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Journal articles on the topic 'Republic of Northern Macedonia'
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1
Mazepa, Diana. "Sytuacja polityczna Turków w Republice Macedonii i relacje turecko-macedońskie." Wschodnioznawstwo 14 (2020): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20827695wsc.20.014.13342.
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The political situation of Turks in the Republic of Macedonia and Turkish-Macedonian relations The Republic of North Macedonia is a small country on the Balkan Peninsula, which is characterized by the accumulation of many national and ethnic and religious groups in a small area (25 713 km2) – among them are Macedonians, Albanians, Turks, Roma, Vlachs, Serbs or Bosnians, as well as other smaller nationalities and ethnic groups. This article aims to present the origins of the Turks in Northern Macedonia, and at the same time to indicate the reasons for emigration from these areas and to present political parties and organizations representing the interests of Turks and their most important activities for the benefit of this minority. The article also analyze Turkish-Macedonian relations ranging from the proclamation of Macedonian independence to the accession of the Republic of Northern Macedonia to the structures of the NATO in 2020.
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Yarovyi, V., and I. Malatsai. "THE REPUBLIC NORTH MACEDONIA IN THE RESEARCH OF UKRAINIAN HISTORIANS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 148 (2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.148.13.
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The emergence of a sovereign state of the Republic of Macedonia in the early 90's of the twentieth century. revived interest in issues related to the population, history, culture and name of the state itself. The article analyzes the works of Ukrainian researchers devoted to the problems of the history of the modern republic of Northern Macedonia. The main scientific achievements of domestic historians who study problems that are of great scientific interest not only in Ukraine are analyzed. It is emphasized that only at the end of the twentieth century. In Ukraine, researchers began to pay active attention to the study of the historical past of Macedonia. Today we can identify the most researched issues of Macedonian history in domestic historiography. The first scientific works were devoted to the study of cultural relations between the Russian Empire and the population of the Macedonian lands in the second half of the nineteenth century. XX century, the study of the attitude of Western Europe and Russia to the situation of the Slavic population in the Macedonian lands at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. In the works of Ukrainian researchers, much attention is paid to the study of problems that are important for Ukraine – the process of formation of the national liberation movement. The preconditions for the emergence of Macedonian revolutionary organizations in the early twentieth century are studied. Ukrainian researchers are very interested in issues related to the proclamation and formation of an independent state, socioeconomic life and the development of interethnic relations in Macedonia in the second half of the twentieth century. Actively is investigate the causes, course and consequences of ethnic and political conflict in the early XXI century. At the beginning of the XXI century. a new stage in the development of the study of Macedonia in Ukraine began. As a result of cooperation between scientists of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Macedonia, scientific collections were published. The similar historical destiny of the Macedonian and Ukrainian peoples is important in the study of Macedonian issues in the historical science of Ukraine.
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Koteski, Cane. "TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION, RELEVANT - TYPICAL AND TOURIST REGIONAL SPACE SPACES IN THE BLACK RIVER BASIN IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3403701k.
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The scientific work covers and presents: territorial organization, relief type and tourist regional units in the Black River basin in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. The Crna Reka has a length of 207 km, with a total catchment area of 5 774.99 km 2, of which 4 869.72 km2 belong to the Republic of Northern Macedonia, while 905.27 km2 to the Republic of Greece. Given the enormous importance of the territorial organization and the relief for the daily life of the population in the settlements and 13 municipalities, as well as for the development of tourism, field surveys have been conducted in the period 2003-2018. Three thematic maps for the territorial organization, relief - type and tourist regional spatial units in the Black River Basin in the Republic of Northern Macedonia have also been prepared. Methods used in scientific research are: geographical, statistical - mathematical, cartographic and informational. The results are favorable for the development of urban and rural tourism of the population living in the settlements of the Black River basin in the Republic of Northern Macedonia.
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Pacarska, Valentina. "ACHIEVEMENT OF THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF GREECE." Knowledge International Journal 26, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij26061843p.
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The Republic of Macedonia proclaimed its independence on September 8, 1991, but its international recognition was blocked by Greece, which considered it to have an exclusive historical right over the name Macedonia that is carrying its northern province and that the use of that name is a sign of territorial claims to Skopje. Macedonia was admitted to the UN in 1993 under the provisional name of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, but most countries, including the United States and Russia, have recognized it under its name, the Republic of Macedonia.In 1995, Macedonia and Greece signed a provisional treaty in New York, which paved the way for the normalization of political and trade relations, leaving the problem with the country's name aside. Macedonia received the status of a candidate for EU membership in 2005, but not a date for start of negotiations, which requires a unanimous decision, which is not possible without the consent of Greece.In this thesis, there is an analysis between these two countries, from the period of signing the interim agreement, which required both parties to adhere to certain conditions, the events after the signing of the agreement until today.
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Karakiev, Todor, and Rossen Tzonev. "Saxifrago Ferdinandi-Coburgi-Seslerietum Actarovii - A New Association from the Subalpine Belt of the Slavianka (Orvilos) MTS. (Bulgaria)." Hacquetia 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10028-011-0004-8.
