Dissertations / Theses: 'Reproductive Techniques'

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Inzunza, José. "New micromanipulative techniques in reproductive biology /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-568-9/.

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Wilson, Poe Emma. "Vitrification of day 5/6 human morulas/blastocysts: A 10 year retrospective study in a private assisted reproductive techniques [ART] clinic." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96876.

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Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was designed to retrospectively evaluate the established embryo vitrification/warming programme currently implemented at Drs Aevitas Institute for Reproductive Medicine and to look at factors that might play a role in optimizing the pregnancy outcomes thereof. Vitrification is the achievement of a “state of suspended animation” wherein molecular translational motions are arrested without structural reorganization of the liquid. In embryo vitrification it involves placement of the embryo in a very small volume of vitrification medium that must be cooled at extremely high cooling rates. The vitrification medium contains cryoprotectants to prevent any cryoinjury from occurring to the embryo. This process was initially proposed to effectively manage supernumerary embryos, but it has also provided a viable method of reducing costs for additional embryo transfers as well as the reduction of the incidence of multiple births. Patients who are at risk of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome (OHSS) can also have all of their embryos vitrified in advance to reduce the likelihood of adverse clinical symptoms if a pregnancy is established. Throughout the period in which vitrification has been in practice, there have been advances in technology as well as continual research being conducted to establish whether newly suggested techniques do, in fact, optimize the outcomes of vitrification. Focus has subsequently been applied to the carrier device used for vitrification, the day on which the embryos are vitrified and stored, as well as the number of embryos transferred in each respective cycle, all to ensure the most favourable outcome. This retrospective study confirmed the use of the Cryotop® as the most viable carrier device for successful survival and pregnancy outcomes. Transfer of day 5 vitrified embryos resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rates compared to day 6 vitrified embryos. Results also indicated that the number of embryos transferred does indeed have a significant effect on the pregnancy outcome and consequently we can possibly argue against the implementation of single embryo transfer in the vitrification programme. Investigation into the effect of female age, specifically oocyte age, on each of these categories indicated that reduced age can be associated with optimal outcomes; however this could not be proven statistically in this cohort of patients. To further look at optimization of the vitrification/warming programme, a Literature Survey was conducted to ascertain the results after Assisted Hatching in frozen/warmed human embryos. Assisted Hatching has been proposed as a solution to Zona Pellucida hardening, which has been found to occur during vitrification. The need for further studies and a meta-analysis of the literature is confidently proposed, as well as a Prospective Study to evaluate the effect of Laser Assisted Hatching in the human blastocyst vitrification/warming programme at Drs Aevitas Institute for Reproductive Medicine.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is ontwerp om die gevestigde embrio vitrifikasie/ontdooi program by Drs Aevitas Instituut vir Reproduktiewe Medisyne, retrospektief te evalueer en die faktore te optimaliseer wat swangerskap uitkomste kan beïnvloed. Vitrifikasie is die proses waardeur die molekulere aktiwiteit binne die embrio in ‘n staat van arres gehou word sonder om die strukture binne die sitplasma te versteur. Dit behels die plasing van ŉ embrio in 'n klein hoeveelheid vitrifikasie medium wat teen 'n hoë tempo afgekoel word. Die vitrifikasie medium bevat kriobeskermmiddels wat die embrio tydens die vitrifikasie proses teen moontlike skade beskerm. Hierdie proses is aanvanklik voorgestel om oortollige embrio’s doeltreffend te bestuur. Dit bied ŉ koste effektiewe metode vir embrio terugplasing, en verlaag die insidensie van veelvoudige swangerskap. Vitrifikasie bied pasiënte met ŉ hoë risiko vir ovariale hiperstimulasiesindroom (OHSS) ‘n alternatief om nadelige kliniese simptome te vermy indien ŉ swangerskap bereik word. Tegnologiese vordering en voortdurende navorsing ondersoek voortdurend nuwe tegnieke vitrifikasie uitkomste te optimaliseer. Fokus word geplaas op die draertoestel wat gebruik word vir vitrifikasie, die dag waarop die embrio's gevitrifiseer en gestoor word, sowel as die aantal embrio’s wat met elke vitrifikasie siklus teruggeplaas word. Hierdie retrospektiewe studie het bevestig dat die gebruik van die Cryotop® die mees suksesvolle toestel vir oorlewing en swangerskap uitkomste is. Die terugplasing van dag 5 gevitrifiseerde embrios het beduidende hoër swangerskapsyfers as dag 6 embrios tot gevolg gehad. Die resultate het ook aangedui dat die aantal embrio's wat teruggeplaas word 'n beduidende uitwerking op die swangerskapsyfer het. Daar kan dus moontlik teen die implementering van 'n enkel embrio-terugplasing neiging in die vitrifikasie program geargumenteer word. Resultate het ook getoon dat optimale uitkomste verwant is aan ŉ laer oösiet ouderdom, alhoewel dit nie in die groep pasiente statisties bewys kon word nie. 'n Literatuurstudie oor AH (Assisted Hatching) op gevitrifiseerde/ontdooide menslike embrio’s is uitgevoer om die vitrifikasie/ontdooi program verder te optimaliseer. AH bied ‘n oplossing vir Zona pellucida verharding, wat tydens vitrifikasie plaasvind. Verdere studies, 'n meta-analise van die literatuur, sowel as 'n prospektiewe studie om die effek van laser AH in gevitrifiseerde/ontdooide menslike blastosiste by Drs Aevitas Instituut vir reproduktiewe medisyne te evalueer, word voorgestel.

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Tompkins, Keith Brian. "Reproductive Manipulation and Larval Rearing Techniques of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42112.

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This thesis was conducted to evaluate the potential of obtaining yellow perch eggs and fry by controlling the reproductive cycle of broodfish and the techniques used to rear the resulting fry. Chapter 1 is a review of literature pertaining to yellow perch culture and related topics. Chapter 2 is a study of yellow perch broodstock exposed to a 6-month, artificial photothermal cycle and injected with LHRHa and pimozide to induce spawning. The mean gonadosomatic index for manipulated females was 24.2% and the mean fertility of eggs from manipulated females was 26.5%. The fertilization rate was significantly greater among strip-spawned females than tank spawned females (p < 0.05). The time to ovulation after injection showed a negative correlation (r2 = 0.505) with the mean oocyte diameter of manipulated females. Chapter 3 is a study comparing the performance of larval yellow perch reared in a recirculating system fed only live rotifers (T1), in a recirculating system fed live rotifers and an artificial diet (T2) and in a greenwater system (T3). Survival was low in all treatments. The specific growth rate did not differ among treatments over the first 6 days. The percentage of fry with inflated swimbladders and absorbed yolksacs did not differ by day 6. While T3 larvae began ingesting food earlier than T1 and T2, the percentage of fry ingesting food did not differ among treatments by day 6 (p >0.1). The total percentage of skeletal deformities was greater in T3 than either T1 or T2 (p < 0.05) and may have been due to excessive handling of T3 larvae during hatch-out. Chapter 4 outlines the costs associated with a yellow perch hatchery designed around photothermally manipulated broodstock. This hatchery model produces four separate spawns annually, yielding 644,000 fingerlings year-1. Including start-up, fixed and variable costs, such a facility can produce 3" (76mm) fingerlings for $0.20 fingerling-1 for the first 5 years of operation, $0.16 fingerling-1 for the second 5 years and $0.06 fingerling-1 after 10 years.
Master of Science

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Ryan, Mandy. "Economics and the patient's utility function : an application to assist reproductive techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282688.

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This thesis questions the assumption that health outcome is the only relevant argument in the patient's utility function. Following this, consideration is given to deciding which methods to use to establish what attributes there are in the patient's utility function and the relative weights to these attributes. Two methods are assessed and considered appropriate: contingent valuation and conjoint analysis. These methods are applied to assess the benefits from assisted reproductive techniques. An attempt is made to determine both the presence and relative importance of health and non-health attributes in the infertile person's utility function. The results from these empirical studies provide evidence of both the potential importance of factors beyond having a child and the sensitivity and applicability of the tools used to establish the relative importance of possible utility bearing attributes in the infertile person's utility function. The factors identified include: knowing you have done everything possible to have a child, the psychological feeling of disappointment, overall satisfaction with life following involvement with assisted reproductive techniques, the provision of follow-up support, and process type attributes such as continuity of care, attitudes of medical staff, waiting time and cost. Health economists concerned with developing economic instruments to measure utility from assisted reproductive techniques, and health care interventions more generally, should find the results useful. So too should those concerned with policy issues around the provision of assisted reproductive techniques and health care interventions more generally.

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Vinoos, Latiefa. "Out of pocket payment for assisted reproductive techniques: How to households recover?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27549.

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Introduction: The cost of ART remains amongst the most prevalent barriers to treatment, especially in resource limited countries where many people are poor and inadequately covered by private and public health insurances. This study aims to assess the financial consequences of out of pocket payment for ART in the South African setting and the ability of couples to financially recover. Methods: A prospective follow-up study was carried out at the Infertility Clinic of the Reproductive Medicine Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town. All 135 participants from the original study were invited to participate with no exclusion criteria. A six part questionnaire, developed for the original study, was adjusted to assess recovery from out of pocket expenditure for ART. Indicators of recovery included the recuperation of savings, settlement of debt and reacquisition of sold assets. Persistence of coping strategies such as reduction in spending and additional work was also assessed. Results: A follow-up rate of 54% percent was achieved. The minimum and maximum follow up period was three and five years respectively. Nineteen percent of couples reported complete financial recovery, assessed as the recovery of savings, repayment of all debt and recovery of a sold asset. Forty percent of couples were unable to settle their debt incurred during the original study. The average amount still owed was R 7 750 (SD R5 140). At follow up, 75% of couples who had reduced expenditure to offset the original cost of ART were still reporting a reduction in expenditure while 39% were still engaged in additional work. The majority of couples reporting difficulties at the time of follow up in paying bills or for basic amenities and healthcare were from the poorest socioeconomic tertiles with 64% of all couples indicating that they were not coping financially at the time of follow up. Conclusion: This study documented a long-lasting impact of OPP for ART among all HH but especially among the poorest. Given the high prevalence of infertility, its impact on individuals, couples and communities, the associated mental, emotional and financial consequences, and existing barriers to adequate and affordable treatment should be minimised as South Africa is moving towards the implementation of a national health system.

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Patterson, Abby Rae. "Evaluation of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) ante-mortem diagnostic techniques." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Filetto, Juliana Nicolau. "Vivencias de homens e mulheres apos o fracasso da fertilização in vitro." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311138.

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Orientador: Maria Yolanda Makuch
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T15:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filetto_JulianaNicolau_D.pdf: 899402 bytes, checksum: b505244b4e512938da35a1ca1479c305 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Objetivo: Descrever as vivências de homens e mulheres ao estarem iniciando os procedimentos de fertilização in vitro (FIV) e em longo prazo após o fracasso da terapêutica. Metodologia: Para cumprir com os objetivos propostos foram feitos dois estudos qualitativos, ambos realizados no Ambulatório de Reprodução Humana do Departamento de Tocoginecologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (UNICAMP). Para o primeiro estudo foi escolhida uma amostra proposital por variedade de tipos - casais sem filhos, com filhos e que a mulher tinha filhos de um relacionamento anterior - que tinham realizado a FIV sem sucesso quatro a sete anos antes de serem entrevistados. O número de participantes foi definido conforme o critério de saturação da informação. Foram conduzidas entrevistas semi-estruturadas utilizando-se um roteiro temático, as quais foram gravadas e transcritas. Para o segundo estudo foi realizada uma re-análise das entrevistas de casais sem filhos realizadas quatro a seis anos após o fracasso da FIV do estudo acima e de casais sem filhos, que estavam iniciando pela primeira vez ou repetindo os procedimentos da FIV de outro estudo. O número de entrevistas analisadas foi definido conforme o critério de saturação da informação. Resultados: No primeiro estudo, homens e mulheres consideraram a FIV como uma experiência válida, apesar de alguns terem vivenciado dificuldades no relacionamento conjugal após o fracasso, as quais foram sendo superadas em longo prazo. Em relação às etapas do procedimento, alguns participantes se referiram ao desenvolvimento folicular como uma etapa difícil e dolorida e alguns acreditavam que a medicação tinha causado mudanças permanentes no corpo das mulheres. Os homens referiram a etapa da coleta do sêmen como uma experiência desconfortável. Após o fracasso da FIV, a maioria dos casais considerou a possibilidade da adoção, porém poucos adotaram e outros participantes se dedicaram a novos projetos de vida que não fosse o de terem um filho. Casais sem filhos decidiram realizar novas tentativas de FIV em outros serviços devido a necessidade de continuarem tentando. No segundo estudo, ao se contrapor as vivências de homens e mulheres, iniciando os procedimentos e em longo prazo, os participantes falaram que a decisão tinha sido baseada principalmente na certeza de sucesso e algumas mulheres mencionaram a necessidade de serem iguais às "mulheres férteis". Nas entrevistas dos homens, tanto no início do procedimento como em longo prazo, foi observado que a decisão tinha sido mais influenciada pelo desejo das parceiras pela gravidez. Em relação às etapas da FIV, as mulheres que estavam iniciando o procedimento, referiram as injeções de hormônios como preocupante, e em longo prazo, as consideraram doloridas e algumas, semelhante ao resultado do primeiro estudo, também acreditavam que a medicação tinha causado mudanças permanentes em seus corpos. Os homens, em geral, falaram da preocupação com a possível repercussão dos medicamentos na saúde da parceira. Algumas mulheres, tanto iniciando como em longo prazo, tinham a percepção de que a coleta do sêmen não tinha incomodado os parceiros. A mesma percepção foi mencionada pela maioria dos homens iniciando os procedimentos, embora a lembrança que prevaleceu em longo prazo foi a de ter sido uma experiência tensa e constrangedora. Conclusão: Homens e mulheres, devido à esperança pela gravidez, tendem a não se incomodarem com as exigências dos procedimentos, o que não ocorreu após o fracasso da FIV. Em longo prazo, homens e mulheres consideraram os procedimentos da FIV como uma experiência positiva e foram capazes de se dedicarem a outros projetos de vida, os quais foram considerados satisfatórios, exceto para os casais sem filhos.
Abstract: Objective: To describe the life experience of men and women at the beginning and after unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Methods: Two qualitative studies were conducted to achieve the proposed aims, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Participants for the first study were chosen using a purposive sampling per variety of types - couples without children, couples who already had children and wished to have another child, and couples in which the women had children from a previous relationship - that had experienced unsuccessful IVF four to seven years before the interviews. The number of interviews carried out was defined according to the criteria of information saturation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a thematic script, which were tape-recorded and transcribed. The second study was based on the re-analysis of the interviews of couples without children interviewed four to six years after an unsuccessful IVF from the study above and couples without children interviewed at the beginning of the procedures the first time they were participating or when repeating IVF from a previously conducted study. The number of interviews carried out was defined according to the criteria of information saturation. Results: In the first study, men and women considered IVF a positive experience, even though some couples recalled difficulties in their relationship after unsuccessful IVF, however they felt that their marital relationship had not been permanently affected. Regarding the stages of the procedure, some participants recalled follicular development as a difficult and painful stage in the treatment and some believed that the medication used during that phase had resulted in body changes, in some cases considered permanent. The men referred to semen collection as an uncomfortable experience. The majority of the couples had considered adoption, but only a few couples actually adopted and others participants had focused on new life projects other than having children. Couples who had no children recalled they had pursued treatment in other clinics due to the necessity to keep trying. In the second study, comparing men and women's life experiences at the beginning of the procedures and in the long-term, all participants recalled that their decision to undergo IVF had been based principally on the certainty of success, and some women referred to their need to be like "a fertile women". In men's interviews, at the beginning of procedures and in the long-term, it was observed that the decision to participate in IVF procedures had been mainly based on woman's desire of pregnancy. Regarding the stages of the procedures, women who were beginning the procedures referred the hormone injections as preoccupying and in the long term they remembered as painful stage and some, similar to the results of the first study, believed that had resulted in permanent body changes. Men, in general, referred to worries about the possible repercussion of the medicines used during this stage in their partner's health. Some women in the beginning and in long-term, had the perception that semen collection was not a stressful experience for the partners. A similar perception was mentioned by the majority of men beginning the procedures, although in the long term their recollection was of a stressful and embarrassing experience. Conclusion: Men and women due the hope for the pregnancy tend not to be bothered with the requirements of the procedures, different of what happened after IVF failure. In long-term, men and women, considered IVF procedures as a positive experience and were able to focus on other life projects, which were considered satisfactory, except for the couples without child.
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Tocoginecologia

