Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentations sociales – Afrique'
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Were, Vincent Otaba. "Aspects des réseaux transfrontaliers à Busia (Kenya / Ouganda) : analyse des pratiques et des représentations sociales des langues." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1021.
Full textThis thesis falls within the context of research on representation (Moscovici, 1961; de Lauwe, 1969; Doise, 1979; Jodelet, 1989; Abric, 1989; Boyer, 1991) and social network (Barnes, 1954; Boissevain, 1968; Milroy, 1980; Elkaïm, 1987; Colonomos, 1995). Its objectives are: to study language status and representation with the aim of highlighting the typology of language contact in the border town of Busia (Kenya /Ouganda). It also seeks to conceptualise what the people in this border town understand by the word « border », and consequently, determine the kind of cross border networks that exist. Data collection methods used in this research (questionnaires and interviews) are borrowed from sociology (Caplow, 1970). This is because methods used in sociology are equally useful tools in sociolinguistic analysis - multilingualism in this case. Africa has integrated itself into different RECs (Regional Economic Communities) without concrete measures on language issues in place, especially in border areas. Busia border town is a good case study because it is a place for trade, communication and numerous networks between different classes of cross border and East African people. Due to this mobility, linguistic issues like language practice and policy arise. It also leads to understanding how languages used in daily communication are psychologically perceived, as well as their social and sociological influence. Knowing languages that are complementary to one another and/or in competition in day to day practice is useful in the sense that researchers can use it to propose appropriate measures that should be taken by political leaders. This is because countries’ and peoples’ development goes hand in hand with language
Faure-Delage, Angélique. "Représentations et attitudes socioculturelles à propos de la démence en Afrique Centrale et en Limousin." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/8ba609f5-3f53-43c5-892c-4a0588f59e39/blobholder:0/2013LIMO310A.pdf.
Full textIntroduction: Dementia is a huge public health problem. Its sociocultural representations vary depending cultures. The impacts these representations have on behaviors and attitudes need to be studied. We aim at describing perceptions and representations people have in Central Africa and in Limousin, in particular concerning public stigma. Method: Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in two capitals of Central Africa (Bangui, Central African Republic, and Brazzaville, Republic of Congo) and in Limousin (Creuse, France). The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue was used to conduct 549 interviews in Central Africa, and make a questionnaire to assess Alzheimer’s disease-related public stigma. This was filled in by 458 persons in Creuse. Results: In Cetral Africa, the biomedical concept of dementia is generally unknown. But the phenomenon is perceived and refers for many people to normal ageing. Perceived stigma relies on ambivalent representations of elderly people (magical-religious beliefs). Nevertheless, it is limited by social values deeply rooted in people’s mind. In Limousin, stigma is more perceived by health caregivers and youths. Conclusion: Dementia is a stigmatizing illness. More reflections and actions are necessary to help affected people in the best way
Olowolagba, Claude Agnila. "L'impasse du développement économique en Afrique de l'ouest." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010034.
Full textAfter various and fruitless efforts of development based on economic growth, west africa next issue is henceforth between neglected traditional entreprises and other hardly inaccessible consumerism. Contrary to assumed facts, its failure does not lie wholly on colonisation, on open market, the dictatorial political regimes etc. On this, the example of asiatic countries that were faced with similar problems have today economic performances well pronounced. If Africa is in crises, its is because his social system is still indexed on solidarity (family extension) which is by far the opposite of economic rationality followed by the western world, the system he imitates and critizes at the same time, economic and social problems are dual in nature and to get out of its present situation, the black continent must find a juste equilibrum between these two values
Rouach, David. "Rites et imaginaire chez la femme juive en Afrique du Nord du XVIe siècle au début du XXe siècle." Grenoble 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE39003.
Full textThe object of that study is based on a traditionnal culture which, in a higher or lower degree, in a more or less intact way, knew how to preserve that "traditionnal figure. " the man of that tradition always finds, beyond the collapse and the separation, how to tie again with the being, to combine with him, it ,is the myth of "the promised land" which rehearse every time, the woman purified by water, by fire. There is, in that tradition, a theosofy of exodus, of coming back to the living god. In that culture, each act in religious and collective. We can affirm that the woman lives inside three circles: the first one is about her relations with the trancendental and the natural powers, wether it is in the religion or in its magical believes; the second one is about her rights and obligations towards the group; the third one concerns her rights and obligations towards her familly. Her identity and her whole universe are delimited inside therse three circles: religion, group, family. There is a primacy of the religious prescriptions and the rites over the subjectivity, primacy of the group over the individual, primacy of the familial interest over the individual interest
Namane, Hamida. "Essai de psychologie anthropologique interculturelle : psychogenèse des processus d'acculturations en situation d'immigration : le cas des femmes originaires du Maghreb." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082379.
Full textGaugue, Anne. "Géopolitique des musées en Afrique tropicale : la mise en scène de la nation." Paris 8, 1995. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/les-etats-africains-et-leurs-musees-la-mise-en-scene-de-la-nation-14615.
Full textFurtado, Clémentina. "Les migrations de l'Afrique occidentale au Cap-Vert: attitudes et représentations." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209573.
