophical tradition we can rest and regain strength to continue following Kant`s steps and finding the origins of the Transcendental Aesthetics. Therefore, the core of this investigation is determining accurately the meaning of time and space representations and its implications to Kant`s theory of knowledge. Finally, at the end of this troubled journey we will have reached a better understanding of the relationship between the time and space intuitions and the thing-in-itself and its significance to the transcendental idealism.
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Dillon, Andrew, John Richardson, and Cliff McKnight. "Space - the final chapter or why physical representations are not semantic intentions." Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105187.
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The term â hypertextâ evokes many images (e.g., nodes and links, semantic webs, non-linear access and so forth) but perhaps one of the most common is that of users struggling to find their way around a complex information space. As a result, navigation has become a subject of great interest to many researchers in the field. In this chapter we will discuss navigation through hypertext in terms of its relevance as a concept as much as its presence as an issue and try to draw lessons for design and research from the psychological work that has been carried out on navigation in physical space. We will attempt to show that while relevant to hypertext, discussion of navigation is prone to difficulty when researchers and designers misapply arguments and evidence from the physical domain to the semantic domain.
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Riemer, Martin [Verfasser], and Herta [Akademischer Betreuer] Flor. "Dynamic representations of the body in space / Martin Riemer. Betreuer: Herta Flor." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1034490524/34.
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Thathachar, Jayram S. "Time-space tradeoffs and functional representations via branching programs and their generalizations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6951.
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Raggi, Daniel. "Searching the space of representations : reasoning through transformations for mathematical problem solving." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22936.
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The role of representation in reasoning has been long and widely regarded as crucial. It has remained one of the fundamental considerations in the design of information-processing systems and, in particular, for computer systems that reason. However, the process of change and choice of representation has struggled to achieve a status as a task for the systems themselves. Instead, it has mostly remained a responsibility for the human designers and programmers. Many mathematical problems have the characteristic of being easy to solve only after a unique choice of representation has been made. In this thesis we examine two classes of problems in discrete mathematics which follow this pattern, in the light of automated and interactive mechanical theorem provers. We present a general notion of structural transformation, which accounts for the changes of representation seen in such problems, and link this notion to the existing Transfer mechanism in the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. We present our mechanisation in Isabelle/HOL of some specific transformations identified as key in the solutions of the aforementioned mathematical problems. Furthermore, we present some tools that we developed to extend the functionalities of the Transfer mechanism, designed with the specific purpose of searching efficiently the space of representations using our set of transformations. We describe some experiments that we carried out using these tools, and analyse these results in terms of how close the tools lead us to a solution, and how desirable these solutions are. The thorough qualitative analysis we present in this thesis reveals some promise as well as some challenges for the far-reaching problem of representation in reasoning, and the automation of the processes of change and choice of representation.
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Barry, Caswell John. "Terra cognita : representations of space in the rodent hippocampus and entorhinal cortex." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444512/.
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The rodent hippocampus and associated structures are implicated in spatial memory and navigation. A necessary requirement of these roles is the ability to integrate incoming sensory information with pre-existing knowledge about an environment. With this dichotomy in mind, sensory control over place cell firing in the hippocampus, and grid cell firing in the entorhinal cortex were investigated. In the first experimental chapter a computational model of hippocampal place cell firing is presented. The model, a two layer feed-forwards network, describes place fields as a function of the distance and direction to boundaries surrounding an animal. It is shown that by incorporating the idea of boundaries with distinct sensory qualities, and by allowing synaptic weights to be updated by application of the BCM learning rule, the model is able to capture: (1) Experiential changes in place fields resulting from prolonged exposure to a static environment, and (2) Changes in place field position and firing rate induced by movement of cues and boundaries in a familiar environment. The model is shown to compare favourably with novel electrophysiological data collected for this purpose and with experimental findings published by other authors. The second experimental chapter investigates the affects geometric manipulations of a familiar environment have on the firing of medial entorhinal grid cells. Novel data is presented that shows grid cell firing represents an experience-dependent interaction between sensory input and learnt expectation about the size of an animal's enclosure. It is also shown that this interaction evolves with time to resolve conflict between the two sources of information. Finally it is noted that grids from a single animal are aligned and have fixed relative sizes. The final chapter discusses the data in terms of how the brain perceives and represents the world.
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Liu, Tong Tina, and 刘彤. "High and low: the resolution of representations in visual working memory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50900109.
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Visual working memory (VWM) has long been considered to be limited in capacity, but the way in which it is limited remains unclear. One of the theoretical debates in visual working memory concerns whether the number of objects that can be stored is fixed (discrete slot models) or variable (flexible resource models). Recent research on the resolution of VWM has helped elucidate this debate by acknowledging an important trade-off between number and resolution: as the number of items stored increases, the resolution of representation declines. Yet, a different conception suggests that the number and resolution may represent distinct aspects of visual working memory, evidenced by both behavioral and neuroimaging data. In this thesis, I examined three theoretical questions regarding the relationship between the number and the resolution of items in VWM. First, how does set size affect high- & low-resolution representations (differentially)? If an item limit can be evidenced in the high-resolution measure, but not in the low-resolution measure, my second research question emerges. That is, how much resolution do we have for the remaining objects when the item limit is exceeded? Third, if both high- & low-resolution representations of an item exist in VWM, are they stored together or independently?
In a series of five experiments, I addressed these questions using an adapted continuous report paradigm, in which participants were asked to remember a mixture of objects from two categories and respond firstly to the category of the item-to-report (low-resolution measure), followed by a second within-category response (high-resolution measure) which was contingent on the first. In Experiments 1-2, only performance in the low-resolution, but not in the high-resolution, measure was largely indifferent to set size, which was not compatible with either discrete slot or flexible resource models, but was largely consistent with predictions from the two-factor model and the neural object-file theory. In Experiments 3-4, precision of high-resolution representations declined monotonically until the set size reached around four items, fitting to the predictions from discrete slot models. The overall accuracy in low-resolution measure, however, remained relatively high, suggesting differential set size influence on high- and low-resolution representations. In Experiment 5, capacity comparison revealed no significant difference when the low-resolution task was absent. Taken together, I demonstrate that 1) both low-resolution ensemble representations and high-resolution individual item representations exist in VWM, and 2) high-resolution representations (i.e. object identity) and low-resolution representations (i.e. objects’ categories, configural information and perhaps some coarse feature information) of an object might be stored independently.published_or_final_version
Psychology
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Trimm, Alexandra. "The Frozen Moment: Representations of Space, Time and the Experiential in Installation Art." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/313.