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Botha, Barend HJ. "Systematic review: Availability, effectiveness and safety of assisted reproductive techniques in Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29315.

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STUDY QUESTION: What is the evidence pertaining to availability, effectiveness and safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa? SUMMARY ANSWER: According to overall limited and heterogeneous evidence, availability and utilization of ART are very low, clinical pregnancy rates largely compare to other regions but are accompanied by high multiple pregnancy rates, and in the near absence of data on deliveries and live births the true degree of effectiveness and safety remains to be established. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: In most world regions, availability, utilization and outcomes of ART are monitored and reported by national and regional ART registries. In sub-Saharan Africa there is only one national and no regional registry to date, raising the question what other evidence exists documenting the status of ART in this region. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A systematic review was conducted searching PUBMED, SCOPUS, AFRICAWIDE, WEB OF SCIENCE and CINAHL databases from January 2000 to June 2017. A total of 29 studies were included in the review. The extracted data were not suitable for meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHOD: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. All peer-reviewed manuscripts irrespective of language or study design that presented original data pertaining to availability, effectiveness and safety of ART in sub-Saharan Africa were eligible for inclusion. Selection criteria were specified prior to the search. Two authors independently reviewed studies for possible inclusion and critically appraised selected manuscripts. Data were analyzed descriptively, being unsuitable for statistical analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The search yielded 810 references of which 29 were included based on the predefined selection and eligibility criteria. Extracted data came from 23 single centre observational studies, 2 global ART reports, 2 reviews, 1 national data registry and 1 community-based study. ART services were available in 10 countries and delivered by 80 centres in 6 of these. Data pertaining to number of procedures existed from 3 countries totalling 4619 fresh non-donor aspirations in 2010. The most prominent barrier to access was cost. Clinical pregnancy rates ranged between 21.2% to 43.9% per embryo transfer but information on deliveries and live births were lacking, seriously limiting evaluation of ART effectiveness. When documented, the rate of multiple pregnancy was high with information on outcomes similarly lacking. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The findings in this review are based on limited data from a limited number of countries, and are derived from heterogeneous studies, both in terms of study design and quality, many of which include small sample sizes. Although representing best available evidence, this requires careful interpretation regarding the degree of representativeness of the current status of ART in sub-Saharan Africa. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The true extent and outcome of ART in sub-Saharan Africa could not be reliably documented as the relevant information was not available. Current efforts are underway to establish a regional ART data registry in order to report and monitor availability, effectiveness and safety of ART thus contributing to evidence-based practice and possible development strategies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): No funding was received for this study. The authors had no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42016032336

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Tomlins, Andrew Mark. "The analysis of male reproductive tract secretions and cells by modern nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263267.

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Tinnerholm, Ljungberg Helena. "Omöjliga familjen : Ideologi och fantasi i svensk reproduktionspolitik." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-122219.

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The relationship between the state and the people is a central theme in political theory. Discussions in this field have often centered on how a people can come to constitute a state. Less attention, however, has been directed toward the state’s role in constituting and recreating its people. This book examines the Swedish state’s role in forming the people by regulating the use of reproductive techniques: insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and donations of sperm and eggs. The study focuses on how the issue of assisted reproduction was handled and problematized in Swedish policymaking between 1981 and 2005. What problem representations dominated the political debates and decision-making processes surrounding assisted reproduction? How was conflict expressed within the field of reproductive politics (i.e., what aspects caused conflict or political disagreement)? How did collective fantasies play into the political treatment of reproductive technologies? Using historical government and Riksdag material, four major policy debates have been analyzed, from the first legal regulation of assisted reproduction in Sweden in the 1980s up until the inclusion of lesbian couples as beneficiaries of gamete donation. Theoretically, the study is inspired by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s political discourse theory, Lacanian psychoanalysis, and the “logics approach” developed by Jason Glynos and David Howarth. This combination of perspectives allows for a dual focus on both the form of political articulations and their affective force. Thus, the analysis tries to capture what was taken for granted within the discourse on reproduction (social logics), what arose as points of political conflict or contention (political logics), as well as the affective underpinnings of these social constructions and struggles (fantasmatic logics). The main result of the study is that even though the period saw a quite revolutionary development of new reproductive technologies, the reproduction policies under study took on much more moderate and hesitant character. Throughout the analyzed period there was a more or less consensual view that new reproductive technologies should only be allowed if they did not go against the “child’s best interest.” At the same time, there was significant political conflict over what constituted this interest. Moreover, the reforms that were made never fully embraced the radical implications of the new technologies. Rather, they clung on to previously established patterns of what a “real” family looked like. Thus, every move to allow a new technology or include another category of people as legitimate users of that technology was contingent upon the articulation of a discursive equivalence with previously naturalized methods of reproduction, ultimately taking the heterosexual, nuclear family as an implicit model. Finally, I argue that the production of “sense” in this terrain of radical undecidability was dependent on the mobilization of a series of collective fantasies about “natural life processes,” “nature’s imperfections,” “a humanist view of mankind,” “the stable, original nuclear family”, and so on.

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Burger, Riana. "Evaluation of spermatozoa DNA tests for an assisted reproductive techniques (ART) program : correlation with semen parameters and ART outcome." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80343.

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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: CHAPTER 1 A review of the application of traditional semen parameters for the investigation and diagnosis of male infertility and the role of predictive values in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) is presented. The importance of sperm morphology, with special emphasis on sperm morphology evaluation, is discussed. Also presented is an overview of the physiology of sperm DNA, the process of spermatogenesis, as well as the contribution of the spermatozoon to the embryo. The different causes of sperm DNA damage and techniques to determine DNA damage in spermatozoa are described. A survey is presented of the correlation of sperm DNA with sperm morphology. CHAPTER 2 All the materials and methods applicable to this study are described. Sperm morphology assessment and two different sperm DNA tests, the chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining test and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, are discussed in detail. CHAPTER 3 Results obtained in this study are presented. Results include the prevalence of abnormal sperm DNA and association with sperm morphology, specifically in the p-pattern and g-pattern morphology groups. Further results include the correlation of sperm morphology and sperm DNA with fertilization in vitro, embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. The percentage CMA3 positive spermatozoa (abnormal DNA) and percentage TUNEL positive spermatozoa (abnormal DNA) had a significant negative association with normal sperm morphology. P-pattern and g-pattern morphology groups differed significantly from each other for both CMA3 and TUNEL. A significant positive association between CMA3 and TUNEL was observed. No association between the percentage normal sperm morphology, percentage CMA3 positive spermatozoa and percentage TUNEL positive spermatozoa and IUI pregnancy outcome was observed. A significant negative association between the percentage TUNEL positive spermatozoa and IVF/ICSI pregnancy outcome was established. The percentage CMA3 positive spermatozoa had a significant positive (unexpected) association with IVF/ICSI pregnancy outcome. There was no association between the three variables and IVF/ICSI fertilization rates. A significant positive association between the percentage normal sperm morphology and IVF/ICSI embryo quality was found. There was a significant positive association between the percentage CMA3 positive spermatozoa and IVF/ICSI embryo quality (unexpected). The percentage TUNEL positive spermatozoa and IVF/ICSI embryo quality was negatively associated. CHAPTER 4 Interpretation of the results and future perspectives are discussed. The CMA3 staining test and TUNEL assay has a limited ability to distinguish between the p-pattern and g-pattern morphology groups. P-pattern spermatozoa are more likely to possess poor chromatin packaging and show increased levels of DNA fragmentation, but some p-pattern patients also may have normal DNA and g-pattern patients abnormal DNA. It is recommended that a sperm DNA test should be implemented routinely in andrology laboratories for the clinical diagnosis of sperm DNA damage in patients.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: HOOFSTUK 1 'n Samevatting wat handel oor die toepassing van tradisionele semen parameters vir die evaluasie en diagnose van manlike infertiliteit, asook die rol van voorspellingswaardes in kunsmatige voortplantingstegnieke word voorgelê. Die belangrikheid van sperm morfologie, met die klem op sperm morfologie evaluering, word ook bespreek. 'n Oorsig van sperm DNS fisiologie, die proses van spermatogenese, sowel as die sperm se bydrae tot die embrio word hier aangebied. Die verskillende oorsake van sperm DNS skade en die tegnieke om sperm DNS skade vas te stel, asook die die korrelasie tussen sperm DNS en sperm morfologie word ook bespreek. HOOFSTUK 2 Alle materiale en metodes wat van toepassing is op hierdie studie word beskryf. Sperm morfologie evaluering en twee verskillende sperm DNS toetse, die chromomycin A3 (CMA3) kleuringstoets en die “terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL)" toets, word ook in meer besonderhede aangebied. HOOFSTUK 3 Resultate wat verkry is tydens hierdie studie word hier uiteengesit. Resultate behels die voorkomsyfer van abnormale DNS en die assosiasie met sperm morfologie, spesifiek in die p-patroon en g-patroon. Verdere resultate sluit die korrelasie van sperm morfologie en sperm DNS met bevrugting in vitro, embriokwaliteit en swangerskap uitkomste in. Die persentasie CMA3 positiewe sperme (abnormale DNS) en persentasie TUNEL positiewe sperme (abnormale DNS) het 'n betekenisvolle negatiewe assosiasie met normale sperm morfologie getoon. P-patroon en g-patroon morfologie groepe het betekenisvol van mekaar verskil vir beide CMA3 en TUNEL. 'n Betekenisvolle positiewe assosiasie is tussen CMA3 en TUNEL waargeneem. Geen assosiasie is tussen die persentasie normale sperm morfologie, persentasie CMA3 positiewe sperme en persentasie TUNEL positiewe sperme en IUI swangerskap uitkomste waargeneem nie. 'n Betekenisvolle negatiewe assosiasie is tussen die persentasie TUNEL positiewe sperme en IVB/ICSI swangerskap uitkomste vasgestel. Die persentasie CMA3 positiewe sperme het 'n betekenisvolle positiewe (onverwags) assosiasie met IVB/ICSI swangeskap uitkomste opgewys. Daar was geen assosiasie tussen die drie veranderlikes en IVB/ICSI bevrugting nie. 'n Betekenisvolle positiewe assosiasie is tussen die persentasie normale sperm morfologie en IVB/ICSI embryo kwaliteit waargeneem. Daar was 'n betekenisvolle positiewe assosiasie tussen die persentasie CMA3 positiewe sperme en IVB/ICSI embrio kwaliteit (onverwags). Die persentasie TUNEL positiewe sperme het 'n negatiewe assosiasie met IVB/ICSI embrio kwaliteit getoon. HOOFSTUK 4 Interpretasie van die resultate en toekomstige vooruitsigte is bespreek. Die CMA3 kleuringstoets en TUNEL toets het 'n beperkte vermoë om tussen die p-patroon en g-patroon morfologie groepe te onderskei. P-patroon spermatozoa sal heel waarskynlik oor swakker chromatien verpakking en meer DNS fragmentasie beskik. Sommige p-patroon pasiënte mag egter normale DNS toon, terwyl g-patroon pasiënte abnormale DNS het. Die implementering van 'n sperm DNS toets in andrologie laboratoriums, vir die kliniese diagnose van sperm DNS skade in pasiënte, word aanbeveel.