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Saxifrago Ferdinandi-Coburgi-Seslerietum Actarovii - ANew Association from the Subalpine Belt of the Slavianka (Orvilos) MTS. (Bulgaria)The paper discusses the phytosociological and syntaxonomical position of the dry subalpine grasslands in the Slavianka (Alibutoush, Orvilos) Mts. (South-Western Bulgaria, Northern Greece). A new associationSaxifrago ferdinandi-coburgi-Seslerietum actaroviiass. nova has been established as a result of the phytosociological study. It is considered as an endemic vegetation unit from the calcareous subalpine terrains in the Central Balkan Peninsula high mountains (Southwestern Bulgaria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Northern Greece). The new syntaxon belongs to the allianceEdrajantho-SeslerionHorvat 1949. A comparison with related syntaxa from other calcareous mountains from Northern Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is discussed.
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Mitrevska, Yagoda, and Dmitrii G. Seltser. "“Environmental Agenda” in the latest political history of Republic of North Macedonia (1990s – 2020s)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 1 (2022): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2022-27-1-300-312.
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The place of the environmental agenda in the general logic of the political process of the Republic of North Macedonia is analyzed. The genesis of the environmental agenda in Macedonian politics, its development in the public rhetoric of the establishment and the activities of political parties are revealed. The influence of political conjuncture, disposition and arrangement of po-litical subjects on the relevance of the environmental factor in Macedonian politics and socio-political processes is shown. The algorithm of the impact of the environmental agenda on the change of power in the country is demonstrated. The procedures for the pressure of opposition forces on the state at different stages of the country’s recent political history are detailed. Specific scenarios of transformation of the environmental agenda into a political one are described. A detailed description of the emergence and activity of environmental movements and parties, as well as electoral declarations of leading political parties on environmental issues are given. An explanatory model of the influence of the environmental agenda on the pendulum nature of the change of power in the country is created. A forecast is made for the prospect of preserving the environmental agenda in political and social discourse. The factor of international influence on the activation of the environmental factor in Macedonian political life is established. It is understood which political forces of Northern Macedonia and beyond benefit from maintaining the presence of the environmental theme in the political space.
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Mustafi, Mahije, and Sulbije Memeti Karemani. "THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN MACEDONIA." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 7 (November 12, 2020): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i7.2020.
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COVID-19 not only endangers human health but also hits hard on the economy. Isolation and paralysis of public life hits the economies of every country. Before analyzing the links between COVID-19 and the possible economic crisis, we can say that the crises in capitalism are inherent and the virus should be seen as a spark which accelerates the turbines that shake the system.
However, while insufficient to predict the extent of the damage that COVID-19 could do to the economy, this starting point is sufficient to anticipate the chain effects. The immediate effect of all these restrictions is the decline in economic activity, which results in declining production and rising prices. We can say that there is a direct cause-and-effect correlation between the virus and the crisis.
The economy of the Republic of Northern Macedonia has been hit hard by the Covid 19. pandemic. These six months have paralyzed almost all sectors of the economy in the country. Government aid packages were more social while those for business still remain unused.
Companies in northern Macedonia have already been severely affected. The closure of many businesses is accompanied by the dismissal of many workers, which is also associated with a social crisis.Growth in the country for 2020 is projected to be between -1.4 and -3.2 percent - which provides a baseline and unfavorable scenario due to the high uncertainty brought about by the pandemic.
In Northern Macedonia, improving governance and strengthening institutions are long-term policies that can address the main causes of continued emigration, in order to maintain a skilled workforce. This can be achieved by accelerating job creation, promoting the private sector, investing in higher education and increasing opportunities for women in the economy.
The capital of the diaspora influences the maintenance of social stability and the reduction of poverty in Macedonia and in the future the state should take it more seriously the investments of the diaspora.
Weak administrative capacity can cancel the implementation of reforms as well as large critical projects implemented with state guarantees. Political instability and insufficient reform progress could reduce investor confidence.
Northern Macedonia's accession to NATO and the official invitation of the EU Council to open negotiations for EU membership should help accelerate the recovery.
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Papp, Beáta, Jovana Pantović, and Marko S. Sabovljević. "Additions to the Bryophyte Flora of the Republic of Northern Macedonia." Cryptogamie, Bryologie 40, no. 15 (October 9, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2019v40a15.
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Vytev, Zhelao, and Hazir Gashi. "THE BASEL III REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND ITS IMPLICATION ON THE LIQUIDITY OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34010133v.
