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Journal articles on the topic 'Representative Samples'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Akinniyi, Alaba Joseph, and Eneji Ademoh Sanni. "An Examination of Representative Sample in Data-Based Research." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJASS/2017/33069.

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The output of any research work depends, to a reasonable extent, on the adequacy of the sample from which data are obtained for the research. A sample is adequate when it is representative of the population or when it possesses the characteristics that are typical of the population from which it is drawn. The focus of this paper is on how researchers can select samples that are really representatives. Descriptive method was utilized in the writing of the paper. Attempts are made, in the paper, to describe the concepts of sample representativeness, sampling methods and sampling error. Some sugg

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2

Grafström, Anton, and Lina Schelin. "How to Select Representative Samples." Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 41, no. 2 (2013): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjos.12016.

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Sekhar, Megan, and Alison Dugan. "Collect Representative : Distribution System Samples." Opflow 35, no. 1 (2009): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2009.tb02964.x.

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4

McCarty, C., H. R. Bernard, P. D. Killworth, G. A. Shelley, and E. C. Johnsen. "Eliciting representative samples of personal networks." Social Networks 19, no. 4 (1997): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8733(96)00302-4.

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Wales, Jackie A., Robert L. Palmer, and Christopher G. Fairburn. "Can treatment trial samples be representative?" Behaviour Research and Therapy 47, no. 10 (2009): 893–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.019.

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Foets, Jasper, Carlos E. Wetzel, Núria Martínez-Carreras, Adriaan J. Teuling, Jean-François Iffly, and Laurent Pfister. "Technical note: A time-integrated sediment trap to sample diatoms for hydrological tracing." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 10 (2020): 4709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4709-2020.

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Abstract. Diatoms, microscopic single-celled algae, are present in almost all habitats containing water (e.g. streams, lakes, soil and rocks). In the terrestrial environment, their diversified species distributions are mainly controlled by physiographical factors and anthropic disturbances which makes them useful tracers in catchment hydrology. In their use as a tracer, diatoms are generally sampled in streams by means of an automated sampling method; as a result, many samples must be collected to cover a whole storm run-off event. As diatom analysis is labour-intensive, a trade-off has to be

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An, Yiming, Lin Yang, A.-Xing Zhu, Chengzhi Qin, and JingJing Shi. "Identification of representative samples from existing samples for digital soil mapping." Geoderma 311 (February 2018): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.03.014.

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8

Krokoff, Lowell J. "Recruiting Representative Samples for Marital Interaction Research." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 4, no. 3 (1987): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026540758700400305.

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Kovacs, Thomas, and Katya Hill. "Language Samples From Children Who Use Speech-Generating Devices: Making Sense of Small Samples and Utterance Length." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 3 (2017): 939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0114.

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Purpose Mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLUm) is underreported in people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). MLUm is difficult to measure in people who use AAC because of 2 challenges described in literature: the challenge of small language samples (difficulty collecting representative samples) and the challenge of transcribing short utterances (difficulty transcribing 1-morpheme utterances). We tested solutions to both challenges in a corpus of language samples from children who use speech-generating devices. Method The first challenge was addressed by adjusting t

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Liu, Zun-xiong, Zhi-qiang Huang, and Heng Zhang. "A Novel Face Recognition Approach Based on Two-Step Test Sample Representation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/895051.

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The two-step test sample representation method is proposed for face recognition. It first identifiesk“representative” samples from each category training samples for the test sample then produces a weighted sum of all the “representative” samples that well approximates the test sample. This method assigns the test sample to the class whose training samples have the smallest deviation from the test sample. As the method proposed in this paper is able to reduce the side-effect of the other training samples that are very “far” from the test sample on the recognition decision of the test sample, t

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CLARKE, TIMOTHY, SIMON-PETER ANDREWS, PETER J. MOATE, CARMEL A. POLLINO, and WERNER L. SCHMIDT. "Evaluation of low cost in-line milk samplers for estimating individual cow somatic cell counts." Journal of Dairy Research 64, no. 1 (1997): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029996002014.