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Costa, Eudriano Florêncio dos Santos. "Reproductive strategies of the marine fishes from the southwest Atlantic Ocean: an application of histological and image processing techniques." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-18062015-095137/.

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This thesis has hypothesised that species inhabiting different environments such as coastal and estuarine areas exhibit the same reproductive strategies in terms of oocyte development, oocyte recruitment and fecundity. Thus, the ovaries of Anchoa filifera, Cetengraulis edentulus, Citharichthys spilopterus, Stellifer brasiliensis, S. rastrifer, Menticirrhus americanus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis and Diplectrum radiale were examined using histology and image processing techniques. The fishes were captured bimonthly, from June (2012) to May (2013), in the coastal of Ubatuba and in the estuary of Cananéia, inner shelf of São Paulo State, Brazil. The ovaries were removed, weighed, fixed in formalin and prepared the histological sections. All sections were photographed and the images analysed using the free software ImageJ. The results revealed that all species exhibited asynchronous oocyte development, although some differences in the oocyte development pattern among species have been recorded. The stock of pre-vitellogenic oocytes can develop and be recruited into yolked stock at any time in all species. The simultaneous hermaphrodite D. radiale has an unrestricted testicular type with cystic spermatogenesis. In this species, the accessory reproductive structure has the function to store the hydrated oocytes up to the next spawning event and absorb non-spawned oocytes. The size at which the oocytes are recruited to vitellogenesis (ORS) showed difference among species. The total number of oocytes produced per development stage did not differ significantly between the congeneric species S. brasiliensis and S. rastrifer. However, the number of advanced vitellogenic oocytes varied among gonochoristic species and increased with increasing the ovary weight, total length and weight. The mean batch fecundity ranged from 1,644 in A. filifera to 58,884 oocytes in M. americanus, whereas the mean relative BF ranged 51 in D. radiale to 1,205 oocytes g-1 in C. spilopterus. The number of potential batches in the ovaries also differed among species, ranging from 1 in A. filifera, C. edentulus and M. americanus to 4 in C. spilopterus. Thus, the hypothesis of this thesis was rejected.
A presente tese testou a hipótese de que espécies que habitam diferentes ambientes, costeiros e estuarinos, apresentam as mesmas estratégias reprodutivas em relação ao desenvolvimento ovariano, recrutamento ovocitário e fecundidade. Desse modo, ovários de Anchoa filifera, Cetengraulis edentulus, Citharichthys spilopterus, Stellifer brasiliensis, S. rastrifer, Menticirrhus americanus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis e Diplectrum radiale foram amostrados e analisados através de técnicas histológicas e de processamento de imagens. As capturas foram realizadas no período de junho (2012) a maio (2013) na região costeira de Ubatuba e no estuário de Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil. Os ovários foram removidos, pesados, fixados em solução de formalina e obtidos os preparados permanentes. Todas as secções histológicas foram fotografadas e as imagens analisadas no programa ImageJ. Os resultados revelaram que todas as espécies apresentam desenvolvimento ovócitário do tipo assincrônico. O recrutamento ovocitário ocorre constantemente durante o período de desova das espécies. Os testículos do hermafrodita simultâneo D. radiale é do tipo irrestrito com espermatogênese cística. Nessa espécie, a estrutura acessória reprodutiva tem a função de armazenar os ovócitos hidratados até o próximo evento de desova e absorver ovócitos que não foram desovados (atresia). Os ovócitos das espécies iniciam a vitelogênese em diferentes tamanhos. O número total de ovócitos produzidos por fase de desenvolvimento não diferiram significativamente entre as espécies congêneres S. brasiliensis e S. rastrifer. No entanto, o número de ovócitos em vitelogênese avançada diferiu entre as espécies gonocóricas. A fecundidade média por lote variou de 1.644 em A. filifera a 58.884 ovócitos em M. americanus, enquanto que a fecundidade relativa variou de 51 a 1.205 ovócitos g-1 em D. radiale e C. spilopterus, respectivamente. O número de lotes potenciais presentes nos ovários também diferiu entre as espécies, variando de 1 em A. filifera, C. edentulus e M. americanus a 4 em C. spilopterus. Assim, a hipótese postulada inicialmente foi rejeitada.

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Widén, Frederik. "Porcine cytomegalovirus : studies on the viral genome and development of novel diagnostic techniques /." Uppsala : Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för veterinärmedicinsk mikrobiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv, 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6388-2.pdf.

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Sherwood, Kerry Anne. "Out-of-pocket payment for assisted reproductive techniques in the public health sector in South Africa - how do households cope?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11154.

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Includes bibliographical references.
In South Africa assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are poorly covered by health insurances or government funding thereby often inflicting out-of-pocket payment (OPP) on patients. This can create treatment barriers or high financial burdens for households, with unknown consequences of the latter. This is the first study from South and sub-saharan Africa which explores the impact of ART-related OPP on households. The study was undertaken at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, where ART is subsidized but patients have to contribute to the cost of treatment. Eighty six consecutive IVF/ICS/ cycles were prospectively analysed through patient interviews. Data included socio-demographic, economic, and infertility information, emotional and financial stress among participants, as well as coping and financial strategies adopted by households. In keeping with international recommendations, catastrophic expenditure was defined as a direct cost of all ART cycles in the last 12 months equal to or exceeding 40% of the annual non-food households expenditure.

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McGee, Marcus. "THE USE OF NONINVASIVE MONITORING TECHNIQUES FOR PROFILING HORMONAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE CYCLICITY IN DOMESTIC AND NON-DOMESTIC SPECIES." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-02102009-145608/.

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Accurately examining animal endocrine profiles pose unique challenges due to possible human interaction influencing basal values. Standard methods of gathering information about an animals endocrine status are often dependent upon restraint and use of invasive methodologies. However to accurately monitor the influence management practices, blood sampling sometimes requires that hormone measurements be observed from animals in a relaxed state. To this end, methods for non-invasive monitoring (NIM) are greatly needed to obtain basal endocrine measurements. Such methods include fecal collections followed by hormone extraction, and remote sampling technologies for obtaining blood samples without handling. The overall objective of this study was to use NIM techniques to effectively collect and monitor hormone profiles from domestic and non-domestic species in an effort to more completely understand stress responses and reproductive cyclicity in animals in which handling may not be possible or desired.

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Rincón, Castellanos Ximena. "¿Bioética y derecho para qué y para quiénes? Discusiones en torno a la regulación de las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida en Colombia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116735.

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Bioethics and law for what and whom? Discussions about the Regulation of assisted reproductive techniques in ColombiaThe recent concern for the normative regulation of assisted reproduction techniques (ART), raises discussions about how to manage the embryos, how many times to use a sample, how to define parenthood, and other issues. However, it has not been questioned who would be favouredwith these regulations and what is their contribution to social equity and development for an entire country. Considering that the urgency to guarantee the sexual and reproductive rights —theoretical framework invoked to require ART— should be aimed at reaching a fair society.The proposed analysis will be undertaken considering the case of applying the ART for surrogate mothers in Colombia. The paper presents the context in which it is intended to apply the normative regulation, alongside the review of some conceptual and empirical contributions by Michael Sandel concerning trends in surrogate motherhood among «developed» and «third world» countries. This should allow considering the profiles of fertility in Colombia as a sign of inequality in our country.Subsequently, we will approach the current legal discussion in Colombia concerning surrogate motherhood, from the only case of surrogate motherhood resolved by the Colombian Constitutional Court and the bill projects presented in the Colombian Congress to regulate this issue. Finally,we will present some reflections and discussion on the normative regulation of the ART and surrogate gestation, and the law as a transmission belt of varied interests, that is, that it ought to lead to common good, solidarity and cooperation, and not simply function as a regulator that ensures the fulfilment of contracts.
Las recientes preocupaciones por la regulación normativa de las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida (TRHA) suscitan especialmente discusiones sobre cómo administrar los embriones, cuántas veces usar una muestra, cómo definir la filiación, entre otros. Sin embargo, no se ha cuestionado directamente a quienes estaría amparándose con estas regulaciones y cuál sería su contribución a la equidad social y al desarrollo de todo un país, pues la urgencia de salvaguardar los derechos sexuales y reproductivos —marco teórico invocado para exigir la regulación de las TRHA— debe apuntar necesariamente a la consecución de una sociedad menos desigual.El análisis propuesto será abordado a partir del caso de la aplicación de las TRHA para la maternidad subrogada en Colombia. En el artículo se presenta inicialmente el contexto en el cual se pretende la regulación de la maternidad sustitutiva, revisando algunos aportes conceptuales y empíricos de Michael Sandel sobre las tendencias de la maternidad subrogada entre los países «desarrollados» y los del «tercer mundo», para luego ver los perfiles de fecundidad en Colombia, como una muestra de la inequidad existente en el país.Posteriormente, se hará una aproximación al debate jurídico existente en el país, a partir del único caso de maternidad sustitutiva resuelto por la Corte Constitucional Colombiana y los proyectos de ley que han sido presentados en el país como intentos de regulación de esta materia. Finalmente, se llevarán a cabo algunas reflexiones y discusiones sobre la regulación normativa de las TRHA y la gestación sustitutiva, para que el derecho opere como verdadera correa de transmisión de variados intereses sociales1, es decir, que conduzca más bien hacia el bien común, la solidaridad y la cooperación, y no actúe como un simple regulador que asegure el cumplimiento de los contratos.

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Rossi, Andrea da Silveira. "Demanda e barreiras para o acesso a serviços de reprodução assistida de pessoas vivendo com HIV no Brasil : perspectivas de gestores, profissionais e usuários." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309017.

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Orientadores: Eliana Amaral, Maria Yolanda Makuch
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T13:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rossi_AndreadaSilveira_D.pdf: 2215950 bytes, checksum: c190d83a71722140f11b48daa634163e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Objetivo: Identificar quais Serviços de Reprodução Assistida (SRA) e Serviços de Assistência Especializada em HIV e Aids (SAE) do Sistema de Saúde Pública do Brasil, que oferecem atendimento a pessoas vivendo com HIV com desejo reprodutivo e descrever as vivências, informações adquiridas e barreiras encontradas pelos gestores de programas, profissionais de saúde e usuários, relacionados a essa demanda. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal através de entrevistas telefônicas com 69 gestores dos programas de saúde da mulher (PSM) e 69 de DST/Aids, estaduais e municipais associado a estudo de casos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais e usuários soropositivos de um serviço de reprodução assistida (SRA) e um serviço de atenção especializada em HIV/Aids (SAE) por região geográfica do país. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados quantitativos e análise temática do conteúdo para os dados qualitativos. Resultados: Foram realizadas 64 entrevistas com gestores dos PSM, sendo identificado apenas um SRA universitário que atendia casais soropositivos. Nas 63 entrevistas realizadas com gestores dos Programas de DST/Aids, constatou-se que 64% dos SAE estaduais e 73% dos municipais ofereciam orientação reprodutiva. As dificuldades relatadas pelos gestores para não oferecimento de apoio à reprodução incluíram falta de decisão política, de recursos humanos e financeiros. Nas entrevistas com os profissionais dos seis SAE visitados, foi observado que o foco dos atendimentos era na prevenção, principalmente através do uso do preservativo. A falta de encaminhamentos apropriados e a desatualização do conhecimento científico foram frequentes nos relatos dos profissionais dos serviços. A dificuldade em falar sobre o desejo reprodutivo nas consultas foi observada nas falas dos profissionais e também dos usuários. Para os últimos, isso esteve associado ao medo da discriminação e do preconceito. Entretanto, através da 47 entrevistas realizadas com usuários, o desejo de ter filhos foi vivenciado de maneira natural e expresso independentemente de se ter ou não parceiro fixo, mas, para aqueles que possuem parceiros fixos, o fato de não ter filhos da atual união pareceu aumentar a intenção reprodutiva. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a existência de demanda reprimida para reprodução de casais vivendo com HIV, a falta de aconselhamento reprodutivo nos SAE e de investimento em SRA que atenda a essa população, havendo um único SRA universitário no país que oferece esse tipo de atendimento. A falta de integração entre os vários setores sugere a ausência de políticas públicas voltadas para o aconselhamento reprodutivo e a necessidade de diretrizes nacionais específicas voltadas para a redução da transmissão do HIV durante todo o contexto reprodutivo
Abstract: Objective: To identify assisted reproductive services(ARS) and specialized HIV/AIDS services within the Brazilian public health system that provide care to people living with HIV who desire a child and describe the experience, the information, and the barriers encountered by program managers, healthcare professionals and users with respect to this demand. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study in which 69 women's healthcare program managers and 69 STD/AIDS program managers at both state and municipal level were interviewed by telephone, in association with a case study conducted through semistructured interviews with professionals and users of one ARS service and one HIV/AIDS service in each geographical region of the country. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and thematic content analysis of the qualitative data were performed. Results: Sixty-four interviews were conducted with women's healthcare program managers. Only one university ARS provided care to seropositive couples. Of the 63 interviews carried out with STD/AIDS program managers, 64% of the state and 73% of the municipal HIV/AIDS services were found to offer reproductive counseling. The difficulties offered by managers as reasons for not providing reproductive support included a lack of political decision and of human and financial resources. At the six HIV/AIDS services the professionals revealed that the focus of consultations was on the prevention, lack of appropriate referrals and outdated scientific knowledge were frequently reported. Difficulty in discussing reproductive issues was perceived in the interviews with the professionals and also with the users. In the latter case, this was associated with a fear of discrimination and prejudice. Nevertheless, as shown in the 47 interviews conducted with users, the desire to have a child was experienced as a natural part of life and was expressed irrespective of whether the individual had a steady partner or not; however, in the former case, the fact of not having a child with the individual's current partner appeared to increase the desire for a child. Conclusion: These findings suggest the existence of a repressed demand for reproduction of PLWHA and lack of reproductive counseling was observed at all HIV/Aids specialized services, as well as investment in ART services to be provided to HIV-positive couples, based on the finding that only one university ART service in the country offers this type of care. Lack of integration between the various sectors suggests an absence of public policies on reproductive counseling and a need for specific national guidelines aimed at reducing HIV transmission within the whole context of reproduction
Doutorado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Doutor em Tocoginecologia

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Huber, Karen E. "Sex and its consequences: abortion, infanticide, and women’s reproductive decision-making in France, 1901-1940." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1187032776.