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The advent of the global financial crisis and its consequences have led the banking system to work towards more stringent regulatory rules. Additional regulatory requirements affect various aspects of banks' operations. In this regard, one of the most important questions that arises is how the implementation of the new Basel III regulatory framework affects the liquidity of banking institutions.The focus in this paper is the liquidity of the banks in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. The subject of the study is focused on the strength and direction of the impact of the new Basel III regulatory framework on their liquidity. The aim of the study is to reveal the effect of the use of modern regulatory requirements on liquidity of the banking system. A coefficient analysis is applied using a system of appropriately selected indicators: change (increment or decrease) of liquid and highly liquid assets, relative share of liquid and highly liquid assets in the structure of assets, coverage of liabilities with liquid assets, coverage of short-term liabilities with liquid assets, coverage of deposits by non-financial entities with liquid assets, “loans / deposits” ratio.The study includes observations on developments in the banking sector of the Republic of Northern Macedonia for the period 2007-2018. In terms of the impact of the new regulatory framework on banking liquidity, the twelve-year period analysed includes three distinct phases: 1) the time before the onset of the global financial crisis (until 2009); 2) the crisis period (2009 to 2012); 3) the post-crisis period (after 2012), during which the new regulatory measures are gradually moving (Basel III). For the purposes of the study, two working hypotheses are formulated: 1) first hypothesis - the new rules for regulating liquidity and capital adequacy have a negative or stagnant effect on the liquidity of banks in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, manifested in the form of sensitive fluctuations or in the form of sensitive fluctuations or a number of their financial liquidity indicators; 2) second hypothesis - the implementation of the new regulatory measures does not adversely affect banks' liquidity. The analysis of real empirical data shows that the implementation of the new regulatory measures does not have a negative impact on the liquidity of banks in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, but rather, a tendency to stabilize and improve a number of their key liquidity indicators.
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ĐUROVIĆ, SANJA ZORAN, GORDANA TOMOVIĆ, VLADIMIR STEVANOVIĆ, VLADO MATEVSKI, and MARJAN NIKETIĆ. "Silene triflora (Bornm.) Bornm. (Caryophyllaceae), a neglected species from the Central Balkans." Phytotaxa 172, no. 1 (June 11, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.172.1.1.
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Status of numerous taxa from Silene sect. Saxifragoideae is still taxonomically unresolved, especially in the Balkans. In 1925 Bornmüller described a taxon from northern part of the Republic of Macedonia, first as S. saxifraga var. triflora and twelve years later as a separate species S. triflora. This taxon is listed in the Flora of the Republic of Macedonia as a variety of S. saxifraga. In other regional Floras regarding the Republic of Macedonia and the Balkans it is not included at any subgeneric level, or as a synonym. Delimitation between S. triflora and S. saxifraga is discussed on the basis of multivariate analysis of morphometric and meristic characters. The most significant characters for distinguishing these two taxa are stem length, inflorescence length, longest internode length, middle leaf length and the number of flowers. Considering that it was perceived that these two taxa differ significantly only in the number of flowers, addition to the original description of S. triflora is given. A specimen designated here as lectotype is deposited in JE. Considering geographic range and the number of locations, as well as the number of mature individuals in the largest population IUCN threatened status vulnerable (VU) is proposed.
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Krestovskaya, T. V. "Taxonomic review of species of the Stachys section Candidae (Lamiaceae)." Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 48 (2017): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/novitates/2017.48.118.
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A taxonomic review of the Stachys L. section Сandidae R. Bhattacharjee is given. The keys for determination of the species and vareties are made. The section comprises 5 species cllassified into 2 subsections: Сandidae and a new monotypic subsection Stenophyllae Krestovsk. Two new nomenclatural combinations in the rank of varieties: Stachys iva Griseb. var. macedonica (Micevski) Krestovsk. and S. spreitzenhoferi Heldr. var. virella (D. Perss.) Krestovsk. are published, the latter in a new rank. The presented information includes main synonyms, type citations, ecology and distribution data. S. candida Bory et Chaub., S. chrysantha Boiss. et Heldr., S. spreitzenhoferi Heldr. are endemics of the southern Greece, S. iva Griseb. is endemic of the northern Greece and Republic of Macedonia, S. saxicola Coss. et Balansa — endemic of Marocco and Algeria.
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Tatarski, Jovana, Sandra Brkanlić, Javier Sanchez Garcia, Edgar Breso Esteve, Ivana Brkić, Marko Petrović, and Andrea Okanović. "Measuring Entrepreneurial Orientation of University Employees in Developing Countries Using the ENTRE-U Scale." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218911.
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This research examines the difference in the level of entrepreneurial orientation among university employees within the European Union compared to university employees in non-EU countries. The EU Member States included in the research are the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia, and the non-EU countries include the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Republic of Northern Macedonia. In the sample of 1474 respondents, the ENTRE-U scale was used to measure the entrepreneurial orientation of universities, and multivariate analysis of MANOVA variance was used for data processing. The ENTRE-U scale has proven applicable not only to developed countries but also developing countries. Moreover, it proved that being a member of the European Union in this part of Eastern Europe does not significantly affect the entrepreneurial orientation of universities.
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Marinković, Milan. "Motorization rate in Serbia, Republic of Srpska, Federation of BiH, Montenegro and North Macedonia." Put i saobraćaj 65, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.04.08.
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Motorization rate is defined in two ways. The first definition says that the degree of motorization is the number of inhabitants per passenger car while the second definition represents motorization rate as the number of passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants. As absolute saturation limit, 500 passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants are taken. This paper analyzes motorization rate for local government units in the territory of Serbia, Republic of Srpska, Federation of BiH and Montenegro. The number of inhabitants and the number of registered passenger cars were collected. In addition, the analysis was done for countries and entities. Also, the data has been collected for Northern Macedonia as a state. A comparison of the results obtained with other European and individual world countries for 2017 was made.