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The Dairy Herd Improvement Fund of Victoria recently identified a requirement for a simple and inexpensive in-line sampler to enable dairy farmers to collect representative milk samples for counting somatic cells. We found that the currently available simple in-line milk samplers, when connected to standard 35 ml collection vessels, terminate sampling early in a milking, and thus provide samples that are unrepresentative of the whole milking. We showed that cell count during a milking varies greatly, tending to be high for the first 1–2 l. Analyses of resulting samples will thus tend to overes

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12

Shaver, Lance Garrett, Ahmed Khawer, Yanqing Yi, et al. "Using Facebook Advertising to Recruit Representative Samples: Feasibility Assessment of a Cross-Sectional Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 8 (2019): e14021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14021.

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Background Facebook has shown promise as an economical means of recruiting participants for health research. However, few studies have evaluated this recruitment method in Canada, fewer still targeting older adults, and, to our knowledge, none specifically in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Objective This study aimed to assess Facebook advertising as an economical means of recruiting a representative sample of adults aged 35 to 74 years in NL for a cross-sectional health survey. Methods Facebook advertising was used to recruit for a Web-based survey on cancer awareness and prevention during Ap

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Elmfeldt, Dag, Claes Wilhelmsson, Anders Vedin, Gösta Tibblin, and Lars Wilhelmsen. "Characteristics of Representative Male Survivors of Myocardial Infarction Compared with Representative Population Samples." Acta Medica Scandinavica 199, no. 1-6 (2009): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb06754.x.

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Penn, Jerrod M., Daniel R. Petrolia, and J. Matthew Fannin. "Hypothetical bias mitigation in representative and convenience samples." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 45, no. 2 (2023): 721–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13374.

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15

Tung, Laura H., and Carl Kingsford. "Practical selection of representative sets of RNA-seq samples using a hierarchical approach." Bioinformatics 37, Supplement_1 (2021): i334—i341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btab315.

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Abstract Motivation Despite numerous RNA-seq samples available at large databases, most RNA-seq analysis tools are evaluated on a limited number of RNA-seq samples. This drives a need for methods to select a representative subset from all available RNA-seq samples to facilitate comprehensive, unbiased evaluation of bioinformatics tools. In sequence-based approaches for representative set selection (e.g. a k-mer counting approach that selects a subset based on k-mer similarities between RNA-seq samples), because of the large numbers of available RNA-seq samples and of k-mers/sequences in each s

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Fouad, Ahmed M., Mohamed Saleh, and Amir F. Atiya. "A Novel Quota Sampling Algorithm for Generating Representative Random Samples given Small Sample Size." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 2, no. 1 (2013): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2013010105.

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In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed for sampling from discrete probability distributions using the probability proportional to size sampling method, which is a special case of Quota sampling method. The motivation for this study is to devise an efficient sampling algorithm that can be used in stochastic optimization problems -- when there is a need to minimize the sample size. Several experiments have been conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with two widely used sample generation methods, the Monte Carlo using inverse transform, and quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms. The proposed a

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Bong, Charles Hin Joo. "Statistical Analysis and Determination of Representative Size for Sediment in Malaysian Urban Drains." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 5, no. 2 (2018): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.950.2018.

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This paper highlights the statistical analysis done on sediment samples collected from concrete drains in Malaysian major urban areas in order to understand the characteristics of the sediment and also to determine the suitable representative grain size. Samples were collected from 12 urban areas in Peninsular Malaysia and 3 urban areas in East Malaysia and subjected to sieve analysis. Sieve analysis results had shown that the major component of the collected sediment samples was sand with a mean value of 72.2%, followed by gravel with a mean of 24.7% and silt and clay with a mean of 3.1%. Sam

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Yang, Kai, Yi Cai, Zhiwei Cai, Haoran Xie, Tak-Lam Wong, and Wai Hong Chan. "Top K representative: a method to select representative samples based on K nearest neighbors." International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics 10, no. 8 (2017): 2119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13042-017-0755-8.

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Sidor, Jan, and Marcin Nawrocki. "Systems of grained materials automated sampling from belt conveyors." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 1 (2019): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0037.

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Abstract The collection of representative samples of grained materials is necessary to determine the quality parameters of this material. This operation is carried out in difficult conditions (dustiness, noise, atmospheric precipitation), which is a nuisance to the staff taking samples and adversely affects accuracy. In addition, the quality of representative samples is affected by the care of personnel. Therefore, to ensure a higher quality of sampling operations and to eliminate the work of people in difficult conditions, systems have been developed for the automatic collection of representa

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Pernice, Regina E., Reidar Ommundsen, Kees Van Der Veer, and Knud Larsen. "On use of Student Samples for Scale Construction." Psychological Reports 102, no. 2 (2008): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.2.459-464.