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19

McGee, Marcus. "The use of non-invasive monitoring techniques for profiling hormonal changes associated with stress and reproductive cyclicity in domestic and non-domestic species." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-02102009-145608.

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20

Bourrion, Bastien. "Poids économique de l'infertilité et évolution du recours aux traitements médicamenteux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR007.

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La prévalence de l'infertilité ne cesse d'augmenter et constitue un réel enjeu de santé publique, tant par les défis liés au traitement et à la prise en charge qu'elle suppose que par le poids économique qu'elle engendre. Pourtant les données sur la prise en charge de l'infertilité, hors aide médicale à la procréation, sont peu nombreuses. Le recours aux bases de données médico-administratives françaises doit nous permettre de pallier ce manque. Dans cette thèse, nous avons valorisé le poids économique du recours au traitement de l'infertilité d'une cohorte de femmes en population générale et d'une cohorte de femmes ayant eu un cancer pédiatrique (cohorte FCCSS). Nous avons montré que le coût annuel moyen par femme de la prise en charge de l'infertilité dans chacune de ces populations était respectivement de 2 018 euros (IC95% : 1 609 ; 2 428) et 2 924 euros (IC95% : 2 133 ; 3 715). Sur une période de suivi de 3,5 ans, nous avons estimé le poids économique en population générale à 70,0 millions (IC95% : 57,6 ; 82,4) d'euros pour 10 000 femmes âgées de 18 à 50 ans. Contre toute attente, une part importante des dépenses observées est liée au traitement médicamenteux de l'infertilité (citrate de clomifène et gonadotrophines), surtout en début de traitement. Nous avons analysé le recours à ces deux classes de traitement, d'un point de vue pharmaco-épidémiologique, entre 2010 et 2017. Nous avons observé une diminution significative des prescriptions du citrate de clomifène en parallèle d'une augmentation significative des prescriptions des gonadotrophines. Ces tendances étaient influencées par l'âge, l'APL et le FDep13. D'autre part, le type de traitement du cancer reçu dans l'enfance avait un impact significatif sur les dépenses associées à l'infertilité. La radiothérapie seule était associée à des coûts plus élevés que l'absence de traitement par radiothérapie ou chimiothérapie. Dans un contexte socio-démographique d'augmentation du recours au traitement de l'infertilité, cette thèse ouvre la voie à de futurs travaux sur l'identification des parcours de soins qui permettraient une analyse plus fine du recours aux traitements de l'infertilité et de ses déterminants
The prevalence of infertility is constantly on the increase and represents a real public health issue, both in terms of the challenges involved in treatment and care, and the economic burden it generates. However, data on infertility treatment, excluding medically assisted reproduction, are scarce. The use of French medico-administrative databases should enable us to fill this gap. In this thesis, we have assessed the economic cost of infertility treatment in a cohort of women in the general population and in a cohort of women who have had pediatric cancer (FCCSS cohort). We showed that the average annual cost per woman of infertility treatment in each of these populations was €2,018 (CI95%: 1,609; 2,428) and €2,924 (CI95%: 2,133; 3,715) respectively. Over a follow-up period of 3.5 years, we estimated the economic burden in the general population at 70.0 million (CI95%: 57.6; 82.4) euros per 10,000 women aged 18 to 50. Unexpectedly, a significant proportion of observed expenditure is related to drug treatment of infertility (clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins), especially at the start of treatment. We analyzed the use of these two treatment classes, from a pharmaco-epidemiological point of view, between 2010 and 2017. We observed a significant decrease in prescriptions for clomiphene citrate alongside a significant increase in prescriptions for gonadotropins. These trends were influenced by age, LPA and FDep13. On the other hand, the type of cancer treatment received in childhood had a significant impact on infertility-related expenses. Radiotherapy alone was associated with higher costs than no treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In a socio-demographic context of increasing use of infertility treatment, this thesis paves the way for future work on the identification of care pathways that would enable a more detailed analysis of infertility treatment use and its determinants

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Carvalho, Paula Galdino Cardin de. "Homoparentalidade feminina: nuances da assistência à saúde durante concepção, gravidez, parto e pós-parto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-12042018-143259/.

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Com a possibilidade de acesso a tecnologias reprodutivas cresce o número de mulheres em relação homoafetiva que engravidam e buscam o sistema de saúde. Estudos mostram que a qualidade do atendimento pode ser afetada por questionamentos inadequados, homofobia e comunicação heteronormativa. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a percepção de mulheres em relação homoafetiva sobre a assistência à saúde recebida durante concepção, gravidez, parto e pós-parto em serviços públicos e privados na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Neste estudo qualitativo foram entrevistadas de forma individual 19 mulheres que tiveram filhos biológicos durante uma relação homoafetiva, totalizando a história de dez casais. Os resultados apontam que o acesso aos serviços públicos de concepção permanece exclusivo aos casais inférteis heterossexuais. Os casais homoafetivos precisam escolher entre tratamentos médicos caros e invasivos no sistema privado ou uso de inseminação caseira com esperma de doador conhecido, técnica não regulamentada no Brasil e que pode acarretar problemas legais futuros caso o doador decida requerer direitos de paternidade. Mais do que apenas eventos biológicos, a concepção, gestação, o parto e a amamentação possuem dimensões sociais e relacionais importantes de vínculo da parceira que não gesta com o bebê, e também com a companheira que está grávida. No entanto, a reprodução ainda requer a legitimação e o reconhecimento das especificidades de casais homoafetivos por diversos atores envolvidos nesse processo, entre eles os profissionais da saúde. Após a gravidez, a maioria das participantes foi atendida no sistema suplementar de saúde e, apesar da avaliação positiva em geral, foram relatadas situações de desconforto com a postura dos profissionais em diversos momentos, incluindo suposição de heterossexualidade; formulários e orientações voltadas para pai/mãe, questionamento da legitimidade do casal e algumas situações de discriminação e privação de direitos. Os avanços e limites do reconhecimento desse momento para ambas as mulheres, com ênfase na inclusão da parceira que não está biologicamente grávida, foram aspectos destacados pelas participantes deste estudo como determinantes na qualidade dessa experiência de parentalidade. Mesmo com a conquista de direitos legais, como a aprovação do casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo, entre outras, muitas instituições e profissionais de saúde continuam despreparados para oferecer assistência adequada para casais homoafetivos. Diferentes intervenções podem melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados prestados aos casais homossexuais, incluindo a implementação de leis e políticas públicas; mudanças estruturais dentro do sistema de saúde; e melhor treinamento para profissionais de saúde. A reivindicação é por uma mudança cultural que exige a participação ativa dos profissionais de saúde, gestores e responsáveis por sua formação.
With improved access to reproductive technologies, more women in same-sex relationships are choosing to plan pregnancies and are accessing the health system for care during conception, pregnancy, delivery and postpartum. Studies show the affect that homophobia, heteronormative communication, and inappropriate questioning by healthcare practitioners can have on the quality of care that is given. The objective of this study is to understand the perceptions of women in a same-sex relationship on the quality of healthcare received throughout conception, pregnancy, delivery and postpartum while using public and private health services in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. In this qualitative study, 19 women who had biological children while in a same-sex relationship were interviewed, amounting to the shared histories and experiences of ten couples. Access to conception services provided by the public health system in Brazil remains exclusive to infertile heterosexual couples, leaving many homosexual women to choose between two primary options. They can purchase costly medical treatments and services from the private health system or they can perform self-insemination using donated sperm. The latter technique is not regulated in Brazil and could expose women to potential legal problems associated with the possible decision of sperm donors to pursue paternity rights. More than just its biological impact, conception, gestation, childbirth, and breastfeeding have important social and relational effects on attachment for both the partner who is carrying the pregnancy as well as for the partner who is not pregnant with the baby. The legitimation and recognition of the specificities of samesex couples is required by several actors involved in this process, chief among them being health professionals. After pregnancy, the majority of the participants were attended to in the public health system. Despite predominantly positive evaluations overall, participants also reported some discomforting situations involving the behavior of health professionals including assumptions of heterosexuality; forms and orientations addressing parents as only father / mother, doubts or questions cast on the legitimacy of the couples\' relationships, and a few instances of discrimination and violated rights. Participants of this study highlighted how the acknowledgement of this moment for both women, with particular emphasis on the inclusion of the partner who is not biologically pregnant, is a large determinant of their perceptions on the quality of that parenting experience. Even with the advancement of legal rights such as the federal approval of same-sex marriage, among other civil rights achievements, many institutions and health professionals remain unprepared to provide adequate assistance and care that addresses the specific needs of homosexual couples. Different types of interventions can improve the quality of care provided to homosexual couples, include incorporating changes in laws/policies; structural changes within the health system; and better training for health workers. The aim is for a cultural change that requires the active participation of health professionals, managers, and those responsible for their training.

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Santoso, Benedicta. "The effect of sperm apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and semen sample handling on sperm parameters and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) outcomes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2373.

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Overall, this doctoral study aimed to contribute to the existing knowledge and clinical practice regarding male infertility, especially in relation to the potential sources and clinical impact of sperm apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the context of assisted reproductive technology (ART). This thesis encompasses three independent studies, each of which addresses a single aim related to different aspects of male infertility and ART practices. Study 1 examined the relationship between sperm apoptosis and ROS levels and ART outcomes. On the day of oocyte retrieval, the levels of sperm apoptosis (measured using Annexin V staining) and intracellular ROS (measured using dihydroethidium staining) were measured in neat and processed semen samples from a total of 170 male patients whose partners were undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment cycles. In general, higher levels of apoptosis and ROS were associated with lower sperm motility, sperm count and advanced paternal age. No correlation was observed between sperm apoptosis and fertilisation rate, blastulation rate, day 5 embryo quality (D5EQ) and clinical pregnancy. Similarly, there was no correlation between sperm ROS levels and fertilisation rate and clinical pregnancy. However, higher levels of ROS might be associated with poorer early stages of embryonic development, as indicated by blastulation rate and D5EQ. Together, the findings suggest that although sperm apoptosis and ROS had an adverse effect on sperm parameters, the effect on clinical outcomes was minimal. Study 2 compared the efficacy of three sperm preparation methods, namely density gradient centrifugation (DGC), the swim-up method and SeaforiaTM, in reducing the levels of sperm apoptosis and ROS. The measurement of sperm apoptosis and ROS levels were performed on a total of 17 pooled semen samples before and after sperm preparation. The main findings suggest that all three methods effectively reduced sperm apoptosis levels in the neat samples. However, only swim-up and SeaforiaTM were effective in reducing the ROS levels. Compared with DGC and swim-up, SeaforiaTM also produced samples with a higher total yield. Study 3 investigated the effects of different time intervals during ART sperm preparation on clinical outcomes. Three time intervals including pre-wash interval (time between ejaculation and sperm preparation), post-wash interval (time between sperm preparation and insemination/sperm injection) and total interval (time between ejaculation and insemination/sperm injection) were calculated and retrospectively analysed from a total of 8,079 IVF/ICSI cycles. The results showed that prolonged pre- and post-wash and total intervals had an adverse effect on sperm motility and clinical outcomes including fertilisation rate and pregnancy outcomes. Intracellular ROS production during prolonged incubation was considered to be the most likely facilitator of this observed effect. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that although their effect on ART outcomes were at low levels, higher levels of sperm apoptosis and ROS were associated with poorer sperm parameters, and suggestive of, a lower chance of natural conception. The cumulative findings of this thesis are indicative of the central role of ROS levels in sperm physiological functions and suggest that minimising intracellular ROS production through sperm preparation techniques and time optimisation may be beneficial to improving ART outcomes

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Hansson, Mats G. "Human dignity and animal well-being a Kantian contribution to biomedical ethics /." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : [Uppsala University] ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24766855.html.

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Medeiros, Fernanda Borges de. "Paternidade no contexto da prematuridade : da interação do bebê ao 3º mês após a alta hospitalar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134389.

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O presente estudo buscou compreender os percursos singulares rumo à paternidade no contexto da reprodução assistida, desde a gestação até o primeiro ano de vida do(s) bebê(s). Foi realizado um estudo de caso coletivo longitudinal. Participaram três homens que se submeteram, junto com as esposas, à fertilização in vitro, sendo a causa da infertilidade masculina ou mista. Os pais responderam entrevistas semiestruturadas em três momentos: a) terceiro trimestre de gestação; b) terceiro mês de vida do(s) bebê(s); e c) final do primeiro ano de vida do(s) bebê(s). Os percursos singulares foram relatados e analisados a partir da metodologia do relato clínico. Buscou-se, a partir daí, (re)construir esses três percursos, com seus desafios singulares de elaboração e integração da experiência da paternidade, bem como os desafios no percurso da pesquisadora. Pode-se perceber a solidão dos homens que passaram pela experiência da infertilidade e do tratamento, especialmente por eles terem referido que cuidaram mais do que se sentiram cuidados. Destaca-se a importância de se oferecer um espaço de escuta para esses homens, não só em uma situação de pesquisa, mas também na prática do profissional de saúde mental que trabalha nesse contexto.
This study investigated the unique pathways toward fatherhood in the context of assisted reproduction, from pregnancy to the first year of the babies’ lives. A collective longitudinal case study was conducted. Participants were three men who had undergone, along with their wives, in vitro fertilization. The cause of their infertility was male or mixed. Fathers answered semi-structured interviews in three moments: a) third trimester of pregnancy; b) their babies’ third month of life; c) their babies’ first year of life. The unique pathways have been reported and analyzed based on the clinical report methodology. These three pathways were (re)constructed, with their unique challenges concerning elaboration and integration of fatherhood experience, as well as the researcher’s challenges. Loneliness could be felt in the reports of men who have experienced infertility and treatment. They said they cared more than were cared for. The importance of providing a space for listening to these men is emphasized, not only in a research situation, but also in the practice of mental health professionals who work in this context.