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Ameti, Ilaz, Xhelal Luma, and Jerina Vukaj Nazaj. "Labor Market as a Parameter of Macroeconomic Policies (Case Study with the Northern Republic of Macedonia)." Journal of Public Policy and Administration 3, no. 4 (2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jppa.20190304.11.
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Sinani, Abdulnaser, and Faton Murseli. "SOCIOLOGY OF COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN PESIMISM AND MODERNIZATION." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 6 (October 4, 2019): 1733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061733s.
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Communication today in both classical and new media has changed not only its way and access to interpersonal communications, but also in social relations. The world today, more than ever before, is in a struggle between classical communications, always overwhelmed by the pessimism of social developments, with new or modernized communications. Many scholars have put forward theories that testify to this war, even in the social context, that they make comparisons or connections of communicationbetween two sides of the Atlantic. The first one is on the sociological plane between European sociology and the second one onAmerican pragmatism. These relate in particular to the claims of the American empirical school and the Frankfurt school as well as to Habermasian and post-Habermasian theories of public space.This paper attempts to highlight this "war" that has a profound social impact on our lifestyles, approaches to various problems, combating misinformation or even harmful political decision-making. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to move away from the negative effects stimulated by this communicological transformation, to show that public action is not merely a passive conformism, to show that society is rational and dynamic, and that there are no externalities or absolute superiority of intellectuals. In addition, the paper will not eliminate the critics of negative phenomens whether they are consequences of shallow thoughts or low interests, or due to the lack of legal regulations in the Balkans and specifically in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, which would condemn the inclusion of negative innovations, misguided, and as consequence harmful to society.The paper will have a positive approach to today's technological developments that affect communication and social life in general. It will be an alarm case for intentional or unintentional deviations, which give alert for wrong decisions that result from sociological deviations in communication. The point of this paper is to presents a basis for study or concern, for this global transformation where local institutional issues have already taken on broad transnational character. In this context, caring for communication, especially its regular social development, would contribute to raising new dimensions of its true ideals of ethnic, political or even religious pluralism, and would represent the true ideal of not abandoning the vision of an open, multidimensional world. These are some of the most sensitive issues in the world, especially the Balkans, which will be approached with a positive and progressive look.This paper will be conducted through the survey method, and the content analysis. The public, especially the educated and critical public in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, as well as some of the traditional media and news portals in RMV, are subject of observation. In addition to the problematic rise that we claim to be world-specific but Balkan-specific, the work will extend to the communicational and sociological reality of the Republic of Northern Macedonia.
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Tešić, Dajana. "Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS along the Niš-North Macedonia highway." Zbornik radova Departmana za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo, no. 50-1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zbdght2101001t.
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Landslide events are a serious challenge worldwide, as well as in the Republic of Serbia. According to current estimates, 25-30% of the territory of Serbia is endangered by landslides. Due to intensive landslides, residential, infrastructural, energy, water management and industrial facilities, as well as natural and cultural goods are endangered. The subject of this paper is the use of GIS for the production of a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) in the area of the corridor of the highway E-75, section Niš - border of the Republic of Northern Macedonia. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of certain factors that influence the landslide events, as well as on the modifiers of the process itself. In this paper the following factors were selected for the assessment and susceptibility mapping: lithology, pedological factors, precipitation, aspect, slope, distance from watercourses, land use and distance from roads. The AHP method was then used to determine the relative significance and priority of predisposing factors. The layers were overlapped using ArcGISPro software. The results show that 17.2% of the surface is not susceptible (very low and low susceptibility), and 31.9% of the surface is prone to landslide events (high and very high susceptibility). The remaining 49.1% of the area belongs to the area of moderate susceptibility. Adding to this dense road network in the study area, as well as a large number of populated places, it can be concluded that the damage from the activation of the landslide would be significant. The results suggest that 60.7 km of the highway is in an area of high and greatest risk of landslides.
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Majhoshev, Darko, and Cane Koteski. "UNESCO LISTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE WORLD AND THEIR IMPACT ON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 5 (October 4, 2019): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34051265m.
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UNESCO was founded in 1946 as a UN specialized organization for the protection of the world's natural and cultural heritage, whose main mission is to protect, promote and promote education, science and culture at the global level, ie to promote and respect human freedoms and rights. UNESCO has 195 member states and 8 associate members. UNESCO operates in five major programs: education, natural sciences, sociology, culture and communications. UNESCO, in its activities related to the protection of the world natural and cultural heritage, maintains separate Lists for specific areas. The most famous lists run by this organization are: World Heritage List; List of World Heritage in Danger; World Heritage List Nominations; List of UNESCO Global Geoparks; List of Creative Cities; List of Intangible Cultural Heritage; UNESCO Atlas of the Worlds Languages in Danger (Atlas Map). These lists are important for the protection of the world's natural and cultural heritage, but they also have some impact on the sustainable development of tourism in the world. The Republic of Northern Macedonia, a member of UNESCO since 1993 with its natural beauties and cultural and historical heritage, is on some of the lists listed. The Ohrid region has been on the World Heritage List since 1979 and 1980 with its universal values, and in 2017 was nominated by the World Heritage Committee on the World Heritage List in danger of uncontrolled expansion. tourism, unplanned urban development and environmental destruction in the Ohrid region. The basic research question to be answered in the paper is "Are there natural or cultural heritage sites originating in the Republic of Northern Macedonia on the UNESCO Lists and does this affect the protection of the world's natural and cultural heritage and the development of sustainable tourism?".