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This research note responds to the question of whether a convenience sample of undergraduate students may be successfully utilized in concept development and in scale construction, and in what way the results are comparable to the findings of a representative national sample. The results of a Mokken analysis in both samples support the hypothesis that convenience samples have utility in concept development and in developing measures that can also be used in representative samples.

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21

Valentijn, Edwin A. "The opacities of spiral galaxies using volume-representative samples." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 266, no. 3 (1994): 614–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/266.3.614.

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22

Puls, Robert W., and Robert M. Powell. "Acquisition of Representative Ground Water Quality Samples for Metals." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 12, no. 3 (1992): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1992.tb00057.x.

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23

Salem, Omar A. M., and Liwei Wang. "Fuzzy Mutual Information Feature Selection Based on Representative Samples." International Journal of Software Innovation 6, no. 1 (2018): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2018010105.

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Building classification models from real-world datasets became a difficult task, especially in datasets with high dimensional features. Unfortunately, these datasets may include irrelevant or redundant features which have a negative effect on the classification performance. Selecting the significant features and eliminating undesirable features can improve the classification models. Fuzzy mutual information is widely used feature selection to find the best feature subset before classification process. However, it requires more computation and storage space. To overcome these limitations, this

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24

Wen, Jiajun. "Appearance-based representative samples refining method for palmprint recognition." Optical Engineering 51, no. 7 (2012): 077203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.51.7.077203.

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25

Long, Marilee, Michael D. Slater, Greg Boiarsky, Linda Stapel, and Thomas Keefe. "Obtaining Nationally Representative Samples of Local News Media Outlets." Mass Communication and Society 8, no. 4 (2005): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0804_2.

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Kim, HyunMyung, Daisik Nam, and Seung Hoon Cheon. "Determination of Representative Path Set from Vehicle Trajectory Samples." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 30, no. 4 (2016): 04015052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000528.

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Breuleux, Olivier, Yoshua Bengio, and Pascal Vincent. "Quickly Generating Representative Samples from an RBM-Derived Process." Neural Computation 23, no. 8 (2011): 2058–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00158.

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Two recently proposed learning algorithms, herding and fast persistent contrastive divergence (FPCD), share the following interesting characteristic: they exploit changes in the model parameters while sampling in order to escape modes and mix better during the sampling process that is part of the learning algorithm. We justify such approaches as ways to escape modes while keeping approximately the same asymptotic distribution of the Markov chain. In that spirit, we extend FPCD using an idea borrowed from Herding in order to obtain a pure sampling algorithm, which we call the rates-FPCD sampler

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Velicer, W. F., J. L. Fava, J. O. Prochaska, D. B. Abrams, K. M. Emmons, and J. P. Pierce. "Distribution of Smokers by Stage in Three Representative Samples." Preventive Medicine 24, no. 4 (1995): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1995.1065.

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29

Rosati, Ted C., Jeffrey R. Johansen, and Miles M. Coburn. "Cyprinid fishes as samplers of benthic diatom communities in freshwater streams of varying water quality." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 2 (2003): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-004.

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The diatom composition of natural substrates in streams of different water qualities was compared among samples collected by researchers and samples collected from the intestine contents of three species of Cyprinid fishes: Campostoma anomalum, Pimephales notatus, and Semotilus atromaculatus. Campostoma and Pimephales were found to be robust samplers that efficiently collected diverse, representative diatom samples. Semotilus were adequate diatom samplers but collected the most diverse samples. In no instance were water-quality indices calculated from Pimephales samples significantly different

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Rudolph, Jacqueline E., Yongqi Zhong, Priya Duggal, Shruti H. Mehta, and Bryan Lau. "Defining representativeness of study samples in medical and population health research." BMJ Medicine 2, no. 1 (2023): e000399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000399.