Full textL´objectif de ce travail vise à analyser la construction des images de l'immigration en provenance de pays membres de la CEDEAO au Cap-Vert, les représentations et les attitudes réciproques à l´égard de ce phénomène et les contextes dans lesquels elles se produisent. L'hypothèse de base est qu´on est dans un pays où les autochtones ont toujours vécu avec des étrangers, pas dans leur pays d´origine, mais dans des nombreuses destinations d'émigration. De même, cette coexistence, que fut la plupart du temps avec les Européens et les Américains blancs, commence à s´établir avec les voisins du continent, non pas dans un pays tiers mais au Cap Vert. Par conséquent, l'objectif est de comprendre les relations entre les groupes sociaux, nationaux et immigrés, à la suite de la fixation et l'insertion des immigrés dans les secteurs socio-économiques nationaux, particulièrement dans le marché du travail, où on trouve un taux de chômage élevé.
Cette étude est fondée sur un dialogue avec les théories des migrations internationales et les théories des représentations sociales et qui soutiennent la thèse.
From a country of emigrants, Cape Verde transformed into a country of immigrants during the 90’s, mainly in the second half of that decade. The country started receiving immigrants especially from the neighbourhood countries of the ECOWAS region, due to the free movement of people subscribed in the Protocol of movement of people ratified by Cape Verde. The country has been a focus of attraction of labour workers following the boom in tourism and related activities, including construction and public works, commerce, hotels, and restaurants services.
This work has the main objective to analyse the construction of the images of the people coming from the ECOWAS countries members in Cape Verde, the representations and reciprocal attitudes in relation to this phenomenon and the contexts in which they occur. It is assumed that we are in a country where the local population always interacted with foreigners not in their origins but in the various migratory destinations. Similarly, this coexistence that happened mainly with white Europeans and Americans is happening with the neighbours of the continent. Consequently, it is intended to understand the relationships the social groups, nationals and immigrants establish among them as a result of establishment and insertion in the national socioeconomic sectors, mainly at the labour market, where, along with high unemployment rate, it is, verified a massive inclusion of the ECOWAS foreigners.
The current study is based on a dialogue with the international migration theories and the social representation theories that will support the thesis.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kane, Ismaïla. "État et minorités religieuses: les représentations des catholiques au Burkina Faso et au Sénégal." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33127.
Full textBoulingui, Dieu-donné. "La représentation sociale de la circoncision à travers le discours selon la mobilisation des insertions psychosociales : une étude comparée entre le Gabon et la France." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL011.
Full textCircumcision is an almost universal practice, in so much as it is at work in a considerable number of countries: in the Arab world, Israël, the United States, etc. Nevertheless, it acquires a specific character in Black Africa, where it occupies the function of a true rite of passage. As such, it constitutes a practice which puts to the forefront notions of social integration and masculine identity. Today, the confrontation of cultures results in the “deritualising” of circumcision. This operation is thus “juvenilised” and “medicalised”, in other words practised more particularly on young children and in hospitals. In this work, we attempt to understand this transition from a “traditional” to a more “westernised” conception by comparing the representations of subjects living in a country where this practice constitutes the norm and those of expatriates in a country where the dominant discourse rejects that norm. It is a question of studying the effect of the confrontation of two conceptions concerning the social representation of an object with a strong value in terms of identity. In order to operationalise this situation of confrontation, we addressed Gabonese subjects living in France, whom we compared to other Gabonese subjects living in Gabon. In practical terms, semi-directive interviews were carried out with forty Nzebi students whose academic levels ranged from bachelor’s degree to doctorate. The results presented are on two different levels of analysis: the first one, which is explored by means of syntagmatic and phrastic analysis, gives access to the attitude and the anchorage of the subject in relation to the object. The second level, which is explored by means of propositional analysis and ALCESTE software, gives access to the field of representation
Orne-Gliemann, Maud. "Des représentations de la gestion locale de l'eau : étude des discours et représentations à l'oeuvre dans la mise en place de la réforme institutionnelle de l'eau en Afrique du Sud au sein de petits périmètres irrigués." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700898.
Full textTall, Demba. "Le redoublement au post-primaire général public dans la région du Centre-Ouest du Burkina Faso : analyse des principales caractéristiques liées aux représentations sociales et aux modèles d’intervention éducative véhiculés par les personnels enseignants et les directions des écoles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9873.
Full textMinfegue, assouga Calvin. "Espaces transfrontaliers, territorialités et conflictualités en Afrique centrale : cas des bassins frontaliers Est et Sud du Cameroun." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH006.
Full textThis work makes the hypothesis that the potential for conflicts in some Cameroonian borderlands are (also) shaped by incompatibilities and divergences in the expression of territorialities in these spaces. Territorialities, understood in their socio-geographical sense in the wake of Raffestin's work, refer to representations, speeches (official and local) and practices that mediate the relationships between actors and spaces. This conception of territoriality finds fertile convergences with sociological and geographical works respectively oriented towards a renewed attention to banality and an interest in a "geography from below". Thus, these are plural forms of conflicts that can be observed with their socio-historical roots, their own movements and historicity and their connection to regional and global dynamics. The study of active and latent conflicts in the borderlands, with an entry privileging territoriality, also makes possible to present the complexity surrounding Cameroonian borders in the variety of its forms, the lability of its functions and the plasticity of its localization and situation.Two Cameroonian borderlands make possible such an analysis, namely Kye-Ossi in the South region and Garoua-Boulaï in the Eastern region. They are inserted in cross-border areas covering portions of territory in conflict (CAR) and territories where singular forms of insecurity formerly latent seem to emerge (Equatorial Guinea)
Arndt, Charlotte. "Chantiers du devenir en des espaces contraints : négociations postcoloniales dans les revues culturelles parisiennes portant sur l'Afrique (1947 à 2012)." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070099.