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This paper examines the history of installation art and explains the concept and themes within my installation component of the studio art major. It details how readymades, site-specificity, and an emphasis on experiential work all contributed to the creation of installation art as a medium. Next, I turn to my own work, exploring the theme of representing time and altering the perceptions of the viewer. Through a web of fishing line and tempered glass, the installation visually imitates a single, frozen moment of an explosion that the viewer can walk into and explore. The paper continues with a discussion of relevant themes in the work by contemporary artists Ori Gerst, Heide Fasnacht, Cornelia Parker, E.V. Day, Lee Bontecou, and James Turrell, and concludes with ideas for the continuation of the project in the spring 2014 semester.
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Ronquillo, Rivera Javier Alfredo. "Extremely Amenable Groups and Banach Representations." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1520548085599864.
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Weder, Nandi. "Urban space in transformation : reading social change in Vladislavic's Johannesburg Pamuk's Istanbul and Dalrymple's Delhi." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62670.
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Our cultural values and socio-political perspectives are perhaps most clearly reflected in our material environment. When this environment is subjected to drastic change, the effects on these values and perspectives are likely to be profound. This dissertation considers the wide-ranging socio-cultural effects of material change through a close reading of three literary texts, each of which presents a portrait of a particular city in transition. The three texts which form the basis of this study are Orhan Pamuk's Istanbul: Memories and the City, William Dalrymple's City of Djinns: A Year in Delhi, and Ivan Vladislavic's Portrait with Keys: The City of Johannesburg Unlocked. In my reading of the effects of material change as depicted in these texts, I draw on architectural theorist Fred Scott's three possible approaches to existing material and cultural infrastructure, namely demolition, preservation and re-appropriation. Using this framework, and extending it in several ways, I discuss the ways in which processes of demolition/destruction, preservation, and adaptation/re-appropriation are inscribed in these texts. In Pamuk's Istanbul, the founding of the modern nation state of Turkey is shown to have stimulated two opposing responses, namely Mustafa Kemal's discourse of Turkification, concerned with development and modernity, and a reactionary melancholy yearning for the past, called hüzün. Dalrymple's City of Djinns highlights the various forms of socio-cultural destruction which accompanied Partition while also documenting the many examples of accidental preservation within the rapidly modernising city; also important in City of Djinns are descriptions of material and cultural re-appropriation, highlighted in depictions of urban resilience and the formation of new heterogeneous communities capable of transcending former divisions. Vladislavic's Johannesburg is also concerned with three possible responses to change in the urban environment after the abolition of apartheid: the urge to demolish and emigrate, the contrary need to preserve and fortify, as well as the compromise offered by the decision to re-appropriate and adapt.Orhan Pamuk
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
English
MA
Unrestricted
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Bhattacharyya, Madhubanti. "Changing representations of space and identity in Indian women's novels, at home and abroad." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539347.
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This thesis is a study of the changing ways in which novels by women of Indian ethnic origin have represented the relationships between spaces and identities and by extension, 'constructed' particular visions of both. Spaces, in this context, have been taken to refer to the larger concept of India, aswell asthe specific locations of homes, work-places etc, whilst identities refer, in this thesis, to women protagonists. My thesis builds upon cultural geographers' propositions that spaces and identities are mutually constructed (constructing) entities by suggesting that gendered experiences are also written about in gendered ways. Both experiences and representations are mediated by traits inescapable in a sprawling, hierarchical and unevenly populated country. Some of the most important of those factors, apart from gender are caste and/or class loyalties, as well as locations in rural or urban milieu within India, or outside of its geographical boundaries. The primary questions are these: are recognisably similar constructions of spaces and identities, (more specifically, 'India' and 'Indian women'), met with within the pages of the novels, or, do the differences take on recognisable patterns? The fact of these writers being women of Indian-ethnic origin, writing in English, adds another dimension of complexity, outside the worlds of the texts, but impacting those within; it is with these issues that Chapter 1 engages. The novels chosen for the purpose of this study have been grouped thematically (spatially), having first been divided into two categories based on the primary locations of the protagonists, within or outside India; these form the basis for Chapters 2 and 3. Not surprisingly, the characters' spaces mirror those of the novelists themselves and this thesis argues in Chapter 4, that the writers are constructed by their own environments even asthey re-fashion them through their writings.
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Nakagawa, M. "The production of multi-layered space in Japanese spatial representations between 2D and 3D." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/134218/.
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This thesis examines the production of multi-layered space in Japan. Composed of 2D planes, this multi-layered space, generally called the concept of ‘ma’ has mystified outsiders as an alternative spatiality to that of the West. In Japan, numerous studies have emphasised the uniqueness of this Japanese spatiality by confirming the existence of the multi-layered space. These studies, empirical in nature, mostly focus on concrete materials such as buildings and 2D representations or sometimes use statistics, confusing mental and real spaces. As a result, theoretical studies and especially critical insights into this concept remain rare; there has been no investigation into mental space. Therefore, I will challenge such conventions by theorising the production of multi-layered space through critical perspectives. The aim is to investigate an ―Asiatic mode of production‖ of space by asking how multi-layered space has been produced in the representations of Japanese cities and architecture. Using Henri Lefebvre‘s formation of production of space as the main theoretical framework, this thesis explores two types of production of multi-layered space in architectural writings and in an exhibition about the concept of ‘ma’ held in Paris in 1978. In addition, the thesis elaborates on three different forms of multilayered space produced in Japan: 2D representations of paintings and maps, the state‘s location designation system, and the Japanese cartoon film called anime. On the whole, this thesis opens up a new dimension in the Japanese way of understanding space. It identifies a theory of layering in visual representations and develops 2D space into 3D space. More importantly, this thesis points out that multilayered space can be derived from written language and that it has been embedded in everyday 2D and 3D physical manifestations such as arts, architecture, mapping and films. The notion of an individual subject is generally absent from this space.
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Törnqvist, Felix. "The Dream of the Garden City : representations of space as a means of resistance." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80699.