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Mitchell, Aimee Marie. "The effects of release techniques on the reproductive performance and post-fledging juvenile survival of captive-bred Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) in the Nicola Valley, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/893.

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Reintroduction of captive-bred Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) in the Nicola Valley, British Columbia, has had limited success in increasing the local breeding population. Traditionally, yearling captive-hatched Burrowing Owls that were paired and released into artificial burrows in the field, held overnight, and provided with supplemental food throughout the breeding season (hard release) have had high post-release dispersal and mortality. In 2005 and 2006, I used an alternative soft-release technique to test for an improvement upon the hard-release technique. The soft release followed the same procedure as the traditional hard release but also included enclosures around burrow entrances to contain the owls for a 2-week period in the field prior to release. I compared immediate post-release dispersal, seasonal survival, and reproductive success for 37 hard-released and 30 soft-released pairs. I radio-tagged 39 of these released owls in order to accurately monitor their activities, regardless of whether they remained at release sites or dispersed. The soft-release technique led to 20% more owls remaining at the release sites, 14% more owls surviving the breeding season, and 20% more owl pairs fledging juveniles. In addition to investigating adult survival and reproductive success, I examined post-fledging juvenile survival, local recruitment, and habitat use, and adult prey consumption behaviour in order to assess the potential of these aspects to limit the success of the reintroduction. Survival and local recruitment rates of the juveniles of captive-bred adults released with two different techniques were similar to that of juveniles of wild adults in the same study area or in other parts of the Burrowing Owl's range. Juvenile habitat-selection analyses identified the importance of rangeland, and comparisons of prey consumption revealed the rapid development of foraging abilities by captive-bred Burrowing Owls. I concluded that these aspects of the owl's ecology were not negatively affected by a captive upbringing, and therefore not likely limiting the success of the reintroduction. Overall, the use of an enclosure-based soft-release technique addresses major limitations to the success of releases, and shows promise for increasing the breeding population in this region. This approach can also be applied to recovery efforts throughout the Burrowing Owls' range, and provide guidelines for other species' reintroduction programs.

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Chapman, Demian D. "Application of Molecular Techniques to Studies of the Reproductive Natural History and Conservation of Sharks: Case Studies Involving the Bonnethead, Sphyrna tiburo (Sphyrnidae) and Great White, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamnidae)." NSUWorks, 2003. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/301.

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Chapter 1: The great white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, is the most widely protected elasmobranch in the world, and is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN and listed on Appendix III of CITES. Monitoring of trade in white shark products and enforcement of harvest and trade prohibitions is problematic, however, in large part due to difficulties in identifying marketed shark parts (e.g., dried fins, meat and processed carcasses) to species level. To address these conservation and management problems, I have developed a rapid, molecular diagnostic assay based on species-specific PCR primer design for accurate identification of white shark body parts. The assay is novel in several respects: It employs a multiplex PCR assay utilizing both nuclear (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2) and mitochondrial (cytochrome b) loci simultaneously to achieve a highly robust measure of diagnostic accuracy; it is very sensitive, detecting the presence of white shark DNA in a mixture of genomic DNAs from up to ten different commercially fished shark species pooled together in a single PCR tube; and it successfully identifies white shark DNA from globally distributed animals. In addition to its utility for white shark trade monitoring and conservation applications, this highly streamlined, bi-organelle, multiplex PCR assay may prove useful as a general model for the design of genetic assays aimed at detecting body parts from other protected and threatened species. Chapter 2: Sharks and their relatives (Class Chondrichthyes) were the among the first vertebrates to evolve internal fertilization, yet our understanding of mating and parentage in this ancient group lags far behind many other animal groups. This is especially surprising because many shark populations worldwide are experiencing severe declines in abundance, and conservation planners are in dire need of basic information on their reproductive natural history. Based on a few genetic and field observational studies, current speculation is that polyandrous mating and multiple paternity may be as common in sharks as they are in most other vertebrate groups. Here, I examine this idea by genetically analyzing paternity in the hammerhead, Sphyrna tiburo (bonnethead), from the west coast of Florida, using the largest and most geographically widespread sample of shark litters analyzed to date. Contrary to expectations based on results from a few other shark species, the ability of female bonnetheads to store sperm and observations of their social behavior, I found that over 80% of females produced litters sired by a single male (genetic monogamy). This is the first record of this genetic mating system in this ancient class of fishes. When multiple paternity does occur in S. tiburo, I found no evidence for the involvement of any more than one additional male, no consistent pattern of paternity skew between fathers and an overrepresentation of multiple paternity in bigger litters with larger mothers. My results suggest that sharks and their relatives may exhibit diverse mating strategies and, as a result, some species may have a reduced capacity to maintain genetic variation in the face of large-scale depletion or changes in sex-ratio.

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ARAUJO, MARCIO M. de. "Esterilização de machos de Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) com irradiação gama visando controle em culturas de importância econômica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28032.

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Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824), causa danos diretos por alimentação e indiretos como vetor de vírus para diversos grupos de plantas. A principal forma de controle são os agroquímicos, portanto visando o manejo populacional sem impacto ambiental, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a dose de radiação gama que proporciona a esterilidade de machos, o seu consumo foliar e as alterações histológicas em suas gônadas. Os adultos foram submetidos à radiação gama (60Co) no terceiro dia após a emergência nas doses de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 Gy a uma taxa de 0,808 KGy/hora, totalizando 20 repetições/ dose. A dose esterilizante baseou-se na fertilidade de fêmeas sexualmente maduras acasaladas por machos irradiados. Os casais foram individualizados em \"arenas\" e alimentados com folíolos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) com gaze preta umedecida para oviposição. Os ovos foram tratados e dispostos em recipientes plásticos forrados com papel de filtro. Após a eclosão, as larvas foram transferidas para um recipiente maior com tampa telada contendo vermiculita fina e plântulas de milho (Zea mays L.) que foram substituídas a cada 10 dias, até a emergência do adulto. Após o 4º dia de irradiação disponibilizou-se um disco foliar de 3,2 cm de diâmetro por 24 horas, para cada casal. Os discos foram digitalizados e analisados no software ImageJ. Para avaliação das gônadas foram utilizados 3 machos por dose com 8 dias de idade dissecados em PBS e através da técnica de Hematoxilina Eosina as laminas foram avaliadas em microscópio óptico. Verificou-se que a esterilidade dos machos ocorreu a partir de 75 Gy e sua longevidade média foi de 12,5 dias. O consumo da área foliar dos casais constituídos por um macho estéril foi de 42,9% e a analise histológica testicular demonstrou desorganização nos tecidos e lacunas entre as células germinativas nas maiores doses de 75 Gy e 100 Gy.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Félis, Keila Cristina. "INFERTILIDADE TEMPORÁRIA RELACIONADA AO ESTRESSE EM MULHERES E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES PSICOSSOCIAIS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3599.

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This study aimed to understand the psychosocial effects of temporary infertility by stress in women. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with qualitative and exploratory approach. The approach used in this study included conducting interviews with ten women who had proven diagnosis of temporary infertility by stress, the analysis of the interviews was based on the perspective of Grounded Theory. After transcription and subsequent analysis of the interviews, explanatory categories that emerged from the speeches of the interviewees were: No biological problems, undiagnosed; Impacts on social relationships; Impacts on the marital relationship; and the dream realized and future action. The results showed that the numbers of years of infertility treatment more positively also negatively influenced the lives of these women generating psychosocial stress. This study allowed the understanding of the psychosocial effects of temporary infertility by stress in women, which may contribute to work teams in developing strategies to support these, however there is the consistent data literature related to the subject, even in modern times whose infertility problem already set as a public health problem with increasing incidence in the world population.
O presente estudo objetivou compreender as repercussões psicossociais da infertilidade temporária por estresse em mulheres. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo com abordagem qualitativa e exploratória. O procedimento metodológico utilizado nesse estudo compreendeu a realização de entrevistas com dez mulheres, que não apresentavam problema que impedisse a gestação mais tinham infertilidade temporária, a análise das entrevistas se baseou na perspectiva da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Após a transcrição e posterior análise das entrevistas, as categorias explicativas que surgiram dos discursos das entrevistadas foram: sem problemas biológicos, sem diagnóstico; repercussões nas relações sociais; repercussões na relação conjugal; e o sonho realizado e providências futuras. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os anos de tratamento de infertilidade influenciaram positivamente, mas também negativamente na vida dessas mulheres, gerando estresse psicossocial. Esse estudo permitiu a compreensão acerca das repercussões psicossociais da infertilidade temporária por estresse em mulheres, que pode contribuir para equipes de trabalho na elaboração de estratégias para o apoio a essas, entretanto não há na literatura dados consistentes relacionados ao tema, mesmo em tempos atuais cujo problema da infertilidade já se configura como um problema de saúde pública com crescente incidência na população mundial.

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Martim, Hamilton de. "Desenvolvimento de uma técnica para seleção de espermatozoides em amostra seminal não processada para utilização na injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5153/tde-11092017-101455/.

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Durante a injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI) seleciona-se um espermatozoide móvel e morfologicamente normal para injeção em ovócito maduro. Evidências recentes indicam que mesmo espermatozoides aparentemente normais podem ocultar defeitos em nível molecular. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a descrição de um novo método capaz de selecionar espermatozoides maduros a partir de amostras não processadas em procedimento de ICSI. Em um estudo comparativo e prospectivo testou-se uma gota estendida modificada. A \"gota estendida com mecanismo contracorrente\" - GEMC foi montada em uma placa de ICSI padrão a partir de seis gotas de meio de cultivo (10 ?L). O posicionamento e união precisa das gotas deram origem a dois reservatórios e um canal, resultando em um fluxo de líquido através do canal. A adição de uma solução de PVP (polivinilpirrolidona) gerou um gradiente de viscosidade no final do circuito. Amostras seminais foram obtidas de 40 pacientes inférteis. Cada amostra seminal foi dividida em 4 alíquotas: uma alíquota para o processamento por centrifugação em gradiente de densidade (CGD), uma alíquota para a GEMC utilizando amostras não processadas, uma alíquota para a GEMC utilizando amostras processadas e uma alíquota para controle. Nos grupos GEMC uma média de 200 espermatozoides foram consecutivamente coletados, sem seleção, no reservatório de captura utilizando-se uma micropipeta de injeção como no procedimento convencional de ICSI. A morfologia espermática foi avaliada e demonstrou melhora, comparando-se com os controles, em todos os tratamentos utilizados. A imaturidade da cromatina foi avaliada utilizando-se o teste do azul de anilina. Em relação à imaturidade, 100% dos homens obtiveram melhores resultados tanto após o preparo por CGD quanto utilizando o método GEMC. Isto se refletiu em uma redução das formas imaturas de 28.65 ± 8.97% no sêmen fresco para 17.29 ± 7.72% após processamento por CGD (P < 0.01). Uma redução ainda maior nas formas imaturas foi obtida após o método GEMC quando comparado com o processamento por CGD: 0.89 ± 1.31% (P < 0.01) utilizando-se sêmen fresco e 1.05 ± 1.63% (P < 0.01) utilizando-se amostras processadas. Um novo método unindo seleção e captura de espermatozoides em um mesmo procedimento de ICSI foi descrito e testado. O método GEMC seleciona espermatozoides de forma fácil e permite o uso direto de amostras não processadas em procedimentos de ICSI. Este método seleciona espermatozoides maduros com mais eficiência do que o processamento por CGD. Novos estudos são necessários para se analisar o impacto do método nas taxas de fertilização, desenvolvimento embrionário, gravidez, implantação e abortamento
During intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) a motile spermatozoon with normal morphology is visually selected for insemination of an oocyte. Recent evidence indicates that even though the sperm appears morphologically normal, a possibility of defects at the molecular level still exists. The main objective of this work was to describe a novel approach capable of selecting mature spermatozoa from unprocessed semen sample in a one-step ICSI procedure. A modified extended drop was tested in a prospective comparative study. The \"Gota Estendida com Mecanismo Contracorrente - GEMC\" (Positive Rheotaxis Extended Drop - PRED) was assembled on a standard ICSI dish and consisted of six culture medium droplets (10 ?L). The precise merging of the drops created two reservoirs and a channel therefore the fluid flew through the channel. The addition of a PVP solution created a viscosity gradient in the final sector of the circuit. Semen samples were taken from 40 subfertile men. Each semen sample was divided into four aliquots: one aliquot for density gradient centrifugation (DGC), one aliquot for GEMC using fresh semen, one aliquot for GEMC using processed semen and one aliquot for the control. In GEMC a mean of 200 spermatozoa were collected consecutively, without selection, from the outlet reservoir with an injecting pipette as for conventional ICSI procedure. Sperm morphology was assessed and resulted in improvement compared to controls in all treatments. Chromatin immaturity was assessed using aniline blue assay. Regarding to chromatin immaturity, 100% of men had better results after DGC preparation and GEMC approach. This was reflected in a mean reduction from 28.65 ± 8.97% uncondensed chromatin in the native ejaculates to 17.29 ± 7.72% in DGC processed semen (P < 0.01). An even greater reduction was achieved after GEMC approach showing a mean of 0.89 ± 1.31% uncondensed chromatin compared to DGC processed sample (P < 0.01). A novel one-step ICSI approach joining sperm selection and recovery was developed and tested. This GEMC approach can select sperm easily and permits the direct use of native semen in ICSI. This approach can select sperm with lower chromatin immaturity than DGC method. Further studies need to access its relation to fertilization, embryo development, pregnancy, implantation and miscarriage rates

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Sikorski, Christie Danielle. "REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DO FILHO BIOLÓGICO CONSTRUÍDAS POR MULHERES QUE, AO VIVENCIAR SITUAÇÕES DE INFERTILIDADE, OPTARAM PELA REPRODUÇÃO HUMANA ASSISTIDA." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/361.