Full textThe dissertation examines five Paris-based cultural magazines relating to Africa, analysing their practices of decolonisation in the field of culture. My focus on this heterogeneous corpus (Présence Africaine; Peuples noirs, peuples africains; Revue noire; Lettre des musiques et des arts africains; Africultures) rests on the negotiations, subversions and continuations of postcolonial hegemonies in asymmetrical power relations. The dissertation investigates a long period (1947 to 2012) in order to highlight the reconfigurations and continuities of discursive and visual strategies elaborated in the magazines. The latter are conceived as prisms and forums of symbolic decolonisation practices. As regards content, three topics allow to trace the reconfigurations: attachment and place; cultural and artistic strategies; and representations of the African continent struggling with colonial divisions. Special attention is given to the form "magazine" as a specific media resulting in a fragmented and ongoing type of theory-production, as well as to the material aspect of the signifying practices that the magazines pursue. Participating in a transdisciplinary research practice, the dissertation contributes to the fragile field of postcolonial theory in France. I thereby aim at outlining a draft for an emancipatory cultural critique in the era of present time globalisation
Chillali, Anissa. "Aspects du romantisme berbère : étude du discours politique sur les Kabyles, 1830-1914." Lille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL30005.
Full textLeno, Sâa. "L'épisode africain dans 'Voyage au bout de la nuit' de Céline." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1008.
Full textThis study relates to the african episode of 'Voyage at the end of the night' of Céline. After a brief analysis of the african universe whe it lays a particular stress on nature, paludism and the space framework, il leads to the colonial society. It acts on this level, of an approach of the social strtification on Bambola-Bragamance. Shows that this colony was governed by a pyramidal structure energy of the Governon to the natives While passing through the soldiers, the civils servant and the tradesmen. Then, it puts forward the topic relating to colonialism, in particular the trade, approached in its forms official and cladestine, justicen the criticism of Catholic Church and the disintegration of the african traditions, before elucading the fiction and the reality in this episode. This study makes a bringing together between the experiments of Celine and the african adventure of the narrator and it leads to the report according to which it is about a transposition of the history lived by the author himself. The transposition is at the level of the references relatinf to the framwork of the account, with the route of the narrator, the african stay and onomastics used. Lastly, it makes a synthetic approach relating to the representation of Bambola-Bragamance, the human condition through this episode and the cincidence of the publication of 'Voyage at the end of the night' with the first steps of the movement of Negritude
Korankye, Priscilla. "Etude comparative des représentations des futurs enseignants et des enseignants débutants par rapport à leur formation professionnelle initiale en langues étrangères : le cas du Français au Ghana et de l'anglais au Togo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG033/document.
Full textThis research is founded in comparative education and studies the social representations of future and beginning foreign language teachers in Ghana against those in Togo with respect to their initial professional training. The study is inspired mainly by the theory of social representations, professionalization and by the concept of relationship to knowledge. Using a comprehensive approach of comparative education that focuses on understanding phenomena in their contexts, without intending a transfer of practices from one country to another, we seek to determine whether the available training programs prepare the subjects adequately toward acquisition of professional skills and career readiness. The study privileges hypothetic-deductive approach. Our empirical data consists of 40 semi-structured interviews of which 30 (15 from each country) collected from future teachers and 10 (5 from each country) from beginning teachers. The qualitative data is analyzed using content analysis. Results show that a majority of future and beginning teachers find their practical training insufficient and not career centered. In spite of this fact, contrary to the Ghanaian public, the Togolese public has positive representations in respect to their theoretical training and career readiness. The results equally reveal that there is a close relationship between teachers' profile prior to training and their representations as regards their training and their career readiness
Schwob, Valérie. "Savoir nager, une richesse culturelle : Analyse comparative de l’enseignement de la natation à Canton, Dakar et Paris." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05L002/document.
Full textOur study considers body technical transmission (Mauss, 1950, 366) in a context of sport practices globalization. After an initial empirical study of the swimming teaching in China, Senegal and France, we postulated the existence of cultural differences in representations playing a significant role in the training process. In Canton, Dakar and Paris, we established a comparative study of contexts both cultural (historical, sportive and traditional) and educative (pedagogical and didactic). We used a questionnaire as a base to apprehend swimmers representations in the three cities. Its statistical analysis was backed by qualitative data gathered from observations and interviews. We conclude that representations of water and swimming training differ among the studied populations. Therefore, this study calls for considering swimming in a local process of body technical transmission, blending a culture-specific part with globalized techniques
Bédouret, David. "Les espaces ruraux d’Afrique noire à travers la géographie scolaire : des représentations à l’espace symbolique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20097/document.
