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Vaskivuo, T. (Tommi). "Regulation of apoptosis in the female reproductive system." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266676.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed mechanism for a multicellular organism to remove cells that are unnecessary, or potentially harmful. The female reproductive system is characterised by a high rate of cellular proliferation. At the same time, apoptosis is also abundant during the normal physiological function of the ovary and endometrium. More than half of the 7 million oocytes that are produced during human ovarian development are deleted before birth and only about 400 oocytes reach the stage of ovulation during the female fertile lifespan. The fate of the non-ovulatory follicles is atresia, occurring through the mechanism of apoptosis. The endometrium goes through radical renewal processes during each menstrual cycle. Apoptosis has been suggested to participate in the regulation of endometrial cellular homeostasis. Errors in this mechanism can result in endometrial diseases such as hyperplasia and cancer. In this work, apoptosis and its regulation were studied in the human fetal and adult ovary, normal endometrium and endometrial pathologies.
In fetal ovaries, apoptosis was already abundantly present in oocytes at 13 weeks of gestation. The maximum rate of apoptosis was seen between the 14th and 20th weeks, after which apoptosis decreased towards term. Ovarian Bcl-2 expression was detected in early fetal life during weeks 13 and 14. Bax expression was observed throughout the studied period, from week 13 to 40. The expression of transcription factor GATA-4, which is linked to follicular survival, was localised to the granulosa cells and was high in early fetal life and decreased somewhat towards term. In adult life apoptosis was located in the granulosa cells of the growing follicles. In ovarian biopsies from women homozygous for the inactivating C566T mutation of the FSH receptor, apoptosis or GATA-4 expression was not detected. During corpus luteum regression a peak in apoptosis was detected 10 - 12 days after the LH surge, and was preceded by an increase in 17HSD type 1 and TNF-α expression. During normal menstrual cycles, the highest rate of apoptosis was observed in the menstrual endometrium. This increase in apoptosis was preceded by a decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In endometrial hyperplasia, the rate of apoptosis was similar to that seen during normal proliferation of the endometrium, but an apparent increase was observed in grade II endometrial carcinoma. In grade III carcinoma, the rate of apoptosis was lower than in grade II carcinoma but higher than in hyperplasia.
These results indicate that apoptosis is the mechanism behind the substantial oocyte demise during ovarian development. During adult life, apoptosis was mainly localised to the granulosa cells of the growing follicles which do not reach the stage of a dominant follicle. In ovaries where FSH action is abolished, folliculogenesis was impaired and ovarian apoptosis was negligible. Apoptosis is also the underlying mechanism of corpus luteum regression. In the endometrium, apoptosis has a role in rejuvenating the endometrium for growth during the next endometrial cycle and in regulating cellular homeostasis.
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Bodelsson, Gunilla. "Endothelial and adrenergic vascular mechanisms in the female reproductive system." Malmö : Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Lund, Malmoe University Hospital, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38161037.html.
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Roberts, J. E. "Schistosoma mansoni : studies on the development of the female reproductive system." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376444.
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The work presented in this thesis consists of an investigation into the development of the female reproductive system of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Worms were examined both under the light and electron microscopes, at all ages from 20 to 70 days post-infection. An investigation was also carried out into the various factors which affect the rate of development of the reproductive system. The development of the female system as a whole, as observed under the light microscope, is examined in Chapter 1, with a detailed examination of the ultrastructural development of each individual section of the system as observed using the electron microscope being presented in the succeeding chapters. Several factors were found to have an effect on the development of the female worms. These were the age of the worms themselves, the sex-ratio of the population as a whole and the population size. However, only the first two factors were found to effect the sexual development, the population size only affecting the overall size of the worms. The ultrastructure of the various components of the female reproductive system was observed at ages ranging from 20 to 70 days post-infection and the method of development of each component has been described as far as possible.
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Rahiman, Farzana. "The effects of artificial and natural sweeteners on various physiological systems." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5279_1319022790.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercially available natural (sugar cane molasses, white sugar and brown sugar) and artificial (Canderelâ¢, Equalâ¢, Natreenâ¢, Sweetexâ¢, Splenda⢠and Swheetâ¢) sweeteners on various physiological systems. The artificial sweeteners tested in this study may be categorised into their respective groups based on their primary ingredient. The brands Canderel⢠and Equal⢠contain aspartame, Natreen⢠and Sweetex⢠consist of saccharin and Splenda⢠and Swheet⢠are composed of sucralose. The inclusion of artificial or natural sweeteners in the human diet has been continually debated and their implication in the development of certain diseases has raised concern regarding their safe use. Therefore, it is necessary that these food products be subjected to a battery of tests to determine adverse effects on human health.
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李蕾 and Lei Li. "Adrenomedullin in female reproductive system: gene expression and actions in cycling and pregnant rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44891799.
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Elgenaidi, Abdalla Ramadan. "Effects of Libyan traditional plants on the reproductive system of male and female rats." University of the Western cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5412.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDIn different parts of the world, medicinal plants have demonstrated a lot of health benefits to mankind and remains an important source for the discovery of new bio-active compounds. Libya is a typical example of a country where medicinal plants are widely used. Plant extracts of five Libyan medicinal plants were used in this study to investigate their in vivo effects on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in male rats and on ovulation and fertility in female rats. The In vitro effects of these plant extracts were also investigated on TM3 Leydig cells and MCF 7 breast cancer cells. A phyto-chemical analysis of the five Libyan medicinal plants (flaxseed, black seeds, radish seed, date palm pollen and nutmeg) was done. The results showed that date palm pollen had a higher antioxidant activity than all of the above mentioned plants. In addition to this, Nigella sativa was observed to possess high flavonol content as well as high antioxidant activity. Male rats exposed to flaxseed, radish seeds and date palm pollen showed no significant alterations in body weight gain, whereas date palm pollen (240 mg/kg, p < 0.05) promoted an increase in body gain. This study also revealed a significant increase in the relative testicular weight of animals exposed to either flaxseed (300mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120mg/kg). In addition, the relative weights of the seminal vesicles of all treated groups showed significant increased values. The level of serum testosterone showed a significant increase after exposure to radish seed (80mg/kg) and a significant dose- dependent increase for date palm pollen when compared to control (P< 0.05). In contrast, flaxseed caused a dose-dependent significant (p <0.01) decrease in testosterone level at radish seed (300mg/Kg). All plant extracts caused a significant increase in sperm concentration. Sperm vitality significantly (p < 0.05) increased by radish seed (80mg/kg), flaxseed (300mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120, 240mg/kg) respectively. Total progressive motility improved significantly at flaxseed (300 mg/kg) (p < 0.001) as well as date palm pollen (p < 0.01). Histological examination of the cross sections of the testis showed clear presence of all stages of spermatogenesis in all the treated groups. Rat epididymides showed normal morphological appearance and their lumen were filled with spermatozoa. The diameter of seminiferous tubules in male rats exposed to date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The heights of the germ cell epithelia within the eminiferous tubules were also significantly increased in all treated groups. Liver and renal functions tests showed a significant decrease in Alanine transaminase (ALT) and creatinine in all treated groups (p < 0.05), and this demonstrates the lack of cytotoxic effects of date palm pollen, radish seed and flaxseed on the rats. However, these plant extracts produced a non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in Aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. Besides this, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in testis was increased significantly by radish seed (160 mg/kg), flaxseed (200 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). There was also improved catalase activity in testis of male rats exposed to radish seed and date palm pollen. Regarding male sexual behavior, the time to reach the female and the mount frequency decreased significantly in male rats exposed to flaxseed (300 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg; p > 0.05) thus, these plant extracts exhibit aphrodisiac properties. In addition, exposure of male rats to date palm pollen (120 mg/kg) produced a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the number of embryos in untreated female rats. In the female rats, the body weight gain was not affected (p > 0.05). However, the relative uterus weights exposed to nutmeg (200 mg/kg) and date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, the relative weights of ovaries after treatment with nutmeg (400 mg/kg) and black seed (400 mg/kg) showed significantly increased values (p < 0.01). Serum FSH was significantly increased (p > 0.05 or 0.01) when the female rats have been exposed to black seed (200 mg/kg), nutmeg (200 mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). The LH level significantly (p < 0.01) decreased following exposure to black seed (200 mg/kg), date palm pollen (120 mg/kg). On the other hand, serum LH concentration was significantly increased in female rats exposed nutmeg (400 mg/kg; p > 0.05). The creatinine activity in female rat serum in all treated groups was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Whereas the higher dose of date palm pollen (240 mg/kg) caused only a non-significant decrease. ALT activity in serum of female rat exposed to either black seed (400 mg/kg) or date palm pollen (120 and 240 mg/kg) was shown to decrease significantly (p < 0.05). Histology of the reproductive organs, kidney and liver in the female rats showed no obvious alterations in any of the treated groups. In addition, the number of embryos in female rats significantly increased (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) following exposure of female rats to black seeds 400 and date palm pollen 240 mg/kg, respectively. Incubation of TM3 Leydig cells with radish seeds for 24, 48 or 72 hours caused a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Besides that, date palm pollen and flaxseed increased the mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity of TM3 Leydig cells. In addition, higher concentration of date palm pollen, nutmeg and black seed were cytotoxic to MCF7 breast cells. In testis slices testosterone secretion in vitro was significantly increased by flaxseed (500 μg/ml; p > 0·05) and date palm pollen (500 μg/ml; p > 0·01). MCf-7 cells treated with BS 10-50 μg/ml black seed and nutmeg 10-50μg/ml significantly increased cell proliferation. However, the treatment with date palm pollen produced only a weak estrogenic effect, which resulted in a concentration dependent significant increase as observed between 50-1000 μg/ml date palm pollen. In conclusion, in this study, we observed that date palm pollen, radish seed and flaxseed increased libido as well as steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, improved hepato and nephron-protective effects. In female rats, the plant extracts NM, BS and date palm pollen potentiated the production of gonadotropic hormones. In addition to this, at lower concentrations these medicinal plants promoted cell growth, whereas at higher concentrations they inhibited cell proliferation of MCF- 7 breast cancer cells. The anti-oxidant effects of these plant extracts have been implicated for the above mention effects.