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This research aims to analyze the social representations built by the women who experience situations of infertility, opted for the use of assisted human reproduction technologies to realize the biological son. Taking and exploratory qualitative research design, the used methodology has four steps: desk research, literature review, semi-structured interviews and analysis of empirical material. The research base covered services play in the State of Paraná , specifically in the cities of Ponta Grossa and Curitiba; that were being considered by women who chose, after having experienced the process of infertility (either feminine/masculine either ), the use of reproductive techniques with a view to achieving the biological child. Four women were the participants in this study. Following the study, we identified the empirical categories in order to develop knowledge on the subject, under the theoretical framework of Social Representations. The results of the research show that women surveyed attributed to the unique biological son importance. As a life project, his son appeared linked to the ideal of happiness, completeness and have it efforts were not measured (whether financial, emotional or relating to the change in relationships). The statement revealed that experiencing infertility was a painful experience and referred to feelings of frustration, sadness and helplessness. Although the diagnosis of infertility has been reflected both the infertile and for those who experienced the process, reports have shown that the experience was more striking for women. In turn, reproductive technologies have emerged as a solution to the implementation of the biological child. The adoption of the reports also emerged, but only as a second option. The elements of social representations that appeared strongly linked to the son were offspring resemblance, continuity. This research is expected to provide policymakers grants to improve and create policies on assisted reproduction, and particularly, to understand the explanations, meanings and motivations that involve biological motherhood, for the synthesis of this process resulted in the identification of issues that the tangents to the achievement maternity through the use of reproductive technologies ( and their consequences ) deserve special attention both from the government, as the private sphere , it is necessary to strive for realization of reproductive rights, as well as the appreciation of the mother-child relationship.
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as representações sociais construídas por mulheres que, ao vivenciar situações de infertilidade, optaram pelo uso das tecnologias de reprodução humana assistida para concretizar o filho biológico. Tendo delineamento qualitativo e caráter exploratório, o percurso metodológico se deu em quatro etapas: pesquisa documental, pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevista semiestruturada e análise do material empírico. O universo de pesquisa abrangeu serviços de reprodução localizados no Estado do Paraná, de forma específica nas cidades de Ponta Grossa e Curitiba, sendo que foram consideradas como sujeitos mulheres que optaram, após terem vivenciado o processo de infertilidade (quer seja feminina/quer seja masculina), pelo uso das técnicas reprodutivas com vistas à realização do filho biológico. Quatro mulheres foram as participantes desta pesquisa. Na sequência do estudo, identificaram-se as categorias empíricas no intuito de elaborar um conhecimento acerca do tema, sob o embasamento teórico das Representações Sociais. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que as mulheres entrevistadas atribuíram importância ímpar ao filho biológico. Como projeto de vida, o filho surgiu atrelado ao ideal de felicidade, completude e, para tê-lo, não foram medidos esforços (quer financeiros, emocionais ou ainda relativos à mudança nos relacionamentos). Os depoimentos revelaram que vivenciar a infertilidade foi uma experiência dolorosa e que remeteu aos sentimentos de frustração, tristeza e impotência. Embora o diagnóstico de infertilidade tenha tido reflexos tanto para o infértil quanto para aquele que vivenciou o processo, os relatos demonstraram que a experiência foi mais impactante para as mulheres. Por sua vez, as tecnologias reprodutivas surgiram como solução à concretização do filho biológico. A adoção também emergiu dos relatos, mas apenas como segunda opção. Os elementos de representações sociais que apareceram fortemente ligados ao filho foram: descendência, semelhança física, continuidade. Com esta pesquisa, espera-se oferecer aos formuladores de políticas públicas subsídios para aperfeiçoar e criar políticas sobre reprodução assistida, e, principalmente, compreender as explicações, significações e motivações que envolvem a maternidade biológica, pois a síntese desse processo resultou na identificação de que as questões tangentes à concretização da maternidade por meio da utilização das tecnologias reprodutivas (e suas consequências) merecem especial atenção tanto do poder público quanto da esfera privada, vez que é necessário primar pela efetivação dos direitos reprodutivos, bem como pela valorização da relação mãe-filho.

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Fontenele, Claudia Valença. "\'Quando nasce um bebê, nasce também uma mãe?\' : maternidade e reprodução humana assistida em mulheres laqueadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-11022011-092408/.

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Nesta tese analiso os percursos de mulheres laqueadas que desejam revisitar a maternidade com o suporte da reprodução humana assistida, identificando os agentes e as instituições de socialização que foram coadjuvantes em seu processo de decisão. A análise está centrada na compreensão de como é construído o percurso, desde o arrependimento da laqueadura, até a renovação do desejo de maternidade. Partindo da hipótese de que a maternidade e a criança consaguínea ainda são preponderantes na constituição da família, descrevi e analisei esses percursos e suas implicações no jogo da recomposição familiar, uma vez que a revisita à maternidade aparece como desejo seguido de ação, alguns anos após o estabelecimento do segundo leito conjugal. Durante a discussão, surgiram outras questões pertinentes, como a valorização do discurso acerca da origem dos indivíduos e, por consequência, da biologização do social e da naturalização dos papéis. O campo de estudo foi composto por mulheres que estão a espera do tratamento de reprodução humana assistida num hospital da rede pública de saúde do Estado de São Paulo. Encontramo-nos, as mulheres e eu, algumas vezes, ora todas juntas, ora individualmente, construindo nesses encontros um tanto de afetividade. Assim, o material foi composto por transcrições do grupo de discussão, das entrevistas e das anotações do diário de campo. A reprodução humana assistida se espraia, nos dias atuais, determinando o primado da biologia, da ciência que pode proporcionar a quem busca, a possibilidade de um bebê cuja fonte de material genético é segura, certa, gene do seu gene. E essa biologização do social traz, em seu bojo, outra questão subliminar, pois ao se submeter ao tratamento de reprodução humana assistida, a mulher perpetua e garante o ideal familiar, fundo de tela de sua própria educação: uma só mãe, um só pai, em resumo, uma única e indubitável origem. Há um discurso de revalorização da gravidez, evento biológico e biográfico por excelência. Seria importante que as mulheres que fizeram parte desse estudo, e tantas outras espalhadas por esse país, fossem mais bem informadas (sobre procedimentos contraceptivos, laqueadura, riscos, reprodução humana assistida, efeitos colaterais e possibilidades de sucesso, entre outros) para, de posse desses conhecimentos, fazer suas escolhas. Com autonomia
In this thesis I analyze the trajectories of sterilized women who wish to have a new experience of maternity by means of assisted human reproduction, identifying the agents and socializing institutions which contributed to the decision taken. The analysis focuses on the understanding of how the trajectory is constructed, from the repentance of the original sterilization through to the renewal of the desire for maternity. On the basis of the hypothesis that maternity and the blood relationship are still preponderant in the constitution of the family, the author has described and analyzed these trajectories and their implications in the act of the reconstruction of the family, seeing that the return to the renewed experience of maternity arises as a desire followed by action, some years after the establishment of the second marital relationship. During the discussions with the women involved, other relevant questions such as the greater value attributed to the discourse on the origin of individuals and, in consequence, of the biologization of the social dimension and of the naturalization of the roles involved, arose. The field of study consisted of women who were awaiting assisted human reproduction treatment at a hospital of the public health network of the State of São Paulo. We, the women concerned and the author, met on several occasions: sometimes all together, at others, individually, by means of these contacts building up a certain affection. Thus the material was composed of the transcriptions of the discussion group, of the interviews and of the notes made in the field diary. Assisted human reproduction is, nowadays, becoming widespread, determining the primacy of biology, of the science which can provide whoever seeks it with the possibility of having a baby the source of whose genetic material is safe, certain, genes of ones genes. And this biologization of the social dimension brings with it another subliminal question, because in undergoing assisted human reproduction treatment, the woman concerned perpetuates and guarantees the family ideal, the background of her own upbringing: only one mother, only one father, in brief: one only and undoubted origin. There is a discourse of the renewed value of pregnancy, a biological and biographical event par excellence. It is important that the women who participated in this study, and as many others scattered throughout this country, should be better informed (about contraceptive procedures, sterilization, risks, assisted human reproduction, its collateral effects and the possibilities of success, among other things) so that, once in possession of this knowledge, they might make their choices unconstrained.

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Leite, Stael Porto. "Analgesia para raspagem endometrial em mulheres com subfertilidade: ensaio clínico controlado com alocação aleatória das participantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-26042018-114427/.

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Objetivo: Avaliar se o uso de Ibuprofeno associado a lorazepam, ou isoladamente, reduz a dor máxima associada à raspagem endometrial. Adicionalmente, analisou-se se reduz a dor logo após o procedimento e a rejeição a um novo procedimento. Material e Métodos: Estudo controlado, duplo-cego, com alocação aleatória de mulheres em três grupos paralelos, na proporção de 1:1:1. Foram convidadas a participar desta pesquisa mulheres com idade >=18 anos em tratamento para infertilidade no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo e que realizaram raspagem endometrial para aumentar as chances de gravidez. Foram inclusas 150 mulheres. As mulheres de todos os grupos receberam dois comprimidos: um grupo recebeu Ibuprofeno 600 mg + Lorazepam 1mg (I+L); outro grupo, Ibuprofeno 600 mg + placebo (I+P); e o último grupo recebeu dois placebos (P+P). A injúria endometrial foi realizada aproximadamente uma hora após essas intervenções. O principal parâmetro avaliado foi a dor máxima durante o procedimento, mensurado por meio de uma escala visual analógica (EVA) de 100 mm e outra escala verbal numérica (EVN) de 11 pontos (0 a 10). Os desfechos secundários foram a dor logo após a procedimento aplicando EVA e EVN e a aceitação de um novo procedimento avaliado por uma escala de Likert de cinco pontos sobre a afirmação \"Eu repetiria este procedimento\". Os valores obtidos entre os grupos foram comparados por meio de ANOVA e Kruskal-Wallis e por ?². Resultados: Cento e cinquenta mulheres aceitaram participar do estudo, sendo randomizadas 50 em cada grupo. Essas mulheres receberam a intervenção proposta (I+L, I+P ou P+P) e foram submetidas à injúria endometrial, aproximadamente uma hora após a administração da intervenção. Não se observou diferença significativa entre os grupos na dor máxima durante o procedimento, mensurada por EVA, EVN, ou pela média entre essas medidas EVA/EVN. Também não se verificou diferença significativa entre os grupos na dor mensurada logo após o procedimento ou na aceitação de um novo procedimento. Conclusões: Durante o procedimento de injúria endometrial não houve diferença na quantificação da dor entre os grupos estudados. O uso de Ibuprofeno isolado ou associado ao Lorazepam não foi eficaz em reduzir o nível da dor ou mudar a aceitação do procedimento, quando comparado com placebo.
Objectives: To assess whether the use of Ibuprofen associated with lorazepam or alone reduces the maximum pain associated with endometrial scraping. Additionally, we will evaluate if it reduces pain soon after the procedure and the rejection to a new procedure. Materials and Methods: A double-blind controlled study with random allocation of women in three parallel groups, at a ratio of 1: 1: 1. Women who were >= 18 years old who underwent infertility treatment at HC-FMRP-USP and who underwent endometrial scaling to increase their chances of pregnancy were invited to participate in this study. 150 women were included in the study Women of all groups received two tablets: one group received Ibuprofen 600 mg + lorazepam 1mg (I + L); the other group ibuprofen 600 mg + placebo (I + P); and the last group received two 2 placebos (P + P). The endometrial injury was performed approximately one hour after the use of these interventions. The main parameter evaluated was the maximum pain during the procedure, measured by a visual analogue scale (EVA) of 100 mm and a numerical verbal scale (EVN) of 11 points (0 to 10). Secondary outcomes were pain right after the procedure using EVA and EVN and acceptance of a new procedure rated by a 5-point Likert scale on the statement \"I would repeat this procedure.\" The values obtained between the groups were compared by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis and by ?². Results: One hundred and fifty women accepted to participate in the study, and 50 women in each group were randomized. These women received the proposed intervention (I + L, I + P or P + P) and were submitted to endometrial injury approximately one hour after the intervention. There was no significant difference between the groups in the maximum pain during the procedure measured by VAS, EVN, or by the mean between these VAS/EVN measures. We also did not observe a significant difference between the groups in the pain measured immediately after the procedure or in the acceptance of a new procedure. Conclusions: During the endometrial injury procedure, no difference was observed in the quantification of pain between the groups studied. Use of ibuprofen alone or in combination with lorazepam was not effective in reducing the level of pain or changing the acceptability of the procedure when compared to placebo.

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Massager, Nathalie. "Les droits de l'enfant à naître: le statut juridique de l'enfant à naître et l'influence des techniques de procréation médicalement assistée sur le droit de la filiation :étude de droit civil." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212236.

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Nóbrega, Beatrice Nuto. "Avaliação da eficácia de uma estimulação ovariana controlada simplificada e de custo reduzido - um estudo piloto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-15012019-102453/.