Full textThe rural areas of Tropical Africa are used by the geography applied at school to show misery and misfortune or to illustrate the diversity of the rural landscapes in the world and the dichotomy between North and South. Our thought falls under a postcolonial approach since it is a question of tracking the representations still anchored in colonial mythology and understanding their mechanism of inertia. The study of the school geography textbooks will enable us to enlighten the presence of exotico-colonial representations of the rural areas of Tropical Africa so that we can analyze them. The geography textbooks are the witnesses of a collective memory and shared representations. Their impact on the pupils and the teachers is considerable. These three actors, who make the class, form a representational and discursive community. The way knowledge is built, together with the importance of representations in the didactic process, will lead us to establish how the vision and the way one talks about a territory - even as far from us as Tropical Africa - are shaped. This vision and the way one talks about a territory is part of the development of space symbolic system. This concept can be defined like a superstructure through which the individuals and the societies develop their connections to the world, that is to say their geographicity, thus creating their own notions of territory, identity and otherness. Starting from representations, this concept allows us to observe the impact on the territories and to study their phenomenological and material dimensions, in fine to apprehend the Tropical Africa, its complexity and its movement
Benchekroun, Chafik Toum. "Images et connaissances de l'Occident chrétien au Maghreb médiéval." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20027.
Full textIt is difficult to refute the idea that a caricatural vision of the Christian West prevails in the medieval Maghreb, a vision that summarizes the Other with both general and stereotyped traits. In medieval times, Maghreb writers seem to struggle to differentiate the Christian powers from one another, often preferring to designate (what this thesis wants to call) the Mediterranean Other vaguely and remotely: "Romans", "Francs", "Christians", or more rarely "unbelievers". These appellations often appear to be thrown at random, and to be perfectly equivalent. But, although this impression is largely correct, some nuances may perhaps bring greater clarity to the state and degree of knowledge of the Other in the cultivated consciousness (in the Hegelian sense of expression) of the elite medieval Maghreb intellectuals. This other multisecular, pre-Islamic. Already, in 171, 540 years before 711, the Moors crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to attack Betic, pushed by a crop more than insufficient. Constituting a danger quite considered at the time. Already under Nero, the poet Calpurnius wrote: "trucibusque obnoxia Mauris pascua Geryonis". Although Islam comes to complete and anchor this gigantic psychological situation. The medieval Maghreb intellectual identity is based on a fantasized pre-Islamic period of Arabia of Muhammad. It must not be forgotten that Jews and Christians were simply expelled from Arabia after the death of Muhammad, for they would defile the homeland of the Prophet by their mere presence. This is a founding element of the traditional representation of Christians and Jews in the Land of Islam. This will influence the legal visions of the relations that can be undertaken between the Maghrebians and the Christian West. Thus many medieval Maghreb jurists will present as illicit trade between Maghrebians and Christians (of the West) being realized with Christian coins engraved with crosses, even engraved with Latin inscriptions quite simply. Even the relationship with the Other is therefore defined by the refusal of the Other. Because, the Christian West is Dār al-ḥarb (a land of war)
Aïgba, Sewanou Raymond. "Subjectivation par voie d'objectivation de l'eau chez les enfants d’Afrique subsaharienne : terrains mauritanien, sénégalais et togolais : développement subjectif des enfants de 4 à 7 ans envisagé sous le rapport à l'eau comme objet social." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20040/document.
Full textThis thesis is inspired by the work on the development of children growing up in disadvantaged living conditions (Zaouche Gaudron, 2005). It treats the subjectification of the African Sub-Saharan children in their relationship with water. In this study, subjectification is the process by which children produce their subjective uniqueness based on the relationship with objective realities in their environment (Malrieu, 2003). Our approach comes back to the classical question in psychology, about the Subject’s activity on the Object. The alternative of the objectification allows us to show that Objects are not only determining factors toward Subjects but, through social mediation, they could become Subjects themselves (Marx, 1867; Vygotsky, 1930; Wallon, 1945; Meyerson, 1948, Sève, 2008). The process of child subjectification does not refer directly to children activity, but to their social objectification, allowing them, through their relationship to objects, to become singulars subjects. Our study sample consists of 68 children, between 4 and 7 years old, who are living in the rural communities of Bogué and Bakel close to the river between Mauritania and Senegal as well as in the rural community of Tomè in Togo close to the river of Egbi. Our research has been based on semi-structured interviews targeting parents or significant adults, and figurative boards targeting children that allow, through water scenes, to be exploited as objectification of three successive phases: “natural” situation, concerted and retentive. Our main results show that when adults are involved in water objectification, through the concerted situation, water becomes a social object intervening in the relationship enabling children more and more to realize their subjectification. The relationship between suitable water and children's development proves that is irreducible to the impact of natural determinations, for example the areas where they live. However, our specific results for each community, highlight the disparities between them regarding to water. These results indicate that the necessary social implication in the relationship between the suitable water and the children development is yet to be built and developed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The obtained results allow to open up research perspectives and intervention areas regarding to the relationship between children and objects, notably those of basic needs for children living in disadvantaged environments
Mbouopda, David. "Regards d'écrivains français sur l'Afrique noire dans la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle : du néocolonialisme à la coopération." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20012.