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HAUSER, URSULA ESTHER. "PHOTOPERIODIC REGULATION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN THE SYRIAN HAMSTER (OVARY, PINEAL, HORMONES, PITUITARY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183862.
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Female golden Syrian hamsters are seasonally breeding animals, capable of maintaining continuous estrous cycles when the daylength is 12.5 hrs. or longer. In shorter photoperiod (SP) the ovaries of anovulatory animals are characterized by few small growing follicles, an absence of corpora lutea and extensive hypertrophied interstitium. Steroid-histochemical studies revealed that enzymes related to steroidogenesis show intense activity in the interstitial tissue of SP-exposed animals. The major objectives of these studies were to examine SP-induced hormonal and ovarian changes which occur prior to onset of the acyclic condition in inbred LSH/SsLak hamsters. Other experiments explored hormonal changes in the absence of ovarian hormones and the interaction of SP and steroids. Initial results revealed that the LSH/SsLak hamster ceased estrous cyclicity between 14 and 31 days of SP exposure, a response far more uniform than generally seen in outbred hamsters. Experiments carried out in SP-exposed cyclic animals indicated that the secondary FSH surge and follicular recruitment were not affected by SP treatment, follicular recruitment were not affected by SP treatment, and that no major changes in gonadotropin levels and ovarian steroids were present on individual days of the estrous cycle. Once the animals were anestrous, daily gonadotropin surges were present and pituitary gonadotropin contents increases. Serum PRL levels showed a slight, yet significant, decrease in SP cycling animals followed by a further reduction in pituitary and serum levels after animals ceased cycling. Medial basal hypothalamic LHRH contents did change in SP, yet there was a significant increase in the preoptic area, and LHRH became significantly elevated in both areas after the animals became anestrous. Ovarian histology revealed fewer corpora lutea and a slight shift from healthy to atretic antral follicles. Experiments carried out in ovariectomized SP-treated animals showed that serum gonadotropin levels were significantly reduced, and that estrogen treatment was either equally or less effective in reducing levels in SP animals. In contrast, PRL levels did not change and responded in a dose dependent way to estrogen treatment. Although the studies yielded no definite proof, the result suggest that SP impairs the maintenance of follicular growth leading eventually to the acyclic state.
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Dai, Yanzhenzi. "The role and regulation of insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) in the female reproductive system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48136/.
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The peptide hormone Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) shows important roles in the reproductive system. In the male, the testicular Leydig cell peptide INSL3 is involved in fetal testis descent and sperm maturation during the adulthood. In females of reproductive age INSL3 is mainly produced by the ovarian follicular theca interna cells. The current project aims to explore the detailed actions of INSL3 in the female reproductive system. Firstly, the secretion pattern of the INSL3 peptide in the serum of young women and women attending an infertility clinic was assessed. The serum levels of INSL3 peptide appeared to increase during the follicular phase, decrease during the luteal phase, and drop to a nadir at menses. The secretion pattern corresponded to the growth of antral follicles within a follicular wave. Pathological conditions leading to an alteration of the antral follicle count, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and low ovarian reserve, were accompanied by an increase or decrease in the serum INSL3 level, respectively. The bovine system was adopted and validated as a model for the human in regard to the follicular production of INSL3, as the secretion pattern for INSL3 in bovine serum through estrous cycles was similar to that in women. Primary bovine theca interna cells were then used to study the regulation of the INSL3 gene and its secreted peptide products. At both peptide and mRNA levels INSL3 production could be up-regulated by progesterone receptor signalling. Together with the analysis of the transcriptional activity of the bovine INSL3 gene promoter, it could be shown that estradiol (E2) – estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signalling stimulated and E2-ERß signalling decreased INSL3 production. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) acting through the androgen receptor (AR) and androstenedione (A4) probably acting through ERα and/or ERß both contribute to regulation of INSL3 production. Moreover, luteinising hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary also influenced the INSL3 production, with the downstream pathway from low level LH stimulation probably involving synergy between cAMP-PKA and ER signalling. The potential target of INSL3 was also identified in the female bovine reproductive system; full-length transcripts for the INSL3 receptor, RXFP2, were detectable in ovarian theca interna cells, in oocytes, as well as in the myometrium. Meanwhile, full-length transcripts for the closely related receptor, RXFP1, were detected in theca interna cells, endometrium and in myometrium, although the gene encoding the ligand for this receptor, relaxin, has been deleted during ruminant evolution. When transfecting DNA expression plasmids encoding the individual RXFP2 and RXFP1 receptors into HEK293T cells, the expressed bovine RXFP2 could be activated by bovine and human INSL3 (EC50 = 0.7 & 0.6nM) and porcine and human relaxin (EC50 = 10.5 & 27.3nM). The expressed bovine RXFP1 could be activated by porcine and human relaxin (EC50 = 10.8 & 48.7nM) and human relaxin 3 (EC50 = 97.9nM). Functional analysis showed that bovine myometrial cells were able to respond to both exogenous relaxin and INSL3, whereas theca interna cells could respond to INSL3 only. Together, however, these experiments support the view that endogenous RXFP2 and RXFP1 are both fully functional in the bovine even though the primary ligand for the latter is missing. The results showed that for the female INSL3 is mainly produced by the theca interna cells of antral follicles, and is thus a potential biomarker of ovarian functionality. The expression of INSL3 can be regulated by sex steroid hormones in an auto/paracrine manner, as well as by LH in an endocrine manner. In conclusion, the INSL3-RXFP2 system acts in follicles and probably also the uterus to enable and orchestrate female reproductive physiology.
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Patterson, Amy, Autumn LaRocque, Abigail Holt, Heather Grubbs, Rob Becker, Arielle MD Schreck, and Caroline MD Abercrombie. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Using Thiel Soft-Embalmed Donors to Teach the Female Pelvic Exam to Medical Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/38.
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At the Quillen College of Medicine, first year medical students are taught how to perform the female pelvic exam as part of the “Introduction to Physical Exam” course. Our previous research has found that students feel more confident and report a higher level of perceived transferability to live patients when learning the pelvic exam on soft-embalmed donors in comparison to low-fidelity mannequins. Our goal in this project was to incorporate soft-embalmed donors into the curriculum of first year medical students, making this teaching method available to all students, and objectively assess their skills as well as their retention. During the “Introduction to Physical Exam” course, high fidelity soft embalmed donors were available for students to practice the female pelvic exam with instruction from attending physicians. After learning exam techniques, all 67 students were given a survey to assess their confidence, perceived transferability, and preference for either soft embalmed donors or mannequins. They were also invited back the following week to assess their short term retention and ability to accurately perform the pelvic exam, with the option of using communication skills learned elsewhere in the ETSU curriculum. Thirteen students returned for this follow-up session and completed surveys to reassess their experience. We plan to follow this cohort of students throughout their medical school career to assess long term retention. All return participants felt they retained the pelvic exam knowledge learned the week prior, with 61.54% agreeing, and 38.46% strongly agreeing. Most felt prepared to now do a pelvic exam on a live patient (53.85% agreed, 38.46% strongly agreed). Students also reported that feedback on their communication and procedural skills was beneficial to the learning process. The use of high fidelity soft embalmed donors in medical education provides students with a realistic model to learn and become confident in performing pelvic exams. We have seen that this education model helps them retain their knowledge on pelvic exam technique. We look forward to following this cohort of students to see if this retention of knowledge persists into their third year of medical school.
