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Fargion, Silvia. "Theories and practices in social work : practitioners' representations of contract work." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22202.
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This dissertation analyses the relationship between theory and practice in social work, focusing on practitioners' accounts of a particular methodology, contract work. It revisits scholarly debates in the social work discipline (ch. 1) and elaborates an alternative approach, based on Wittgenstein's notion of "language game" and its re-elaboration by the Edinburgh "strong programme" in the sociology of knowledge. This perspective (ch. 2) posits that the meaning of categories and concepts corresponds to the use that concrete actors make of them as a result of on-going negotiating processes in specific contexts. Therefore, meanings may vary dramatically across social groups moved by different interests and holding different cultures. Accordingly, we may reformulate the issue of theory and practice in terms of the connections between different language games. The main research question becomes, how does theoretical language relate to practitioners' broader frames, and how does it shape their making sense of their own experience. This broad analytical strategy is applied to a specific empirical case, representations of the concept of contract. Focusing on contract is appropriate as this concept has become common currency in practitioners' language, while at the same time establishing itself as a crucial concept in scholarly literature in the field (ch. 3). As such, it allows the analyst to identify different uses of the same term among social work practitioners as well as to contrast practitioners' representations to academic ones. The empirical material comes from accounts by twenty-two social workers based on services for family and children in Milan and Turin (ch. 4). Two in-depth interviews were conducted with each practitioner. One explored their images of contract as a concept. The other analysed "critical incidents", i.e., specific instances of applications of contract work. Data presentation follows the same logic. Two main general interpretations of the word "contract" are identified, which both refer to the same formal definition, yet stress very different elements of it. One sees contract as an instrument providing the work process with a clear structure, the other relates contract to the process through which an agreement is reached between practitioners and their clients (ch. 5). This distinction is found to correspond to two different concrete uses of the label. One focuses on contract as a tool to secure client's commitment to a clearly defined work plan (ch. 6), the other on contract as an on-going negotiation (ch. 7). Finally, the systematic analysis of differences in concepts and applications leads to the identification of two broader cultural landscapes. Rather than by available dichotomies in social work literature, their trails are best captured by Mannheim's classic distinction between "Romantic" and "Enlightenment" styles of thought (ch. 8).
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Ruberto, Laura Ernestina. "Producing culture : representations of Italian and Italian American women at work /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9936840.
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Gewolb, Sheila. "Older workers' talk : discursive representations of age, work and retirement identities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91746/.
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There is a growing trend for older people in the UK to keep working for longer. The percentage of 50-64 year-olds rose from 62% in 2001 to 69.4% in 2015; and for people over 65, from 5% to 10.5% in the same period (Office for National Statistics (ONS), 2015). There are now over 8.5 million people aged over 50 in paid employment (The Experts in Age and Employment (TAEN), 2012). In the context of this changing workforce demographic, it is important to examine how older people negotiate their age-related identities as older workers and represent their views on retirement. This study takes a Discourse Analytic (DA) approach to examining how older age-identity is negotiated in talk, gathered from seven focus groups conducted in workplaces and twelve semi-structured interviews with older workers and retirees. Discourse Analytic research on identity has often neglected to address age-identity construction. The use of DA methodologies in this investigation has enabled discursive strategies, such as distancing strategy, to be identified during participants’ older age-identity constructions; and Social Identity Theory (SIT) (Tajfel and Turner, 1979; Benwell and Stokoe, 2006), positioning theory (Harré and van Langenhove, 1999; Jones, 2006), and Membership Categorisation Analysis (Sacks, 1995; Housley and Fitzgerald, 2002) have provided frameworks for a discourse analytic approach. Older age-identities were negotiated whilst participants were orienting to being older in the workplace and retirement. Previous qualitative studies [into this topic] have focused on a content analysis of what was said, not how. There is a discursive element to age-identity construction that requires a social constructionist, context dependent approach to how age is negotiated through language. In this study, a DA approach has allowed for a micro-level examination which extends previous research by demonstrating how participants use language to negotiate their age-identities as older workers and retirees by drawing on different aspects of ageing, such as chronological, physical and social dimensions [of age] in a specific social context relating to being older at work. Findings indicate that many participants resisted negative perceptions of decrement and decline that may be associated with ageing and retirement when constructing their age-identities. This was achieved in several ways, for example, by discursively claiming membership of a younger age cohort, resisting the changes that accompany ageing, or by ‘out-grouping’ people who were perceived to display certain archetypal behaviours associated with older people. Findings also demonstrate that older people who were still at work articulated negative views about retirement; however, people who had already retired demonstrated a positive orientation towards this life stage. Keeping busy and active after leaving work was said by both older workers and retirees to play a vital part in defraying the possible decline that accompanies old age and may help to achieve successful retirement and ageing. This study has demonstrated how an ideology of positive ageing has been discursively constructed during older age-identity negotiations.
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King, Brendan. "Iconic representations of female sexuality in the work of J.-K. Huysmans." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416380.
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Cunha, José João Marques de Oliveria Vieira da. "Making the numbers : agency in computer-generated formal representations of sales work." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34682.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, February 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 270-276).
This research builds on the literature on information technology and organizations to suggest an alternative to the current understanding of the production of computer-generated formal representations of work. This literature sees computer-generated formal representations of work as automatic outcomes of information technology that managers use to scrutinize employees. My ethnography of a desk-based sales unit suggests that managers have incentives to forfeit surveillance and instead apply their efforts to use information technology to build a facade of compliance with prescribed goals and prescribed rules, roles, and procedures. I show that such a facade requires continuous maintenance work and that it is employees, not managers, that have to engage in this work. Specifically, I show that employees need to engage in unprescribed work to earn the right to use formal information systems to represent work that they have not actually carried out. I explain how employees improvise a shadow information system to coordinate their unprescribed work across time.
(cont.) I also show how employees enact a set of personal and impersonal tactics to enlist the cooperation of other parts of their organization in their unprescribed work I seek to shed light on the many hidden labors behind representations of compliance and place agency again in the center stage of the process of producing computer-generated formal representations of work. In doing so, I aim to contribute to the understanding of visibility of action in social theory by showing that it is possible to manage how visible one's action is, even when that action unfolds in a front stage.
by José João Marques de Oliveria Vieira da Cunha.
Ph.D.
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Zakreski, Patricia. "Refining work : representations of female artistic labour in Victorian literature, 1848-1888." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14756/.
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This thesis explores representations of women working in artistic professions in Britain in the second half of the nineteenth century. Applying an interdisciplinary method that draws on fiction, prose, painting and the periodical press from the years 1848-1888, this thesis aims to expand our understanding of women's relationships to paid work in the Victorian period. Paid work, I argue, was not always represented as a degrading activity for women. Throughout the thesis, I trace the process through which the concept of work for middle-class women was made increasingly acceptable through an association with artistry. One of my central purposes is to show how the supposedly degrading activity of paid work could be transformed into refining experience for women. Looking specifically at sewing, art, writing and acting, I demonstrate how these professions came to be represented as suitable remunerative work for middle-class women. In chapters one and two, I examine the way in which the reputations of the typically working-class occupations of needlework and industrial design were 'rescued' from their associations with commercial degradation and vulnerability in order to expand the middle-class woman's employment opportunities. Chapters three and four demonstrate that even the very public and self-promoting professions of authorship and acting could be represented as domestic in character. Each of these chapters considers the relationship between domesticity, creativity, remuneration and refinement in fictional representations of working women and shows how they produced images of work defined by female forms of experience. Such representations, I argue, helped to raise the profile of women's work so that, by the end of the century, the working women who had been pitied and patronised as victims of degrading circumstances came to be seen as a legitimate, respected and self-respecting group.
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Ross, Kathleen M. "Fifth Graders' Representations and Reasoning on Constant Growth Function Problems: Connections between Problem Representations, Student Work and Ability to Generalize." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203483.
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Student difficulties learning algebra are well documented. Many mathematics education researchers (e.g., Bednarz&Janvier, 1996; Davis, 1985, 1989; Vergnaud, 1988) argued that the difficulties students encounter in algebra arose when students were expected to shift suddenly from arithmetic to algebraic reasoning and that the solution to the problem was to integrate opportunities for elementary school students to simultaneously develop both arithmetic and algebraic reasoning. The process of generalization, or describing the overall pattern underlying a set of mathematical data, emerged as a focal point for extending beyond arithmetic reasoning to algebraic reasoning (Kaput, 1998; Mason, 1996). Given the critical importance for students to have opportunities to develop understanding of the fundamental algebraic concepts of variable and relationship, one could argue that providing opportunities to explore linear functions, the first function studied in depth in a formal algebra course, should be a priority for elementary students in grades 4-5. This study informs this debate by providing data about connections between different representations of constant growth functions and student algebraic reasoning in a context open to individual construction of representations and reasoning approaches. Participants included 9 fifth graders from the same elementary class. Data shows that students can generate representations which are effective reasoning tools for finding particular cases of the function and generalizing the function but that this depends on features of the problem representation, most importantly the representation of the additive constant. I identified four categories of algebraic reasoning on the task to find the tenth term and found that only students who used reasoning approaches with the additive constant separate and functional reasoning to find the variable component were able to generalize the function. These instances occurred on a story problem and two geometric pattern problems. None of the students used such a reasoning approach or were able to generalize on the numeric sequence problem which did not represent the additive constant separately. Implications for future research and for teaching for conceptual understanding of variable and relationship are discussed.
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Boardman, Kay. "Representations of femininity, domesticity, sexuality, work and independence in mid-Victorian women's magazines." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21301.
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This study explores representations of femininity, domesticity, sexuality, work and independence in mid-Victorian women's periodicals. Through close readings of a whole range of publications produced for and by women between 1845 and 1880 the study aims to explore the relationship between text and culture, and to consider the relevance of class as an important determinant of social knowledge and value. Starting from a discussion of methodological and theoretical concerns the study moves on to look at representations of the sign woman in popular, fashion, drawingroom and evangelical magazines. A final chapter explores the way in which a woman-centred discourse is developed in feminist journals and considers the significance of class as a marker of respectability. The wider concern of the study is with debates about the relationship between gender and class, the women's magazine as a popular signifying practice, and the highly mediated relationship between text and culture.
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Lee, Joanne Sarah. "Representations of travel and displacement in the work of contemporary Italian women writers." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/68a98ea2-4b57-47a9-8206-18420a29b199.
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Essert, Emily Margaret. "A modernist menagerie: representations of animals in the work of five North American Poets." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114133.
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This dissertation considers the representation of animals in Canadian and American modernist poetry. In investigating the relationship between the proliferation of animal tropes and imagery and experimental poetics, it argues that modernism is fundamentally concerned with reconsidering human nature and humanity's place in the modern world. By employing a blend of socio-historical and formalist approaches, while also incorporating theoretical approaches from animal studies, this project shows that the modernist moment is importantly post-Darwinian, and that the species boundary was an important site of ideological struggle. This project also makes an intervention into the New Modernist Studies by proposing "North American Modernism" as a coherent area of inquiry; too few studies consider American and Canadian writers together, but doing so enables a richer understanding of modernism as a complex, global movement. Chapter one argues that animal tropes and imagery form part of a strategy through which Marianne Moore and H.D. challenge prevailing conceptions of femininity. Building upon theoretical work that considers sexism and speciesism as interlocking oppressions, it offers a sharper picture of their conceptions of gender and their feminist intentions. Chapter two considers impersonality and animality in the work of T.S. Eliot and P.K. Page. Like the concept of impersonality, Eliot's influence on Page is often taken for granted in the critical literature; it argues that impersonality (in Eliot's formulation) relies upon embodied personal experience, and on that basis offers an account of Eliot's anxieties about embodiment and Page's lapsus. Finally, chapter three investigates Marianne Moore's and Irving Layton's representation of animals to communicate indirectly their responses to global crises. Both poets felt a strong compulsion to comment on social and moral issues, but found it difficult to do so directly; images and tropes of animals enabled Moore to produce modernist allegories, and assisted Layton in depicting human ferity.Cette thèse examine la représentation des animaux dans la poésie moderniste du Canada et des États-Unis. En étudiant la relation entre la prolifération des tropes et d'imagerie animale et la poésie expérimentale, je soutiens que le modernisme est fondamentalement préoccupé par la reconsidération de la nature de l'être humain et sa place dans le monde moderne. En utilisant un mariage d'approches socio-historiques et formaliste, tout en incorporant des avances théoriques provenant d'études animales, je démontre que le moment moderniste est post-darwinien de façon significative, et que la frontière des espèces était un champ de bataille important de la lutte idéologique. Mon projet fait également une intervention parmi les nouvelles études du modernisme en proposant le «modernisme nord-américain» comme un espace cohérent; trop peu d'études considèrent les écrivains américains et canadiens dans un ensemble, mais cela permet une compréhension plus riche du modernisme comme étant un mouvement complexe et mondial. Je soutiens que les tropes et l'imagerie animale font partie d'une stratégie à travers laquelle Marianne Moore et H.D. contestent les conceptions dominantes de la féminité. En m'appuyant sur les travaux théoriques qui considèrent le sexisme et l'espècisme comme oppressions entremêlées, j'offre une image plus nette de leurs conceptions du genre et de leurs intentions féministes. Ensuite, je considère l'impersonnalité et l'animalité dans les travaux de T.S. Eliot et P.K. Page. Comme le concept de l'impersonnalité, l'influence d'Eliot sur Page est souvent prise pour acquis dans la critique littéraire; je soutiens donc que l'impersonnalité (dans la formulation d'Eliot) s'appuie sur l'expérience personnelle incarnée, et sur cette base, je mets en évidence les inquiétudes d'Eliot et les lapsus de Page. Enfin, j'examine la représentation des animaux chez Marianne Moore et Irving Layton qui communiquent indirectement leurs répliques aux crises mondiales. Les deux poètes ont ressenti une forte compulsion pour commenter les questions sociales et morales, mais ont trouvé difficile de le faire directement; les tropes et les imageries de l'espèce animale ont permis à Moore de produire des allégories modernistes, et ont soutenues Layton pour dépeindre l'animalerie humaine.