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Uppsatsen undersöker och beskriver motstånd motförtätning i Stora Mossen, en välbeställd villaförort angränsande Stockholms innerstad. Materialet speglas i relation till fysisk plats (space), hur motstånd skapas och rättfärdigas i samspel med omgivningar och de sociala förutsättningar som sätts utav dem. Motståndet är som sådant en spegling av det liv och de förutsättningar som existerar i Stora Mossen med omnejd, och står därmed inte nödvändigtvis i relation till staden eller länet i stort. Underlaget är inhämtatunder vintern 2011/2012 och består av offentligt material från kommunala utskott, kontor och styrelser; skriftliga klagomål från och halvstrukturerade intervjuer med närboende samt observationer utförda på plats.Thesis concern local resistance to densification projects in Stora Mossen, a well-off suburb to Stockholm. The material shows how resistance is formed and shaped in relation to space, as a part of life and the economic and social situation of the concerned area as opposed to the metropolitan area at large. Source material consists of public material, written complaints, semi-structured interviews with informants as well as field observations performed during the winter 2011-2012.
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Schick, Wiebke [Verfasser], and Hanspeter A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mallot. "Acquisition and consolidation of hierarchical representations of space / Wiebke Schick ; Betreuer: Hanspeter A. Mallot." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168634679/34.
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TAVARES, FELIPE RANGEL. "CRISTOLÂNDIA: REPRESENTATIONS AND UTOPIAS IN THE (RE)PRODUCTION AND (RE)APPROPRIATION OF URBAN SPACE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23553@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A cidade do Rio de Janeiro passa por um processo de produção espacial banalizado, resultado de dois processos entendidos como facetas da metropolização do espaço: a mercadificação e a militarização. Uma expressão de tal banalização do espaço é percebida a partir das cracolândias, como popularmente as cenas de crack são conhecidas. Cracolândia é uma representação que oculta e mascara as contradições do espaço, uma faceta da urbanização banalizada. Por outro lado, todo esse movimento suscita a contestação e a transgressão, o protesto. E é neste sentido que, a partir do que Harvey chama de livre fluxo da imaginação, objetivamos buscar meios de moldar alternativas e possibilidades diante deste cotidiano organizado e programado pelo mundo da mercadoria. A partir do espaço de representação que é a Cristolândia, observamos as práticas espaciais dos missionários como uma luta pela reapropriação do espaço urbano, por meio de seu espaço de utopia, construído sobre uma base formada pelos valores da justiça, libertação e compaixão. Esta luta é observada como uma dentre muitas outras. O princípio norteador dessa pesquisa está em abrir alternativas e possibilidades, procurar rachaduras para superar o estado de coisas atual. Se a representação Cristolândia contesta a representação cracolândia, e busca transformá-la, acreditamos que seja possível transformar o espaço inteiro, a cidade inteira. É um projeto utópico, mas, sem utopia não há ação. Portanto, a utopia é uma necessidade urgente à revolução.
Rio de Janeiro city is under a space production process cheapened resulted by other two process understood as space metropolization’s facets: the marketfication and the militarization. One expression of such trivialization of space is noted thru Cracolândias, as the crack scene are popularly known. Cracolândia is one representation that hide and mask the space contradiction, one facet of trivialized urbanization. On the other hand all this movement raises the contestation and transgression, protest. In this meaning, from what Harvey calls free flow of imagination, objectify to search ways of framing alternatives and possibilities front of these everyday life and programed by world merchandise. From space of representations that is Cristolândia, we noted the spaces practices of missionaries as a fight for reappropriation of urban space by their utopia space, built over one base formed by values as justice, liberation and compassion. This struggle is noticed as one among many other. The research guiding principle is to open the alternatives and possibilities, seek cracks to overcome the actual state of affairs. If the representation of Cristolândia challenges the representation of cracolândia and pursuit to turn it, we believe that is possible to transform the entire space, the entire city. It is a utopian project, but without utopia there is no action. Therefore, utopia is an urgency needed for revolution.
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Aljahdali, Samar Hameed H. "Venturing into a vanishing space : representations of Palestine in Jewish-American and Arab novels." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14996.
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This study explores the literary representation of Palestine by Jewish American and Arab novelists within the emergent geopolitics of settler colonialism, thus challenging the notion that Palestine presents a unique situation that largely defies comparative approaches. It illustrates how postcolonial theory proves necessary but insufficient to engage the cultural and political specificities of the Palestinian situation, both as fictional representation and as otherwise knowable history. Here, recent developments in theorising settler colonialism provide a useful starting point. Drawing on the work of Patrick Wolfe and Lorenzo Veracini, with its revisionary challenge to postcolonial theory in relation to the need to distinguish between settler colonialism and metropole colonialism, this thesis argues that the case of Palestine problematizes the settler colonial paradigm. Overlaps and entanglements between the supposedly distinct forms of colonialism on the ground complicate the discreteness of the settler model. Hence, the focus on Jewish-American novel serves to suggest that the Zionist settler enterprise is inseparable from American imperialism, and therefore challenges conceptualizations of a purely settler phenomenon in Palestine. The study draws together New Historicism and postcolonialism, suggesting that engagement with the intersection of these two approaches is both valid and timely. The New Historicist return to history proves central to appraisal of the forms of power that continue to condition the authority accorded to a particular version of events, and to the evaluation of the writer’s responsibility to reality as well as the measure of truth embedded even in most fictionalized versions of history. Accordingly, the structure of the thesis identifies key historical moments in the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, juxtaposing Jewish-American renditions of the Zionist settler project with Arab counter-narratives. The emphasis in the thesis on historicising rhetorical appropriations and restoring a Palestinian version of events challenges the perception transfer of settler narratives, which, to the privilege of settlers’ self-origination, has long relegated Palestinian people, land, and narratives to the peripheries of history and postcolonial debates. The first three chapters focus on three signal events: the 1948 nakba, the 1967 war, and the 1980s uprising. The first chapter compares and contrasts two versions of the 1948 events as represented in Leon Uris’s The Haj (1984) and Elias Khoury’s Gate of the Sun (1998; trans. 2005). Drawing on the revisionary work of the Israeli new historians, together with Palestinian commentators, the chapter explores the 1948 Palestinian exodus in terms of settlers’ violence and logic of elimination, which Uris’s narrative conceals behind a Western civilizational discourse. Against Uris’s legitimation of the master Zionist narrative, Khoury’s novel suggests an instance of ‘writing back,’ narrating the unspoken and replacing the monologism of the official line with the multiplicity of oral history. The second chapter extends this cross-cultural research to the 1967 war, suggesting the centrality of this event to paradigmatic shifts in Palestinian historical experience and self-representation as well as in the Jewish American writer’s relation to the state of Israel. Literary representations of 1967 Palestine, including Edward Said’s Out of Place: A Memoir (2000), Halim Barakat’s Six Days (1961; trans. 1990) and Days of Dust (1969; trans. 1986), Sahar Khalifeh’s Wild Thorns (1976; trans. 2003), and Saul Bellow’s Mr Sammler’s Planet (1970) and To Jerusalem and Back: A Personal Account (1976), articulate liminality, ambivalence, and the enabling of new possibilities and fresh perspectives. Each of these writers reveals a shared concern for the politics of the local in order to escape the burdens of diasporic existence, attempting to redefine what seems to be a borderless and geographically vague existence. While post-1967 narratives affirm the rise of a new focus for Palestinian writers, the third chapter shows how the greater visibility of Palestinians in the aftermath of the 1980s uprising finds literary form in US fiction. Philip Roth’s Operation Shylock: A Confession (1993) illustrates the cultural limits that restrict a dialogic engagement with the emerging heteroglossia in US media following the appearance of a Palestinian voice and an anti-Zionist stance. However, this failed dialogism reveals how silence and dissimulation become forms of expression, unveiling the dynamics that manipulate the space permitted for Palestinians in Jewish American fiction. Recovering Palestinian literature from the margins of postcolonial studies, the final chapter charts ways of representing Palestinian (post)coloniality by drawing on the temporal and spatial specifications conceptualised in Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of the chronotope. Raja Shehadeh’s Palestinian Walks (2008) and Susan Abulhawa’s Mornings in Jenin (2011) reinvent the traditions of walking and returning, previously manipulated in Zionist settler narratives, in order to articulate a political protest against settler colonialism and assert the legitimacy of the Palestinians’ claim to the land. Although focusing on the Palestinian case, this study seeks to open up the postcolonial to the historical and rhetorical specificities of the literature emerging from contemporary settler colonial situations, and the possible enactment of postcolonial passages in not-yet-postcolonial contexts.