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Toyama, Ryusuke. "Impaired regulation of gonadotropins leads to the atrophy of the female reproductive system in klotho-deficient mice." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143831.
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Gerhold, Lynnette Marie. "Effects of age on the sexually dimorphic brain and the suprachiasmatic nucleus : impact on the female reproductive system /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Vigil, Jacob Miguel. "A life history assessment of early childhood sexual abuse in females /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422982.
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Wang, Zhi. "The Effect of PCB 47 and PCB 77 on the Female Reproductive System: Gestational Versus Lactational Effects in Rats." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1322545333.
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Brochine, Suzane. "Efeitos do propil-parabeno e butil-parabeno na atividade reprodutiva de ratas wistar adultas." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192807.
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Orientador: Eunice ObaResumo: As substâncias desreguladores endócrinas de diversas origens e propriedades químicas acomentem uma diversidade de mamíferos, animais silvestres e seres humanos, que podem interagir com o sistema reprodutivo feminino e prejudicar a homeostase hormonal. Dentro dessa classificação, os parabenos podem ser utilizados como conservantes em diversos produtos comerciais. Seus efeitos se tornam cada vez mais complexos em relação à idade, história reprodutiva, ambiente endócrino da espécime no momento da exposição, como também não é sabido todos os reais mecanismos desses compostos quando associados. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos parabenos em ratas Wistar durante um período de 90 dias consecutivos de exposição. Assim, as ratas foram distribuídas em quatro grupos experimentais: controle, que recebeu somente óleo de milho como veículo, e tratados com propil e buti-parabeno nas doses de 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, ou 200 mg/kg e expostas via subcutânea. Foi utilizada a técnica de citologia vaginal para investigar a ciclicidade das fêmeas, bem como a caracterização das fases do ciclo estral pelo método Shorr. Além desses parâmetros, foram analisados aspectos morfológicos de ovários e útero, quantificação das estruturas ovarianas e avaliação ultraestutural de folículos pré-ovulatórios. Foram avaliados a concentração plasmática de estrógeno, peso corporal bem como o peso dos órgãos reprodutivos. Os resultados revelaram que o método Shorr, foi eficaz para identificar... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The endocrine disruption substances of many origins and chemistry properties affect a diversity of mammals, wild animals and human beings. These substances can interact with the female reproductive system and damage the hormonal homeostasis. In this classification, the paraben could be used as preservatives in different commercial products. Its effects get even worst and complex with the age, reproductive history, and endocrine environment of the specie in the moment of exposure of the drug. In complement, it is not known the actual mechanisms of those compounds when they are associated. Thus, the goal of this experiment was evaluate the effects of parabens in females Wistar during 90 consecutive days of exposure. Therefore, the females were divided in four experimental groups: Control group – Corn oil; and a mixture of propil and butyl paraben with 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg and exposed through the subcutaneous pathway. The vaginal cytology was performed to investigate the cyclicality as well as the characterization of the estrous phases by the Shor method. Besides that, morphological aspects of the ovary and uterus, counting of ovaries structure and ultrastructural of pre-ovulatory follicle. To complete the evaluation, the plasmatic estrogen, body weight and reproductive organ weight were assessed. The Shor method was effective to characterize and identify the cells types of the vaginal epithelium and identify the estrous cycle phase. Moreover, the relative and absol... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Huber, Karen E. "Sex and its consequences: abortion, infanticide, and women’s reproductive decision-making in France, 1901-1940." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1187032776.
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Vale, Andre Menezes do. "Caracterização dos eventos reprodutivos em preás (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831)." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/683.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The gestation period, the characteristics of the reproductive cycle, including the selection of the influence of the male effect, the description of the female reproductive system, placentation, embryonic and fetal development – added of the morphometric analysis - and the expression of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the reproductive and placental organs were the ways to contribute with the conservation of the species. For this, 45 non-pregnant females were used in the following experiments: 15 females were distributed in three experimental groups, followed by the addition of one male in each group, so that after the copulation and fertilization the females were separeted in accordance with the compatible dates of begining (days 5, 10 and 15), middle (days 20, 25, 30 and 35) and end (days 40, 45, 50 and 55) of gestation. This condition was obtained to obtain fragments of gestational sacs, placentas and organs of the female reproductive system, which were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and submitted to light microscopy techniques. The samples fixed in glutaraldehyde were performed in scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. In addition, prozima was used for GAG extraction, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent quantification by densitometry. The second experiment consisted of the use of five females, housed in a room that contained a male to monitor the duration of gestation. The third experiment aimed to characterize the estrous cycle in a group containing five females plus one male, which was found trapped in a cage and another five, in a box exempt from the latter. The fourth experiment was performed by means of the morphometric analysis of embryos with 20, 25, 30 and 35 days plus fetuses on days 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and newborns. The results revealed the presence of an incomplete double uterus, formed by two horns, a septate body and a cervix. The organs of the reproductive system presented macroscopic and histological characteristics similar to those reported for other rodents. The duration of gestation showed an average of 59 ± 2,7487 days and the sexual cycle was classified as continuous polystyric, with a mean period of 14.8 ± 0.73 days for females submitted to the male effect and 14.6 ± 0.75 days for those of the other group. In addition, the male presence significantly influenced (D <0.05) the duration of the diestrus, making it longer. The yolk sac inversion occurred on the 14th day of gestation and the visceral endoderm was placed in apposition to the uterine tissues. The chorioallantoic placenta presented a discoidal shape and had well defined regions of spongiotrophoblast, labyrinth and subplacenta from the intermediate gestation. Embryonic development was similar to that observed in histricognatis rodents, being the transition to the fetal phase, occurring at 40 days of gestation. Morphometric data allowed the establishment of correlations with gestational age. Dermatan sulfate was the predominant GAG in samples of uterine tubes, vaginas and placentas, whereas heparam expressed more in the body of the uterus at the beginning of gestation. There were also high concentrations of GAGs in the pregnant uterus and still in the reproductive system in the estrogenic phase when compared to the diestrus. It is concluded that the reproductive events presented characteristics of the species correlated with others of the order Rodentia, fact that indicates a set of evolutionary strategies related to its maintenance
O período de gestação, características do ciclo reprodutivo, incluindo verificação da influência do efeito macho, descrição do sistema reprodutor feminino, placentação, desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal – acrescido de análises morfométricas - e expressão dos glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs) sulfatados nos órgãos reprodutivos e placentários foram caracterizados em fêmeas de preás como forma de contribuir para a conservação da espécie. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 45 fêmeas não gestantes nos seguintes experimentos: 15 fêmeas foram distribuídas em três grupos experimentais, seguido da adição de um macho em cada grupo de modo que após a cópula e fecundação, as fêmeas eram separadas segundo datas compatíveis com início (dias cinco, 10 e 15), meio (dias 20, 25, 30 e 35) e fim (dias 40, 45, 50 e 55) da gestação. Tal condição visou à obtenção de fragmentos dos sacos gestacionais, placentas e órgãos do sistema reprodutor feminino, os quais foram fixados em paraformaldeído 4% e submetidos às técnicas de microscopia de luz. As amostras fixadas em glutaraldeído foram destinadas à realização de técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão. Além disto, usou-se a prozima para extração dos GAGs, seguida da eletroforese em gel de agarose e posterior quantificação por densitometria. O segundo experimento consistiu na utilização de cinco fêmeas, alocadas em recinto que continha um macho para o acompanhamento da duração da gestação. O terceiro experimento objetivou a caracterização do ciclo estral em um grupo contendo cinco fêmeas mais um macho, o qual encontrou-se preso em gaiola e outras cinco, em box isento deste último. O quarto experimento foi realizado por meio da análise morfométrica de embriões com 20, 25, 30 e 35 dias além de fetos nos dias 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 e recém-nascidos. Os resultados revelaram a presença de um útero duplo incompleto, formado por dois cornos, um corpo septado e uma cérvice. Os órgãos do sistema reprodutor apresentaram características macroscópicas e histológicas semelhantes as relatadas para outros roedores. A duração da gestação demonstrou média de 59 ± 2,7487 dias e o ciclo sexual foi classificado como poliéstrico contínuo, com período médio de 14,8 ± 0,73 dias para as fêmeas submetidas ao efeito macho e 14,6 ± 0,75 dias para aquelas do outro grupo. Além disto, a presença do macho influenciou significativamente (P<0,05) a duração do diestro, tornando-o mais longo. A inversão do saco vitelino ocorreu no décimo quarto dia de gestação e o endoderma visceral situou-se em aposição aos tecidos uterinos. A placenta corioalantoide apresentou forma discoidal e possuiu regiões bem definidas de espongiotrofoblasto, labirinto e subplacenta a partir da gestação intermediária. O desenvolvimento embrionário foi semelhante ao observado em roedores histricognatis, sendo a transição para a fase fetal, ocorrida aos 40 dias de gestação. Os dados morfométricos possibilitaram o estabelecimento de correlações com a idade gestacional. O dermatam sulfato foi o GAG predominante em amostras de tubas uterinas, vaginas e placentas, ao passo que o heparam expressou-se mais no corpo do útero, no início da gestação. Houve ainda elevadas concentrações de GAGs no útero gestante e no sistema reprodutor na fase estrogênica quando comparada ao diestro. Conclui-se que os eventos reprodutivos apresentaram características da espécie correlacionáveis com outras da ordem Rodentia, fato este que indica um conjunto de estratégias evolutivas relacionadas com a sua manutenção
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Yadeta, Nemme Negassa Chai Podhisita. "Factors associating with current non-use of contraceptives among married women in Kanchanaburi demographic surveillance system areas, Thailand /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/cd357/4538010.pdf.