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Jabłońska, Aleksandra, Jasna Vukić, Radek Šanda, Andrzej Zawal, and Michał Grabowski. "First report of Atyaephyra thyamisensis Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012 (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) from Albania and the Republic of Macedonia confirmed by DNA barcodes." Crustaceana 91, no. 5 (2018): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003792.
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Abstract The genus Atyaephyra de Brito Capello, 1867 consists of seven species, which are distributed in Europe, Asia Minor and northern Africa. Four of them occur on the Balkan Peninsula, which is known as one of the global diversity and endemism hotspots for freshwater fauna. Atyaephyra thyamisensis Christodoulou, Antoniou, Magoulas & Koukouras, 2012 has been known from Greek mainland and is considered as endemic to the Ionian region. Herewith we report the first finding of this species from the Adriatic region, i.e., Albania and Republic of Macedonia, including the ancient Lake Prespa, and we provide new localities from Greece. Given the subtle morphological features differing this species from other congeners, we support our findings with DNA barcodes.
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Siatkowski, Janusz. "Słowiańskie nazwy ‘źrenicy’ w świetle materiałów gwarowych i źródeł historycznych." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 45 (September 25, 2015): 143–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2010.009.
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Slavic names of the ‘pupil’ (‘źrenica’) in the light of dialect materials and historic sourcesDespite a considerable mixture of names of “the pupil”, their collateral use and not quite distinct borders of ranges of specified lexemes, it is possible to specify several express, albeit not quite well-defined, areals (map 1).In Russia and in eastern regions of Belarus and Ukraine, the name *z//orčьkъ (// > d) dominates. In the areal of this name, it is possible to define the areal of a separate or collateral occurrence of names *Z//ьrъkъ, more rarely *z//irъkъ (Z > s, ž; // > v) southward and eastward from Moscow, names *ględělьce, *ględělьca and *ględělьcь in the vicinity of Pskov and Novgorod and *čьrnyšь, *čьrnyšьkъ and *čьrnyšьko in the north of Russia.In Poland and in the Czech Republic, *GЪpanьnъka (GЪ > ø) occur, besides, *zьrěnica also occurs in Poland.In Ukraine and in eastern Belarus, *čelověčьkъ dominates, while *čelověčьko is less numerous; in southern Bulgaria, Macedonia and in Slavic settlements on the territory of Greece and Turkey the forms *čELoVěčę, *čELověčьlę and *čELoVěčьčь (EL > ø; V > ø) dominate.In Serbia and Croatia and somewhat in Slovenia and south-western Bulgaria, the name *zěnica prevails.Map 2 (motivation map) shows most visibly two types: from the verbs meaning ‘patrzeć’ („to see”), which occur in the prevailing part of the Slavic territory, and from the words meaning persons and things that are reflected in „the pupil” (‘źrenica’) and are represented in western Ukraine and western Belarus, on the prevailing territory of Poland, in the Czech Republic and Moravia, in the south-eastern part of Slovakia and also in Macedonia, southern Bulgaria and in Slavic settlements on the territory of Greece and Turkey. Both of these types were registered as a certain mixed type, in particular, in eastern Ukraine and eastern Belarus.The names that are motivated by the black color of “the pupil” (‘źrenica’) are found mainly in northern russian and in southern Macedonian dialects; less frequently they appear in the territory of Austria and in Łużyce. Motivation types from the names meaning round, shining and luminous objects, and from the names that are diminutive names of the eye are very sporadic and occur in great dispersion.
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Vytev, Zhelao, and Hazir Gashi. "EFFECT OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK BASEL III ON BENEFITS OF THE BANKING SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij310181v.
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Object of attention in the present work is the profitability and efficiency of banks in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. The subject of the study is focused on the strength and direction of influence of the new Basel III regulatory framework on their final financial results. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the effect of using modern regulatory requirements on the profitability of the country's banking system. The study includes observations on developments in the banking sector for the period 2007-2018. A coefficient of analysis is applied using a system of appropriately selected indicators: cost / income ratio, ROA, asset yield, earnings margin, unit costs, net earnings per share unit cost of staff efficiency factor. An analysis of real empirical data reveals that the implementation of the new regulatory measures does not have a negative effect on the final financial results of the banks, but rather a trend towards improvement of a number of their key financial indicators.
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Misoska, Ana Tomovska, and Rebecca Loader. "The role of school-based contact in reducing social distance: qualitative insights from Northern Ireland and the Republic of North Macedonia." Journal of Peace Education 18, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 182–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2021.1927685.
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Zhu, Jihe, Blagica Arsovska, and Kristina Kozovska. "ACUTE APPENDIX- STATISTICS ON PATIENTS IN SOUTHEAST REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN MACEDONIA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2015 TO 2020." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i10.2021.4307.