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Clark, Julia Rosa. "Classroom facilities : a body of creative work exploring representations of knowledge through schematic means." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8006.
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Bibliography: leaves 78-83.I had just turned thirteen and it was the summer before high school started. My mother and I went over to the Roberts' house. Ruby had just matriculated from the same school and was handing down her faded old checked uniforms. To my amazement, there in the lounge bathed in afternoon January sunlight, was her father Billy, kneeling, deeply absorbed in a large strange chart that had been laid out on the floor. It was a school timetable and it was his task, as vice principle, to organise the day-to-day workings of the year ahead. The timetable was scattered with various coloured shapes that he shuffled back and forth across the gridded surface, trying to make a coherent system. This anecdote is important to my body of work for three reasons. The first is that Mr. Roberts' challenging activity that day is not unlike the process of sorting and reordering that is central to my work. The appearance of the chart is mimicked in the schemata-like quality of many of my pieces, as is its conceptual framework - an urge to order a set of already existing pieces into a new, meaningful and functional relationship. Ruby's uniforms are also important. I cherished these second-hand dresses precisely because of the qualities they acquired through having been worn already. These dresses were softer to touch, had a better fit and more beauty in colour --soft pink checks as opposed to harsh maroon-- than other girls' crisp new sacks.
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Westerlund, Markus, Maria Normark, and Lars Erik Holmquist. "Express Location : Supporting Coordination of Mobile Delivery Work." Södertörns högskola, Medieteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-12099.
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This paper introduces Express Location, a mobile web application, supporting drivers in delivery service in the daily coordination of work. Remote communication and cooperation takes place on a shared map view around the drivers’ locations and next stop, through a drawing/doodling tool and multiple visual object representations. The aim is to understand the working situation and the use of locations in the daily work to better support the coordination of mobile delivery work.© (2011) ACM. This is the author’s version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in CSCW '11 Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1958824.1958956
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Leotti, Sandra Marie. "Interrogating the Construction and Representations of Criminalized Women in the Academic Social Work Literature: A Critical Discourse Analysis." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5117.
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In the United States today, there are 2.3 million people behind bars in jails and prisons. Mass incarceration has swept up the United States to such a degree that we are known globally for holding more people in correctional facilities than any other country in the world. Although women have always, and still do, reflect a smaller proportion of the correctional population, over the last 40 years, their rates of criminalization and imprisonment have far outpaced that of men's. Drastic increases in the criminalization of women are intimately connected to the entrenchment of social disadvantage enabled under neoliberal globalization. Neoliberal transformations in the economy have contributed to women's poverty across the globe and have brought an increasing number of women into contact with the criminal justice system. The rising incarceration rate of women, and the disproportionate rate of women of color in U.S. prisons is a timely and urgent issue and one that social work is poised to address. Indeed, some of our most prominent national organizations recognize mass incarceration as an urgent issue that merits the attention of social workers. As such, it is prudent to examine social work's engagement with this issue.
This study employed a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of social work scholarship in order to: 1) explore current constructions of criminalized women in social work; 2) understand the knowledge produced through such constructions; and 3) explore how that knowledge supports/shapes practice with criminalized women. Specifically, this study draws on Jäger and Maier's (2009) framework for performing a Foucauldian-inspired CDA. This approach centers Foucault's conceptualizations of discourse and the workings of power and builds on the work of Jurgen Link (1982) to examine the function of discourse in legitimizing and securing dominance.
Data include a sample of 49 articles published in social work high impact journals from 2000-2018. A keyword search was performed to locate articles with an explicit focus on incarcerated/criminalized women. Only articles dealing with a U.S. context were included. Analysis occurred on two levels consisting of a structural analysis to identify initial coding schema and a detailed analysis of select articles. Detailed analysis attended to: context of text; surface of text; rhetorical means; content and ideological statements. These two levels of analysis lead to an overall synoptic analysis, or final assessment of the overall discourse. Multi-racial feminism, discourse theory, and Foucault's concept of governmentality anchored the research and provided the theoretical framework for analysis.
The overarching finding is that social work high impact journals privilege a psychological discourse and that the assessment and management of risk has supplanted a holistic approach to meeting client needs and addressing mass incarceration. This, I conclude, reflects a neoliberal political climate and aligns social work with penal institutions in troubling ways. Criminalized women are overwhelmingly constructed as risky in the sample. Embedded in this construction is a strong neoliberal discourse on knowing and changing the "responsibilized" self. The implied knowledge claims that flow from these constructions rely on the use of "objective" and often depoliticized explanations for crime and criminal justice involvement. I show how this depoliticization is accomplished through a variety of neutralizing strategies, which ultimately serve to depoliticize social work itself. I highlight how, by primarily constituting criminalized women as risky, social work necessarily responds to her with individualized service delivery aimed at regulating and changing the behavior of individuals. I argue that in its reliance on practices of risk management and a preference toward micro-level service delivery, social work deploys regulatory practices that further neoliberal governance (Parton, 1998; Webb, 2003).
Further, I discovered a profound ethical dissonance between social work's engagement with criminalized women and social work values. Specifically, I found that social work discourse passively accepts the logic of punishment and supports dominant ideology surrounding gender and crime while concurrently attempting to redress the consequences of such constructions through social justice values. I conceptualize this as a discursive struggle over the meaning and purpose of social work; a struggle that embodies some of the most salient historical and contemporary tensions in our field related to our professional identity and an increasing drive toward professionalization (Reisch, 2013).
I argue that social work's growing dedication to practices that seek to adjust the psychological fortitude of criminalized women relies on broader cultural discourses of responsibilization, which reproduce, rather than interrupt criminalization, and divert attention away from the need for social and economic change. My analysis exposes how social work is implicated in processes of criminalization and propels a shift in emphasis from individualized service delivery, aimed at changing the behavior of individuals, to launching interventions that tackle structural injustice and inequity. Understanding the subtle and productive work of power to undermine our "good intentions" and aspirations for social justice requires us to rethink explanations for crime and our understandings regarding the purpose and necessity of the criminal justice system.
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Pettitt, Clare. "Representations of creativity, progress, and social change in the work of Gaskell, Eliot and Dickens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285606.
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AZEVEDO, MARCELLA SILVA. "FALA SÉRIO, TEENAGER!: A STUDY ON CONSUMPTION, CELEBRITIES, AND SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS ACCORDING TO THALITA REBOUÇAS WORK." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29581@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Frente à fala comum e disseminada de que os jovens não gostam de ler e, mais ainda, de que os livros impressos, enquanto suporte, estariam fadados ao desaparecimento diante da grande novidade dos e-books, este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o relevante crescimento da literatura juvenil no país por meio de uma análise que privilegia sobretudo a chave do consumo e das forças simbólicas que atuam nas relações entre os leitores adolescentes e seus livros e escritores preferidos. São abordados temas como a adolescência, o consumo de experiência, a cultura de massa e as celebridades contemporâneas. De maneira mais particular, realiza-se um estudo de caso da escritora Thalita Rebouças, considerada como fenômeno cultural e de consumo junto a este público. Tomando as representações sociais como importante ferramenta de investigação, parte-se de uma análise dessas representações dos adolescentes na obra da escritora Thalita Rebouças, estabelecendo uma correlação entre os principais personagens e algumas das características intrínsecas à fase de vida dos jovens leitores. Tem-se ainda uma comparação entre tais representações e os valores e atributos associados ao construto midiático da própria autora.
Unlike the two widespread ideas that teenagers do not enjoy reading and that print books are doomed as a result of the excitement over e-books, this thesis is geared towards understanding the recent significant increase in Brazilian juvenile literature sales. In order to do so, key-elements concerning consumption and the symbolic forces binding together the youngsters, the books they read, and their favorite authors are particularly analyzed. Topics such as adolescence, experiential consumption, mass culture, and contemporary celebrities are also addressed. Specifically, this thesis focuses on the work of juvenile fiction author Thalita Rebouças, considered a cultural and sales phenomenon in the segment. Having established social representations as an important research tool, this study analyses the representation of teenagers in Rebouças books, making the connection between its main characters and the characteristics inherent to this specific moment in the young readers lives. Likewise, a comparison is made between such representations and the values and attributes associated to the author s own media persona.
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Littleford, Lara. "Queering boundaries: visual Activism and representations of sexuality in the work of contemporary South African artists." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/17816.
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Zanele Muholi, a photographer and visual activist, and Sabelo Mlangeni, a photographer, explore the different ways of representing gender, particularly transgenderism, and sexuality, particularly homosexuality, in their photography. Muholi and Mlangeni document the daily lives and lived realities of people who are black and gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) in South Africa. African sexuality remains a contested subject that is difficult to discuss in light of the controversies it provokes due to colonial attitudes toward African bodies. In this instance, colonial attitudes toward African sexuality have exoticised African bodies. Moreover, hyper-sexuality is ascribed to bodies that are black and male, whilst fetishising and objectifying black female bodies. Furthermore, representations of homoeroticism in Africa transgress and challenge dominant ideologies of sexuality and gender in an African context. In this sense, Muholi and Mlangeni directly address tension and resistance between individual and community. Such tensions are found within and between categories of African-ness, whereby homosexuality and transgenderism are regarded as being ‘un-African’ and an import from the West. For example, Muholi represents the existence of homosexuality and transgenderism in her photography in order to subvert the notion that homosexuality is ‘un-African’, attempting to complicate the conceptions of identity, gender and sexuality in South Africa. Muholi’s photography is used as a vehicle for her ‘visual activism’, which purports to create socio-political awareness surrounding homophobia, transgenderism, and epistemic injustice in South Africa. The visual imagery of these two artists investigates the boundaries that are set by various social, political and cultural constructs. These boundaries inform existing social, political and cultural attitudes toward homosexuality and transgenderism, and these homophobic and transphobic attitudes result in crimes committed against homosexual and transgender individuals, such as hate crimes, which includes ‘curative/corrective’ rape, the prevalence of which is rising at an alarming rate. Muholi’s photography and visual activism seek to create visibility in order to raise public awareness of hate crimes, victimisation, alienation and stigmatisation that homosexual and transgender South Africans, specifically those individuals living in township areas, face on a daily basis. These two artists represent sexuality as a site of contestation and, as such, heteronormative traditions, hegemonic social structures, and cultural conventions are transgressed and contested in their photography.
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Salie, Shazia. "The representations of Sojourner Truth in The Narrative of Sojourner Truth." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7311.