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Trigoni, Mirsini. "Home visions : representations of interior space in Wallpaper, Elle Decoration and Ideal Home magazines." Thesis, University of East London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532898.
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This study explores how creative practitioners work and how interior spaces can be differently represented across magazines of different backgrounds and target readerships. This study produces an analysis of the style and character of the published representations of interior spaces. It explores the modes carefully selected by practitioners in order to construct visual texts - to successfully address their distinctive target readerships. As part of this analysis, and as a central element of the work, the thesis develops a way of looking at images. This study develops and demonstrates a method based on content analysis and presents a detailed coding form and protocol, for the detailed analysis of visual texts. This research produces an analytical tool to capture the atmosphere and dynamic of the image and the variations of interior space, rather than just the content of the image as content analysis normally does. This study draws on material from comparative analysis of three contemporary magazines (Wallpaper, Elle Decoration and Ideal Home) during the years 1997-2006. In order to explore the visual texts of these magazines I chose to combine quantitative and qualitative methods. From quantitative methods I selected content analysis and developed it in so far as to explore in depth the texts of the magazines. From qualitative methods I selected fieldwork observations collected in four London-based home magazines' editorial offices, and selective elements from diverse fields such as semiotics and visual theories, sociology, anthropology, advertising and media studies. This research suggests that magazines promote different representations of interior spaces depending on their background and target readership. Features aiming at an elite, very upmarket readership adopt an aesthetic approach and produce minimal, unrealistic and design-focused spaces, often with an entertaining or surreal twist; however, frequently these depictions look lifeless and self-centred. As we move towards more downmarket readerships, the representations of interior spaces become more realistic, practical and informative and less experimental; these spaces are lively, warm and human and often appeal to their readers' senses, memories and emotions; these are spaces that are designed to promote, cultivate and celebrate human relationships. 2
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Nielsen, Hanne Elliot Fønss. "The Wide White Stage: Representations of Antarctica in Theatrical Productions (1930-2011)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Gateway Antarctica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8812.
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This project examines representations of Antarctica in the theatre and analyses these in terms of space and place in order to chart the development of awareness of the continent. As examples of cultural production, plays and their treatment of imagined Antarctic space can provide insights into how attitudes towards the continent have developed and been expressed by revealing the dominant narratives at various points in time. A close reading of nine plays from 1930 – 2011 focuses on the use of mimetic and diegetic space within the theatre, examining the language used, stories told and attitudes present. Such analysis reveals the factors determining the choice of an Antarctic setting, be they ecological, political or metaphorical, whilst shedding light on how attitudes towards place, space and representation have changed within the theatre context.
These plays can be grouped under four thematic headings, namely “In Scott’s Footsteps,” “Retelling,” “Reimagining,” and “Returning.” While Antarctica remains a backdrop in earlier plays, where Heroic Era narratives are foregrounded, more recent productions have seen the continent come to the fore, where it is treated as part of a global web of connections. These plays illustrate a progression in how Antarctica has been represented upon the stage, a progression that parallels how we have thought about Antarctica in general.
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Schaub, Kayla. "Representations of Minority Women in Banlieue Cinema: Divines and Bande de filles." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554215562826029.
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Gibert, Domingo Jaume. "Vector Space Embedding of Graphs via Statistics of Labelling Information." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96240.
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El reconeixement de patrons és la tasca que pretén distingir objectes entre diferents classes. Quan aquesta tasca es vol solucionar de forma automàtica un pas crucial és el com representar formalment els patrons a l'ordinador. En funció d'aquests formalismes, podem distingir entre el reconeixement estadístic i l'estructural. El primer descriu objectes com un conjunt de mesures col·locats en forma del que s'anomena un vector de característiques. El segon assumeix que hi ha relacions entre parts dels objectes que han de quedar explícitament representades i per tant fa servir estructures relacionals com els grafs per codificar la seva informació inherent. Els espais vectorials són una estructura matemàtica molt flexible que ha permès definir diverses maneres eficients d'analitzar patrons sota la forma de vectors de característiques. De totes maneres, la representació vectorial no és capaç d'expressar explícitament relacions binàries entre parts dels objectes i està restrigida a mesurar sempre, independentment de la complexitat dels patrons, el mateix nombre de característiques per cadascun d'ells. Les representacions en forma de graf presenten la situació contrària. Poden adaptar-se fàcilment a la complexitat inherent dels patrons però introdueixen un problema d'alta complexitat computational, dificultant el disseny d'eines eficients per al procés i l'anàlisis de patrons.
Resoldre aquesta paradoxa és el principal objectiu d'aquesta tesi. La situació ideal per resoldre problemes de reconeixement de patrons seria el representar-los fent servir estructures relacionals com els grafs, i a l'hora, poder fer ús del ric repositori d'eines pel processament de dades del reconeixement estadístic. Una solució elegant a aquest problema és la de transformar el domini dels grafs en el domini dels vectors, on podem aplicar qualsevol algorisme de processament de dades. En altres paraules, assignant a cada graf un punt en un espai vectorial, automàticament tenim accés al conjunt d'algorismes del món estadístic per aplicar-los al domini dels grafs. Aquesta metodologia s'anomena graph embedding.