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Munrós, Feliu Jordina. "Nous mecanismes en la fisiopatologia de l’endometriosi profunda." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667447.
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L’endometriosi és una patologia ginecològica benigna, la fisiopatologia de la qual és en part desconeguda, que afecta fins a un 10% de les dones en edat reproductiva. Aquesta malaltia representa una gran càrrega econòmica i social, ja que les pacients pateixen, al llarg de la seva vida fèrtil, múltiples cirurgies i hospitalitzacions, baixes laborals i problemes reproductius. S’ha descrit la implicació de factors proinflamatoris, neoangiogènics i procoagulants a la seva persistència i progressió, pel que avui en dia l’endometriosi és considerada una malaltia inflamatòria crònica. L’endometriosi profunda representa el fenotip més agressiu de la malaltia, amb una major severitat de l’afectació cínica i un maneig terapèutic més complex. Per tot això, s’ha postulat que l’endometriosi profunda podria presentar mecanismes fisiopatològics específics que condicionarien un ambient inflamatori superior als altres fenotips de la malaltia i en podrien fer d’ella una entitat diferenciada. En els últims anys, hi ha cada vegada més evidència sobre la implicació de les micropartícules circulants (cMP), el factor tissular i les trampes extracel·lulars de neutròfils o neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) en funcions relacionades amb l’hemostàsia, la immunitat, la inflamació i l’angiogènesi, i se n’han observat nivells elevats en malalties inflamatòries i trastorns protrombòtics. A més, múltiples estudis descriuen la generació de cMP en procediments quirúrgics degut al dany cel·lular generat i la seva possible relació amb complicacions postquirúrgiques secundàries a mecanismes inflamatoris i protrombòtics; en el cas del tractament quirúrgic de l’endometriosi ovàrica la seva elevació podria estar relacionada amb l’afectació de la reserva ovàrica i la generació d’adherències postquirúrgiques. Tenint en compte tot això, l’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és l’estudi de les cMP, el factor tissular i els NETs com a nous mecanismes fisiopatològics de l’endometriosi i, en concret, de l’endometriosi profunda, així com també la investigació de la implicació de les cMP com a marcadors de dany tissular secundari al tractament quirúrgic de l’endometriosi. La present tesi doctorat consta de quatre articles publicats a la literatura científica, els resultats globals dels quals han demostrat que les pacients amb endometriosi presenten nivells plasmàtics de cMP i NETs superiors a les pacients sense endometriosi, i que aquests nivells més elevats semblen atribuir-se al subgrup de pacients amb endometriosi profunda. Entre les pacients afectades d’endometriosi profunda, els nivells de cMP han demostrat ser superiors en aquelles amb una major quantitat de teixit endometrial ectòpic. Aquestes troballes reafirmen el concepte de l’endometriosi com una malaltia inflamatòria sistèmica i amplien el coneixement sobre la seva fisiopatologia. Tant les cMP com els NETs podrien, a més, contribuir a l’estat d’hipercoagulabilitat ja descrit en aquestes pacients, per la seva implicació en fenòmens proinflamatoris i protrombòtics. Els nivells superiors de cMP i NETs en el subgrup de pacients amb endometriosi profunda estaria en concordança amb teories recents que descriuen l’endometriosi profunda com una entitat diferenciada amb mecanismes fisiopatològics específics que justificarien la seva major agressivitat i severitat. Per tot això, es podrien considerar les cMP i els NETs com a dos nous mecanismes fisiopatològics de l’endometriosi profunda. Finalment, s’ha detectat un increment transitori superior de cMP posteriorment al tractament quirúrgic laparoscòpic de l’endometriosi ovàrica unilateral mitjançant la tècnica excisional (quistectomia mitjançant stripping) en comparació amb la vaporització mitjançant làser CO2, fet que podria estar en relació amb una major generació d’adherències postquirúrgiques i un major dany del teixit ovàric sa restant. Aquest fet aporta un major coneixement sobre els efectes secundaris de les diferents tècniques quirúrgiques disponibles en l’actualitat per al tractament de l’endometriosi ovàrica i ens permet, per tant, optimitzar el maneig quirúrgic de les pacients amb endometriosi.Endometriosis is a benign gyneacologic condition, the pathogenesis of which is still under debate. It is now considered a chronic systemic inflammatory condition and several immunological, hormonal and inflammatory factors have been described. In the last few years, new pathogenic mechanisms of endometriosis related to inflammation and coagulation pathways have been described and it has been hypothesized that patients with endometriosis could be in an inflammatory and hypercoagulable state. Among the different subtypes of endometriosis, deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is recognized as the most aggressive form of the disease. Furthermore, DIE could be considered as a specific entity since it seems to present specific pathogenic features in comparison to other endometriosis phenotypes. Higher levels of circulating cell-derived microparticles (cMP), neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and tissue factor have been observed in many inflammatory conditions, thrombotic diseases, and malignancy. In fact, these factors have been described to be involved in inflammation, blood coagulation and angiogenesis. Moreover, several recent studies have described the generation of cMP after surgical procedures as markers of cellular damage, and have characterized their potential contribution to postsurgical complications, such as inflammation and thrombosis. This work is composed of four articles that have been published in the scientific literature. Global results obtained from them show increased cMP and NETs plasmatic levels in endometriosis patients, and these levels seem to be attributed to the subgroup of patients with DIE. Among these patients, those with larger cumulative size of endometriotic implants showed higher cMP levels. These findings suggest an increased inflammatory and/or hypercoagulable systemic status in patients with DIE. Furthermore, the comparison between laser ablation and stripping for the surgical treatment of unilateral ovarian endometriomas showed higher but temporary cMP generation in the latter group compared with laser ablation. These results suggest that the stripping technique might trigger a more pronounced short-term inflammatory and procoagulant response, which may contribute to postsurgical complications and may negatively impact on ovarian reserve in these patients.
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Araujo, Giulia Silva. "Identificação e localização das procineticinas e seus receptores no ovário de ratas com síndrome dos ovários policísticos induzida por esteroides sexuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-06062017-090325/.
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A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é um distúrbio endócrino caracterizado por anovulação crônica e hiperandrogenismo. Modelos animais em ratas são usados para estudar processos complexos da SOP. As procineticinas (PROKs) são proteínas relacionadas a apoptose, proliferação vascular e regulação do sistema reprodutor. No entanto, seu padrão de expressão e função não são bem conhecidos no ovário com SOP. Este estudo propõe-se a identificar e localizar as PROKs e seus receptores nos ovários de ratas com SOP experimental. Foram utilizadas 33 ratas Wistar divididas em 3 grupos que receberam, entre o 1º e o 3º dia de vida, uma única injeção por via subcutânea de: propionato de testosterona (1,25 mg/0,1 mL, GT, n=12); benzoato de estradiol (0,5 mg/0,1 mL, GE, n=11) e óleo de oliva (0,1 mL, GC, n=10). Aos 90-95 dias de idade, os animais foram eutanaziados e os ovários removidos para avaliação da expressão gênica e proteica das procineticinas 1 e 2 e seus receptores por qRT-PCR e imunoistoquímica. A expressão dos genes Prok1 e Prok2 nos ovários de ratas do GT foi maior quando comparado ao GC (p=0,0157 e p=0,0354). Houve maior expressão da proteína PROK2 em células da teca interna (p=0,0049) e nas células intersticiais (p=0,0068) de folículos antrais nos ovários de ratas do GT em relação ao GC. PROK2 foi mais expressa em células da granulosa dos folículos pré-antrais comparado aos folículos antrais no GT (p=0,0098). Concluímos que as procineticinas estão expressas no ovário do modelo estudado em diferentes padrões, e que a PROK2 parece exibir maior expressão no grupo testosterona. Por apresentar papéis relevantes no controle do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal, acreditamos que esses resultados podem abrir uma linha de investigação sobre o papel dessa proteína na fisiopatologia da síndromePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Animal models have been used to study PCOS pathophysiology. Prokineticins (PROKs) are proteins with functions related to apoptosis, vascular proliferation and reproductive physiology. However, their expression patterns and functions are unknown in the PCOS ovary. The aim of this study is to identify and localize the PROKs and their receptors in PCOS rat models induced by testosterone or estradiol. Thirty-three female Wistar rats aged between 1-3 days were sorted into three groups according to the compounds injected subcutaneously: Testosterone propionate (1.25 mg / 0.1 mL, TG, n = 12); Estradiol benzoate (0.5 mg / 0.1 mL, EG, n = 11) and olive oil (0.1 mL, CG, n = 10). At 90-95 days of age, the animals were euthanized and the ovaries removed for evaluation of prokineticins 1 and 2 and their receptors by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The expression of the genes Prok1 and Prok2 in the ovaries was higher in TG compared to CG (p=0.0157 and p=0.0345). There was higher expression of PROK2 in theca interna (p=0.0049) and interstitial cells (p=0.0068) of antral follicles in the ovaries of TG vs CG; PROK2 was higher expressed in the granulosa cells of the preantral follicles compared to the antral follicles in the TG (p=0.0098). We conclude that prokineticins are expressed in the ovary of the animal model studied and they present different patterns, PROK2 seems to exhibit higher expression in the testosterone group. Due important roles in the control of the hypothalamicpituitary- gonadal axis, we believe that these results may open a line of investigation about the role of this protein in the pathophysiology of the syndrome
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Hussein, Noureldaim. "Studies on in vitro manipulation of male and female reproductive systems of flowering plants." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2213/.