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Magister Artium - MAI read representations of Sojourner Truth in her Spiritual Narrative, The Narrative of Sojourner Truth with a focus on the portrayal of her unconventional character, through a close analysis of language, structure, photographs and narrative voice. Truth’s editor Olive Gilbert’s raises questions about whether the daguerreotype offers a more accurate form of representation than text. I explore the similarities and differences between visual and written portraits in representations of Truth as a unique figure. I question critical readings of Sojourner Truth’s dress in photographs as conservative, reading instead for a combination of conservative and subversive elements. I suggest that her interest in aesthetic forms such as dress and décor is symbolic of her yearning for home, her heritage, her agency, and unique taste. Her many references to her family indicate that she was more than just an empowered figure, but also one who still grieved. I read Truth’s description of domestic space as representing ambivalently, both her sense of loss, and her attempts to acquire agency. I consider how Truth attempts to recreate a sense of family and belonging through fragments of memory. In my reading of how she questions and extends conventional notions of family and community, I explore how she adapts and includes song, and quotations from the Bible in her sermons, by drawing on elements of African folktale and music. Most critics focus on Truth’s strong voice as an activist, there is little attention to the significance of spiritual solitude for her reimagining of community. I suggest that Truth offers alternative ideas of community as fluid rather than as fixed in one place. I explore how her ideas challenge the notion of nation as exclusive. I consider the genre of The Narrative by analyzing Olive Gilbert’s role as editor and writer. I propose that her role in The Narrative is a more complex one than suggested by critics, as it challenges conventional concepts of autobiography creating a conversation between two voices and lives.
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Makhubu, Nomusa. "The "other" Africans : re-examining representations of sexuality in the work of Nicholas Hlobo and Zanele Muholi." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1713/.
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Németh, Andrea. "Mothers and daughters, representations on the adoption triad in contemporary popular and literary fiction : theory and original work." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0035/MQ27368.pdf.
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Draper, Amanda Elizabeth. "'But men must work and women must weep' : representations of gender, mourning and bereavement in Victorian visual culture." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338726.
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Zou, Xueli. "The use of multiple representations and visualizations in student learning of introductory physics : an example from work and energy /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488203158826859.
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Tenreiro, Maria Manuela. "Military encounters in the 18th century : racial representations in the work of Carlos Juliao and colonial discourse in the Portuguese Empire." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498484.
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O'Dwyer, Kathryn A. "‘Posed with the Greatest Care’: Photographic Representations of Black Women Employed by the Work Progress Administration in New Orleans, 1936-1941." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2630.
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For decades, scholars have debated the significance of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), emphasizing its political, economic, and artistic impact. This historiography is dominated by the accomplishments of white men. In an effort to highlight the long-neglected legions of black women who contributed to WPA projects and navigated the agency’s discriminatory practices, this paper will examine WPA operations in New Orleans where unemployment was the highest in the urban south, black women completed numerous large-scale projects, and white supremacist notions guided relief protocol. By analyzing the New Orleans WPA Photography collection, along with newspapers, government documents, and oral histories, a new perspective of the WPA emerges to illuminate the experiences of marginalized black women workers, illustrate how the legacies of slavery and effects of segregation impact black women’s employment opportunities, and highlight how black women made substantive contributions to public projects in the face of societal constraints.
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Stafford, Francesca. "My pictures are all moments of my life : representations of time and space in the work of Gabriele Munter and Else Lasker-Schuler." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288955.
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McCracken, Jill Linnette. "Listening to the Language of Sex Workers: An Analysis of Street Sex Worker Representations and Their Effects on Sex Workers and Society." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194013.
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This dissertation argues that the material conditions of many street sex workers--the physical environments they live in and their effects on the workers' bodies, identities, and spirits--are represented, reproduced, and entrenched in the language surrounding their work. My research is an ethnographic case study of a local system that can be extrapolated to other subcultures and the construction of identities, while situating sex work and the industry as rhetorical constructions. My research offers an example of how an examination of the signs and symbols that comprise "material conditions" can be rhetorically analyzed in order to better understand how goals, agendas, interests, and ideologies are represented and implemented through language.Located central to my analysis are the street sex workers' voices. I use an ideological rhetorical analysis, or rhetorically--the study of how language shapes and is shaped by cultures, institutions, and the individuals within them, and ideologically--the identification and examination of the underlying assumptions of communicative interactions. I delineate how these material conditions are reproduced and, at times, subverted, and I offer an outline for modifying the discourse used in policy in ways that are more empowering and authentic to sex workers' lives.Policy makers, activists, and academics, among others, wrestle with complicated issues to analyze and write laws and policies and to design social services. Discourse is always at the center of these struggles. Because my study investigates the language of policy-making and the people who forge it, it has implications for ethics and policy in relation to gender studies, cultural studies, and ethnographic research.Examining the rhetorical constructions and interactions and their related effects on policy elucidates the discursive complexity that exists in meaning-making systems. This analysis also offers an explanation of how constructions can be made differently in order to achieve representations that are generated by the marginalized populations themselves, while placing responsibility for this marginalization on the society in which these people live.
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Kourtoglou, Zoi. "THE BIOPOLITICS OF DOMESTIC WORK AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FEMALE 'OTHER' : REIMAGINING SPACES, LABOR, AND REPRESENTATIONS OF LIVE-IN DOMESTIC WORKERS IN FILM." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filmvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149493.
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Representations of female characters in cinema have the effect of othering the female in front of the viewer’s gaze. Women’s characters are constructed along the lines of their gender and race difference. In this paper I focus entirely on the character of the woman domestic worker in four films: Ilo Ilo, The Second Mother, The Maid, and At Home. The paper aims to provide a different reading of this mostly trivialized character and rethink its otherness by pinpointing it in biopolitical labor and homes of biopower, namely of affect and oppression. I am interested in how labor can reconfigure the domestic space to a heterotopia, or what I call a ‘heterooikos’, which is the space occupied by the other. Finally, I will attempt an analysis that reimagines otherness captured by cinema, by locating, in the film text, techniques of resistance as a countersuggestion to techniques of character identification. My aim is to provide a different way to interact with subaltern subjects in film by recognizing otherness as part of an ethical response.
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Rosell, Angelica, and Amanda Gunnarsson. "Hemlöshet - en definitionsfråga?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86628.
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The aim of this paper was to elucidate representations of how homelessness and interventions against homelessness is perceived in a Swedish municipality from socialconstructivistic perspective. The questions it aimed to answer were: How is homelessness represented in the municipality by participants of the local housing market and public and non-profit sectors? How can representations of homelessness from the participants be deconstructed and understood? Homelessness has been considered a social problem since the middle of the 18th century. The ways to explain why homelessness exists and how to rectify and define homelessness has been in continuously transformation in different extensions since then. Even so, some of these explanations, definitions and actions has returned or possess similarities across time. The used method of this paper was case study in order to concentrate on the municipality specifically. The analyzed material consisted of qualitative, semistructured interviews with seven participants. Public documents were also reviewed from the social service center in the municipality and reports from the county administrative board to understand the representations in its context. The participants that attended on interviews was one participant from a non-profit- organisation, one from the local housing market and five municipalityworkers. We found that some of the participants had both similarities and discrepancies in their representations but all of the participants had tendency to construct additional categories to deal with homeless persons divergent needs.
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Maillette, Pascale. "Les représentations de l’incapacité au travail de travailleurs ayant subi une arthroplastie du genou." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8143.
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Résumé : Problématique: Près de 40% des 57 718 Canadiens ayant subi une arthroplastie du genou entre 2013 et 2014 étaient des travailleurs; la majorité étant âgée entre 55 à 64 ans. Des indices démographiques et législatifs laissent entrevoir que ce nombre continuera d’augmenter dans les prochaines années. Environ 15 à 30% de ces patients éprouvent des difficultés à reprendre ou à demeurer au travail six mois après la chirurgie. Malgré l’ampleur du phénomène, la perspective des travailleurs quant à ces difficultés demeure inconnue. Objectifs : Ce projet vise à mieux comprendre, selon la perspective du travailleur, les mécanismes sous-jacents à reprendre, ou non, une vie saine et active au travail à la suite d’une arthroplastie du genou. Plus précisément, il s’agit de décrire les représentations de l’incapacité au travail de ces travailleurs. Méthode : Ce projet qualitatif est basé sur une approche narrative avec comme cadre conceptuel le modèle d’autorégulation de Leventhal. Un échantillon de convenance de huit travailleurs ayant eu une arthroplastie du genou et éprouvant des difficultés à reprendre ou à demeurer au travail a été recruté. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées ont été conduites. La méthode de Landry a été suivie pour le codage. D’abord, le cadre conceptuel a permis l’élaboration du cahier de codification tout en laissant la place à des codes émergents. Une analyse thématique des verbatim a ensuite été réalisée à l’aide du logiciel AtlasTi par deux codeurs indépendants (PM et MFC) qui ont discuté des codes divergents. Une fois toutes les entrevues codées, des réunions en équipe multidisciplinaire (kinésiologue, psychologue et physiothérapeute) ont eu lieu pour discuter de chaque cas et profiter de l’expertise de chacun des membres de l’équipe pour une analyse en profondeur. Résultats : La moitié des travailleurs rencontrée était absente du travail au moment de l’entrevue. L’émergence de cinq thèmes principaux a permis d’identifier deux cas types, soient retournés au travail avec difficultés, mais présence de soutien, et non retournés. Les travailleurs de la première trajectoire rapportent une implication de l’entreprise dans les démarches de retour au travail et ont les conditions nécessaires pour prendre des moyens actifs afin d’améliorer leur condition. Pour les travailleurs de la deuxième trajectoire, différents obstacles nuisent à la reprise des activités dont des complications postopératoires, une perception d’exigences de travail élevées, un faible soutien de l’environnement de travail et peu de ressources pour les aider. Conclusion : L’identification d’une trajectoire qui est moins favorable au retour au travail permet d’identifier les travailleurs à risque d’être en situation d’incapacité au travail. Ces travailleurs pourraient bénéficier de services en réadaptation au travail pour favoriser la reprise d’une vie saine et active après l’arthroplastie du genou.Abstract : Purpose: Nearly 40% of the 57,718 Canadians who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between 2013 and 2014 were workers; the majority of them were aged from 55 to 64 years. Demographic and legislative indications suggest that this number will increase in the coming years. Actually, 15 to 30% of these patients report limitations at work or are not able to return to work six months after the surgery. Despite this growing phenomenon, workers’ insight on what influence work disability remains unknown. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the worker’s perspective on what contributes or impedes the return to an active working life after TKA. Specifically, we aimed to document workers’ representations of their disability following TKA. Method: This qualitative study was conducted based on a narrative approach using Leventhal’s Common Sense Model (CSM) as the conceptual framework. A convenience sample of eight workers experiencing limitations while at work or being fully disabled (on sick leave) after TKA was interviewed. We conducted semistructured interviews, and then we followed Landry’s method for coding. First, we used a mixed coding method whereby codes were established a priori using the CSM with the possibility for emergent codes. Second, two researchers (PM and MFC) independently coded all interviews, compared the codes, and discussed diverging results. Third, after coding all interviews and based on the coding, content analysis was performed in multidisciplinary team (psychologist, physiotherapist, kinesiologist). Each interview was discussed by the team to compare the analysis and to obtain consensus as we believe our disciplinary backgrounds might impact interpretation of the data by bringing new information to the case. Content analysis was performed with Atlas-Ti software. Results: Half of the workers were fully disabled because of TKA. We identified two typical cases: workers who returned to work with difficulties but perceived support from their environment and workers who did not returned to work. The workers that returned to work reported involvement of their work environment in the return-to-work process. They felt they had greater improvement after TKA, and this enables them to further improve their condition. Workers who did not return to work encountered various obstacles such as ostoperative complications, a more physically-demanding job, negligible support from their work environment, and few resources to help them. Conclusion: The identification of a case that is less favorable to return to work allowed us to identify workers at risk of work disability. These workers could benefit from work rehabilitation services in order to promote a better active working life after TKA.
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Niclasson, Emma, and Sofia Sandén. "Elevers olika strategier vid problemlösning i matematik : En kvalitativ studie i årskurs 3." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-653.