En aquesta tesi proposem de fer una associació de grafs a vectors de característiques de forma simple i eficient fixant l'atenció en la informació d'etiquetatge dels grafs. En particular, comptem les freqüències de les etiquetes dels nodes així com de les aretes entre etiquetes determinades. Tot i la seva localitat, aquestes característiques donen una representació prou robusta de les propietats globals dels grafs. Primer tractem el cas de grafs amb etiquetes discretes, on les característiques són sencilles de calcular. El cas continu és abordat com una generalització del cas discret, on enlloc de comptar freqüències d'etiquetes, ho fem de representants d'aquestes. Ens trobem que les representacions vectorials que proposem pateixen d'alta dimensionalitat i correlació entre components, i tractem aquests problems mitjançant algorismes de selecció de característiques. També estudiem com la diversitat de diferents representacions pot ser explotada per tal de millorar el rendiment de classificadors base en el marc d'un sistema de múltiples classificadors. Finalment, amb una extensa evaluació experimental mostrem com la metodologia proposada pot ser calculada de forma eficient i com aquesta pot competir amb altres metodologies per a la comparació de grafs.Pattern recognition is the task that aims at distinguishing objects among different classes. When such a task wants to be solved in an automatic way a crucial step is how to formally represent such patterns to the computer. Based on the different representational formalisms, we may distinguish between statistical and structural pattern recognition. The former describes objects as a set of measurements arranged in the form of what is called a feature vector. The latter assumes that relations between parts of the underlying objects need to be explicitly represented and thus it uses relational structures such as graphs for encoding their inherent information. Vector spaces are a very flexible mathematical structure that has allowed to come up with several efficient ways for the analysis of patterns under the form of feature vectors. Nevertheless, such a representation cannot explicitly cope with binary relations between parts of the objects and it is restricted to measure the exact same number of features for each pattern under study regardless of their complexity. Graph-based representations present the contrary situation. They can easily adapt to the inherent complexity of the patterns but introduce a problem of high computational complexity, hindering the design of efficient tools to process and analyze patterns. Solving this paradox is the main goal of this thesis. The ideal situation for solving pattern recognition problems would be to represent the patterns using relational structures such as graphs, and to be able to use the wealthy repository of data processing tools from the statistical pattern recognition domain. An elegant solution to this problem is to transform the graph domain into a vector domain where any processing algorithm can be applied. In other words, by mapping each graph to a point in a vector space we automatically get access to the rich set of algorithms from the statistical domain to be applied in the graph domain. Such methodology is called graph embedding. In this thesis we propose to associate feature vectors to graphs in a simple and very efficient way by just putting attention on the labelling information that graphs store. In particular, we count frequencies of node labels and of edges between labels. Although their locality, these features are able to robustly represent structurally global properties of graphs, when considered together in the form of a vector. We initially deal with the case of discrete attributed graphs, where features are easy to compute. The continuous case is tackled as a natural generalization of the discrete one, where rather than counting node and edge labelling instances, we count statistics of some representatives of them. We encounter how the proposed vectorial representations of graphs suffer from high dimensionality and correlation among components and we face these problems by feature selection algorithms. We also explore how the diversity of different embedding representations can be exploited in order to boost the performance of base classifiers in a multiple classifier systems framework. An extensive experimental evaluation finally shows how the methodology we propose can be efficiently computed and compete with other graph matching and embedding methodologies.
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Hübsch, Magnus. "UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPTS PERIPERSONAL SPACE, BODY SCHEMA AND BODY IMAGE." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-10725.
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This study will look into to the concepts of Peripersonal Space, The Body Schema and The Body Image. It examines how the terms are typically used and describes the various views about the concepts found in the literature, as well as the contradictions between these views. In the section “The Difficulty to Differentiate the Concepts” the reader gets a deeper understanding of which criteria researchers use to differentiate the concepts from one another. The fact that there are changes in kineamethic model and sensation in humans when they are using a rake is proposed as support for the idea that also the body schema is involved in tool use. In differentiating the Body schema – Body Image from each other (and other types of body representation) we come to the conclusion that positive definitions about different representations is needed and that researchers should unite their views what the definitions should be. We also mention a problem based on the possibility on infinite body representations and a solution by a Bayesian model is proposed that looks at the input as well as the output in experiments.
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Mizan, Souzana. "National Geographic: visual and verbal representations of subaltern cultures revisited." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-09092011-090808/.
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This thesis is a multidisciplinary endeavor that draws on theories from Visual Culture Studies, Subaltern Studies and Critical Theory. The discourses of these areas interact in various ways in order to analyze representations of subaltern groups in National Geographic magazine. We see these representations as multimodal cultural texts that mobilize historical, sociological, political, economic, aesthetic and philosophical elements. We do close reading of the visual and verbal texts that the magazine produces on the subaltern in order to show that we get to know more about the Western conceptual world through these representations than on the Other since the conceptual categories National Geographic uses are culture specific and not universal. We show that both the discourse of the magazine and that of the researcher doing the analysis are products of their locus of enunciation and its historical context. We finally emphasize the importance of admitting the power of mediation when we talk about anthropological representations. The magazine uses an apparently scientific discourse in order to validate the truthfulness of its representations. However, its science is formed by concepts expressive of the Western cultural hegemony which seeks to construct knowledge that is rooted in power.Esta tese é um projeto multidisciplinar, que se baseia em teorias de Cultura Visual, Estudos Subalternos e Teoria Crítica. Os discursos dessas áreas interagem de várias maneiras com o objetivo de analisar as representações de grupos subalternos na revista National Geographic. Vemos essas representações como textos culturais multimodais que mobilizam elementos históricos, sociológicos, políticos, econômicos, estéticos e filosóficos. Fazemos uma leitura dos textos visuais e verbais que a revista produz sobre o subalterno, a fim de mostrar que acabamos sabendo mais sobre o mundo conceitual ocidental através dessas representações do que sobre o Outro, uma vez que as categorias que a National Geographic usa são específicas da cultura ocidental e não universais. Mostramos que tanto o discurso da revista quanto o do pesquisador que faz a analise das representações são produtos de seu locus de enunciação e seu contexto histórico. Finalmente, enfatizamos a importância de admitir o poder de mediação quando falamos sobre representações antropológicas. A revista usa um discurso aparentemente científico, a fim de validar a veracidade de suas representações. No entanto, sua ciência é formada por conceitos da hegemonia cultural ocidental, que procura construir conhecimento que está enraizado no poder.