Full textAt the edge of the XXIst century, the importance of "imagologie" in comparative literature cannot be ever emphasized. In fact the contact between France and Black Africa has been adversative, consecrating the dualistic Black/White as two singular and insurmountable entities. The representation of French writers on Black Africa try to make an appraisal of the last development of this situation on historical, social, cultural, political and economic plan. This brings out, in the second half of the XXth century, two cruel angles : the French look on Africa and that of Africa on the western world. It was based on conciliating, through a comparative study and an alterity block, the reflexion on motion such as : the north/south dialogue, neo-colonialism, sustainable development Franco-African cooperation; and the constitution of a positive knowledge on unpublished narrative space characterising the reception of black Africa in the imagination of the French. But it is a constellation of (various) diverse and current questions asked in varied forms detective, adventure learning, ethnology. And numerous themes, the mugger's wife, the African intelligentsia, the evolution of language and collective blindness
Nur, Goni Marian. "Réparer (avec) l'archive ? Histoires de photographies somalies et de leurs circulations (1890-2016)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0092/document.
Full textThis thesis traces the trajectories of some selected images, first taken of and then by Somali men and women from the Horn of Africa since the late 19th century to the present.Taken during ethnographic exhibitions of Somalis in Europe (of which this workproposes a detailed timeline since 1890) or commercial and political exploration missions to East Africa, these photographs have been both the medium and vector through which a certain knowledge has been produced and circulated concerning these people. This study undertakes, therefore, to examine the modes and contexts ofproduction, consumption and filiation of these "Somali images" in learned societies and popular newspapers in France.The study of the circulation and reappropriation of these historical images today on the Internet to serve contemporary purposes then leads to an analysis of how, in the digital era, a young, Internet-savvy generation from the Somali diaspora is now reclaiming its voice (raising questions about who can speak and how) through new website and blog projects, which attempt to establish (or mend?) an alternative Somali photographic archive. Thus, these projects both question the image of Somalia in the international media (an image associated, to a great extent, with famine, Islamic terrorism, piracy and "failed states") and offer new ways of preserving and transmitting other, often buried, memories of this country and its past before the civil war in the context of a certain "destruction of history".Finally, the third and last part of this study briefly revolves around photographicpractices observed in Djibouti during fieldwork from 2010 to 2012, here again with aparticular attention to the ways in which images are produced and conserved.This thesis raises the challenge of writing an on-going history that embraces itslacunae and voids – a feature that the researcher and the "subjects" of the research share – based on evolving material and digital fragments, in an attempt to highlight how their circulations profoundly affect their meanings and they ways in which we understand and make sense of them
King, Ariel. "The psycho-social support by local community members for traumatized children : a case study of Liberia, Botswana, and Morocco." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC028/document.
Full textThis contribution, which is part of a research-action carried out on different fields of investigation, proposes, in a comparative perspective, to examine the characteristics and the contribution of devices or programs of support and self-help implemented by African local communities to care for children who are victims of severe trauma, including orphaned, abuse and poverty, who are left to their own capabilities or who are vulnerable to maltreatment.Three countries, developing or emerging, serve as support for this argument: Botswana, facing deaths from AIDS and famine and drought; Liberia, bruised by civil war and its continued violence; Morocco, finally, with - in the background - the problem of precarity and the evolution of the status of women.Our approach, both quantitative and qualitative, is at the crossroads of social psychology and the sociology of representations and identities. The chosen methodology is based on a classical analysis in terms of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and blockages. Partnership relationships are also honored, as is the resource mobilization process, and resilience mechanisms
Velandia, Torres Carlos Roberto. "Les relations intergroupes entre les Français et les ressortissants d'Afrique subsaharienne francophone." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL016/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to update the identity changes and inter-categorical relational processes between Blacks and Whites, between Africans and Europeans on African migrants in Burgundy. We propose to understand migration as a process considering two elements: a) the temporality of the process and b) the space in which the various stages of migration take place. Our theoretical background is based on two major currents. The first one is the meta-theory of social identity, completed by the model of social partitions. The second one concerns some achievements of acculturation studies. A twofold methodology was used: firstly, the use of quantitative questionnaires, including the RepMut tool (diagnostic tool of inter-categorical relations) allowed us to highlight the underlying relations of psychological functioning mechanisms between Whites and Blacks, Natives and Migrants in our sample. Also, Interviews were carried out in order to complement and particularize the identified process with qualitative data and examples. The results allow us to consider the migration process as a multiple, variable and multidirectional phenomenon, on two axes: the geographic axis (return to the home country; migrate to a third country, or remain in the host country) and the time axis (now, in x time, after, one day, never). In the discussion a) The notions of family and African solidarity are further developed, b) the difference between the real and ideal plan are questioned in order to qualify the border between these two plans and c) the weight of multiple affiliations associated with multiple categorizations which can create an effect of "double jeopardy" are examined
Esta investigación busca actualizar los cambios de identidad y los procesos de relación intergrupales entre Negros y Blancos, entre Africanos y Europeos acerca de los Migrantes de Africa sub-sahariana en Borgoña. Proponemos entender la migración como un proceso, a partir de la consideración de dos elementos: a) la temporalidad del proceso, y b) el espacio en el que las diversas etapas de la migración se llevan a cabo. Teóricamente, nuestra reflexión se basa en dos corrientes principales. La primera es la meta-teoría de la identidad social, modelo enriquecido de la teoría de particiones sociales. La segunda se refiere a los avances de la aculturación. Metodológicamente, hemos establecido un programa mixto: en primer lugar, el uso de cuestionarios cuantitativos, incluyendo el instrumento RepMut (herramienta de diagnóstico de las relaciones entre categorías) el cual nos ha permitido resaltar los mecanismos de funcionamiento psicológico subyacente a las relaciones entre Blancos y Negros, entre Autóctonos y Migrantes en nuestra muestra. Igualmente, se utilizaron una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas que, gracias a su contenido y ejemplos, nos han permitido enriquecer y particularizar el proceso identificado. Los resultados permiten considerar el proceso de migración como un fenómeno múltiple, variable y multidireccional, en dos ejes: el primero geográfico (regresar al país de origen, migrar a un tercer país, permanecer en el país de acogida actual) el segundo temporal (ahora, en x tiempo, después de…, un día, nunca). En la discusión a) profundizamos los conceptos de familia y la solidaridad africana, b) interrogamos la diferencia entre el plano real y el plano ideal, matizando la frontera entre estos dos planos y c) cuestionamos el peso de múltiples afiliaciones asociadas con múltiples categorizaciones que puede crear un efecto de "doble pena"
Songnaba-Yameogo, Alice. "Le rapport "Homme - Eau" dans le milieu rural en Afrique Subsaharienne : Formes, pratiques et modes d'usage de l'eau potable introduite dans la commune de Koubri au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080112.