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Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vilka strategier elever väljer när de ska lösa
ett matematiskt problem. Vi genomförde en observation och nio individuella
intervjuer med elever i årskurs 3. De fick lösa ett matematiskt problem som
observerades. Utifrån elevernas lösningar genomförde vi sedan intervjuer för att
ta reda på vilka strategier de valt att använda för att lösa problemet. Resultatet av
elevernas lösningar visade på flera olika lösningsstrategier. Dessa delades in i
yttre och inre representationer. Strategier som bilder, grafiska framställningar och
matematiska symboler (siffror) hör till de yttre representationerna, då de består av
konkreta bilder som eleverna måste se framför sig på papper när de löser
matematiska problem. Huvudräkning, automatiserad kunskap och ”tänkande” är
samtliga strategier som tillhör de inre representationsformerna. Med inre
representationer menar vi det som sker i huvudet, det eleverna inte behöver se
framför sig för att kunna lösa problemet. Vi fann att elevlösningarna innehöll
kombinationer av flera olika strategier. Vilken eller vilka strategier eleven än
väljer till sin problemlösning är det oundvikligt att använda sig av någon form av
inre representationsform, för att tänka måste alla göra oberoende av vilken
lösningsstrategi som väljs och hur duktiga problemlösare eleverna än är. När
eleverna är unga kan det vara svårt och ovant för dem att skriftligt redovisa hur
lösningsprocessen gått till. Därför måste vi lärare ha tid att sätta oss in i hur
eleven tänker för att kunna bygga vidare undervisningen utifrån den enskilde
individens behov.
The purpose of the study was to discern which strategies pupils employ when they solve
a mathematical problem. We carried through one observation and nine individual
interviews with pupils in school year 3. They were asked to solve a mathematical
problem, which was observed. On the basis of the pupils’ solutions, we carried out
interviews in order to determine which strategies they chose to employ. The outcome of
the pupils’ solutions showed several problem solving strategies. These were divided
into external and internal representations. Strategies such as pictures, graphs and
mathematical symbols (numerals) are external representations, as they consist of
concrete pictures that the pupils must see in front of them on a paper when solving
mathematical problems. Mental arithmetic, automated knowledge and “thinking” are all
strategies that belong to internal modes of representation. With internal representations,
we mean what happens inside our heads – what pupils need not see in front of them in
order to solve a problem. We found that the pupils’ solutions contained combinations of
several different strategies. Irrespective of which strategy or strategies the pupil choose
in his or her problem solving, it is inevitable to use some variety of internal
representations; everyone has to think, regardless of the strategy chosen and the
problem solving skills of the pupil. When pupils are young, it may be difficult for them
to present the flow of their problem solving processes in writing. Consequently, as
teachers we must have time to familiarize ourselves with how the pupil thinks in order
to develop our teaching on the basis of the needs of the individual pupil.
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Stalmach, Adele Carleton University Dissertation Art History. ""Native women and work; changing representations in photographs from the collections of the National Film Board and of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development."." Ottawa, 1995.
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Berglund, Camilla, and Eva Karlsson. "”Det feta barnet” : en diskursanalys av dagspressens framställning av barn som bedöms som överviktiga eller feta." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6695.
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The aim of this undergraduate thesis was to examine the media’s portrayal of overweight and obese children and their surroundings, using the first and third dimensions of Fairclough’s three dimensional model for critical discourse analysis. The study addressed the following questions: How does the press, in this study represented by two newspapers, portray overweight and obese children? What discourses regarding overweight and obesity among children are the most prominent in these two newspapers? What risks and negative influences in the child’s surroundings are identified, and how are they described? What social representations can the images of overweight and obese children originate from? The analyzed material consisted of 62 articles from Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, which were analyzed using the earlier mentioned method for discourse analysis, as well as the theory of social representations. The results showed that “the fat child” and its environment were portrayed exclusively in negative terms, and a discourse linking obesity and ill-health dominated a large part of the material. A number of risks, for example food risks and lifestyle risks said to play a part in the child’s ill-health were identified. Three social representations were identified throughout the material and said to contribute to, as well as result from, the images of “the fat child”.
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Magor, Deborah A. "Working women in the news : a study of news media representations of women in the workforce." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/102.
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This study examines how working women are represented in the news media, and its main aim is to determine to what extent ‘social class’ figures in the representations of women in news content. Using language, visual and narrative analysis, the thesis comprises four case studies each focusing on portrayals of different women from different socio-economic backgrounds determined by their occupation. The first two case studies examine portrayals of low paid working women through coverage of the National Minimum Wage introduction into Britain in April 1999 and the Council Workers’ Strike in England and Wales in 2002. The latter two case studies focus on women in particular professions: elite businesswomen, military women and women war reporters. The study concludes by noting that multiple voices occur in news texts around the key contrasting themes of progress/stagnation and visibility/invisibility and which can give contradictory discourses on the intersection of gender and class. From the massification and silencing of working class women, to the celebrity and sexualisation of the business elite, and the professional competency news frames of middle class women, class was shown to be a determining factor in how women figure in news content. However, these class determinants combined with other news frames pertaining to gender, whereby powerful and established myths of femininity can come to the fore. These myths can be particularly powerful when women enter non-feminine work ‘spaces’ such as business and the military, and class, particularly in the latter case, can tend to slip out of view, as sexist coverage is commonplace and debates are formed about the right and wrong behaviour for women.
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Carberry, Helen. "Semiotic analysis of clinical chemistry: for " knowledge work " in the medical sciences." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15809/.
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Abstract In this thesis a socio-cultural perspective of medical science education is adopted to argue the position that undergraduate medical scientists must be enculturated into the profession as knowledge workers and symbolic analysts who can interact with computers in complex analytical procedures, quality assurance and quality management. The cue for this position is taken from the transformations taking place in the pathology industry due to advances in automation, robotics and informatics. The rise of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine (EBLM) is also noted and the observation by higher education researchers, that knowledge systems are transforming in such a way that disciplines can no longer act in isolation. They must now collaborate with disparate fields in transdisciplinary knowledge systems such as EBLM, for which new skills must be cultivated in undergraduate medical scientists. This thesis aims to describe a theoretical basis for knowledge work by taking a semiotic perspective. This is because, semiotics, a theory of signs and representations, can be applied to the structure of transdisciplinary scientific knowledge, the logic of scientific practice and the rhetoric of scientific communications. For this purpose, a semiotic framework is first derived from a wide range of semiotic theories existent in the literature. Then the application of this semiotic framework to clinical chemistry knowledge, context, logic, and rhetoric is demonstrated. This is achieved by interpreting various clinical chemistry data sources, for example, course materials, laboratory spatial arrangements, instruments, printouts, and students' practical reports, collected from a teaching laboratory situation. The results of semiotic analysis indicate that the clinical chemist working in the computerised laboratory environment performs knowledge work, and the term is synonymous with symbolic analysis. It is shown that knowledge work entails the application of a systematic structure for clinical chemistry knowledge derived in terms of the validation procedures applied to laboratory, data, results and tests; the application of logic in the classification and selection of instruments, their rulegoverned- use, and in troubleshooting errors; pragmatic decisions based on availability of space, services and budgets; discrimination among values in laboratory test evaluations in EBLM, for the cost-effectiveness and relevance of pathology services; and the recognition of rhetorical strategies used to communicate laboratory test information in graphs, charts, and statistics. The role of the laboratory context is also explained through semiotics, in terms of its spatial arrangements and designs of laboratory instruments, as a place that constrains the knowledge work experience. This contextual analysis provides insights into the oppositional trend brought to wide attention by analysts of computerised professional work, that more skills are needed, but that there are fewer highly skilled positions available. The curriculum implications of these findings are considered in terms of the need to cultivate knowledge workers for highly complex symbolic analysis in computerised laboratories; and also the need to prepare medical science graduates for the transdisciplinary knowledge system of EBLM, and related venues of employment such as biomedical research and clinical medicine. In meeting the aims to define and demonstrate knowledge work from the semiotic perspective, this thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by the application of semiotics to a field in which it has probably never been tested. It contributes to the scholarship of teaching in higher education by formulating a structure for transdisciplinary medical science knowledge, which integrates scientific with other forms of knowledge, and with real world practice.
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BANASIAK, Sophie. "The unionisation of precarious workers : representations, problematisation and experiences in Swedish blue-collar unions in the construction and hotel-restaurant sectors." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52700.
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From the Polanyian perspective on the double movement of labour commodification and self-protection of Society, the aim of this study was to examine how unionists perceive and problematise precarious employment and what are their practices for unionising and thereby securing precarious workers. A double case study was conducted in the hotel-restaurant and construction sectors in Sweden with the participation of blue-collar unionists with diverse backgrounds and experiences. The results show that precarious work is associated with labour market segmentation, subcontracting and fragmentation of economic organisations, deskilling of work, loss of autonomy and sometimes over-qualification of workers. Perceived difficulties for unionisation are fear, lack of knowledge of precarious workers about their rights, membership cost, status frustration and lack of interactions with other workers. Reported practices for unionising precarious workers consist of dealing with these barriers in order to build trustful relations and empowering workers through education and inclusion in leadership positions. Actions taken to protect and secure precarious workers are strongly interlinked with their unionisation and seem to rest mainly on negotiations. The main conclusions of the study are that precarious work means a loss of control by workers over their work life stemming from labour commodification and flexibilisation due to increased management control and lack of rights and protections surrounding work. The formation of solidarities needed for unionisation is hindered by the detachment of precarious workers from the work community and by inequality regimes. The domination of fear manifests the prevalence of emotions. Therefore, the care and emotional work of unionists is essential for making workers feel confidence. Unions practices tend to lean also, to some extent, towards organising and community building models. Thereby, union agency appears to be able to engage in an interplay with structures to exert some influence on employment and industrial relations.
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Stenstad, Camilla Charlotte. "BLACK ROSES Faces of Jamaican Youth : - The Significance of Identity and Place." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Geografisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17041.
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Youth is a contested term which has been described as difficult to define and ‘pin down analytically’ (De Boek and Honwana 2005:3). In much youth development related issues, youth is categorised as a person between the ages of 15-24, which is defining a person only in terms of one’s chronological age. Age is a good indicator of where in life a person is, I used thus a wider range to include also older youth. Youth are often viewed in relation to other social categories as adults or children, and notions of youth are often as becomings, dependent, powerless, rebellious, risky (behaviour) and irresponsible, a focus merely on ‘negative’ aspects of youthhood, are these notions really describing the general youth? This study explores given youth identities in terms of behavioural patterns of being ‘in place’ and/or ‘out of place’. Identities are in this thesis approached as socially constructed, and people can hold multiple identities. This thesis therefore presents different identity narratives of Jamaican Youth ‘faces’. I used qualitative research methodology to collect and analyse the empirical data generated during fieldwork in Jamaica, Port Antonio in the period of February to beginning of May 2009. Methods such as informal conversations, observations, key informant interviews and photography is the main sources of the collected data, but also secondary data has been used in the analysis to grasp the surrounding realities. The youth participants of this study, 37, are persons who define themselves as youth and are viewed as youth by the Jamaica society based on their activities and behaviour, and are not dependent of their age, gender, class or occupation. In addition twelve (12) adults have contributed to the outsider’s views. The analytical concept of place is used to examine youth’s different behavioural patterns, based on socially accepted activities which are preformed in socially constructed youth places. The social meanings that identity performance have for the sense of being ‘in place’ and belonging to a place are explored to examine how this affects their identity building processes within a specific place. Also outside processes as national youth policy making, media representations and statements from ‘locals’, are evaluated as contributing to the present perceived Jamaican youth identities. I found multiple constructed ‘faces’of Jamaican youth; ‘the naughty’, ‘the nice’, the sexy’, ‘the wise’ and ‘the runner’ , are presented. These identities are fluid and transferable between different places in society and in time. The participants in this study each hold several of these ‘faces’, but often one which are more prominent in relation to the place one uses at that time. The located youth places; the youth centre place, the marina place and the dancehall place, are sites where the identity building processes takes form and social identities are constructed in relations to the socially acceptable conventions in the places in which youth occupy. These social conventions and identities may be negotiated, modified, reconstructed, challenged, contested or resisted in the ‘never-ending’ identity and place production processes. Identity, which is a complex term, holds several of attributes within categories as gender, race, age ect., but none of these attributes exist alone, and place as a contributor to the identity building processes is in this thesis seen as significant in the dynamic relation to all the attributes a person holds, which are preformed at different scales in society, both to be ‘in place’ and/or ‘out of place’. The youth ‘faces’ in Jamaica are also related and part of the national identity, they should therefore be accepted rather than rejected as ‘unwanted behaviour’, since a person rarely just hold one identity.