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Schweizer, Bobby. "Representations of the city in video games." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28251.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Literature, Communication, and Culture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Pearce, Celia; Committee Member: Do, Ellen Yi-Luen; Committee Member: Knoespel, Kenneth; Committee Member: Nitsche, Michael.
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Tran, Thi Quynh Nhi. "Robust and comprehensive joint image-text representations." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1096/document.
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La présente thèse étudie la modélisation conjointe des contenus visuels et textuels extraits à partir des documents multimédias pour résoudre les problèmes intermodaux. Ces tâches exigent la capacité de ``traduire'' l'information d'une modalité vers une autre. Un espace de représentation commun, par exemple obtenu par l'Analyse Canonique des Corrélation ou son extension kernelisée est une solution généralement adoptée. Sur cet espace, images et texte peuvent être représentés par des vecteurs de même type sur lesquels la comparaison intermodale peut se faire directement.Néanmoins, un tel espace commun souffre de plusieurs déficiences qui peuvent diminuer la performance des ces tâches. Le premier défaut concerne des informations qui sont mal représentées sur cet espace pourtant très importantes dans le contexte de la recherche intermodale. Le deuxième défaut porte sur la séparation entre les modalités sur l'espace commun, ce qui conduit à une limite de qualité de traduction entre modalités. Pour faire face au premier défaut concernant les données mal représentées, nous avons proposé un modèle qui identifie tout d'abord ces informations et puis les combine avec des données relativement bien représentées sur l'espace commun. Les évaluations sur la tâche d'illustration de texte montrent que la prise en compte de ces information fortement améliore les résultats de la recherche intermodale. La contribution majeure de la thèse se concentre sur la séparation entre les modalités sur l'espace commun pour améliorer la performance des tâches intermodales. Nous proposons deux méthodes de représentation pour les documents bi-modaux ou uni-modaux qui regroupent à la fois des informations visuelles et textuelles projetées sur l'espace commun. Pour les documents uni-modaux, nous suggérons un processus de complétion basé sur un ensemble de données auxiliaires pour trouver les informations correspondantes dans la modalité absente. Ces informations complémentaires sont ensuite utilisées pour construire une représentation bi-modale finale pour un document uni-modal. Nos approches permettent d'obtenir des résultats de l'état de l'art pour la recherche intermodale ou la classification bi-modale et intermodaleThis thesis investigates the joint modeling of visual and textual content of multimedia documents to address cross-modal problems. Such tasks require the ability to match information across modalities. A common representation space, obtained by eg Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis, on which images and text can be both represented and directly compared is a generally adopted solution.Nevertheless, such a joint space still suffers from several deficiencies that may hinder the performance of cross-modal tasks. An important contribution of this thesis is therefore to identify two major limitations of such a space. The first limitation concerns information that is poorly represented on the common space yet very significant for a retrieval task. The second limitation consists in a separation between modalities on the common space, which leads to coarse cross-modal matching. To deal with the first limitation concerning poorly-represented data, we put forward a model which first identifies such information and then finds ways to combine it with data that is relatively well-represented on the joint space. Evaluations on emph{text illustration} tasks show that by appropriately identifying and taking such information into account, the results of cross-modal retrieval can be strongly improved. The major work in this thesis aims to cope with the separation between modalities on the joint space to enhance the performance of cross-modal tasks.We propose two representation methods for bi-modal or uni-modal documents that aggregate information from both the visual and textual modalities projected on the joint space. Specifically, for uni-modal documents we suggest a completion process relying on an auxiliary dataset to find the corresponding information in the absent modality and then use such information to build a final bi-modal representation for a uni-modal document. Evaluations show that our approaches achieve state-of-the-art results on several standard and challenging datasets for cross-modal retrieval or bi-modal and cross-modal classification
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Mossop, Frances. "Mapping Weimar Berlin : representations of space in the feuilletons of Joseph Roth, Gabriele Tergit and Kurt Tucholsky." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8065.
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Feuilleton articles published during the Weimar period in major Berlin newspapers captured the dynamics of the era. The contrast between pre-revolutionary Wilhelmine Berlin and the industrial modernity that characterised the Weimar capital was particularly influential for journalistic writing. Feuilleton items – short, subjective accounts falling between literary narrative and journalism – offered a sense of re-orientation in altered times by commenting on aspects of daily social and political life in the city. As such, feuilletons are inseparable from Berlin and the events unfolding there during the 1920s and early 1930s. Drawing on the spatial turn in recent cultural studies, this thesis explores how individual feuilleton writers construct Weimar Berlin on the page. Its specific interest is in examining representations of space in the articles of authors and journalists Joseph Roth (1894–1939), Gabriele Tergit (1894–1982) and Kurt Tucholsky (1890–1935). They contributed to the flourishing feuilleton scene in the metropolitan broadsheets and journals, and their works remain significant beyond Berlin and the era of the Weimar Republic. Central to my thesis is the interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the study of their journalistic oeuvres, which foregrounds spatiality within the context of literary analysis. In particular, I illustrate how the authors’ perceptions of the post-war world are articulated through the use of spatial categories. Here, Berlin is shown to be subject to individual acts of mapping as Roth, Tergit and Tucholsky explore the issues of the day via the depiction of specific types of space in the city. Space as an analytical category is a novel, as yet unexplored, means of reading feuilleton articles, and it allows us to identify recurring themes or programmatic issues pursued by writers. Spatial theory, I argue, enhances our understanding of how contemporaries perceived the city and therefore their times. This in turn provides us with new, valuable knowledge of Berlin and the Weimar period.
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Monsalve, Mercado Mauro Miguel [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Leibold. "Space in the brain : of learning and representations / Mauro Miguel Monsalve Mercado ; Betreuer: Christian Leibold." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116394890X/34.
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Sjöstedt, Klas. "The 2+1 Lorentz Group and Its Representations." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183368.