Full textPontzeele, Sophie. "Burundi 1972/Rwanda 1994 : l' "efficacité" dramatique d'une reconstruction idéologique du passé par la presse." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080905.
Full textEzembé, Ferdinand. "Représentations comparées de la relation thérapeutique : explication du processus de guérison en médecine moderne et en médecine traditionnelle par les médecins européens et les médecins africains." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100071.
Full textThe hypothesis of this research is that, in spite of their common scientific, medical cursus, African and European doctors have a different representation of the therapeutic relation. In other terms, their appreciation of the importance of cognitive, socio-emotional and behavior factors in the healing process in both modern and traditional medecine depends more on their social, cultural background than on rational medical ideology. The results show that European doctors give more importance to socio-emotional factors in the healing process in traditional medecine whereas African doctors emphasis on the importance of those factors in the healing process in modern medecine. We can conclude that we are in face of a crossed representation of a therapeutic relation
Bourdie, Annie. "Créations chorégraphiques d’Afrique francophone : systèmes de représentations et stratégies de reconnaissance en période contemporaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0006.
Full textContemporary choreographies from Africa have been crossed by social representations of dance, bodyand arts but they are also nurtured by the historical western gaze on Africa, on the “Black“, and on“his“ dance. Furthermore, the ambivalent relationships built for generations between France andAfrica have impacted these representations, including professional scenic dance.During the seventies, Léopold Sedar Senghar, driven by the ambition to promote arts in Africa throughthe concept of Negritude, proposed, with the french choreographer Maurice Béjart, a new artisticexperience called Mudra Afrique. This school was a training project about performing arts for Africandancers, nurtured by Senghor’s and Bejart’s representations, with the aim of “modernizing“ dance inAfrica. This project did not have the expected impact, even though the director of Mudra, GermaineAcogny, thanks to this school, has become one of the most influencial figure in the African dance, infrench-speaking area and beyond.Nevertheless, the explosive development of contemporary choreographies from Africa, since the1990s, is mainly due to the France’s foreign policy by redefining cultural cooperation with the Africancontinent. Its specific program called Afrique en Creations aimed to enable African artists to developtheir own contemporary expression. It contributed more specifically to the promotion of“contemporary African dance“ through the launch of biennial choreographic encounters in Africa. Bythis way, France reaffirmed the specific nature of its ties with Africa through arts and culture. Againstsuch a backdrop, when political and artistic expressions are closely related, how the artists dealt withthe dominant models? Could they move away from this established framework? Which strategies didthey adopt? And more specifically, what about the French-speaking choreographers?
Binot, Aurélie. "La conservation de la nature en Afrique centrale entre théorie et pratiques. Des espaces protégés à géométrie variable." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508990.
Full textNzamba, Sylvain. "La représentation politique du pouvoir et sa dérive dans l'oeuvre littéraire de Maxime N'Débéka." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30045.
Full textTitle: « The Political Representation of Power and its Drift in Literary Work by Maxime N’Débéka ». This thesis is a monographic study which explores the thematic of political power in six texts by the Congolese writer: Le Président (1982), Les Lendemains qui chantent (1983), Equatorium (1987), Vécus au miroir (1991), Le Diable à la longue queue (2000) et Sel-piment à la braise (2003). After having presented the various analytical categories of the selected “duchetian” socio-critical method, this dissertation highlights a literary analysis of political power by taking into account a certain number of cultural, sociological and psychological factors which in one way or another influence its perception and management within a geographical space and institutional framework representative of Sub-Saharan Africa. By putting forward the typological differences as well as the trajectories borrowed by the “Fathers of independences” and the “Guides of the revolution” in order to ascend to power, this thesis shows how, after officially achieving independence from colonial rule, African political “elites” very often driven by the lure of gain and the appropriation of privileges have set up authoritarian and mind-numbing political regimes which led them to drift
Brisville, Marianne. "L'alimentation carnée dans l'Occident islamique médiéval : productions, consommations et représentations." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2119.