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Knebel, Rosemeri Leane. "TRABALHO E MATERNIDADE:DESAFIOS PARA A MULHER NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2009. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/290.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-13This thesis aims to understand the challenges that mothers are experiencing through the ages concerning the relationship between working outside the home and motherhood. Thus, there was a historic restoration on the representations of motherhood and women, from Brazil to the colonial days. Then worked up through interviews with 18 subjects, divided into three categories, where there is an analysis of ways to confront the challenges that the work and motherhood impose on mothers who work outside. As expansion of the study, bibliographic searches present a brief history and a brief analysis of the concepts of feminism and gender. At the end of the work could see that there were many changes in the social representations with respect to the roles established for women in Brazilian society. However, these changes do not always mean improvements for women.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo entender os desafios que mães vêm enfrentando através dos tempos no tocante à relação entre trabalho fora de casa e maternidade. Para tanto, fez-se uma reconstituição histórica acerca das representações sobre maternidade e trabalho feminino, partindo do Brasil colonial até os dias de hoje. Em seguida, trabalhou-se, através de entrevistas, com 18 sujeitos, divididos em três categorias, onde se faz uma análise das formas de enfrentamento dos desafios que a relação trabalho e maternidade impõem às mães que trabalham fora. Como ampliação do estudo, pesquisas bibliográficas apresentam um pequeno histórico e uma breve análise dos conceitos de feminismo e de gênero. Ao final do trabalho foi possível constatar que ocorreram muitas transformações nas representações sociais no que concerne aos papéis estabelecidos às mulheres dentro da sociedade brasileira. Contudo, nem sempre essas transformações significaram melhorias para a mulher.
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Gomes, Angélica Fabiana. "O trabalho de cuidado : uma análise das representações sociais de cuidadores de pessoas idosas em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência (ILPI)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9311.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Researching the work of the caregiver of elderly people in the Institution for the Long Stay of the Elderly (ILPI) is therefore a social phenomenon that must be clarified, since it depends on the individual condition of those who perform it. The scientific study of care work becomes increasingly relevant to improve the working conditions afforded by technological and scientific advances. It is noted that several countries are experiencing different aging populations in different ways. Some countries in Europe and Japan have gradually been aging, Brazil is among the countries that ages abruptly. Considering the specificities of the formal care work, emerging from this scenario, especially the long-term care in the context of ILPIs, this study had as objective to investigate the social representations about the work of care elaborated by formal caregivers of elderly people in a Institution of Long Stay for the Elderly (ILPI). This is a case study of a social and qualitative nature. Participants in the study were a group of 9 workers from an ILPI, who work in the care of institutionalized persons of both sexes, located in a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo. The data were analyzed starting from the assumptions of the Consensual Universes and Reified Universes and the concepts of Objectivation and Anchoring, as stated in the theory of social representations. Through the systematization of the narratives of the participants, discursive marks and thematic categories delimited, characterizing two distinct and complementary perspectives of social representations. Care work for participants reveals representations of "learning," "love," "art," "caring." Care work also represents "dimensions beyond techniques." Considering the nature and dynamics of a philanthropic, closed and "long-stay" institution, representations emerge of work marked by precarious conditions, lack of capacity to deal with the emotions of the elderly, and also of their own emotions, expressing a "Heavy work" that requires physical effort and recognition. It is verified that the knowledge about the care work is still limited, and it is necessary to develop internal actions of the institution, as well as the public policies of long-term follow-up of the working conditions of care.
Pesquisar o trabalho do cuidador de pessoas idosas em Instituição de Longa Permanência de Pessoas Idosas (ILPI) é, pois, um fenômeno social que deve ser esclarecido, pois, ele depende da condição individual dos que o executam. O estudo científico do trabalho de cuidado se torna cada vez mais relevante para melhorar as condições de trabalho propiciadas por avanços tecnológicos e científicos. Nota-se que diversos países estão atravessando, de formas diferentes o envelhecimento populacional. Alguns países na Europa e o Japão foram envelhecendo aos poucos, o Brasil está entre os países que envelhece bruscamente. Considerando-se a especificidades do trabalho de cuidado formal, emergentes deste cenário, em especial aos cuidados de longa duração no contexto das ILPIs, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais sobre o trabalho de cuidado elaborado por cuidadores formais de pessoas idosas em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza social e qualitativa. Participaram do estudo um grupo de 9 trabalhadores de uma ILPI, atuantes no cuidado de pessoas institucionalizadas, de ambos os sexos, que está localizada em um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram analisados partindo-se dos pressupostos dos Universos Consensuais e Universos Reificados e dos conceitos de Objetivação e Ancoragem, enunciados na teoria das representações sociais. Mediante a sistematização das narrativas dos participantes, marcas discursivas e categorias temáticas delimitadas, caracterizando duas perspectivas distintas e complementares das representações sociais. O trabalho de cuidado para os participantes revela representações de “aprendizado”, “amor”, “arte”, “carinho”. O trabalho de cuidado representa também “dimensões para além das técnicas”. Considerando a natureza e a dinâmica de uma instituição – filantrópica, fechada e de “longa permanência” emergem representações de um trabalho marcado por condições precárias, falta de capacitação em como lidar com as emoções das pessoas idosas e também das suas próprias emoções, expressando um “trabalho pesado” que requer um esforço físico e reconhecimento. Constata-se que o conhecimento sobre o trabalho de cuidado ainda é limitado, e é necessário o desenvolvimento de ações internas da instituição, bem como a de políticas públicas de acompanhamento a longo prazo, das condições de trabalho de cuidado.
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Pauling, Joel Wiramu. "Understanding common sense themes of intellectual and creative work : the social representation of intellectual property : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1027.
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Scott-Wilson, Rina. "An analysis of learning characteristics, processes, and representations in mathematical modelling of middle school learners with special educational needs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96130.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The special needs community is in the midst of a philosophical and physical shift from a segregated system to an integrated system, not only in placement, but more importantly, in terms of learning and affording learners with special needs access to mainstream curricular materials. Mathematical modelling, or challenging mathematics problems solved in small groups, is part of the Australian mainstream curriculum. The purpose of the study was to investigate the way special needs learners learn mathematics from a modelling learning environment. To do this, it was necessary to identify the critical characteristics of the best practice in teaching and learning for learners with special needs, and the critical features of modelling. One theory of learning that has the capacity to promote special needs learners' interaction with mathematical modelling is Feuerstein’s theory of Structural Cognitive Modifiability. A hypothetical learning trajectory was designed for special needs learners at middle school according to general design principles from theory, which was adapted to the learning characteristics of the class. The learning environment comprised of three challenging modelling tasks, together with recommended implementation and support conditions in the classroom. Specifically, the research sought to investigate the ways in which special needs educators can support the higher reasoning processes of special needs students during modelling through design in general, and through mediation specific to each learner. The research took the form of a qualitative study, combining the phases of design-based research with a multiple case study approach. Three cases were analysed in depth. Empirical data were collected through a range of qualitative methods, which included data from student files, field observations, video and audio recordings, focus group interviews with students, and the input of various collaborators across the different phases of planning, design, implementation, and revision. Data were coded and analysed inductively according to emerging patterns and themes. Findings suggest that the use of modelling was successful when implemented with certain characteristics defined in the literature, and that it enabled learners to learn mathematics and also to develop additional outcomes such as social skills and language. During this study, learners' higher-order reasoning was supported through dynamic assessment and subsequent mediation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwysgemeenskap vir leerders met spesiale behoeftes bevind hulle in die middel van filosofiese en fisiese verskuiwings van 'n geskeide sisteem na 'n geïntegreerde sisteem. Dit omvat die plasing van leerders, maar meer belangrik ook die bemoontliking van toegang van hierdie leerders tot hoofstroom kurrikulêre materiale. Wiskundige modellering, en uitdagende wiskundeprobleme wat deur leerders in klein groepies opgelos word, is deel van die Australiese hoofstroomkurrikulum. Die doel van die studie was om die wyse te ondersoek waarvolgens leerders met spesiale behoeftes wiskunde in 'n modelleringsomgewing leer. Dit is gedoen deur die belangrike kenmerke van beste praktyk vir onderrig en leer in spesiale onderwys, asook die kritiese kenmerke van modellering, te vind. Een leerteorie wat die interaksie van leerders met spesiale behoeftes met wiskunde bevorder, is Feuerstein se teorie van Strukturele Kognitiewe Modifieerbaarheid. 'n Hipotetiese leertrajek was ontwerp vir leerders met spesiale behoeftes op middelskoolvlak. Empiriese data is deur 'n reeks kwalitatiewe aksies: data van studentelêers, veldwaar-nemings, video en klankopnames, fokusgroeponderhoude met studente, asook die insette van verskeie medewerkers oor die verskillende fases van beplanning, ontwerp, implementering en hersiening gegenereer. Die spesifieke leerkenmerke van hierdie leerders volgens algemeen-teoretiese en lokaalgekontekstualiseerde ontwerpbeginsels is nagekom. Die leertrajek het bestaan uit drie uitdagende modelleringsprobleme met aanbevole implementering en ondersteuningsriglyne in die klaskamer. Die navorsing het spesifiek gesoek na wyses waarop hierdie leerders se hoër beredeneringsvaardighede deur hul onderwysers, volgens elkeen se eie behoefte gedurende modellering, deur ontwerp in die algemeen en mediasie in die besonder, ondersteun kan word. Die navorsing, 'n kwalitatiewe studie, was gekombineer met fases van ontwikkelingsgebaseerde ontwerp wat uitgespeel het in 'n veelvuldige gevallestudiebenadering. Drie gevalle is in diepte ondersoek. Data was induktief gekodeer en geanaliseer volgens ontluikende patrone en temas. Bevindinge wys uit dat die gebruik van modellering suksesvol was wanneer die implementering volgens spesifieke kenmerke in die literatuur was. Dit het leerders instaat gestel om wiskunde te leer asook om addisionele uitkomste soos sosiale vaardighede en taal te ontwikkel. In hierdie studie is hoër-orde denke ondersteun deur dinamiese assessering en voortspruitende mediasie.
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Leite, Rosana Farias Batista. "LIMITES E PERSPECTIVAS DO TRABALHO EM EQUIPE NO PROGRAMA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DE CAMPINA GRANDE PB: AS REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DOS PROFISSIONAIS." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2007. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1798.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-28In Brazil, from 1994, the Health Department created the Health Family Program (HFP), being Campina Grande and other thirteen cities in Brazil the pioneer in the implantation of this proposal. The HFP is presented as a strategy for reorganization of the basic attention, aiming to change the assistant model of health. The program emphasizes, among others aspects, interdisciplinary actions with the objective to assure the accomplishment of the principles of the Unique System of Health. The present study has as main objective to analyze the social representations of the professionals about the work in the HFP of Campina Grande, Paraíba. The specific objectives are to analyze the limits and perspectives of this work verifying if there is interchange of knowledge pointed at the construction of a interdisciplinary work or if the fragmented daily work prevails. The research was development with bases on the Social Representations Theory, through the contributions of Serge Moscovici, for whom the social representations are understood as the common sense and practical knowledge elaborated by social group and transmitted by the social communication. It is a qualitative research that had as instruments to collect the data the half-structured interview and the participant comment, registered in the diary. 24 professionals were interviewed, of which 03 are doctors, 03 nurses, 04 aid nurses, 02 dentists surgeons, 02 social assistants, 09 health agents, and 01 assist of dental doctor's office. The analysis of the interviews was made based on the proposal of analysis of Thematic Content suggested by Bardin 1977. This research had three thematic groups: Representation of the HFP, Representation of the Work in HFP, Representation of the Work in Team and Interdisciplinary Work. For all people interviewed the HFP was represented as a program that brought positive contributions. The work in HFP is represented as a planned", "organized", and "rewarding" work. On the other hand, several speeches express non-satisfactions. The team work was represented as complemented work , as work between equals, respect the colleague´s space and as being with a family , being this last representation emphasized by the professionals of middle level, in a utopian and romantic vision. According to the interdisciplinary work it was highlighted the representations as changes of knowledge , dialogue and team of professional . The research points that the work in the HFP is represented as an acquaintance shared in the same physical space, indicating a boarding of different professionals without there is in fact the interdisciplinarity. The challenge that is present for the professionals remains, because there is no observation on the disruption with the traditional paradigm of the health, based, among others component, on the fragmentation and overlapping of the knowledge.