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In this research the analyzed data were obtained from the Department of Social Medicine of the Center for Public Health at PHI General Hospital - Strumica for patients with acute appendicitis from Strumica and from the department for Statistics of the Center for Public Health at PHI General Hospital - Gevgelija for patients with acute appendicitis from Gevgelija. 361 people diagnosed with acute appendicitis were analyzed in the period from 2015 to 2020. According to the results most of the patients were hospitalized in 2015 (20.2%) and 2016 (20.2%). The majority of respondents are aged 0-24 years (67.5%), while males have a higher risk of developing this disease (55, 9%). in 2017 the number was 40 (14.9%), in 2018, 43 (16%), and in 2019 the number of hospitalized with acute appendicitis was 40 (14.9%), equal to that in 2017. The average age at hospitalization is 23.4 years, 22.8 years for men and 24 years for women. In the number of hospitalized people belonging to the first three age groups from 0 - 24 years, 25-44 years and 45-54 years (0-54), there is a higher prevalence of male (57.4%) compared to female patients (42.6%), while the number of hospitalized patients belonging to the age groups of 55-64, 65-74 and over 74 years there is a higher representation of female (58.3%) compared to male patients (41.7%). The average morbidity rate per 10,000 inhabitants in the Southeast region is 4.1, with an average rate of 3.5 in Gevgelija and an average rate of 4.8 in Strumica per 10,000 citizens. The incidence of acute appendicitis is highest in children, adolescents and young adults, and continuously decreases with age.
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Struić, Gordan. "The Question of Public Participation in the Procedure for Authentic Interpretation of Laws." Review of European and Comparative Law 44, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.11433.
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Authentic interpretation of laws is an interpretation of legal provisions that, due to their lack of clarity or misinterpretation in their application, is provided by the parliament. Unlike the legislative procedure, which is conducted, as a rule, in two (exceptionally three) readings, a proposal for giving an authentic interpretation is discussed in one reading. Starting from the understandings of some authors that the act of authentic interpretation of laws is contrary to the principle of democratic pluralism, and that it lacks the necessary level of democratic control and citizen participation, the author examines whether the Croatian parliamentary law enables public participation in the procedure for authentic interpretation of laws and, if so, what legal instruments can be used to implement it in parliamentary practice. To this end, the paper analyzes several relevant constitutional, legal, and procedural provisions of the Croatian parliamentary law, with reference to a parliamentary practice. Given the fact that the procedure for authentic interpretation in the Republic of Croatia, the Republic of Northern Macedonia, the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Serbia is regulated in a similar way by the rules of procedure of their respective parliaments, the relevant regulations of the latter three countries on the possibility of public participation in this procedure are analyzed as well. It was concluded that Croatian parliamentary law enables public participation in the procedure for authentic interpretation, through the instruments of petition, information and involvement in working groups and working bodies, and the same instruments, with certain specifics, are recognized in the parliamentary law of the latter three countries.
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Dautel, Jocelyn B., Edona Maloku, Ana Tomovska Misoska, and Laura K. Taylor. "Children’s Ethno-National Flag Categories in Three Divided Societies." Journal of Cognition and Culture 20, no. 5 (December 11, 2020): 373–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340090.
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Abstract Flags are conceptual representations that can prime nationalism and allegiance to one’s group. Investigating children’s understanding of conflict-related ethno-national flags in divided societies sheds light on the development of national categories. We explored the development of children’s awareness of, and preferences for, ethno-national flags in Northern Ireland, Kosovo, and the Republic of North Macedonia. Children displayed early categorization of, and ingroup preferences for, ethno-national flags. By middle-childhood, children’s conflict-related social categories shaped systematic predictions about other’s group-based preferences for flags. Children of minority-status groups demonstrated more accurate flag categorization and were more likely to accurately infer others’ flag preferences. While most Balkan children preferred divided versus integrated ethno-national symbols, children in the Albanian majority group in Kosovo demonstrated preferences for the new supra-ethnic national flag. We discuss the implications of children’s ethno-national flag categories on developing conceptualizations of nationality and the potential for shared national symbols to promote peace.
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Miftari, Florije, and Besime Ziberi. "PUBLIC INVESTMENTS INCENTIVE FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH - CASE STUDY OF REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3101187m.
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The basic function of public finances is economic stability that implies the use of public finance instruments in order to stabilize economic cycles to achieve full employment, overall price stability, achieving an adequate rate of economic growth, a stable rate economic development.Governments to contribute to economic balances, job creation, and productivity growth tend to boost productive public spending by undertaking long-term activities in the sphere of public investment, namely public, health and education infrastructure, as well as in the sphere of research and development. Both theoretical and empirical studies conclude that public investment impacts on economic growth, represent an instrument of low growth, but their increasing effect is influenced by various factors such as economic circumstances, level of development the quality of governance, the efficient management of investment projects, the sectors in which it is invested, the capital fund, etc.The purpose of this paper is to research the short-term and long-term effects of public investments in the Republic of Northe Macedonia in economic growth. The analysis takes into account the data on the structure of public investment, gross domestic product for the time period 2008-2017. Using the multiple regression analysis OLS, we conclude that in the long run the impact of public investment on economic growth is symbolic given that a very small percentage of public expenditures for public infrastructure investments although Macedonia is characterized by a low capital public fund.