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The overall aim of this research project is to investigate the possibility of using pollen as a vector for transporting extracellular substances to the site of gamete fusion in the embryo sac. Manipulation of plant male and female gametophytes included studies on pollen culture in vitro, pollen viability and developmental state, loading of fluorescent probes by plasmolysis/endocytosis and via vascular system, clearance of embryo sacs, ovule culture and the in vitro fertilisation and production of genetically uniform lines.Pollen from Impatiens glanduiifera cultured under a range of nutrients (sucrose, H(_3)B(_O4), Ca. K and Mg), temperature and humidity conditions revealed that 5% sucrose, lOOppm H(_3)BO(_4) with 100 ppm potassium nitrate, gave longer pollen tubes (463.20 pm after 1 h). Pollen tubes were longer at room temperature; however, they also grew under temperatures down to 4 C. The effect of humidity levels was also significant, and pollen tube length increased with the increase of relative humidity (RH) over the range 0.0 to 92.0%. Plasmolysis followed by deplasmolysis of pollen gave a non-significant effect on tube growth compared to the control treatment.Assessment of pollen viability using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Calcofluor White M2R (CFW) highlighted some drawbacks on the most widely used technique for assessing pollen viability, the fluorochromatic reaction. Pollen developmental state in I. glandulifera was assessed using the Feulgen staining technique. The use of DNA-specific 4,6-diamidino-2- phenyl indole (DAPl) has clearly shown the vegetative and generative nuclei. Pollen tubes were monitored using aniline blue.When pollen were plasmolysed and deplasmolysed in the presence of 5 mg ml (^-1) Lucifer Yellow CH (LY-CH), the fluorescent probe was taken into pollen and the most likely mechanism by which it was taken up was through plasmolysis/endocytosis. The loading up into pollen of FDA by enzymic cleavage and fluorescein by endocytosis is also discussed. Fluorescein, LY-CH and Calcofluor White M2R were loaded via the vascular system of Nicotiana tabacum, I. glandulifera and Brassica napus. Using fluorescence microscopy, the path of these probes was followed from the pedicel cells up to the ovules.The demonstration of loading of fluorescent probes into embryo sacs, whether via germinating pollen or via the vascular system, required manipulation of ovaries and clearance of embryo sacs. The fixing and clearing technique revealed, to some extent, embryo elements in I. glandulifera and N. tabacum. The enzymic maceration technique, however, resulted in the isolation of I. glandulifera embryo sacs. The embedding in London Resin White (LR White) technique was used to reveal additional information.In vitro stigmatal pollination of I. glandulifera ovaries resulted in pollen tubes penetrating into the ovules. When this was conducted in the presence of Lucifer Yellow CH, B. napus pollen tubes were seen carrying the probe and penetrating into the ovule. Fully grown N. tabacum plants were obtained from ovaries cultured and pollinated in vitro.Micro-propagation of I. glandulifera, N. tabacum and B. napus in Murishige and Skoog, and Nitsch and Nitsch -based media resulted in plantlets from B. napus and Nicotiana tabacum. Acclimatisation of the latter, under humid conditions, resulted in fully grown plants.
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Joshi, Deepa. "Effects of aging in the female C57BL6J mouse : the opiatergic system and reproduction." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28471.
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A significant alteration in the pattern of secretion of gonadotropins is the hallmark of age-related loss of estrous cyclicity and reproductive capacity. Although various components of the reproductive axis contribute to altered gonadotropin secretion, neuroendocrine dysfunction is believed to play an important role in the age-related loss of estrous cyclicity in the rodent. Our studies examining the pituitary responsiveness to GnRH with age revealed that the pituitaries of C57BL/6J mice appear to be capable of sustaining normal endocrine function under appropriate stimulus even in old females. Thus we hypothesized that changes at the level of the hypothalamus may be responsible for the alteration in gonadotropin secretion. Our studies evaluating GnRH neuronal function demonstrated that there is no change in the capacity of GnRH neurons to release GnRH with age although the presence of the ovary appears to modulate the GnRH release. Neuroanatomical and pharmacological studies suggest that an age-related decline in the opiatergic influence is responsible, at least in part, for the altered GnRH release. Posttranslational processing of the opiate peptide, $ beta$-endorphin ($ beta$-endo) from its precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and its further posttranslational modification determine the amount of opiate active and antagonist forms ultimately released at the synapse. We hypothesized that age-related alterations in the content of opiate active and antagonist forms of $ beta$-endo occur which contribute to the decline in opiatergic influences on reproductive function. Our data demonstrated that there is a significant increase in the opiate receptor inactive and antagonist forms of $ beta$-endo in middle aged but not in young or old mice. An important mechanism for the differential processing of $ beta$-endo in the anterior and intermediate lobes of pituitary in adult rodents and in the anterior lobe in neonates appears to lie in the relative levels of expression
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Yvorra, Alain. "Croissance folliculaire et developpement du corps jaune chez le lezard vivipare, lacerta vivipara jacquin : evolution au cours du cycle sexuel et analyse des mecanismes de regulation." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066270.
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Reiswig, Jeffrey D. "Expression and regulation of vitamin D-dependent calcium binding proteins, calbindins, in the horse and cow female reproductive systems /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487942476405662.
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Nassour, Ibrahim. "Depot et mobilisation des lipides corporels au cours du cycle sexuel chez la truite arc-en-ciel : effets d'une carence en acides gras essentiels sur la composition en acides gras des differents tissus." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077128.
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Briot, Pascal. "Etudes in vivo et in vitro de la biosynthèse des œstrogènes chez la hase (Lepus europaeus)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066159.
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Etude sur le sang des veines périphériques, ovariennes, utérines au cave de femelles gestantes ou non gestantes, stimulées par PMSG ou non stimulées. In vitro étude sur tissus incubés (follicules, corps jaune, surrénale, endomètre ou placenta).
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Urbani, Nicola. "Microsatellite DNA analysis of the mating system during the first breeding period of the female snow crab Chionoecetes opilio (Brachyura, Majidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35838.
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In order to study sperm competition and mating dynamics in the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio, a genomic library was established with the goal of identifying highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Six pairs of DNA primers were designed to amplify markers Cop3-4, Cop4-1, Cop5, Cop10, Cop24-3 and Cop111 by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All markers produced patterns as expected from single loci inherited in a mendelian fashion, except for Cop5 which revealed a multi-locus banding pattern. The cross-amplification of the six loci in seven additional crabs species revealed DNA polymorphisms at one or more loci for each species. Markers Cop3-4 and Cop24-3 were used to determine paternity of larvae of primiparous females both from the wild and from multiple mating experiments under laboratory settings. The two markers were also used to genotype the contents of female spermathecae in order to determine the number of number of male genotypes present. Spermathecal contents of wild-caught females were cut into several cross-sections and each section genotyped individually. Histological analysis of spermathecae was carried out to complement genetic data in order to elucidate patterns of sperm competition. Single paternity was observed for the progeny of all females. The analysis of laboratory females showed displacement was the mechanism by which single paternity was obtained by the last males to mate. The analysis of wild females revealed that their spermathecae contained on average the sperm of at least 3.7 males. Larvae appeared to be sired by males whose genotypes were found in the spermathecal cross-sections toward the blind-end of the spermathecae. This suggested that they were the first males to mate with females they guarded until oviposition, and females remated with other males thereafter. Also, a comprehensive account of the mating dynamics was carried out in a wild population of the Northwest Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Eastern Canada) and demonstrated the e
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Lemullois, Michel. "Etude ultrastructurale et immunocytochimique de la ciliogenese dans l'oviducte de caille." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066360.