No Brasil, a partir de 1994, o Ministério da Saúde criou o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), sendo o município de Campina Grande-PB, juntamente com mais 13 municípios no país, pioneiro na implantação desta proposta. O PSF se propõe ser uma estratégia para reorganização da atenção básica, com vistas à mudança no modelo assistencial de saúde. O programa enfatiza, entre outros aspectos, ações interdisciplinares no sentido de assegurar a efetivação dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. Desse modo o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar as representações sociais dos profissionais sobre o trabalho em equipe no PSF de Campina Grande PB. Os objetivos específicos são analisar os limites e perspectivas deste trabalho, verificando se há intercâmbio de saberes voltados para construção de um trabalho interdisciplinar ou se prevalece o trabalho cotidiano fragmentado. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais, através das contribuições de Serge Moscovici, para quem as representações sociais são entendidas como conhecimento prático e do senso comum elaborados por grupos sociais e veiculados pela comunicação social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dados, a entrevista semi-estruturada e a observação participante, com registro em Diário de Campo. Foram entrevistados 24 profissionais, dos quais três são médicos, três são enfermeiros, quatro são auxiliares de enfermagem, dois são cirurgiões dentistas, dois são assistentes sociais, nove são agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS`s), e um é auxiliar de consultório dentário. A análise das entrevistas foi feita a partir da proposta de Análise de Conteúdo Temática sugerida por Bardin (1977). Trabalhou-se com quatro agrupamentos temáticos: Representação do PSF, Representação do Trabalho no PSF, Representação do Trabalho em Equipe e Representação do Trabalho Interdisciplinar. Para todos os profissionais entrevistados o PSF foi representado como um programa que trouxe contribuições positivas. O trabalho no PSF é representado como planejado , organizado , e gratificante . Por outro lado, vários discursos expressam insatisfações. O trabalho em equipe por sua vez foi representado como trabalho complementar , como trabalho entre iguais, respeitar o espaço do colega e como estar em família , sendo esta última representação enfatizada por parte dos profissionais de nível médio, numa visão utópica e romântica. No que diz respeito ao trabalho interdisciplinar destacaram-se representações como troca de saberes , diálogo e conjunto de profissionais . A pesquisa aponta que o trabalho em equipe no PSF é representado como uma convivência compartilhada no mesmo espaço físico, indicando uma abordagem multiprofissional sem que haja de fato a interdisciplinaridade. O desafio que se apresenta para os profissionais permanece, já que não se observa o rompimento com o paradigma tradicional da saúde, calcado, entre outros componentes, na fragmentação e superposição do conhecimento.
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Silva, Guilherme Leonardo Freitas. "REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS SOBRE OS SABERES DOCENTES NECESSÁRIOS A SUA PRÁTICA DOS PROFESSORES DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PRIVADA DE PONTA GROSSA – PR." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2013. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1370.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-28This paper presents an analysis of the social representations of teachers in Higher Private Education Institutions in Ponta Grossa - PR, on teacher knowledge related to teaching put into practice. The research objectives were: pointing, social representations of teachers' work; clarify the extent to which teacher knowledge related pedagogical practice in the classroom. Used as theoretical background contributions of the Theory of Social Representations of Moscovici (1978), Jodelet (1984, 1993, 2001, 2007), Sá (1996, 1998) and Abric (2001) with regard to the concepts and approaches of social representations, as well as on the core of social representations.Yet, used as theoretical background conceptions of knowledge and teaching knowledge concerning the teaching explained by the authors (SHULMAN, 1986; TARFIF; LESSARD, 2005; GAUTHIER, 1998) the research approach chosen by the analysis quantitative and qualitative through the following instruments: questionnaire with semi - structured questions with pre - defined for a hundred teachers IES Ponta Grossa in various disciplines, and individual interviews with thirty teachers selected the posterity, for analysis and record the interviews. The categories were created from the theoretical framework of social representations and teaching knowledge and the process of data analysis followed the steps of content analysis defined by Bardin (1978). These steps were performed using the software EVOC (VÈRGES, 2002) ATLAS TI and ALCESTE.The results indicate that among the types of knowledge mentioned in the work, content knowledge was the most cited by teachers, then pedagogical knowledge, curricular and experiential successively. Moreover, the images and attitudes of teachers regarding their teaching practice in higher education corroborate a traditional model of teaching, marked by emphasis of subject content to be taught at the expense of other types of knowledge, beyond the maternal image, vocational, feminist characterizing the teaching profession as a background. So the teacher´s look in the light of knowledge of social representations is an important discussion in teaching, since knowledge of representations can help to design training programs that meet the needs of management agencies, but considering the actual need of building a perceived and needed knowledge for teaching work.
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise das representações sociais dos professores de Instituição de Ensino Superior Privada de Ponta Grossa – PR, sobre os saberes docentes referentes ao trabalho docente colocados em prática. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: apontar as representações sociais sobre o trabalho docente dos professores; explicitar em que medida os saberes docentes se relacionam na prática pedagógica em sala de aula. Utilizaram-se como subsídio teórico as contribuições da Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici (1978), Jodelet (1984, 1993, 2001, 2007), Sá (1996,1998) e Abric (2001), no que se refere aos conceitos e abordagens das representações sociais, bem como sobre o núcleo central das representações sociais. Ainda, as concepções de conhecimentos e saberes docentes relativos ao trabalho docente explicitado pelos autores Shulman (1986); Tardif e Lessard (2005) e Gauthier (1998). A pesquisa optou pelo enfoque da análise quanti-qualitativa, por meio dos seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: questionário com roteiro semiestruturado, com questões predefinidas para cem professores de uma IES de Ponta Grossa, de diversas disciplinas; e entrevistas individuais com 30 professores selecionados, a posteriori, para análise e registro das entrevistas. As categorias foram criadas a partir do referencial teórico sobre representações sociais e saberes docentes e o processo de análise dos dados seguiram as etapas da análise de conteúdo definidas por Bardin (1978). Essas etapas foram realizadas utilizando-se os softwares EVOC (VÈRGES, 2002), ATLAS TI e ALCESTE. Os resultados indicam que, dentre os tipos de saberes docentes citados no trabalho, o conhecimento de conteúdo foi o mais citado pelos professores, em seguida o conhecimento pedagógico, curricular e experiencial, sucessivamente. Além disto, as imagens e atitudes dos professores em relação à sua prática docente no ensino superior corroboram para um modelo tradicional de ensino, marcado pela ênfase do conteúdo da disciplina a ser ensinada, em detrimento de outros tipos de conhecimentos, além da imagem maternal, vocacional e feminista que caracteriza a profissão docente como segundo plano. Portanto, o olhar dos professores relativo aos saberes docentes, à luz teoria das representações sociais, é uma importante discussão no ensino, visto que o conhecimento dessas representações pode auxiliar a concepção de programas de formação de professores, pelos órgãos gestores, que atendam as necessidades de um processo de formação mais completo, de modo a contemplar a real necessidade de construção de saberes necessários para a prática docente.
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Rodrigues, Ana Paula de Lima. "REPRESENTAÇÕES DO MUNDO DO TRABALHO: O LUGAR DO SINE NO IMAGINÁRIO DOS DESEMPREGADOS DE SANTA MARIARS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6206.
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The aim of this master s dissertation is to identify the social representations constructed around the institution SINE in Santa Maria, having as the main source
reports from social actors who frequent this place in search for jobs. It basically intends to understand how the social imaginary takes this institution as one of the
main interlocutors with labor world in Santa Maria and as an agency that manages and performs actions of market insertion. Then, this study aims to learn how actors
experience this relationship and the meaning they attribute to their actions, having as reference political and institutional practices mirrored by SINE. It intends to rescue the several meanings that people excluded from formal market place have about labor world and the relation with their biographies and their different insertions in the social contexts they are. From this universe of meanings it infers that people establish action plans in their daily routine in relation to labor world and their insertions in it. It highlights that this first view of people about labor world and the
place and role of SINE in this context is important because it is a diagnosis not only of the restrict labor world but also of the political world as well as of the status and classes structures in which they are inserted. The contents are linked: basic reasons, such as economic survival with visions about the functioning of the political world. SINE itself constitutes an entity which conserves in its nature and routine these two
dimensions to be an organism of (economical) labor managing while it maintains deep connections to the world of politics. The conclusions of the study come from
qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews applied in November, 2009.A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como finalidade identificar as representações sociais construídas acerca da instituição SINE em Santa Maria utilizando como principal fonte interpretativa os relatos dos atores sociais que circulam neste local à procura de trabalho. Aspira-se, fundamentalmente, entender como o imaginário social apropria-se desta instituição enquanto um dos principais interlocutores com o mundo do trabalho em Santa Maria e enquanto agência que administra e executa ações de inserção no mercado. Com isso, o estudo procura aprender a forma como os atores vivem essa relação e o sentido que atribuem as suas ações tendo como referência as políticas e práticas institucionais espelhadas pelo SINE. Pretende-se recuperar os universos de significados dos indivíduos excluídos do mercado de trabalho formal sobre o mundo do trabalho e da relação que se verifica com suas biografias e suas inserções mais diversas nos contextos sociais em que estão inseridos. Deste universo de significados capturado depreende-se que os indivíduos estabelecem planos de ação no cotidiano relativamente ao mundo do trabalho e de suas inserções nele. Enfatiza-se que esta primeira leitura dos indivíduos sobre o mundo do trabalho e do lugar e função do SINE nessa conjuntura é importante porque se trata de um diagnóstico não somente do mundo estrito do trabalho, como do mundo da política e da estrutura de status e de classes em que estão inseridos. Os conteúdos interligam-se: motivos básicos, como os da sobrevivência econômica, com visões sobre o funcionamento do mundo político. A própria instituição SINE constitui-se em uma entidade que conserva na sua natureza e rotinas estas duas dimensões, a de ser um organismo de gestão de mão de obra (econômico), ao tempo em que mantém profunda conexão com o mundo da política. As conclusões do estudo emanam da análise qualitativa das entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas no mês de novembro de 2009.
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Veiga, Kátia Conceição Guimarães. "Trabalho noturno: representações sociais de enfermeiras de um hospital público de ensino." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Enfermagem da UFBA, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9598.
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Estudo de caso, descritivo e analítico, com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais e na Teoria do Núcleo Central, com o objetivo de apreender as representações sociais (RS) das enfermeiras de um hospital público de ensino, na cidade de Salvador-Bahia, sobre o trabalho noturno (TN) e analisar o processo de construção dessas RS a partir de sua estrutura. Participaram deste estudo 25 enfermeiras (89,3%) do serviço de assistência intermediária. Os dados foram coletados através das técnicas de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP) e entrevista, em abril e maio de 2008. Os dados originários do TALP foram submetidos à análise fatorial de correspondência (AFC), pelo Software Tri-Deux Mots, e à análise do quadro de quatro casas, através do Software EVOC, e os da entrevista, à análise temática de conteúdo. A análise do quadro de quatro casas evidenciou que a estrutura da RS tem como elementos centrais responsabilidade, árduo, estresse, sofrimento e autonomia, e, como elementos periféricos, ética, necessidade financeira, dupla jornada, sobrecarga e iniciativa. A AFC revelada no jogo de oposições demonstrou no Fator 1 que as enfermeiras que trabalham nos turnos diurno e noturno simultaneamente estão em oposição às enfermeiras que trabalham no diurno e que tem um vinculo empregatício, evidenciando uma oposição entre os turnos de serviço. Diante disso, apreendeu-se das primeiras, as seguintes representações: estressante, autonomia, sofrimento, cansativo, dupla jornada e responsabilidade. Para essas últimas, o universo semântico presentado foi: dificuldade, dedicação, sacrifício, desgastante e dedicação. Em relação ao Fator 2, o procedimento de análise baseou-se na idade x tempo de serviço: as enfermeiras com idade igual ou maior que 41 anos e tempo de serviço superior a 20 anos, apresentou os seguintes campos semânticos: necessidade, sacrifício, dedicação, autonomia, dedicação, desgastante e dupla jornada; às evocações das enfermeiras com idade entre 30 e 40 anos e tempo de serviço de 10 a 19 anos foram: sofrimento, administração, continuidade, conhecimento, dificuldade e responsabilidade. A análise temática de conteúdo originou cinco categorias simbólicas, Concepções do TN (27,2%), Dimensão Ontológica do TN (16,7%), Aspectos Psicoafetivos do TN (20,6%), Viabilidade do TN (22,8%) e Valorização do TN (12,7%). Estes resultados conduzem à necessidade de reflexão das enfermeiras sobre essas representações para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de trabalho que contribuam com políticas de pessoal considerando a especificidade, subjetividade e complexidade do TN, com um modelo de prática inovadora, valorizando o TN e a trabalhadora, o enfrentamento dos problemas cotidianos e propiciando novas investigações para aprofundamento dessa temática.