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Medical and population health science researchers frequently make ambiguous statements about whether they believe their study sample or results are representative of some (implicit or explicit) target population. This article provides a comprehensive definition of representativeness, with the goal of capturing the different ways in which a study can be representative of a target population. It is proposed that a study is representative if the estimate obtained in the study sample is generalisable to the target population (owing to representative sampling, estimation of stratum specific effects

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Brown, Joshua D., Pratik A. Doshi, and Jeffery C. Talbert. "Utilization of free medication samples in the United States in a nationally representative sample: 2009–2013." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 13, no. 1 (2017): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.01.006.

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Kuczkiewicz-Siemion, Olga, Monika Prochorec-Sobieszek, Maciej Rysz, Aneta Wojnowska, and Monika Durzyńska. "Small Biopsy Samples: Are They Representative for Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma?" Diagnostics 12, no. 10 (2022): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102528.

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(1) Background: Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a rare low-grade neoplasm of the sinonasal tract. It is characterized by specific PAX3 gene rearrangements and both myogenic and neural differentiation. The purpose of the study was to describe the histologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of BSNS and indicate important clues for small incisional biopsy diagnostics. (2) Methods: Archival samples from patients with nasal cavities or ethmoid sinuses tumors were searched for BSNS cases. Inclusion criteria were the presence of spindle cell morphology and low-grade appearance. Bo

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Maksic, M., and I. Papic. "Analysis of Flicker Propagation With Representative Samples of Network Voltage." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 26, no. 3 (2011): 2066–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2011.2123474.

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Clay, David E., Newell Kitchen, C. Gregg Carlson, Jon L. Kleinjan, and William A. Tjentland. "Collecting Representative Soil Samples for N and P Fertilizer Recommendations." Crop Management 1, no. 1 (2002): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cm-2002-1216-01-ma.

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Wang, Jia, Yuanping Cheng, Chenghao Wang, Minghao Yi, Xiaoxi Cheng, and Liang Wang. "Post-outburst coal pulverization: Experimental insights with representative accident samples." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 46, no. 1 (2024): 11413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2024.2387829.

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Young, D. R., A. L. Dunn, E. J. Stone, et al. "COMMUNITY-BASED EXERCISE TRIALS: THE CHALLENGE OF RECRUITING REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (1998): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-01015.

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37

Xu, Peng, and Haisong Xu. "Filter selection based on representative training samples for multispectral imaging." Optik 127, no. 20 (2016): 9743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.07.061.

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Philip, G. M., and D. F. Watson. "Determining the representative composition of a set of sandstone samples." Geological Magazine 125, no. 3 (1988): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800010207.

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AbstractThe description of sandstone samples, defined by three components, is introduced through non-parametric sample density description. The composition of a particular sample defines a direction from the origin of the Cartesian reference frame. Radial difference between individual samples then provides the measure of their similarity. A sample set can be viewed as a bundle of compositional axes with a corresponding density distribution on both the ternary diagram (or unit constant sum plane) and the positive octant of the unit sphere. Because radial differences are disproportionately displ

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Wang, Zheng, and Jieping Ye. "Querying Discriminative and Representative Samples for Batch Mode Active Learning." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 9, no. 3 (2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2700408.

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Toro, Paul A., Susan M. Wolfe, Charles W. Bellavia, et al. "Obtaining representative samples of homeless persons: A two-city study." Journal of Community Psychology 27, no. 2 (1999): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199903)27:2<157::aid-jcop4>3.0.co;2-2.

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Broman-Fulks, Joshua J., Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Bradley A. Green, et al. "Taxometric Investigation of PTSD: Data From Two Nationally Representative Samples." Behavior Therapy 37, no. 4 (2006): 364–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.02.006.

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Deng, Hongying, Jialiang Zhu, Xintian Li, and Yi Liu. "Exploring representative samples for modeling of wave buoy motion behavior." Ocean Engineering 298 (April 2024): 117259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.117259.

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Guilbert, Eric. "Studying canopy arthropods in New Caledonia: how to obtain a representative sample." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 5 (1998): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000467.

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Canopy arthropods were sampled by insecticide fogging to study their community structure in two New Caledonian primary rain forests. The representativeness of these samples was analysed by two different methods: the diversity-area relationship and the relationship between the distribution of the taxa and the sample size, using Pielou's method. The results showed that the higher the degree of aggregation, the higher must be the minimum sample size to ensure a stable distribution. In the same way, the higher the diversity index, the higher must be the sample size to ensure a representative sampl

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Vitriol, Joseph A., Erik Gahner Larsen, and Steven G. Ludeke. "The Generalizability of Personality Effects in Politics." European Journal of Personality 33, no. 6 (2019): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2222.