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Description del a ciliogenese dans l'oviducte de caille, differenciation qui est specifiquement induite par les oestrogenes. Analyse de la mise en place de certains constituants du cytosquelette par des techniques immunocytochimiques
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Marie, Michel. "Bases endocriniennes de la fonction sexuelle chez le dromadaire (camelus dromedarius)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376077000.
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Ulguim, Rafael da Rosa. "Descarte de fêmeas suínas em granjas de quarto sítio e em unidades produtoras de leitões com reposição de leitoas gestantes: eficiência reprodutiva e validação das razões atribuídas para o descarte." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2574.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-25In conventional swine production systems, with acquisition of replacement gilts either from commercial suppliers or internal replacement, high culling rates are associated with reduced productive efficiency. The culling pattern of alternative replacement systems, consisting of four-site units (4S) that prepare replacement gilts to be sold pregnant to piglet-production units (PP) are not yet characterized. The objectives of this study are: to characterize the culling pattern and the associations between the culling reasons and female reproductive efficiency in 4S and PP units; and to associate culling reasons recorded at farm level with examining genital organs of culled females at a slaughterhouse. Individual female records of culled females (n = 5,013) were extracted from databases of three 4S units and ten PP units. A frequency distribution was generated for the culling reasons, which were classified as: reproductive failure, low productivity, age, locomotor problems; and other causes. The evaluated parameters of reproductive efficiency were: herd lifetime; non productive days (NPD); and total number of piglets born during herd lifetime (PBL), per parity (PBP) and per year of herd lifetime (PBY). Such parameters were compared according to the production units, parity at culling (PC) and culling reason. At the slaughterhouse, the uterus and the ovaries of 311 culled females from the same 13 units were evaluated. Culling for locomotor problems was more frequent in 4S units, whereas culling for low productivity was more frequent in PP units. In 4S units, herd lifetime was 71.8 ± 0.8 d and the first service to culling interval was 57.1 ± 0.8 d. In the PP units, herd lifetime was 672.5 ± 7.1 d and PC was 4.4 ± 0.1. Parameters related to piglets production over time were similar to those observed in conventional production systems, with the lowest PBL (33.5 ± 1.1) observed for females culled for reproductive failure and PBY (22.8 ± 0.3) for those culled for productivity. At the slaughterhouse evaluation, the frequency of ovaries presenting cysts and no structures were 12.6% and 10.9%, respectively. No association was observed among such pathologies and the reproductive failures recorded as the reasons for female culling (P > 0.05). The production system combining 4S and PP units presented PC somewhat increased and decreased NPD, in comparison with conventional replacement systems, indicating a potential for increasing female retention rates and reducing the impact of premature female culling on herd reproductive efficiency.
Em sistemas convencionais de produção de suínos, com aquisição de fêmeas de reposição de fornecedores externos ou com reposição interna, a alta taxa de descarte de fêmeas é associada com menor eficiência produtiva. Sistemas alternativos de reposição, com unidades de Quarto Sítio (4S) para a preparação de leitoas de reposição que são vendidas gestantes para unidades de produção de leitões (UPL), não possuem o padrão de descarte caracterizado. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar os descartes em 4S e UPL e a relação das causas de descarte com indicadores de eficiência reprodutiva; e associar as causas de descarte atribuídas na granja às falhas reprodutivas com o exame de órgãos genitais das fêmeas descartadas, no frigorífico. Registros individuais de 5.013 fêmeas descartadas foram extraídos do banco de dados de três unidades de 4S e dez UPL. Distribuições de frequencia foram geradas para as razões de descarte, que foram divididas em: falhas reprodutivas; produtividade; idade; problemas locomotores; e causas diversas. Os indicadores de eficiência reprodutiva avaliados incluíram: tempo de permanência no plantel; dias não produtivos (DNP); e total de leitões nascidos durante a vida reprodutiva (TN), por parto (MN) e por ano (NPA). Estes indicadores foram comparados em função da unidade de produção, da ordem de parto ao descarte (OP) e da razão atribuída para o descarte. No frigorífico, foram avaliados os ovários e o útero de 311 fêmeas descartadas das 13 granjas selecionadas. Os descartes por problemas locomotores foram os mais frequentes nas unidades de 4S, enquanto que os descartes por baixa produtividade foram os mais frequentes nas UPL. Nas unidades de 4S, o tempo médio de permanência foi de 71,8 ± 0,8 d e intervalo primeiro serviço-descarte de 57,1 ± 0,8 d. Nas UPL, o tempo de permanência foi de 672,5 ± 7,1 d e a OP média foi de 4,4 ± 0,1. Os indicadores de produtividade relacionados a produção de leitões, mostraram padrão semelhante ao verificado em sistemas convencionais, onde o TN foi menor para os descartes por falha reprodutiva (33,5 ± 1,1), assim como o NPA nos descartes por produtividade (22,8 ± 0,3) foi inferior as demais razões de descarte. No frigorífico, a frequência de ovários lisos foi de 10,9% e a de cistos ovarianos de 12,6%. Não houve associação entre as patologias observadas e a causa atribuída para o descarte por falhas reprodutivas. O sistema de produção que combina unidades de 4S e UPL apresentou uma OP média ao descarte relativamente elevada e uma redução no acúmulo de DNP, o que indica a possibilidade de maior taxa de retenção de fêmeas e redução do impacto produtivo do descarte precoce de fêmeas sobre a eficiência reprodutiva.
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Almahbobi, Ghanim. "Evolution morphologique et fonctionnelle des tissus steroidogenes des gonades equines." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2018.
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Au stade du follicule preovulatoire, la granulosa qui presente tous les caracteres ultrastructuraux des cellules steroidogenes, serait capable de synthetiser les steroides, tout en gardant sa capacite d'aromatisation. Chez le male, deux types de cellules de leydig resultant de deux differenciations postnatales (puberte et age adulte) ont pu etre mis en evidence
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Chailley, Bernadette. "Etude de la membrane plasmique apicale, du cytosquelette et de leur interaction dans les cellules ciliées de l'oviducte de caille." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066685.
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Thèse basée sur 10 articles concernant le mouvement ciliaire et la structure du cytosquelette apicale avec une mise en évidence, 1) d'une relation étroite entre les corps basaux, les racines striées et le réseau d'actine des microvillosités et de la ceinture périphérique, 2) la polarité des microfilaments associes au cinétosome (liaison des fibres d'ancrage a la membrane plasmique), 3) immunolocalisation d'une spectrine qui pourrait intervenir dans l'association de ces microfilaments, mais aussi dans l'association d'autres protéines du cytosquelette.
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Riou, Cindy. "Intéraction des spermatozoïdes avec l'épithélium du tractus génital femelle : réservoirs spermatiques, protéomique, et fertilité." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4051/document.