Salvador
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Taveira, Izabela Maria Rezende. "Representações sociais da qualidade de vida no trabalho." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3653.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA qualidade de vida no trabalho é uma questão relevante para diversos campos de conhecimento e intervenção, a saber: saúde do trabalhador, saúde pública, previdência, segurança no trabalho, processos organizacionais, gestão de pessoas, entre outros. A qualidade de vida no trabalho influencia as atitudes e comportamentos dos trabalhadores frente ao mercado de trabalho e ante as empresas das quais fazem parte. A presente pesquisa possui um caráter descritivo e comparativo, tendo como objetivo geral a análise das representações sociais da qualidade de vida no trabalho construídas por trabalhadores das cidades de Juiz de Fora/MG e de Cataguases/MG, relacionando-as aos diferentes contextos e condições de trabalho e de vida cotidiana de tais trabalhadores. Para isso, foram formulados os seguintes objetivos específicos: descrever e analisar a representação social da qualidade vida; descrever e analisar a representação social da qualidade vida no trabalho; investigar a existência de um entrelaçamento entre as representações sociais da qualidade de vida e da qualidade de vida no trabalho; comparar as representações sociais da qualidade de vida no trabalho entre segmentos amostrais definidos por diferentes variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, faixa etária, tipo de vínculo, segmento de atuação, escolaridade). A fundamentação teórica do estudo consistiu na perspectiva psicossocial das representações sociais, com ênfase sobre a sua abordagem estrutural. Para a coleta de dados foi construído um questionário com questões fechadas e abertas, ao qual foram associadas técnicas de pesquisa específicas da abordagem estrutural das representações sociais, a saber: evocações livres aos termos indutores qualidade de vida e qualidade de vida no trabalho e um questionário de caracterização. Participaram da pesquisa 309 trabalhadores, sendo 232 (75% da amostra) de Juiz de Fora/MG e 77 (25% da amostra) da cidade de Cataguases/MG, pertencentes a diferentes organizações. Os resultados revelam que as cognições constituintes do núcleo central da representação social da qualidade de vida foram saúde, trabalho-emprego e bem-estar e a primeira periferia foi formada pelos elementos: lazer, educação, família, boa vida financeira e moradia. Já a representação social da qualidade de vida no trabalho foi formada pelos elementos centrais: salário, condições de trabalho, respeito e bom ambiente de trabalho. Por outro lado, a primeira periferia foi composta pelos seguintes elementos: reconhecimento e desempenho-eficiência. Verificou-se um forte entrelaçamento entre tais representações mediante a centralidade da categoria trabalho no núcleo central da Representação Social da qualidade de vida. As comparações das representações sociais da qualidade de vida no trabalho entre os segmentos amostrais revelaram diferenças significativas. Somente homens e mulheres demonstraram uma mesma representação. Em relação ao caráter regionalizado da pesquisa, constatou-se que Juiz de Fora e Cataquases são cidades amplamente reconhecidas pela boa qualidade de vida que oferecem. Principalmente Juiz de Fora, em função das suas características provincianas mescladas com a agitação urbana e com a sua estrutura que também se assemelha às grandes capitais. Tais cidades, entretanto, foram criticadas em relação à qualidade das oportunidades profissionais que oferecem e que geram a evasão dos trabalhadores mais qualificados para os grandes centros.
Life quality at work is a relevant question to several fields of knowledge and intervention, namely: workers health, public health, welfare, occupational safety, organizational processes, people management, among others. Life quality at work influences attitudes and behaviors of workers faced with job market and before enterprises they belong to. This research has a descriptive and comparative character, having as general aim the analysis of social representations of life quality composed by workers from the cities of Juiz de Fora/MG and Cataguases/MG, relating them to diverse contexts and work conditions and to the quotidian of such workers. For this, the following specific aims were formulated: describe and analyze social representations of life quality; investigate the existence of an interlacement between social representations of life quality and quality life at work; to compare social representations of quality life at work between samples segments defined by several socialdemographic variables (sex, age, type of bond, actuation segment, schooling). The theoretical basis for the study consisted in the psychosocial perspective of social representations, with emphasis on its structural approach. To collect data a questionnaire was composed with closed and open questions, which were associated specific research techniques to the structural approach of social representations, namely: free evocations inductors to the terms life quality and life quality at work and a characterization questionnaire. 309 workers participated in the survey with 232 (75% of sample) of Juiz de Fora/MG and 77 (25% of the sample) from the city of Cataguases/MG, belonging to different organizations. The results show that the cognitions constituting the core of social representation of life quality were "health", "work-employment" and "welfare" and the first periphery was formed by the "leisure", "education", " family", " good financial life "and" housing ". Whereas social representation of quality life at work was composed by central elements: "salary", "working conditions", "respect" and "good work environment". On the other hand, the first periphery was composed by the following elements: recognition and performance-efficiency. A strong link was verified between these representations through the centrality of the category "work" at the core of the Social Representation of quality life. Comparisons of social representations of life quality at work between sample segments revealed significant differences. Only men and women showed the same representation. In relation to the regionalized character of the research, we found that Juiz de Fora and Cataguases are cities widely recognized by the quality life they offer. Mainly Juiz de Fora, based on its provincial characteristics merged with the urban buzz with its structure that also resembles to the great capitals. Those cities, however, were criticized for the quality of the professional opportunities they offer and that generate the avoidance of more skilled workers to major centers.
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Santos, Elisabete Figueroa dos. "Representações sociais de estudantes negros: universidade e trabalho." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6020.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-15Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Social indicators regarding education and employment relations in Brazil indicate that the inequalities are even more critical when the analysis is done from the ethnic-racial perspective, showing a situation of obvious disadvantage for the black population. However, the literature has shown that education is traditionally one of the main tools to promote social and economic rise of blacks. Thus, various higher education institutions have implemented the system of quotas, what results of the demands of the Brazilian black movement. Therefore, this research sought to understand the relationship between blackness, education and work, from the perspective of Black college students. The objective was to study the social representations that have UFSCar`s Black students on entering the public university system through reserve places, the course and chosen profession, and the inclusion and / or stay in the labor market. Specifically, we sought to analyze the Affirmative Action Program (AAP) of UFSCar, its proposals, policies and strategies; knowing the the socio-economic students features, especially those related to school life and work; the social representations of students about their training and entering the labor market; and finally, discuss the impact of the relations established in the university context on the ethnic-racial students. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 black students, who entered at UFSCar from 2008, through the system of quotas or not. In addition, group interviews were done with the students individually interviewed. It was possible to examine the relationships between the sense of belonging, ethnic-racial identity and representations that are engendered on race relations and affirmative action. We realize, therefore, Black students who identify themselves and claim themselves as Black, participants of assertive groups, engaged in racial discussions, and also identify themselves as reservists entering the vacancies for Black students. And there are those for whom race and ethnicity are not salient elements in their identity, do not share affirmative groups, and experience difficulties to assume themselves as freshmen at the reservation of seats for blacks. The representations about the implementation of quotas for Blacks are taken as something positive, because of the belief that they allow the entry of Blacks in the university; allow the entrance of the disadvantaged people; and reduce inequality. The seizure of this policy as a negative due to the representation of that institute such measures: assume the inability of Blacks; brings constitutional complications; shifts the focus from the real problem is education based, breeds prejudice, creates inequality, and finally, regard to the difficulty of defining who is Black in Brazil. The same relationships and forms of representations were found regarding the quotas for blacks in the labor market. We realized that those students who have an affirmed ethnic-racial identity represented the relations between being Black, higher education and the labor market in a more critical and proactive way. Thus, students whose ethnic-racial identity is not presented in a manner so prominent, represented these relationships in order to deny the existence of racism and in order to minimize the very affectation in a context of racial discrimination, which is pegged to the contrariety of affirmative action in about higher education and in the labor market.
Os indicadores sociais acerca da educação e das relações de trabalho no Brasil apontam que as desigualdades são ainda mais críticas quando a análise é feita sob a ótica etnicorracial, evidenciando uma situação de visível desvantagem para a população negra. Contudo, a literatura tem revelado ser a educação tradicionalmente um dos principais instrumentos capazes de promover a ascensão social e econômica do negro. Dessa forma, várias instituições educacionais de nível superior têm implantado o sistema de reserva de vagas, fruto das reivindicações do movimento negro brasileiro. Logo, essa pesquisa buscou compreender as relações entre negritude, educação e trabalho, a partir da perspectiva de estudantes universitários negros. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar as representações sociais que possuem os estudantes negros da UFSCar sobre a entrada na universidade pública por meio do sistema de reserva de vagas, o curso e a profissão escolhida e a inserção e/ou permanência no mercado de trabalho. Especificamente, pretendeu-se analisar o Programa de Ações Afirmativas (PAA) da UFSCar, suas propostas, políticas, estratégias; conhecer as características sócio-econômicas dos estudantes, especialmente aquelas que dizem respeito à trajetória escolar e de trabalho; conhecer as representações sociais dos estudantes em relação à formação e o ingresso no mercado de trabalho; e, por fim, discutir o impacto das relações estabelecidas no contexto universitário sobre a identidade etnicorracial dos estudantes. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 13 estudantes pretos e pardos, ingressantes na UFSCar a partir de 2008, via sistema de reserva de vagas ou não. Além disso, foram feitas entrevistas coletivas com parte dos estudantes entrevistados individualmente. Pôde-se verificar as relações existentes entre o senso de pertencimento, a identidade etnicorracial e as representações que são engendradas sobre as relações raciais e ações afirmativas. Percebemos, portanto, alunos negros que identificam-se e afirmam-se como negros, são participantes de grupos afirmativos, engajados nas discussões raciais e, identificam-se também como reservistas ingressantes pelas vagas destinadas a alunos negros. E, há aqueles para os quais raça e etnicidade não são elementos salientes em sua identidade, não partilham de grupos afirmativos e demonstram dificuldades de assumirem-se como ingressantes pela reserva de vagas para negros. As representações acerca da implantação de reserva de vagas para negros são tomadas como algo positivo, devido à crença de que elas possibilitam a entrada do negro na universidade; possibilitam a entrada dos desfavorecidos; e diminuem a desigualdade. A apreensão dessa política como algo negativo deve-se à representação de que instituir tais medidas: é assumir a incapacidade do negro; traz complicações constitucionais; desvia o foco do real problema que é a educação base, gera preconceito; cria a desigualdade; e por fim, conta com a dificuldade de se definir quem é negro no Brasil. As mesmas relações e formas de representações foram verificadas acerca da reserva de vagas para negros no mercado de trabalho. Percebemos que, aqueles estudantes que apresentam uma identidade etnicorracial afirmada representavam as relações entre ser negro, ensino superior e mercado de trabalho de forma mais crítica e propositiva. Assim, estudantes cuja identidade etnicorracial não se apresenta de maneira tão saliente, representavam essas relações de forma a negar a existência de racismo, buscando minimizar a própria afetação num quadro de discriminação racial, o que está atrelado à contrariedade acerca das ações afirmativas no ensino superior e no mercado de trabalho.
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Alberti, Eveli de Almeida Sanches. "As representações sociais dos professores do ensino fundamental em relação aos seus alunos." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2009. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/24.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-24This research work has tried to analyze the teachers social representations on their students, in other words, the way of thinking and interpreting the school daily life, the sets of images and references that orientate their practices. This investigation analysed active professionals working at public and private schools, so called A and B at the eighth grade of Ensino Fundamental . The present research project developed from the researcher s deeply concern to her pedagogical practices in relation to her teaching career in private schools and more recently (2005) taking on the position of permanent teacher in a public school. There was also an interest in researching the different angles teachers have on their work and their students assuming the daily living with them. Facing the direct relation to different values, habits and opinions, the aspects that influence their behavior and performance, social relations and satisfactions and failures were also object of investigation. This work happened through observations, interviews and testimonials from the teachers involved. The collected data were discussed and confronted in the perspective of the indicated basic theory. In order to understand the most significant factors which contribute to the education professional motivation and/or dissatisfaction the research involved seven teachers from public schools and five from private schools. Great affection was noted in the school context and also the expectations on the future, the apprenticeship and the developing of competences, as well as the professional returns that are intimately connected with the image of the pupils. The present investigation occurred during the year of 2008.