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The Lorentz group is a symmetry group on Minkowski space, and as such is central to studying the geometry of this and related spaces. The group therefore shows up also from physical considerations, such as trying to formulate quantum physics in anti-de Sitter space. In this thesis, the Lorentz group in 2+1 dimensions and its representations are investigated, and comparisons are made to the analogous rotation group. Firstly, all unitary irreducible representations are found and classified. Then, those representations are realised as the square-integrable, analytic functions on the unit circle and the unit disk, which turn out to correspond to the projective lightcone and the hyperbolic plane, respectively. Also, a way to realise a particular class of representations on 1+1-dimensional anti-de Sitter space is shown.Lorentzgruppen är en symmetrigrupp på Minkowski-rum, och är således central för att studera geometrin i detta och relaterade rum. Gruppen dyker också därför upp från fysikaliska frågeställningar, såsom att försöka formulera kvantfysik i anti-de Sitter-rum. Denna uppsats undersöker Lorentzgruppen i 2+1 dimensioner och dess representationer, och jämför med den analoga rotationsgruppen. Först konstrueras och klassificeras alla unitära irreducibla representationer. Sedan realiseras dessa representationer som de analytiska funktioner på enhetscirkeln och enhetsskivan vars belopp i kvadrat är integrerbara. Det visar sig att denna cirkel respektive skiva svarar mot den projektiva ljuskonen respektive det hyperboliska planet. Dessutom visas att en särskild klass av representationer blir relevanta för att formulera kvantfysik i 1+1-dimensionellt anti-de Sitter-rum.
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Villaescusa, Illán Irene. "Hybrid cities: cinematic representations of space, culture and history in Hong Kong and Santiago de Chile." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48539818.
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The aim of this paper is to do a cross-cultural study between the cities of Santiago de Chile and Hong Kong analyzing the representation of urban areas in two films: the Chilean film Machuca (2003) by Andrés Wood and the Chinese film Little Cheung (1999) by Hong Kong director Fruit Chan. Occasional reference to other cinematic examples will be relevant to understand the filmmakers’ work, the historical background as well as the choice of themes and modes of representation.
Néstor García Canclini´s theories on hybrid cultures, urban imaginaries and post-colonial modernity in Latin America will form the main framework from which to analyze the particularities of both cities and their relevance in the formation of culture, history and identity. The colonial legacy and the historical context of Hong Kong and Chile at the time of the film’s settings make them interesting subjects for comparison in light of the above theories. This study aims to argue two hypotheses: first, in what ways can we think of Hong Kong and Santiago as examples of hybrid cities, what are the historical, social and cultural processes that have led to such state of hybridity and what are the implications of understanding the city as a hybrid space; and second, how art (cinema) and the media deal with cultural and historical issues of identity and belonging in order to contribute to the construction of individual and public memory in urban communities.published_or_final_version
Literary and Cultural Studies
Master
Master of Arts
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Buchele, Suzanne Fox. "Three-dimensional binary space partitioning tree and constructive solid geometry tree construction from algebraic boundary representations /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Alkhoury, Ziad. "Minimality, input-output equivalence and identifiability of LPV systems in state-space and linear fractional representations." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2319/document.
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Dans cette thèse, plusieurs concepts importants liés à la théorie de la réalisation des modèles linéaires à paramètres variants (LPV) sont étudiés.Tout d’abord, nous abordons le problème de l’identifiabilité des modèles LPV affines (ALPV). Une nouvelle condition suffisante et nécessaire est introduite afin de garantir l’identifiabilité structurelle pour les paramétrages ALPV. L’identifiabilité de cette classe de paramétrages est liée à l’absence d’isomorphismes liant deux représentations d’état LPV lorsque deux modèles LPV correspondant à différentes valeurs des variables de séquencement sont considérés. Nous présentons ainsi une condition suffisante et nécessaire pour l’identifiabilité structurelle locale, et une condition suffisante pour l’identifiabilité structurelle (globale) qui sont toutes deux fonction du rang d’une matrice définie par l’utilisateur. Ces dernières conditions permettent la vérification de l’identifiabilité structurelle des modèles ALPV.Ensuite, étant donné que les techniques d’identification dites locales sont parfois inévitables, nous fournissons une expression analytique de la borne supérieure de l’erreur de comportements entrées-sorties de deux modèles LPV équivalents localement. Cette erreur se révèle être une fonction de (i) la vitesse de changement du signal de séquencement et (ii) l’écart entre les bases cohérentes de deux modèles LPV. En particulier, la différence entre les sorties des deux modèles peut être arbitrairement réduite en choisissant un signal de séquencement qui varie assez lentement.Enfin, nous présentons et étudions des propriétés importantes de la transformation des représentations d’état ALPV en Représentations Linéaires Fractionnelles (LFR). Plus précisément, nous montrons que (i) les représentations ALPV minimales conduisent à des LFR minimales, et vice versa, (ii) le comportement entrée-sortie de la représentation ALPV détermine de manière unique le comportement entrée-sortie de la LFR résultante, (iii) les modèles ALPV structurellement identifiables fournissent des LFRs structurellement identifiables et vice versa. Nous caractérisons ensuite les LFRs qui correspondent á des modèles ALPV équivalents basés sur leurs applications entrées-sorties. Comme illustré tout au long du manuscrit, ces résultats ont des conséquences importantes pour l’identification et la commande des systèmes LPVIn this thesis, important concepts related to the identification of Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) systems are studied.First, we tackle the problem of identifiability of Affine-LPV (ALPV) state-space parametrizations. A new sufficient and necessary condition is introduced in order to guarantee the structural identifiability for ALPV parameterizations. The identifiability of this class of parameterizations is related to the lack of state-space isomorphisms between any two models corresponding to different scheduling parameter values. In addition, we present a sufficient and necessary condition for local structural identifiability, and a sufficient condition for (global) structural identifiability which are both based on the rank of a model-based matrix. These latter conditions allow systematic verification of structural identifiability of ALPV models. Moreover, since local identification techniques are inevitable in certain applications, it is thus a priority to study the discrepancy between different LPV models obtained using different local techniques. We provide an analytic error bound on the difference between the input-output behaviors of any two LPV models which are frozen equivalent. This error bound turns out to be a function of both (i) the speed of the change of the scheduling signal and (ii) the discrepancy between the coherent bases of the two LPV models. In particular, the difference between the outputs of the two models can be made arbitrarily small by choosing a scheduling signal which changes slowly enough.Finally, we introduce and study important properties of the transformation of ALPV statespace representations into Linear Fractional Representations (LFRs). More precisely, we show that (i) state minimal ALPV representations yield minimal LFRs, and vice versa, (ii) the inputoutput behavior of the ALPV representation determines uniquely the input-output behavior of theresulting LFR, (iii) structurally identifiable ALPV models yield structurally identifiable LFRs, and vice versa. We then characterize LFRs which correspond to equivalent ALPV models based on their input-output maps. As illustrated all along the manuscript, these results have important consequences for identification and control of LPV systems
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Schinazi, Victor Roger. "Representing space : the development, content and accuracy of mental representations by the blind and visually impaired." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445839/.