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A burgeoning line of research examining the relation between personality traits and political variables relies extensively on convenience samples. However, our understanding of the extent to which using convenience samples challenges the generalizability of these findings to target populations remains limited. We address this question by testing whether associations between personality and political characteristics observed in representative samples diverged from those observed in the sub–populations most commonly studied in convenience samples, namely, students and Internet users. We leverage

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Brandis, Kate J., Roxane J. Francis, Kyle J. A. Zawada, Chris D. Hasselerharm, and Daniel Ramp. "Advancing the application of pXRF for animal samples." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0297830. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297830.

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Portable x-ray fluorescent (pXRF) technology provides significant opportunities for rapid, non-destructive data collection in a range of fields of study. However, there are sources of variation and sample assumptions that may influence the data obtained, particularly in animal samples. We used representative species for four taxa (fish, mammals, birds, reptiles) to test the precision of replicate scans, and the impact of sample thickness, sample state, scan location and scan time on data obtained from a pXRF. We detected some significant differences in concentration data due to sample state, s

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McElhinney, C., M. Danaher, J. Grant, C. T. Elliott, and P. O’Kiely. "Variation associated with sampling bale or pit silage for mycotoxins and conventional chemical characteristics." World Mycotoxin Journal 9, no. 3 (2016): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2015.1964.

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Mycotoxins are heterogeneously distributed analytes such that obtaining a representative sample of silage for analysis can be highly challenging. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify the variability in mycotoxin concentrations, nutritional value characteristics and fermentation characteristics when 20 cores were taken from individual next-to-be-fed silage bales and five cores were taken from the next-to-be-fed section of the feed face of pit silages, (2) compare the values obtained from intensive sampling of the silage after simulated feed-out to values obtained by the above ment

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Yao, Xiang, Hong Yan Hu, and Jiang Yong Li. "User Knowledge Acquisition Research for Automotive Design." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2956.

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The paper makes automotive design as a carrier, and uses the methods of user research and statistical analysis; so as to reduce the dimension of automotive design image words and reduce redundant information interference, then obtains the representation of vocabulary and representative car samples of automotive-styling design, to make automotive design more effective.

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Li, Zi-Qi, Jun Sun, Xiao-Jun Wu, and He-Feng Yin. "Score level fusion in representation-based classification method for face recognition." Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology 14 (January 2020): 174830262093094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748302620930943.

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Recent years have witnessed the success of representation-based classification method (RBCM) in the domain of face recognition. Collaborative representation-based classification (CRC) and linear regression-based classification (LRC) are two representative approaches. CRC is a global representation method which uses all training samples to represent test samples and utilizes representation residuals to perform classification, whereas LRC is a local representation method which exploits training samples from each class to represent test samples. Related researches indicate that the combination of

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Roca, Alfred, Nicholas Georgiadis, and Stephen O'Brien. "African elephant genetics: request for samples." Pachyderm 33 (December 30, 2002): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v33i1.1117.

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Reviews ongoing research focused in a continent-wide genetic survey of African elephant conducted under the aegis of the Laboratory of Genomic Diversity in Maryland, USA and Mpala Research Centre in Nanyuki, Kenya. References published data, notes the geographic locations from which samples have orginated thus far, and the areas from which representative data is lacking. Requests additional samples and outlines the format under which samples of tissue (including muscle, organs and skin), blood and dung should be taken and where to send them.

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Haider, R., and S. Haider. "Overestimated COD values for raw wastewaters extracted by vacuum sampling devices due to sedimentation effects." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 12 (1998): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0554.

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Automatic vacuum sampling devices are frequently used to obtain representative samples of raw wastewaters. As a relatively high frequency of sampling is desired to cover the full range of load fluctuations and the volume of a composite sample is generally limited, the volume used from each sampling event is significantly less than that actually extracted by the sampler. On 5 different wastewater treatment plants the authors have found that the COD concentration in the sample volume used for analyses was significantly higher than that in the sample volume wasted by the vacuum sampler. It is hyp

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