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Introdução: As técnicas de reprodução assistida (TRA) são o principal tratamento para a infertilidade, que afeta 9-15% dos casais em idade reprodutiva. No entanto, o alto custo do tratamento, que se deve principalmente aos medicamentos utilizados para a estimulação ovariana (EO), muitas vezes é um fator limitante ao acesso e à continuação. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a viabilidade de um novo protocolo de OS simplificado e de custo reduzido, que inclui o uso de medicamentos orais e um menor número de injeções, a fim de idealizar um estudo clínico randomizado. Métodos: Foram convidadas a participar todas as mulheres que seriam submetidas a EO para TRA em um serviço de reprodução universitário no Brasil entre abril de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016 com <= 90 Kg, 18-40 anos e com uma contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) >=9. 40 pacientes que preenchiam aos critérios de inclusão concordaram em participar e iniciaram a EO no segundo ou terceiro dia da menstruação. O protocolo incluía letrozol 7,5mg/dia por 5 dias e citrato de clomifeno 100mg/dia até o dia da maturação folicular por via oral e uma injeção subcutânea única de corifolitropina alfa 100 mcg no terceiro dia de estimulação. O monitoramento com ultrassonografia foi feito no primeiro de estímulo, no oitavo dia e em seguida a cada dois dias. O desencadeamento da maturação final foi realizado com agonista do GnRH, leuprolida 1mg ou triptorelina 0,2mg, por via subcutânea. A captação de oócitos foi realizada 35-36 horas depois. Nenhum antagonista do GnRH foi usado na prevenção do pico precoce de LH. A maioria dos oócitos foi injetada e todos os embriões foram criopreservados para posterior transferência. Os resultados foram comparados com outras 40 pacientes submetidas à EO convencional no mesmo serviço e período de tempo, selecionadas aleatoriamente de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Ambos os grupos foram divididos em subgrupos de acordo com a CFA: 9-19 ou >19. Resultados: Não houve diferença entre o grupo controle e o da pesquisa quanto à idade, peso, índice de massa corporal e CFA. Os resultados para o novo protocolo foram: mediana de oócitos totais recuperados de 12 e de oócitos MII de 9. No subgrupo com CFA 9-19, as medianas foram de 9 e 7,5 e no subgrupo > 19 foram de 16 e 13. As taxas de fertilização e clivagem foram 72% e 93%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatísticaentre estes resultados e o grupo controle. A duração média da EO foi de 11 dias, 2 dias a mais em relação ao controle. Houve dois casos de síndrome de hiperestimulação ovariana, um moderado e um grave de acordo com os critérios de Golan. Ambos foram tratados clinicamente com hidratação, medicação sintomática e tromboprofilaxia, com melhora satisfatória em poucos dias. Conclusão: Apesar da duração mais longa da EO com o novo protocolo, o número de oócitos totais e MII recuperados e as taxas de fertilização e clivagem foram satisfatórios. Assim, este novo é viável para posterior avaliação em um estudo controlado randomizado.
Introduction: Assisted reproduction techniques are the main treatment for infertility, that affects 9-15% of couples at reproductive age. However, the high cost of the treatment, which is often a limiting factor to access and continuation, is mainly due to medications used for controlled ovarian stimulation (OS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a new friendly and low-cost OS protocol, including the use of oral and low-cost medications and reducing the number of injections, in order to enable the design of a large randomized controlled trial. Methods: All women undergoing ART with OS in a university fertility center in Brazil within abril-2015 to Feb-2016 with <= 90 Kg, 18-40 years, and with an antral follicle count (AFC) >= 9 were invited to participate. 40 patients which matched inclusion criteria agreed to participate and started OS on menstruation days 2 or 3. They received oral letrozole 7.5mg/day for 5 days and oral clomiphene citrate 100mg daily until the triggering. On stimulation day-3 they received a single dose of corifollitropin alfa 100mcg subcutaneously. Ultrasound monitoring started on day-8 and proceeded every other day. The final triggering was performed as usual with GnRH agonist, leuprolide 1mg or triptorelin 0.2mg, subcutaneously. The oocyte retrieval was performed 35-36 hours afterwards. No GnRH antagonist was used for prevention of LH surge. Most oocytes were injected and all embryos were cryopreserved for later transfer. Some patients decided for oocytes cryopreservation. The results were compared to other 40 patients who underwent conventional OS at the same service and period of time, randomly selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both groups were divided in two subgroups according AFC: 9-19 and >19. The primary outcome was the number of mature (MII) oocytes retrieved. Results: There was no difference in control and research group regarding age, weight, body mass index and AFC. The results for the new protocol were: the median number of total oocytes retrieved was 12 and of MII oocytes 9. In AFC 9-19 subgroup the median was 9 and 7.5 and in >19 AFC subgroup was 16 and 13. The fertilization and cleavage rates were respectively 72% and 93%. No statistical difference was found between this results and the control group. The median length of OS was 11 days, with a 2 days increase comparing tocontrol. There were two cases of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, one moderate and one severe according to the Golan criteria. Both were clinically treated with hyperhydration, symptomatic medication and thromboprophylaxis with satisfactory improvement within few days. Conclusions: Besides a longer duration in the OS, the number of total and MII oocytes, fertilization and cleavage rates were satisfactory. Thus this new friendly and low cost OS protocol is feasible for further evaluation in a randomized controlled trial.

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Adascalita, Lucia, Viorica Cazac, and Elena Ursu. "Interior textiles – motifs, meanings and reproduction techniques." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17979.

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The paper presents the result of the study with reference to the comparative analysis of the possibilities of aesthetic diversification of products through the prism of traditional textil, involving various motives.The concern for decorating the interiors of houses is attested since ancient times. The topics of interest are the most diverse, presenting various ornamental motifs: vegetal, anthropomorphic, scheomorphic, avimorphic reproduced by various sewing techniques but also by weaving. Depending on the predestination of textiles, there was a diversity of image complexity. Wall textiles feature complex patterns of ornamental compositions.

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Wilkinson, Anne. "Genentic techniques in human reproduction : the ethical implications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421360.

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Drouillard, Jill. "À la recherche du Dasein féminin : sexe, technique, et génération." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL058.

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La recherche du Dasein féminin est une enquête sur la relation symbiotique entre la femme et son environnement comme il se déroule durant une certaine période de l'histoire. En postulant l'existence d'une temporalité féminine particulière et d'une manière féminine d'être-au-monde, ce projet conteste la vision de Martin Heidegger selon laquelle le Dasein, dans sa neutralité, n'est d'aucun sexe. En commençant par souligner que la lacune de sa philosophie repose dans son incapacité à aborder le problème de la sexualité comme différence ontologique, ce projet fait appel à différents philosophes, notablement de la tradition féministe anglo-saxonne, afin de caractériser l'unique façon d'être de la femme. Dans la mesure où notre contact avec l'environnement est de plus en plus mêlé aux questions de la technique, je questionne la relation particulière de la femme à celle-ci, et spécialement à la technique reproductive qui marque de façon prégnante l'association historique des femmes à la « nature ». En m'appuyant sur la philosophie de L'Etre, de l’art, et de la technique de Heidegger, ainsi que sur différents penseurs de disciplines variées, j'esquisse une existence qui est singulier au féminin
The search for female Dasein is an inquiry into the symbiotic relationship between woman and her environment as it unfolds during a certain historical time. In postulating the existence of a particular female temporality and a feminine way of being-in-the-world, this project contests Martin Heidegger’s view that Dasein in its neutrality is neither of the two sexes. Beginning with the insight that the gap in his philosophy lies in his failure to address the issue of sexuality as an ontological difference, this project draws from diverse philosophers, particularly from the feminist Anglo-Saxon tradition to characterize woman’s unique way of being. Insofar as our engagement with the environment is increasingly entangled with questions of the technological, I ask whether woman has a particular relationship with technology, specifically reproductive technology where her historical association with « nature » becomes especially salient. Reading Heidegger’s philosophy of Being, art, and technology in conjunction with different thinkers across various disciplines, I sketch out an existence that is particularly feminine

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Vicensoto, Wagner. "Recepção de oócitos: estudo retrospectivo para análise da técnica." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2004. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/123.

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The oocyte donation and reception program is a technique in which female gametes from a woman (donor) are donated to other woman (recipient) in order to be fertilized with the respective recipient s husband spermatozoa. The present study analyzed fourteen patients who underwent 21 cycles of egg reception by this assisted reproductive medical technique at the Reproductive Medicine Institute (RMI) of São José do Rio Preto-SP, in the period from January 1998 to December 2002. The recipients age ranged between 29 to 49 years; the mean age 40 years. Ten patients (71.5%) did not report previous gestation, therefore considered women with primary infertility. In order to perform the indications to the oocyte reception we classified five patients (35.7%) as having premature menopause, five (35.7%) as ovarian failure, three (21.5%) as physiological menopause, and one (7.1%) as unsuccessful responder to previous treatments. Only six patients (42.9%) had not undergone previous infertility treatments. In 92.9% of the patients, the assisted reproductive technique used was the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). The number of embryos transferred per cycle was between two and four. A total of 21 cycles were performed with a rate of 52.4% of gestation per cycle and 71.5% gestation per patient. The rate of multiple gestations was 27.3%. Regarding the gestation evolutions, it was observed a rate of 36.4% of miscarriage and 63.6% of ongoing pregnancies, in which 9.1% had premature delivery, and 54.5% had full term delivery without intercurrences. The rate of home baby was 50%. The oocyte donation and reception program showed to be a successful technique, with excellent results, providing a feasible and ethic way of getting pregnant some selected patients who have otherwise been considered as having an infertility reserved diagnostic.
O programa de doação-recepção de oócítos é técnica pela qual os gametas femininos (oócitos) de uma mulher (doadora) são doados a outra (receptora) para que sejam fertilizados com espermatozóides dos respectivos maridos. Este estudo analisou quatorze pacientes submetidas a 21 ciclos de ovorecepção por técnica de reprodução medicamente assistida no Instituto de Medicina Reprodutiva (IMR) de São José do Rio Preto-SP, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. A idade das pacientes receptoras variou de 29 a 49 anos com média de 40 anos. Dez (71,5%) pacientes não referiram gestação anterior, sendo consideradas como infertilidade primária. Como indicações para realização de recepção de oócitos classificamos cinco (35,7%) pacientes como menopausa precoce, cinco (35,7%) como falência ovaríana, três (21,5%) como menopausa fisiológica e uma (7,1 %) como má respondedora. Apenas seis (42,9%) pacientes não haviam sido submetidas a tratamento anterior para infertilidade. Em 92,9% das pacientes foi utilizado a injeção intra-citoplasmática de espermatozóide (lCSl) como técnica de fertilização assistida. Foram transferidos por ciclo entre dois e quatro embriões. Dos 21 ciclos realizados obteve-se taxa de 52,4% de gestação por ciclo e de 71,5% de gestação por paciente. A taxa de gestação múltipla foi de 27,3%. Em relação à evolução das gestações observou-se taxa de abortamento de 36,4% e evolução da gestações em 63,6%, com 9,1% de parto prematuro e 54,5% gestações a termo sem íntercorrêncías. A taxa de "bebê em casa" foi de 50%. O programa de doação-recepção de oócitos mostrou-se técnica de excelentes resultados, representando uma forma viável e ética de se obter gestação em pacientes selecionadas que antes tinham diagnóstico reservado de infertilidade.

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Brière, Nicole. "Discernements éthiques sur les nouvelles techniques de reproduction humaine." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1990. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5496/1/000583340.pdf.

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Sazzad, TM Shahriar. "An automated approach to identify nongrowing follicles using digitized images of type P63 histopathology ovarian slides." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2032.

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Many developing countries are still facing challenges with limited access to fertility health services. Women face problems in conceiving due to many factors such as increasing age. In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments can assist these women but are considered too expensive. Medical pathology laboratories are searching for novel technologies that can improve microscopic slide testing of female ovarian reproductive tissues. Current electronic methods for the assessment of human ovaries are not suitable for analysis of ovarian reproductive tissues. Ultrasound method cannot be used to identify small ovarian Non-Growing Follicles (NGFs) that are responsible for reproduction. A computer assisted approach to overcome the problems associated with manual microscopic analysis of ovarian reproductive tissues could be beneficial in increasing the accuracy and speed of the analysis. Few studies have reported on the use of images and other artificial intelligence techniques for ovarian tissue samples and have mostly concentrated on the analysis of cancer cells or ovarian animal tissues which are different from human ovarian reproductive tissues. Other studies using human ovarian reproductive tissues have been limited in terms of accuracy. This research examines the possibility of developing an automated computer approach which will improve the practices of these pathology laboratories to analyse female ovarian reproductive tissues and assist medical practitioners to provide necessary fertility treatment. The objective of the research was to study existing computerized methods used in various tissue assessments; identify the gaps and limitations; and to propose a novel method on digitized colour images acquired from ovarian reproductive tissue slides. The following major research question has been addressed by the research study: “How to develop an automated approach to assist pathology experts to identify ovarian reproductive NGFs (Non-growing follicles) or simply ovarian reproductive tissues using digital images acquired from type P63 (counter and non-counter stained) histopathology ovarian biopsy slides?” In order to answer this question, the research was carried out in a number of phases to examine existing computerized techniques for impact assessment of the ovarian reproductive tissue analysis. The research used a mixed method approach based on a case study using experimental and engineering methodologies. The study also employed quantitative and statistical data analysis methods. The research was carried out as a series of research activities including data collection, image processing, development of proposed approach, assessment factors (different magnification and different stains), validation of results with manual microscopic analysis results and development of the framework. A series of 7 different approaches were examined which started with basic image analysis technique. Modification and further medications were carried out to find the best possible approach which maintains the “gold standard” criteria in comparison to manual microscopic analysis results. A novel proposed approach was developed which used two phases: (1) phase one include pre-processing (intensity correction, filter operation, colour image segmentation, intensity clustering, feature extraction approach to find out the most suitable features); and (2) phase two for identifications of potential ovarian NGFs using shape, size and colour features that were extracted in phase one. It was found that the accuracy rate was above 90% for all magnifications and stains used in this research study which maintains the “gold standard” criteria in comparison to manual microscopic analysis results. To increase the accuracy rate and to diminish the false error rate classification approach was incorporated. The proposed approach established the most effect techniques in comparison to existing available approaches. A novel intensity correction was proposed and incorporated at the beginning of pre-processing, fast reliable novel filter operation was developed and incorporated for filter operation, colour image segmentation was considered to use the colour features for identification of region of interest (ROIs) from other tissues, extraction of features to capture NGFs’ characteristics, and incorporation of domain knowledge to identify NGFs. Validation was carried out with experts’ manual microscopic analysis results and similar regions were analysed to minimize the experts’ observation variability issues to improve the accuracy rate. A prototype software tool was developed in MATLAB platform, which enables a non-expert to easily use and analyse the ovarian reproductive tissues without changing any processing parameter automatically by giving the image magnification and image type as input parameter. The proposed approach was found to reduce the time and effort required for the analysis without any human intervention. The novelty of the research is that the approach was fully automated; non-experts will be able to use this approach for analysis; and no change of processing parameter is essential for new image batch/batches. The approach was also accurate, reliable and provided repeatable results in comparison to manual microscopic analysis results. Further work could explore the modification of tissue parameters that could be used for other tissue analysis.