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Misoska, Ana Tomovska. "Giving children space to express themselves: exploring children’s views and perspectives of contact programmes in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Macedonia." Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 44, no. 5 (May 20, 2013): 778–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2013.792665.
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Stanev, Stanislav. "Connectivity in the Western Balkans Region - Difficulties, Challenges and Alternatives." SHS Web of Conferences 120 (2021): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112001013.
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The countries of the Western Balkans have declared their foreign policy priority membership not only in NATO but also in the European Union. Achieving these goals is associated with overcoming many challenges of different nature. Although not directly related to the country's de facto membership of the EU, its infrastructure and the level of its connection with its neighbors raises many of the issues important to society and forms many of its immediate priorities. Difficulties in interconnectedness between countries can have both a political and a geographical basis. In this regard, a serious challenge for the Republic of Northern Macedonia is the level of connection with its eastern and western neighbors. Almost 30 years after the declaration of independence, the infrastructure continues to follow the realities set and realized by Socialist Yugoslavia. This in turn poses many difficulties for the economic development of the whole region. A significant part of the reasons for the lack of progress are also due to purely geographical reasons, but alternative solutions can be sought to overcome the backlog in connectivity.
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Jihe Zhu, Blagica Arsovska, and Kristina Kozovska. "Statistical data for patients with breast cancer in the period from 2016 to 2019 in the eastern region of the republic of northern Macedonia." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.1.0507.
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The term tumor growth, also referred to as neoplasia, is a new growth of tissue in the body. For this research was used analytical - descriptive research method. Processed data were taken from PHI CPH - Kochani, in the period from 2016 to 2019. The processed data shows that breast cancer is more common in women, most often from the age of 50-65. From the statistical research and obtained data on the number of diagnosed patients with breast cancer it can be noticed that out of the total 1532, 1053 women were aged 55-75, 452 women were aged 35-54 and 27 women were aged 20-34. Most patients were registered in Kochani, total of 652. There were 15 patients aged 20-34 registered in Berovo, 10 in Kochani and 2 in Vinica. There were registered 226 patients aged 35-54 in Kochani, 95 in Vinica, 53 in Berovo, 45 in Makedonska Kamenica, 20 in Pehchevo and 13 in Delchevo. There were 416 patients aged 55-75+ registered in Kochani, 231 in Vinica, 193 in Berovo, 107 in Pehchevo, 70 in Delchevo and 36 in Makedonska Kamenica. Great attention should be paid to frequent examinations and to be repeated as often as possible during the year, because it is of great importance for the detection of the disease. If a malignant disease of the breast already appears in the fastest time, the patient should be accepted by a doctor who will lead the case (to remove the tumor and further therapy) because every life is worth improving and prolonging!
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Simović, Sreten, Tijana Ivanišević, Bojana Bradić, Svetlana Čičević, and Aleksandar Trifunović. "What Causes Changes in Passenger Behavior in South-East Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic?" Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158398.
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The appearance of the COVID-19 virus in Europe, at the beginning of 2020, brought many challenges and changes to society. These changes affected the behavior, desires, and needs of passengers in vehicles. The change in passenger behavior has contributed to the more difficult organization of passenger transport and traffic management. For these reasons, in the countries of South-East Europe (Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, the Republic of Northern Macedonia and Croatia), this survey was conducted in order to examine which demographic characteristics of respondents (age, gender, residence, education, and health) influence choice of transport, with the aim to optimize the transport system in times of crisis in this region. 786 respondents participated in the research. The results showed that the acceptability of vehicle occupancy most often differs with respect to age, education, and health conditions of the respondents. The obtained results will greatly help the organizers of public transport and the transport system in the region, since based on these results they can have an insight into the demographic factors that influence the choice of transport mode during a crisis.
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Seregin, Andrei Viktorovich. "Ideology of Slavic Unity and Philosophical Problems of Legal Slavistics in the Modern World." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18478.
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The article analyzes the philosophical problems of legal Slavistics associated with the formation of the updated pan-Slavic state-legal ideology aimed at the development and improvement of Confederate and Federal forms of Slavic Association. The author consistently investigates conceptual, civilizational and geopolitical obstacles of the Slavic unity connected with religious, military-political and nationalist dissociation of the Slavic peoples. At the same time, the presented work suggests ways to overcome the anti-Slavic political and legal dogmas, with the help of education aimed at the formation among the Slavs of the pan-Slavic doctrine of the primacy of the Slavic communal-tribal system, built on the basis of archaic socialism (mutual responsibility and mutual assistance); Veche rule; freedom, denial of all forms of slavery; linguistic kinship; organic unity of personal and community interests, with the recognition of the unconditional primacy of sovereign values over private; as well as the supremacy of spiritual and moral principles over material needs. In practical terms, a legal project is proposed for the development of the Union State of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, which in the form of government can be a collegial Republic, in the form of state-territorial structure - a Confederation with a tendency to federalization and a democratic-polyarchic state regime. In addition, the author believes that from a civilizational point of view, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia are predisposed to unite in the West Slavic Confederation-the Great Vagria or Venea; Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, having common historical, state and religious - Orthodox roots are obliged within the framework of reunification to create the East Slavic Confederation-Svetlorossia; in the Balkans, led by Serbia, it is necessary to revive the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia with the inclusion of the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Northern Macedonia, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Republic of Serbia Krajina. Slovenia and Croatia should be merged into the Croatian-Slovenian Federation. In the future, Slavic confederal unions and the Federation, together with the Slavic communities beyond the national borders of the Slavic Nations ( for example, Sorbs in Germany) for the preservation of their identity and the free development have the potential to unite in a pan-Slavic Union state - the Great Vseslav. It is advisable to elect a collegial Republic as a form of government of the great all-Russia; a form of state-territorial unity of the Confederate-Federal Union of Slavic peoples, communities and States with a socially guaranteed regime of political democracy.