Full textFood is at a crossroads of various fields: economical, social, cultural, religious, material, and environmental. This characteristic is heightened in the case of meat because of its modalities of production, consumption, and representation. Being a source of tensions and ambiguities, of desire and disgust, animal flesh goes through multiple processes leading from the procurement the “raw material” to its consumption as an aliment, which appears as an eminently cultural construction made by material techniques. The historiography has traditionally characterized meat as an aliment being rare, expensive, and mainly, or even, only consumed by the elites. While this vision for the Medieval Christian West has been nuanced and pondered since, it is all the more fundamental to question the traditional image of a rare and expensive aliment for the Medieval Islamic West, by the confrontation of the textual and the archæological data available for this space. All the discourses provided by the Arabic sources—culinary, dietetic, and juridical ones—are unanimous in the valorisation of meat, by means of a large spectrum of arguments that associate the material, socio-economic, socio-cultural, and symbolic dimensions. However, confronting the textual and archæozoological data leads to consider three major parameters, which are the quantity, the quality, and the frequency of the consumption of this particular commodity. Moreover, it is crucial to apprehend, socio-economically and socio-culturally, all the strata of the population of al-Andalus and of the Medieval Maghreb, in order to perceive how far seasonality represented a major issue in the supply and the consumption of meat
Schwob, Valérie. "Savoir nager, une richesse culturelle : Analyse comparative de l'enseignement de la natation à Canton, Dakar et Paris." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00748849.
Full textQuiquerez-Finkel, Isabelle. "Représentations et stratégies juridiques de migrants d'afrique noire en région parisienne et à Montréal." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010279.
Full textBoudedja, Karima. "Les acteurs et le développement local : outils et représentations. Cas des territoires ruraux au Maghreb." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979692.
Full textRoger, Aurélie. "Pratiques politiques du mythe : la représentation officielle du fait colonial belge aux expositions universelles et internationales en Belgique : (1897-1958)." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00324529.
Full textLandau, Gallaye Joachim. "Les impacts de la démocratisation sur un secteur culturel : le cinéma sud-africain post-apartheid." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881078.
Full textPeigné, Céline. ""Une contextualisation du français dans la pluralité sud-africaine, approche sociolinguistique et didactique"." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565537.
Full textNgar-Odjilo, Marabe. "Voyages et voyageurs dans le bassin du Tchad : aux marges du tourisme." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961172.
Full textMayrargue, Cédric. "Dynamiques religieuses et démocratisation au Bénin : pentecôtisme et formation d'un espace public." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298180.
Full textLa période de transition démocratique a été accompagnée d'un retour du religieux dans l'espace public, perceptible en particulier, au-delà de l'intervention d'acteurs précis, au niveau de la diffusion d'un imaginaire offrant une lecture en termes religieux de ces transformations. C'est dans ce contexte que l'on assiste à l'expansion de mouvements chrétiens pentecôtistes dans l'espace urbain. A travers l'étude des logiques de diffusion des Églises, des trajectoires individuelles de convertis et des mécanismes de construction communautaire, c'est la dimension moderne du phénomène, et sa capacité à médiatiser des changements sociaux, qui sera soulignée. Les dynamiques religieuses sont ensuite mises en relation avec le processus de changement politique, autour d'une réflexion sur la formation d'un espace public. On s'intéressera aux effets différenciés d'une même expression religieuse en fonction des significations qu'en donnent et des usages qu'en font différents acteurs, et en particulier les convertis.
Est ainsi privilégiée une lecture qui, en tenant compte de la diversité, de la fluidité et de la mobilité qui caractérisent ces nouveautés religieuses, insiste sur les conséquences ambivalentes, paradoxales ou involontaires, de l'expansion pentecôtiste sur le processus politique.
Feussi, Valentin. "Une construction du français à Douala-Cameroun." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00384974.
Full textSur le plan méthodologique, la production d'observables s'est effectuée par des techniques classiques dans les sciences humaines et sociales, mais avec des adaptations pour le terrain : la participation observante, l'entretien compréhensif, des corpus non sollicités, mais aussi et surtout un travail sur l'expérience du terrain des acteurs de la recherche (enquêteur et témoins). Cette ouverture a permis de comprendre qu'il ne fallait pas s'accrocher à une démarche prédéfinie. Les approches ethnosociolinguistique et interprétiviste, nous sont alors apparues comme des démarches constructivistes, qui ont conduit à une dimension réflexive, grâce à la récursivité de la connaissance construite entre enquêteur, témoins et contextes de la recherche.
Se basant sur l'acceptation mutuelle des différents acteurs sociaux comme mode de vie, ce travail a revisité les concepts de norme et de communauté linguistique, et les a considérés comme des pratiques contextuelles. Le français dans ce cadre est apparu comme un ensemble de constructions représentationnelles (francanglais, bon français, « français personnalisé », mauvais français, français du quartier, français des enfants ou des apprenants). Les formes reconnues et privilégiées comme du français ou bien une autre langue, ont une pertinence contextuelle. Différents acteurs sont ainsi d'accord même sur les points de désaccord. Dans cette alchimie, le français du quartier, qui se présente dans la société doualaise, comme une pratique caractéristique à la fois de l'ouverture et du clivage social dans les rapports à autrui. Une des implications linguistiques de ces pratiques est l'ensemble des efforts pour l'appropriation du français qui, en étant la langue de jure, se présente comme un capital symbolique. Il donne du pouvoir, et permet d'accéder aux ressources rattachées au pouvoir. Parler français à Douala revient donc à revendiquer le pouvoir symbolique, c'est vouloir imposer SON français dans un contexte interactif, puisque LE français en soi n'existe pas. Il est simplement une langue en construction.