Esta pesquisa procurou analisar as representações sociais dos professores relacionadas a seus alunos, ou seja, o modo de pensar e interpretar o cotidiano escolar, o conjunto de imagens e as referências que orientam suas práticas. A investigação analisou profissionais atuantes em escola pública e particular, respectivamente chamadas de A e B, na oitava série do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa nasceu de uma das inquietações da pesquisadora em relação às práticas pedagógicas e profissionais encontradas no exercício da profissão de professora em escolas particulares e mais recentemente (2005) assumindo o cargo de professora efetiva em escola pública. Houve o interesse também em pesquisar os diferentes olhares que os professores têm de seu clima de trabalho e de seus alunos a partir do encontro e convívio com os mesmos. Mediante a relação direta com os alunos, a vivência de valores, hábitos e opiniões diferenciadas afloram, procurou-se conhecer-lhes e entender os aspectos que influenciam e subjazem o comportamento, o desempenho de seu papel, seu relacionamento social, sua vivência, suas satisfações e insatisfações. A pesquisa deu-se pela observação, entrevista e depoimento das professoras estudadas. Os dados levantados foram confrontados e discutidos na perspectiva da base teórica indicada. Para compreender os fatores mais significantes que contribuíram e contribuem para a motivação e/ou desmotivação do profissional da educação, a pesquisa envolveu sete professores da escola pública e cinco da escola particular. Foi constatada grande afetividade no ambiente escolar e também as expectativas sobre o futuro, a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento das competências, bem como os retornos profissionais que estão intimamente ligados à imagem do aluno. A investigação aconteceu no decorrer do ano de 2008.
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Tavares, Daniela Sanches. ""O sofrimento no trabalho entre servidores públicos: uma análise psicossocial do contexto de trabalho em um Tribunal Judiciário Federal"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-20032004-083408/.
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Objetivo. Descrever e analisar a representação social do sofrimento no trabalho entre um grupo de servidores de um Tribunal Judiciário Federal. Metodologia. Com base em estudo exploratório, construiu-se o roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada, abordando os seguintes principais tópicos: a) caracterização profissional; b) descrição do trabalho; c) sofrimento no trabalho -como o define, explica e sente; d) expectativas profissionais. Foram entrevistadas 37 pessoas, dentre as quais dirigentes e servidores de 15 setores. Resultados. A representação social do sofrimento no trabalho foi organizada em 3 agrupamentos de sentido: 1) Elementos constitutivos: injustiça no ambiente de trabalho, volume cumulativo de trabalho, não reconhecimento pelo trabalho, falta de autonomia, estagnação profissional (angústia da 'estaca-zero'), opressão por parte de superiores; 2) Elementos moderadores: critérios explícitos de concessão de gratificações, relações sociais positivas no ambiente de trabalho, aprendizado no trabalho, gerenciamento adequado do volume de trabalho por parte de dirigentes, estratégias de enfrentamento (distanciamento afetivo das causas dos processos, descomprometimento com o trabalho, busca de outras oportunidades dentro da instituição por meio de contatos pessoais, estudar para ingressar em carreiras jurídicas como a magistratura, investir afetiva e intelectualmente em dimensões da vida extra-trabalho); 3) Expressões do sofrimento: medo, sentimento de auto-desvalorização, desesperança e desalento, contaminação do pensamento e do sono por conteúdos do trabalho, adoecimentos somato-psicológicos. Considerações finais. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam que as categorias do sofrimento no trabalho mantêm relação com a frustração das necessidades humanas e das expectativas profissionais dos servidores. Foi enfatizada a importância do conhecimento prático para as ações de promoção de saúde no trabalho.Objective. To describe and analyze the social representation of suffering at work among a group of employees at a Federal Judicial court. Methodology. Based on an exploratory survey, a semi-structured interview script was drafted so as to broach the following key issues: a) professional description; b) job description; c) suffering at work - how does the worker define it, explain it and feel it; d) professional expectations. A total of 37 people were interviewed, including managers and workers from 15 sectors. Results. The social representation of suffering at work was organized into 3 meaning clusters: 1) Defining features: unfairness in the workplace, cumulative workload, lack of recognition for work performed, lack of autonomy, professional stagnation ('square one' anguish), overbearing bosses; 2) Mitigating features: explicit criteria for awarding gratifications, positive social relations in the workplace, learning on the job, adequate workload management by bosses, coping strategies (affective distancing from the causes of the processes, lack of commitment to the work, pursuit of other opportunities within the institution through personal contacts, studying so as to embark on legal careers such becoming a judge, affective and intellectual engagement in outside-work dimensions of life); 3) Expressions of suffering: fear, low feeling of self-worth, despair and hopelessness, contamination of thoughts and sleep by work contents, psychosomatic ailments. Final comments. The results of this study show that the categories of suffering at work are related to frustration of human needs and workers professional expectations. Emphasis is given to the importance of practical knowledge for carrying out health-promotion actions in the workplace.
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Pinto, Carla Cristina Graça. "Representações e práticas do Empowerment nos trabalhadores sociais." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4230.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Sociais na especialidade de Política SocialO estudo que aqui se apresenta visou a identificação e compreensão das representações e práticas do conceito de empowerment na perspectiva dos trabalhadores sociais. O estudo, de natureza exploratória e seguindo um paradigma qualitativo, foi realizado com base em trinta e sete entrevistas semi-estruturadas a uma amostra de trabalhadores sociais com experiência de intervenção directa e formação base em Serviço Social/Política Social. Os resultados evidenciam o amplo reconhecimento da importância do conceito de empowerment, mas igualmente a sua dificuldade de aplicação prática. Os principais conteúdos ligadas ao empowerment são as ideias de capacitação, consciência, autonomia e autodeterminação, responsabilidade e liberdade, dar poder, agir, participar, colaborar, conectar. A perspectiva dominante é a do empowerment pessoal e interpessoal. As práticas de empowerment caracterizam-se sobretudo por acções socioeducativas, informação e aconselhamento, atendimento, acompanhamento e participação. As representações e práticas de empowerment dos trabalhadores sociais tendem a ser congruentes entre si, contudo a perspectiva dos entrevistados em relação às construções teórico-académicas do conceito no trabalho social evidenciam algumas divergências, sendo para nós a mais importante o afastamento que os profissionais evidenciam em relação à dimensão sociopolítica do conceito, e por conseguinte à sua raiz significante que é o Poder.
This study aimed the identification and understanding of representations and practices of the concept of empowerment in the perspective of social workers. The study is exploratory in nature, and follows a qualitative paradigm. Thirty-seven semi-structured interviews were done to a sample of social workers with experience of direct intervention and graduated in Social work/Social policy. The results highlight the broad recognition of the importance of the concept of empowerment, but also the difficulty of its practical application. The main contents linked to empowerment are the ideas of capacitating, consciousness, autonomy and self-determination, responsibility and freedom, to give power, to act, to participate, to collaborate and to connect. The dominant perspective is the interpersonal and personal empowerment. The practice of empowerment is characterized mainly by socio-educational actions, information and counseling, care and follow-up, and participation. The social workers’ representations and practices of empowerment tend to be congruent with each other, however the perspective of the respondents in relation to the theoretical or academic constructions of the concept highlights some differences, being for us the most important the remoteness that professionals end up evidencing in relation to the socio-political dimension of the concept, and therefore to its root signifier that is power.
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Rampe, Miranda, and Patricia Tuvesson. "Hur ser man bråk? : en studie om visuella representationer av bråk." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18963.
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I denna studie undersöker vi matematiklärares olika synsätt utifrån deras erfarenheter kring visuella representationer och aspekter av bråk. Lärare intervjuades om en uppsättning problem som deras elever fick lösa, vilka var de metoderna som användes. Vi undersöker därav även om det finns några samband mellan klassresultaten och matematiklärarnas olika synsätt. Tre olika teorier användes som ramverk vid både metodövervägandet och analysen; Fyra utvecklingsstadier vid inlärning med representationer, fem aspekter av bråk och pedagogical content knowledge. Resultaten visar att det finns likheter och skillnader i deltagande lärares synsätt. Några likheter var att alla deltagande lärare finner visuella representationer att vara ett användbart hjälpmedel vid utveckling av elevers förståelse samt att de alla uttrycker en större bekantskap med aspekten del-helhet jämfört med de övriga aspekterna. Några skillnader mellan lärarnas synsätt var att de har olika inställningar till huruvida bråk uppfattas som svårt för eleverna men också i vilken utsträckning visuella representationer ska användas i årskurs 9. Vid analys av klassresultaten finner vi några samband där eleverna har svårare för uppgifter med areamodeller som inte är indelade i lika stora delar, uppgifter med tallinjer och uppgifter där eleverna ska uttrycka sig med ord. Lärarnas kommentarer till detta är att eleverna saknar förståelse för den matematik som ska användas och att eleverna på så sätt använder en felaktig metod. Lärarna kommenterar även att vissa uppgifter i studien kräver en större begreppsförståelse vilket påverkar elevernas resultat på uppgifterna.In this study we examine mathematics teacher’s verity in their reasoning and their different perspectives about visual representations and sub-constructs of fractions. Teachers were interviewed about task that their students solved, which were the methods used in this study. Therefor we also examine if there are any correlations between the teacher’s different perspectives of visual representations and the classes results on fraction tasks. The study was based on three theoretical frameworks; Four stages through the use of representations, five sub-constructs of fraction and pedagogical content knowledge. The methodological consideration and analysis were based on these theories. The result showed that there were some similarities and differences in the teacher’s reasoning. A similarity was that all participated teachers found visual representations as a helpful tool when teaching fractions for student’s conceptual understanding. Another similarity was that all teachers were more familiar with the part-whole sub-construct than the other subconstructs of fraction. Some differences in the teacher’s reasoning were if they found fraction difficult or not for the students and in which extent visual representation should be used in the ninth grade. When the class results were analyzed some connections were found. Student have difficulties with tasks where area models are not equaled partitioned, with tasks related to number lines and to tasks were the students must change from a visual to a textual representation. According to the teachers comments these difficulties accurse due to that the students lacks a curtain mathematical understanding that is required when solving these tasks. This leads to the use of an inaccurate method. The teacher’s also comments that some tasks in this study requires a higher conceptual understanding which affects the classes’ results.
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Ribeiro, Rosângela Aparecida. "O trabalho docente interpretado no dizer de um professor do/no campo." Universidade de Taubaté, 2015. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=797.
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The present dissertation it is about the docents work in the fields, of how this work is expressed in the speech of the teachers at/from the fields, and the family-school as a part of this work. In the years of 2009 and 2012, there was an uprising, leaded by the rural community against the activities developed by the school professionals that attended this community, culminating in some of them dropping out to work in this location. Parents and school showed to have goals that should converge, however, at this school there were some conflicts that put an end in the dialog and the partnership between parents and school. In this dissertation, the objective is to identify and interpret the representations about the professors work at/from the fields and the family-school relationship as partners. This research relies on theoretical assumptions of an Interactionist social-discursive approach, as well as contributions of Ergonomics and Clinicof Work, pursuing a review of the activity of the teacher from the rural area. The research that composes this work was made by analyzing texts from reports of docent practices, made by a teacher. To know better the representations about the docent work, in the context presented herein, brings to light possibilities, perspectives for transformation of the relationship between school and community.Esta dissertação tem como tema a linguagem, suas relações com o trabalho docente e está vinculada ao projeto `Análise do trabalho do professor de línguas expresso em textos produzidos por, para e sobre esse profissional da educação, coordenado pela professora Adriana Cintra de Carvalho Pinto, do Programa de Pós-graduação de Linguística Aplicada da Universidade de Taubaté. Sendo assim a dissertação tem como objetivo geral interpretar e avaliar como o trabalho do professor de línguas é representado em textos produzidos por e sobre ele, com a finalidade de descobrir e compreender o conjunto de significações construídas sobre esse trabalho. Esta pesquisa também procura significações para o trabalho de uma professora do/no campo, por meio da avaliação das figuras interpretativas desse trabalho e foi realizada mediante a análise do relato sobre a prática docente, feito por uma professora que atende às crianças de área rural, colhida após a prévia aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e em consentimento esclarecido da relatora. A fim de analisar a atividade dessa profissional, os dados obtidos foram estudados à luz dos pressupostos teóricos de uma abordagem interacionista sociodiscursiva, bem como de contribuições da Ergonomia e da Clínica do Trabalho. Os dados da pesquisa revelaram figuras interpretativas do agir do professor, tanto tradicionais quanto progressistas, unindo o conhecimento que tem de seu aluno e do conteúdo a ser trabalhado para driblar as dificuldades inerentes à profissão, principalmente a falta de prescrições para o professor do campo. Conhecer essas representações sobre o trabalho docente na zona rural trouxe à tona o vislumbre de possibilidades e perspectivas de transformação dessa relação da escola com a comunidade, bem como contribuições para o professor que trabalha com alunos oriundos da área rural.