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41

Heiss, Detlef Guntram. "Calibrating the photographic reproduction of colour digital images." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24680.

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Colour images can be formed by the combination of stimuli in three primary colours. As a result, digital colour images are typically represented as a triplet of values, each value corresponding to the stimulus of a primary colour. The precise stimulus that the eye receives as a result of any particular triplet of values depends on the display device or medium used. Photographic film is one such medium for the display of colour images. This work implements a software system to calibrate the response given to a triplet of values by an arbitrary combination of film recorder and film, in terms of a measurable film property. The implemented system determines the inverse of the film process numerically. It is applied to calibrate the Optronics C-4500 colour film writer of the UBC Laboratory for Computational Vision. Experimental results are described and compared in order to estimate the expected accuracy that can be obtained with this device using commercially available film processing.
Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate

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42

Hogg, Carolyn J. "Development of a non-invasive technique to determine reproductive hormones in cetaceans." Faculty of Veterinary Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1865.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Reproductive physiology plays a vital role in population growth and vitality. Baseline data on reproductive physiology and a comprehensive knowledge of breeding biology are essential to conservation management. Great whales have been hunted from the 16th century to the present day. Although many populations are increasing there are populations with low or declining reproductive rates. In 2001 it was recommended to the International Whaling Commission that new techniques be developed to assess the internal physiology of great whales. This study, based on this recommendation, aims to develop analytical methods to assess reproductive hormones in cetacean blow samples and determine the feasibility of its use with free-swimming great whales. A method for the assessment of steroid hormone concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed and validated. These methods were then used to determine testosterone and progesterone concentrations in saliva and blow of bottlenose dolphins. The stability of testosterone and progesterone was found to be a major issue. Without inhibitors, hormone concentrations increased by up to 65% over three hours at 21oC. Storing samples at low temperatures (-20oC or -80oC) slowed but did not cease the rate of change. The addition of inhibitors, manganese chloride and amoxycillin potassium/clavulanate, improved the stability of testosterone and progesterone. It is proposed that when using dolphin saliva and blow samples to measure reproductive hormones the samples are extracted as soon as possible after collection to prevent degradation. This study highlighted the need to address steroid hormone stability prior to any longterm biological program, to ensure that changes seen in hormone concentration are due to biological activity rather than storage. A technique to collect blow samples from free-swimming great whales was developed. This technique, in conjunction with the specially developed LC-MS methods allowed for the determination of testosterone and progesterone concentrations in humpback whale blow. The techniques developed in this study to determine reproductive hormones in cetacean saliva and blow have applications for both captive and wild population studies. In captive institutions, saliva and/or blow can be used to monitor reproductive cycling in both females and males. As it is noninvasive it can be used on a daily basis with minimal stress to the animals. The use of blow sampling has the capacity to improve our understanding of reproductive cycling in great whales as it can be used to sample animals in both the breeding and feeding areas. This technique may allow us to now examine whether reproductive dysfunction is playing a role in the slow recovery of critically endangered species such as the North Atlantic right whale.

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43

Hogg, Carolyn. "Development of a non-invasive technique to determine reproductive hormones in cetaceans." Connect to full text, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1865.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 2006.
Title from title screen (viewed 15 January 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Veterinary Science. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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44

Hogg, Carolyn J. "Development of a non-invasive technique to determine reproductive hormones in cetaceans." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1865.

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Abstract:

Reproductive physiology plays a vital role in population growth and vitality. Baseline data on reproductive physiology and a comprehensive knowledge of breeding biology are essential to conservation management. Great whales have been hunted from the 16th century to the present day. Although many populations are increasing there are populations with low or declining reproductive rates. In 2001 it was recommended to the International Whaling Commission that new techniques be developed to assess the internal physiology of great whales. This study, based on this recommendation, aims to develop analytical methods to assess reproductive hormones in cetacean blow samples and determine the feasibility of its use with free-swimming great whales. A method for the assessment of steroid hormone concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed and validated. These methods were then used to determine testosterone and progesterone concentrations in saliva and blow of bottlenose dolphins. The stability of testosterone and progesterone was found to be a major issue. Without inhibitors, hormone concentrations increased by up to 65% over three hours at 21oC. Storing samples at low temperatures (-20oC or -80oC) slowed but did not cease the rate of change. The addition of inhibitors, manganese chloride and amoxycillin potassium/clavulanate, improved the stability of testosterone and progesterone. It is proposed that when using dolphin saliva and blow samples to measure reproductive hormones the samples are extracted as soon as possible after collection to prevent degradation. This study highlighted the need to address steroid hormone stability prior to any longterm biological program, to ensure that changes seen in hormone concentration are due to biological activity rather than storage. A technique to collect blow samples from free-swimming great whales was developed. This technique, in conjunction with the specially developed LC-MS methods allowed for the determination of testosterone and progesterone concentrations in humpback whale blow. The techniques developed in this study to determine reproductive hormones in cetacean saliva and blow have applications for both captive and wild population studies. In captive institutions, saliva and/or blow can be used to monitor reproductive cycling in both females and males. As it is noninvasive it can be used on a daily basis with minimal stress to the animals. The use of blow sampling has the capacity to improve our understanding of reproductive cycling in great whales as it can be used to sample animals in both the breeding and feeding areas. This technique may allow us to now examine whether reproductive dysfunction is playing a role in the slow recovery of critically endangered species such as the North Atlantic right whale.

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45

Payne, Darin Phillip Desser. "Assessing collaboration: Techniques, technologies, and cultural reproduction in the composition classroom." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280106.

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Despite proponents' claims of its embodying and enabling democratic action, collaborative learning in the composition classroom often functions to reproduce the privileged discourses and knowledge of dominant cultures, effacing and denying differences in race, class, and gender. Moreover, such functions are masked by normalized structural and discursive conditions of education and routinized pedagogical practices that rarely face critical scrutiny---what this dissertation refers to as the techniques and technologies of collaborative learning. If teachers and students in composition studies can engage in what Pierre Bourdieu calls epistemic reflexivity (a critical effort to unmask the social and intellectual unconscious embedded in routinized procedures of knowledge production), the collaborative classroom can become a site for resisting and critiquing, rather than reproducing, the status quo.

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46

Simon, Laurent. "Development of multichannel recording and reproduction techniques based on auditory perceptual cues." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844355/.

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In order to capture and reproduce sound all around the listener in a perceptually realistic way, a recording technique (microphone layout) and a reproduction system (loudspeaker layout) capable of accurate 360° imaging are required. In order to develop the reproduction system, binaural and loudspeaker-based localisation cues were investigated in a literature review. The necessary loudspeaker-based localisation cues to manipulate the location of a sound image were analysed, and these showed that the common 5.1 surround sound loudspeaker arrangement could produce stable images to the front of the listener but not to the side. An 8-channel loudspeaker configuration arranged as a regular octagon was therefore chosen based on attempting to recreate plausible interaural cues for all locations. The performance of this was compared to a 5.1 loudspeaker system in terms of localisation accuracy. It was shown that the octagonal loudspeaker configuration produces more stable and more accurate images all around the listener. The octagonal loudspeaker arrangement required new microphone techniques for optimum recording and reproduction. An overview of the current literature showed how localisation curves can be used to design microphone arrays, and the other physical and perceptual parameters that need to be considered in microphone array design. This showed that it is useful to derive localisation curves for the new loudspeaker configuration, as these can be used to optimise the microphone array's sound imaging accuracy. An experiment was therefore conducted to measure the localisation curves, and it showed that localisation curves are different for the loudspeaker pairs to the front, side or the rear of the listener. It also showed that to the side of the listener, interchannel time differences have little influence on the perceived location of the sound event. The derivation of these localisation curves enabled the development of a microphone array design tool that predicts the localisation profile of a microphone array as a function of its geometrical set-up and the directivities of the microphones. The predictions of this tool were evaluated by comparing sound image positions for recordings of ten sound sources with ten different microphone arrays. This showed that the error of prediction is small when the crosstalk due to the microphone array is low. A linear regression model was created and shown to reasonably model the error of prediction as a function of the crosstalk level and crosstalk delay.

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47

Simonneaux, Laurence. "Approche didactique et muséologique des biotechnologies de la reproduction bovine." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10003.

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Cette thèse porte sur la conception et l'évaluation d'éléments de préfiguration d'une exposition scientifique sur les biotechnologies de la reproduction bovine. La transposition didactique des savoirs biotechnologiques implique une démarche pluridisciplinaire. Dans une approche constructiviste, nous explorons tout d'abord l'univers conceptuel de différentes catégories de publics potentiels sur le thème. Du fait de la fonction inhérente aux biotechnologies de transformation du vivant au service des besoins de l'homme, nous nous attachons a identifier au-delà de l'état des connaissances des sujets, leur opinion dans les différents domaines de socialisation présents dans leur cadre de référence. Les traits socioculturels des sujets marquent leur univers conceptuel sur les biotechnologies de la reproduction animale. Puis, s'inscrivant dans une tentative d'épistémologie critique, l'analyse de l'histoire de la construction des savoirs étaye le choix des connaissances a présenter. Dans la conception du message, l'accent est mis sur la nature problématique de la construction des savoirs biotechnologiques. Une fois le message défini, convaincue que l'énonciation trahit la stratégie du scripteur, nous pesons nos choix langagiers au service des intentions poursuivies a partir de l'analyse linguistique d'une série de documents de vulgarisation. Les panneaux produits sont soumis a une évaluation formative, qui s'inscrit dans une approche expérimentale, auprès d'échantillons de trois catégories de public (un public adulte novice de haut niveau de certification, deux publics scolaires novice et familiarise de niveau baccalauréat). La lecture de la version enrichie de sous-titres et d'intertitres interrogatifs améliore de façon particulièrement significative l'appropriation de connaissances des élèves. Dans le même temps, les opinions sur les biotechnologies de la reproduction bovine ne sont pas modifiées: elles traduisent des états de grandeur et des représentations sociales fortement enracinées

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48

Bishop, C. M. "Monitoring of reproductive condition in birds utilising the noninvasive technique of faecal steroid analysis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234591.

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49

Wiertlewski, Mickaël. "Reproduction of tactual textures : transducers, mechanics, and signal encoding." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066648.

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La texture des surfaces est tactilement perçue principalement par les vibrations générées lors du glissement de nos doigts sur celles-ci. Malgré sa prévalence quotidienne, l'étude de l'interaction du doigt avec une texture, dans le cadre de la réalité virtuelle, n'a pas été approfondie en détail. Cette thèse explore une partie des facteurs qui contribuent à la mécanique de l'interaction entre un doigt et une surface avec pour objectif sa reproduction artificielle. L'enregistrement et la reproduction des textures tactiles sont premièrement discutés, accompagnés de la conception d'un appareil capable de précisément mesurer la force d'interaction émanant de la friction d'un doigt qui glisse. Le même dispositif piézoélectrique fut employé pour déformer à haute vitesse le bout du doigt, dans le but de reproduire la présence d'une texture. Ce travail est une nouvelle approche pour simuler la rugosité et la texture d'une surface virtuelle. La question de l'enregistrement et de la reproduction des surfaces texturées a motivé l'étude du comportement mécanique du bout du doigt. Cette étude révèle que le bout des doigts se comporte comme un ressort élastique dans les basses fréquences, et qu'après une fréquence de coupure d'environ 100 Hz, la réponse est dominée par l'amortissement visqueux, un fait qui n'a jamais été directement observé auparavant. Ensuite, les spécificités des signaux vibratoires créés par le frottement d'un doigt sur plusieurs textures furent analysées. L'expression des fluctuations de la force de friction en fonction de l'espace plutôt que du temps, indique que plusieurs caractéristiques du signal peuvent jouer un rôle majeur dans la perception tactile des textures. Cette thèse met en lumière l'importance de la mécanique et de la biomécanique pendant l'exploration haptique des surfaces et leur potentielle contribution à la perception. Collectivement, les résultats présentés dans cette thèse sont utiles pour la conception de meilleurs systèmes de réalité virtuelle et à d'autres applications.

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Blawut, Bryan Joseph. "Assisted Reproduction Techniques’ Effects on Sperm Physiology of the Freshwater Fish, Sauger (Sander canadensis)." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1607012858031537.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Reproductive Techniques'

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