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This thesis reports on two studies on the perception and cognition of space by individuals who are blind and visually impaired. Research was conducted with students from Dorton College at the Royal London Society for the Blind (RLSB) in Kent. The first experiment examined the content and accuracy of mental representations of a well-known environment. Students walked a route around the RLSB campus and learned the position of ten buildings and structures. They were then asked to make pointing judgments, estimate distances and complete a spatial cued model of the campus. The second experiment considered the wayflnding strategies and spatial coding heuristics used to explore a complex novel environment. Students were asked to explore a maze and learn the position of six different locations. Their search patterns were recorded and analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. Students were tested using the same methods as in the previous experiment and their performance was related to the type and frequency of strategies used during exploration. Results were complemented with a mobility questionnaire, a low vision quality of life questionnaire and data from a literacy and numeracy assessment as well as ethnographic material collected by the author during the two years spent working and living at the RLSB. The thesis begins with a discussion of disability and society framed within the context of geography, urban planning and design. The concepts of blindness and visual impairment are then examined with particular attention given to the psychosocial implications of visual loss. This is followed by a discussion of growth and development, and in-depth review of research on the development, content and accuracy of mental representations by the blind and visually impaired. Finally, the methods used to collect and analyse data for both experiments are considered in light of individual differences and the inadequacy of some statistical techniques to account for the heterogeneous nature of visual impairment. Results from the first experiment revealed significant differences in the accuracy and content of mental representation between the sighted, visually impaired and blind groups for the pointing and model construction tasks. Performance in the distance estimation task was similar across groups. Large individual differences were identified, with the performance of individuals in the same group varying according to the type and requirement of the task. Results from the second experiment also revealed significant differences between the different groups, this time for all three tasks. Here again, large individual differences were found within each group. An analysis of distortions revealed that despite a disparity in accuracy, the blind and visually impaired shared many of the systematic distortions typically found in the mental representation of sighted individuals further confirming their ability develop functional mental representations of space. Performance in the pointing, distance estimation and model construction tasks were also related to the type and frequency of strategies used to explore the maze with the best performers using a combination of egocentric and allocentric strategies. In general, results from the two experiments support the amodal notion that the construction of accurate mental representations of space is not limited to any particular sensory modality but facilitated by the visual system. It also emphasizes the need for mutually supportive techniques that incorporate both quantitative and qualitative methods in the collection and analysis of cognitive data.
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Tivnan, Shannon. "Domestic Spaces in Transition: Modern Representations of Dwelling in the Texts of Elizabeth Bowen." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5787.
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In much of the writing of twentieth century Anglo-Irish author Elizabeth Bowen, houses, and in particular family homes, often reflect the psychological and social status of their inhabitants. They can be understood as the structural embodiments of the vast cultural and economic network taking shape as the forces of urbanization and industrialization changed the landscape. Yet, even as these domestic spaces represent the predominant social relations characterizing the first half of the twentieth century, the family homes also can play a key role in character development and gender identity, defining the lives of those who inhabit them, by perpetuating these same previously established and codified social roles and relationships. The family home in Bowen is often characterized by the furniture and objects that fill and structure its interior space, and the resulting pattern of experience functions to confine and represent the lives and expectations of its residents. As a result, for each of these families, this domestic space and the memories with which it is associated exert a strong and compelling force on the family members’ present psychological and emotional states, as well as their expectations for the future. Although the social conventions of the family home can be suffocating in their definition of these expectations, especially for the women of the house, these conventions also supply a stability and constancy that is perhaps conducive to the very formation of a stable identity. The security promised by the inner order of the home comes to determine the psychological stability of the inhabitants’ subjective reality, though the many upheavals that inundated the first half of the twentieth century succeeded in revealing that spatial security as an illusion. If Bowen’s characters are to succeed in achieving a self-determined identity in the new, precarious reality of the modern century, they must not only reconcile themselves to the legacy of the family home and the past traditions that it embodies, but also determine a new basis for self-realization as a twentieth century subject outside of the prescribed roles defined and perpetuated by a more traditional domestic space.
In order to determine the extent to which these modern family homes reflect the dominant social discourses of the period and perpetuate their codes of identity and behavior, it will be necessary to acknowledge and take into consideration the political and cultural environment in which Bowen’s representations of domestic space exist. For example, Bowen’s depiction of the Anglo-Irish Big House Danielstown in The Last September must be understood in light of the declining political and economic power of the Ascendancy that occurred throughout the early twentieth century. In a further effort to examine the significance of homes in Elizabeth Bowen, I will also focus on selected texts from her short fiction. The moments of dispossession that are scattered throughout Bowen’s texts appear to suggest the possibility of the fictions that lie behind the stability of both the family home and the identities of family members attached to that space.
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Kemmer, Thomas [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Hildebrandt. "Space-efficient and exact system representations for the nonlocal protein electrostatics problem / Thomas Kemmer ; Betreuer: Andreas Hildebrandt." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230059997/34.
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Hunninghausen, Carlos Guilherme. "Imagined space : representations of the future city in science fiction short stories by Forster, Ballard and Gibson /." Florianópolis, SC, 1997. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77337.
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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T03:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T21:36:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 138748.pdf: 2275306 bytes, checksum: e5f7d5c5f41c0eebd543367447334c35 (MD5)
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Zhou, Hao. "Representations of Cities in Republican-era Chinese Literature." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281335246.
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Holliday, Penelope Ann. "Alternative Brisbane masculinities : fictional representations within recent Brisbane narratives." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16754/.
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This thesis considers and critically analyses literary representations of what I have called “alternative masculinities” within a selection of texts by male writers from the turn of the millennium. The novels chosen for this analysis are Last Drinks by Andrew McGahan (2000), World of Chickens (2001) by Nick Earls and Sushi Central by Alasdair Duncan (2003). The work of R.W. Connell, Doreen Massey and Bruce Bennett will inform a framework blending theories of masculinities, spatiality theories and critical regionalism, providing the tools to conduct a reading of the spaces fictional representations of alternative masculinities engage with. Applying Connell’s hierarchy of masculinities (1995) I examine the emerging textual constructions of alternative masculinities that correspond with the changing cityscape of Brisbane. Within the above texts I argue there is a strong emphasis on the connections between identity and place. This is expressed through references to Brisbane’s social and historical identity and the gendered alignment of Brisbane spaces with particular masculinities.