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Chez les espèces aviaires, le stockage des spermatozoïdes s’étend sur plusieurs semaines principalement au niveau du réservoir de la jonction utéro-vaginale, contenant les tubules de stockage des spermatozoïdes (SST). Les mécanismes impliqués dans ce processus restent indéterminés. L’effet de l’insémination artificielle (IA) a été évalué sur le protéome du fluide utérin (FU), des protéines cibles et des glycanes dans les SST, provenant de poules possédant une longue (F+) ou courte (F-) durée de stockage. La longue durée de stockage est associée à une abondance relative dans le FU après IA des protéines exosomales (ANXA4, ANXA5), des protéoglycanes (TSKU), des protéines liant les protéoglycanes (HAPLN3, FN1, VTN), des transporteurs de lipides (VTG1, VTG2, APOA1, APOA4, APOH), et des protéines matricielles de la coquille (OCX32). Au contraire, la faible capacité de stockage est associée à la régulation après IA des protéines immunitaires (PIGR, immunoglobulines) ou pro-inflammatoire (LTA4H), des protéases (XPNPEP1), des chaperones (HSPA8), des mucines (MUC5AC, MUC5B), et de l’ovalbumine (OVALY). Au niveau des SST, les protéines matricielles de la coquille (OC-116, OCX36, OC-17) ont été identifiées dans l’épithélium et la lumière. La longue durée de stockage est associée à la sécrétion luminale de résidus Glc/GlcNAc, à la mobilisation apicale de protéines exosomales (ANXA4), et la non-activation des voies métaboliques impliquant les protéines PIGR, HSPA8, et ANXA5 dans les SST. En conclusion, la composition protéique du FU et des SST requièrent des régulations spécifiques après IA certainement pour garantir le stockage des spermatozoïdesIn avian species, the sperm storage mainly takes place in uterovaginal sperm storage tubules (SST) during several weeks. Mechanisms implied in this process are not fully understood. The effect of artificial insemination (AI) has been evaluated on the uterine fluid (UF) proteomic composition, and on SST candidate proteins, from hens exhibiting long (F+) or short (F-) sperm storage duration. Long sperm storage duration was associated with the relative abundance in UF after AI of proteoglycans (TSKU), proteoglycan binding proteins (HAPLN3, FN1, VTN), lipid transporters (VTG1, VTG2, APOA1, APOA4, APOH), and eggshell matrix proteins (OCX32). In contrast, poor sperm storage ability was associated with the regulation of immune factors (PIGR, immunoglobulins), pro-inflammatory factors (LTA4H), proteases (XPNPEP1), chaperone (HSPA8), mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and ovalbumin related protein Y (OVALY). At the level of SST, eggshell matrix proteins (OC-116, OCX36, OC-17) were identified in SST cells and lumen. Long sperm storage duration was associated in SST with the luminal secretion of Glc/GlcNAc residues, ANXA4 apical mobilization, and non-activation of metabolic pathway implying PIGR, HSPA8, and ANXA5. In conclusion, the proteomic composition of UF and SST require specific regulation after insemination, most probably to guarantee the success of sperm storage process
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Jorio, Aziza. "Dynamique folliculaire comparee pendant la periode prepubere chez deux races s de brebis differant par leur taux d'ovulation : la d'man et la timahdite." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066446.
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Prud'Homme, Marie-Jeanne. "Contribution a l'etude des mecanismes de regulation de la motricite uterine chez la brebis." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066591.
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Breuiller, Michelle. "Les recepteurs adrenergiques dans le myometre humain gravide : implication des recepteurs beta-adrenergiques chez la rate au moment de la parturition." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077019.
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Edwards, Andrew. "Peptide inhibitors of angiogenesis in endometriosis and the female reproductive system." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/12167.
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Endometriosis, characterized by the growth of endometrium outside the uterine cavity, is a disease which causes pelvic pain, inflammation and associated with infertility. Endometrium, which exits the uterus through retrograde menstruation, must establish a new blood supply as it attaches and invades into ectopic tissues to form an endometriosis lesion. Angiogenesis is therefore essential in endometriosis disease progression. The inhibition of blood vessel growth by anti-angiogenic agents is a potential strategy to manage endometriosis disease progression. This thesis investigated angiogenesis of endometriosis lesions, and evaluated a novel anti-angiogenic peptide as a potential therapeutic to manage endometriosis. An atlas on the microscopic anatomy of the pregnant mouse uterus is also presented. Synuclein-γ (SNCG), a protein involved in cellular proliferation, was found to have elevated expression in endothelial cells of endometriosis tissue compared to eutopic endometrium. In an alymphoid xenograft mouse model of human endometriosis, where human endometrium is engrafted into the peritoneal cavity of Rag2-/-/IL2r-/- female mice, peptide inhibition of SNCG resulted in reduced vascularization of endometriotic lesions. This study indicates that SNCG has a potential role in angiogenesis of endometriosis lesions. Using the same alymphoid mouse model, we evaluated the effect of an anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 mimetic peptide, ABT-898, on angiogenesis of endometriotic lesions. ABT-898 inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation in vitro. Mice treated with ABT-898 showed reduced vascularity of endometriosis lesions compared with control. Angiogenesis is also an essential process in the female reproductive system. Females with endometriosis are of reproductive age, so it is essential to establish that anti-angiogenic therapies do not
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interfere with reproduction. We evaluated the effect of ABT-898 on angiogenesis in the female reproductive tract in non-pregnant mice. ABT-898 did not affect estrous cyclicity, or vascularity of the uterus or ovary in non-pregnant animals. ABT-898 did not alter litter size or pup weight when given to pregnant mice throughout gestation. In summary this thesis implicated a role for SNCG in angiogenesis of endometriosis lesions, and found that ABT-898 could be a useful therapeutic to manage endometriosis disease progression as it reduces angiogenesis of endometriotic lesions, while having no observable effect in reproductive organs.Thesis (Ph.D, Anatomy & Cell Biology) -- Queen's University, 2014-05-01 14:42:32.655
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Hsu, Kuo-Teng, and 許國騰. "Functional Characterization of Mouse Guanylate Cyclase G in Female Reproductive System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89361398005687620238.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
醫學科學研究所
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Guanylyl cyclase(GC) is known to transmit signaling by synthesizing of intracellular cyclic GMP. We have previously demonstrated an orphan GC receptor on mouse sperm (mouse GC-G, mGC-G) which is able to regulate sperm motility and capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation(2006 Endocrinology). To further examine the role of mGC-G in female reproductive system, we detected the expression and localization of mGC-G in female reproductive organs. Reverse transcriptase(RT)-PCR and immunostaining analysis revealed that mouse GC-G is expressed in ovary (granulosa cells and ooplasm), oviduct, and endometrium. In granulosa cells, the mGC-G receptor was expressed on the cell surface by confocal image analysis. Besides, the mGC-G receptor was immunostained at oviductal epithelial cells, and endometrium in all estrus stages, including proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. The expression of mGC-G in endometrium is estrogen-dependent by utilizing ovariectomized female mouse model. This result hints the upstream regulation of mGC-G on the function of granulosa cells. Given the specific homo-extracellular domain (ECD) interaction of mGC-G receptor has been demonstrated(unpublished data), the mGC-G-ECD-Fc recombinant protein is used to interact with the granulosa cells. cGMP assay demonstrated the activity of mGC-G-ECD-Fc recombinant protein to elevate the intracellular cGMP level and decrease aromatase (Cyp19) gene expression in granulosa cells. In summary, here we demonstrated the expression of mGC-G in female reproductive system, and the mGC-G may play a role in estrogen production through its ECD-homophilic interaction and cGMP elevation in granulosa cells.
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Maia, João Oliveira. "Sex Steroid Hormone Influence on Endocannabinoid System in the Female Reproductive Tract." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90920.
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Maia, João Oliveira. "Sex Steroid Hormone Influence on Endocannabinoid System in the Female Reproductive Tract." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90920.
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(8799200), Jessica L. Ma. "Hemodynamic and Geometric Changes of the Female Reproductive System in Health and Disease." Thesis, 2020.
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Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn mortality, with 15 million babies born premature worldwide every year. Children that do survive early delivery are more likely to develop cognitive abnormalities, motor deficits, heart disease, cerebral palsy, and more. While little is known about the pathophysiology of preterm birth, several pregnancy-related complications are related to preterm birth, namely cervical insufficiency and preeclampsia. In the former, premature cervical remodeling and softening can result in the shortening of the cervix, increasing a woman’s risk of preterm birth; this condition is called cervical insufficiency (CI), which is the inability of the cervix to remain closed as a result of weakened tissues. CI is currently measured by a one-dimensional sonographic cervical length, where < 25 mm indicates shortening. Preeclampsia is a disorder that can be explained through the Page kidney phenomenon: compression of the left renal vein (LRV) causes renal venous outflow obstruction, leading to elevated intrarenal pressure and hypertension. The supine pressor test (SPT) is a diagnostic tool for preeclampsia where a positive test is defined by an increase of 20 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure (BP) when shifting from the left lateral recumbent to the supine position. Due to the intense risk of morbidity and mortality for both the mother and the fetus, the need to monitor BP changes is critical. Currently, there is an unmet clinical need to characterize the hemodynamic and geometric properties of the female reproductive organs throughout gestation. Utilizing ultrasound imaging can increase our knowledge about the 3D anatomy and systemic changes during pregnancy, unravel risk factors, establish preventative methods, and standardize treatment plans. In this thesis research, we developed a murine model to 1) examine the pathophysiology of renal vein stenosis, and 2) investigate the effects of stenosis on various cervical dimensions. Renal vein stenosis was found to greatly impact blood flow velocities, as well as cervical width (p<0.05). LRV and cervical area and height also trend towards significance, and there is negative damage to the left kidney and placentae within the stenosed cohort. We also conducted a human study that showed reduced change in postural BP in patients with higher body mass index (BMI). Systolic and diastolic BP in the supine position was significantly greater than in the lateral position for all BMIs with a baseline increase in BP of approximately 9-14 mmHg. These findings suggest that therapeutic positioning and close monitoring of BP could mitigate the risk of developing related disorders in pregnancy.
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Lin, Ting-Yu, and 林庭宇. "Characterization of the roles of Neuromedin U signaling in the female reproductive system." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48562093363600831402.