Le point essentiel à retenir de cette étude est que si la langue reste une construction sociale, la démarche pour y accéder ne peut occulter la contextualisation, avec les conséquences qui en découlent.
Mapto, Kengne Valèse. "Les filles sur le chemin de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique subsaharienne : analyse de leurs trajectoires, représentations sociales de l’école et résilience à travers leurs récits biographiques." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5211.
Full textSchooling, education and training are a necessity as well as a constraint for the evolution of developing countries, because sustainable development requires access to modern and technological knowledge and culture. The aim of our research is to discover the factual experience of the schooling of girls in Sub-Saharan Africa, through an analysis of their biographical narratives. This doctoral dissertation addresses three questions concerning the higher education of girls in Sub-Saharan Africa: (1) What trajectories do Sub-Saharan girls follow to become university students? (2) What role do Sub-Saharan girls' social representations and resilience play in attaining higher education? (3) On the basis of biographical narratives provided by Sub-Saharan girl university students, what factors, risk or protective, seem determinant to succeed in reaching higher education? To answer these questions, we gathered a corpus of 23 biographical narratives. The content analysis of these narratives was carried out with the aid of Alceste, a software program for the analysis of textual data. Alceste processed each word in the 23 narratives, and then executed a factor analysis of these words. The advantage of this method is to allow the researcher to uncover hidden dimensions within the mass of data analyzed. Three classes of words emerged from this factor analysis. The three classes were cross-tabulated with the 23 respondents. The result of the cross-tabulation revealed three types of resilient girl university students, according to their schooling trajectory: the fighter, the assisted and the heiress. On the basis of: (a) the girl students' narratives, (b) the three classes produced by software program Alceste, and (c) the cross-tabulations, we draw three typical portraits of the girl students. The trajectory of each type of student involves an interaction of various sociological and individual variables: socio-economic background, family environment, rural-urban context, age, obstacles, failures, grade repeatings, success. The schooling of girls increases more rapidly in urban areas than in rural areas. For the fighters, schooling is experienced through sacrifice, suffering and helplessness. For the assisted, it moves forward thanks to contacts and timely networking. For the heiresses, it starts in early childhood and progresses rapidly. In their narratives, the informants use words that express disparities, variations, dynamics and detours in their schooling trajectories. Contexts, locations, events, age and family affect the trajectories in various ways. Common to all girls, though, is the motivation to attain higher education. Early access to schooling, which is found in the cities rather than in rural areas, is among the protective factors that contribute most to the schooling of girls at the university level. Another factor of utmost importance is parents’ schooling: highly educated parents have better chances to see their daughters, heiresses, persevere in their studies. Among fighters and assisted, individual protective factors are decisive: with little or no financial means or familial support, these girls need to manage on their own and conceive novel solutions in order to overcome adversity. We note, in particular, the courage and battling spirit of the fighters, and the help and support provided by a network to the assisted. However, the effect of all these factors is not the same in the various familial, social and institutional contexts. Beyond what we have shed light on concerning the fighters, the assisted and the heiresses, much remains to be discovered concerning the schooling and educational perseverance of girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the Jomtien Conference in 1990, various mobilizations have borne fruit, as they facilitated girls’ access to school. Our research on girl university students in Sub-Saharan Africa shows that all of these girls display resilience and that the means and solutions to attain higher education are specific to each girl.
Les graphiques ont été réalisés avec le logiciel Alceste.
Sene, Amsata. "LES STRUCTURES ANTHROPOLOGIQUES DE L'IMAGINAIRE EN AFRIQUE NOIRE TRADITIONNELLEOU VERS UNE ARCHETYPOLOGIE DES CONCEPTS DE PRATIQUES RITUELLES ET DE REPRESENTATIONS SOCIALES." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174865.
Full textD'UNE PART, NOUS AVONS ĖTUDIĖ COMMENT CONCEVOIR UNE HOMOGENĖITĖ DES CULTURES AFRICAINES ET EXPLIQUER A LA FOIS LA DIVERSITĖ DE LEURS PRODUCTIONS, AU DOUBLE SENS DU MYTHE ET DU RITE.
D'AUTRE PART, NOUS AVONS CHERCHĖ A PRODUIRE UN REPERTOIRE DE L'IMAGINAIRE NEGRO-AFRICAIN A PARTIR D'UNE ĖXEGÈSE ANTHROPO-SOCIOLOGIQUE DES CONCEPTS DE PRATIQUES RITUELLES ET DE REPRĖSENTATIONS SOCIALES.
Ayotte-Beaudet, Jean-Philippe. "Situation actuelle de l'éducation relative à l'environnement dans l'enseignement secondaire en République du Bénin." Mémoire, 2013. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5752/1/M13002.pdf.
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