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博士國立陽明大學
生命科學系暨基因體科學研究所
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Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide that regulates multi-physiological functions through activation of NMUR1 or NMUR2. However, its function has not been elucidated in the female reproductive system. In the ovary, NMU expression was detected moderately in granulosa cells and co-expressed mainly with NMUR2 in theca cells. The fluctuation of NMU was regulated by gonadotropin-driven cAMP signaling and cAMP-mediated RNA-binding protein Zfp36l1, a cis-acting mRNA degradation mechanism. Furthermore, NMU treatment promoted the production of progesterone but not androstenedione in the developing and mature theca/interstitial cells. Thus, these results suggest that gonadotropin-stimulated NMU production controls the progesterone-related physiological roles through NMUR2 in the ovary. In the uterus, NMU and NMUR2 were not only expressed in the endometrial epithelial cells in mouse but also upregulated in the high-graded endometrial cancers in human. In the cell lines isolated from patients with high-graded endometrial cancer, NMU signaling could promote the expression and/or the nuclear translocation of mesenchymal markers. It also could sustain the level of adhesion signaling and this further regulated the cell motility and anchorage-independent growth. Further, NMU signaling also enhanced the EGF- and TGFβ1-mediated expression of mesenchymal markers. It also helped the maintenance of cell division of endometrial cancer cells in vivo. Together, these results suggest that the upregulated NMU signaling may be involved in the metastasis and tumor growth of high-graded endometrial cancer.
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Shaw, Julie. "Distribution of Human Tissue Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Tissues and Biological Fluids: Localization, Hormonal Regulation and Physiological Functions in the Female Reproductive System." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17278.
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Human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK) are fifteen genes located on chromosome 19q13.4, encoding hormonally regulated, secreted serine proteases with trypsin/chymotrypsin-like activity. I identified expression of many KLKs in tissues throughout the female reproductive system and in cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF).
The female reproductive system is hormonally regulated during the menstrual cycle, suggesting KLKs may also be regulated by these hormones. Measurement of KLKs levels in CVF and saliva samples throughout the menstrual cycle revealed a peak in expression following ovulation in both fluids. Progesterone levels rise during this period suggesting KLK regulation by progesterone during the menstrual cycle.
Using proteomic techniques, I resolved the CVF proteome to identify potential KLK substrates. Among 685 proteins identified, several cell-cell adhesion molecules, cervical mucins and defense-related proteins were found.
KLKs play a role in the desquamation of skin corneocytes through cleavage of cell-cell adhesion proteins. The vaginal epithelium undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle involving desquamation of cells upon rising progesterone levels. The post-ovulatory peak in KLK expression suggests that KLKs may contribute to cell desquamation during the menstrual cycle.
Cervical mucus acts to block the uterus from vaginal microorganisms. Around ovulation, cervical mucus loses viscosity to facilitate sperm passage through the cervix. Proteolytic enzymes are thought to aid in this mucus remodelling. Our immunohistochemical studies localized KLK expression to the mucus secreting cervical epithelium and I investigated KLK processing of cervical mucin proteins in vitro. KLKs 5 and 12 were found to cleave mucins, suggesting their potential involvement in cervical mucus remodelling.
CVF plays a role in host defense. KLKs are known to process the antimicrobial cathelicidin protein in skin and I investigated whether KLKs may also process antimicrobial proteins found in CVF. KLK5 was found to cleave defensin-1 alpha, in vitro, suggesting KLKs may aid in defense of the female reproductive system.
Here I provide evidence of potential physiological roles for KLKs in the female reproductive system: in desquamation of vaginal epithelial cells, remodelling of cervical mucus and processing of antimicrobial proteins. These findings suggest KLKs may function in female fertility, in pathological conditions such as vaginitis and in host defense.
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Hlophe, Thabo Trevor. "Factors associated with cervical cancer among women of reproductive age group in Swaziland." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25579.
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The study is informed by inadequate information on factors associated with the prevalence, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer cytological abnormalities in Swaziland. The aim of the study was to explore and describe factors associated with cervical cancer among women of reproductive age between 15 and 49 years in Swaziland. Quantitative descriptive design with a data extraction tool was used to retrospectively generate observational data from 1748 patients’ records in Mbabane Government Hospital from January 2014 through to December 2014. Bivariate logistic regression was used to establish relationship between cervical cancer and each explanatory variable. The overall prevalence of cervical cytology test results was 24.9%. The combination of marital status, HIV status, ART status, age at sexual debut have been identified as factors associated with cervical abnormalities. Most importantly, the results will also serve as evidence for the development of a national cervical cancer screening policy and also strengthening the cancer registry in Swaziland.Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
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de, la Iglesia Horacio O. "Interactions between the circadian and reproductive systems of the female Syrian hamster." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9823729.
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In rodents, there exists a strong interaction between the reproductive and circadian systems. For this thesis the female hamster was used as a model for the study of this interaction. Studies described in chapter II investigated whether the circadian regulation of reproductive processes may be through direct input of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to neurons containing estrogen receptor (ER) and/or to neurons containing luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). The anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) was applied to the SCN and double label immunocytochemistry for PHA-L and either ER or LHRH was carried out. Both ER- and LHRH-immunoreactive cells show appositions with SCN efferents or with efferents of the subparaventricular nucleus and the retrochiasmatic area. Results suggest that the circadian system can regulate reproductive processes via input to LHRH- and/or ER-containing neurons. Studies described in chapter 111 investigated whether effects of estrogen on circadian rhythms may be exerted through estrogen-binding systems afferent to the SCN. Immunocytochemistry for ER and the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit, after its application to the SCN, demonstrated that some areas contain relatively high percentages of SCN afferent neurons which show ER immunoreactivity. Retrograde tracing results were compared with results of anterograde tracing from some of the sites containing SCN afferents. Furthermore, using a combined retrograde and anterograde tracing technique, SCN input to some SCN afferent neurons was demonstrated. However, no evidence of reciprocity between single ER-immunoreactive cells and the SCN was found. Results indicate the existence of estrogen binding systems afferent to the SCN which might mediate the effects of gonadal steroid hormones on circadian rhythms. Studies in chapter IV analyze the effects of blockade of SCN axonal output by local unilateral application of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the LH surge. Injections of TTX on either the morning or the afternoon of proestrus were unable to block the LH surge. Results favor the interpretation that the SCN output signal responsible of the circadian gating of the LH surge occurs before the onset of the light period on the day of proestrus.
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Hum, Kathryn Merrilyn. "The effects of right and left amygdala kindled seizures on the female reproductive and feeding systems." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788836&T=F.
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"Analysis of CNS muscarinic receptors in normal and in neonatally androgenized female rats (reproduction, central nervous system)." Tulane University, 1985.
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Previous research has identified the cholinergic system as a critical component for both behavioral and gonadotropic processes of the female rat. In the present study, changes in 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB) binding to CNS muscarinic receptors were compared to changes in ovulatory and behavioral mechanisms in the neonatally androgenized female rat. The incidence of lordosis behavior and regular estrous cycles decreased as a function of increasing dosage of neonatal testosterone. Androgenization of the animals significantly reduced binding of 3H-QNB in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Furthermore, administration of estradiol benzoate prior to sacrifice significantly decreased specific 3H-QNB binding in VMH. Binding was not altered significantly in the medial preoptic area, the midbrain central gray, or the corpus striatum as a function of neonatal androgen treatment or estrogen administration. Evidence from this study which conflicts with those published previously on the influence of estrogen on cholinergic receptor binding is critically evaluated on the basis of timing and dosage variables. Furthermore, the proposal that changes in cholinergic receptor dynamics influence the normal age-related decline in female reproductive capability is discussedacase@tulane.edu
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Dzebu, Munyadziwa Jane. "The perceptions of women with fibroids from diverse cultures regarding hysterectomy." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2411.
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The purpose of this study was to explore and describe contributing factors that influence the perceptions of women with fibroids from diverse cultures regarding hysterectomy. The area of research was delimited to issues of hysterectomy among women with fibroid uterus.
The study employed a descriptive explorative method and data were collected by means of structured questionnaires. The study was conducted in one academic referral hospital, over a period of six months. The respondents were the patients with fibroid uterus and the doctors and nurses in the gynaecological units of the hospital. The majority of the patients indicated that they were afraid of undergoing a hysterectomy because of the social stigma associated with this life-saving procedure, such as alienation or marginalization by members of their respective communities. The nursing staff and gynaecologists in the unit emphasized the deep-seated fear of hysterectomy amongst women from diverse cultures.
The study found that women need information about their bodies and how they function. Health education is also needed for women and their communities. Research is needed amongst members of different communities and diverse cultures to voice their perceptions of women undergoing hysterectomy because of ill health.Health Studies
M.A. (Health studies)