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Psilovikos, Aris, and Christos Tzimopoulos. "Comparison of quadratic and non-linear programming (QP and NLP) optimization models in groundwater management." Journal of Hydroinformatics 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2004.0014.
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This project is concerned with the comparison of two algorithms used in groundwater management models, based on Quadratic Programming (QP) and Non-linear Programming (NLP) models. A quadratic objective function is used and solved in two different ways. The first one is the application of the Karush–Kuhn–Tücker (KKT) conditions and Wolfe's algorithm, which are used in solving QP models. The second one is the Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM), which is used in solving NLP models. Two additional ‘shell programs’ are created to formulate the results of the management model. These results are organized in a Mathematical Programming System (MPS) file. This is the management model output and contains the response matrix coefficients and all the management model details in a coded format. The MPS data file is formatted via the two shell programs, constituting the import data file for the optimization procedure that takes place with the GINO model and spreadsheets. An application took place in an aquifer in Northern Greece, just on the border with the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). The phreatic aquifer was divided into 271 small square areas, 200 m wide. The total area of the aquifer was 10.84 km2. The time increment was equal to 1 month. Finally, the comparison of the two different optimization algorithms took place, concerning the pumping rates, the managed head distribution and the optimum pumping cost.
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Panagiotopoulos, K., A. Böhm, M. J. Leng, B. Wagner, and F. Schäbitz. "Climate variability over the last 92 ka in SW Balkans from analysis of sediments from Lake Prespa." Climate of the Past 10, no. 2 (March 27, 2014): 643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-643-2014.
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Abstract. The transboundary Lake Prespa (Albania/former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Greece) has been recognized as a conservation priority wetland. The high biodiversity encountered in the catchment at present points to the refugial character of this mountainous region in the southwestern Balkans. A lake sediment core retrieved from a coring location in the northern part of the lake was investigated through sedimentological, geochemical, and palynological analyses. Based on tephrochronology, radiocarbon and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating, and cross correlation with other Northern Hemisphere records, the age model suggests that the basal part of core Co1215 reaches back to 92 ka cal BP. Here we present the responses of this mid-altitude site (849 m a.s.l.) to climate oscillations during this interval and assess its sensitivity to millennial-scale variability. Endogenic calcite precipitation occurred in marine isotope stages (MIS) 5 and 1 and is synchronous with periods of increased primary production (terrestrial and/or lacustrine). Periods of pronounced phytoplankton blooms (inferred from green algae and dinoflagellate concentrations) are recorded in MIS 5 and MIS 1 and suggest that the trophic state and lake levels underwent substantial fluctuations. Three major phases of vegetation development are distinguished: the forested phases of MIS 5 and MIS 1 dominated by deciduous trees with higher temperatures and moisture availability, the open landscapes of MIS 3 with significant presence of temperate trees, and the pine-dominated open landscapes of MIS 4 and MIS 2 with lower temperatures and moisture availability. Our findings suggest significant changes in forest cover and landscape openness, as well as in the properties of the vegetation belts (composition and distribution) over the period examined. The study area most likely formed the upper limit of several drought-sensitive trees (temperate tree refugium) at these latitudes in the Mediterranean mountains.
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Azizi, Abdulla. "Derogation of Human Rights and Freedoms in RNM during the State of Emergency Caused by COVID-19." SEEU Review 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2020-0002.
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Abstract Considering that in times of state of emergency or civil emergency (such as the pandemic caused by COVID 19), governments in many countries around the world have restricted human rights and freedoms through legally binding government decrees. These restrictive measures increasingly raise dilemmas about their effect and possible violations by the government of international norms guaranteeing human rights. The paper aims to analyze whether these restrictive measures set out in the decisions of the Government of the Republic of Northern Macedonia (RNM) are in compliance with the derogations allowed under the European Convention on Human Rights and Freedoms (ECHR) and the positive laws in power. In the framework of this paper is analyzed whether these measures have the sole purpose of protecting the health of citizens or not. The work is limited in terms of time (as long as the state of emergency lasted three months) and territory (government decrees with the force of law). Descriptive, historical, analytical, comparative and citizen survey methods are used in this paper. Government decrees have been analyzed in order to assess whether they were prudent, in accordance with international standards and consequences that they have caused to citizens. The conclusions provide data on whether the management of the situation has been appropriate or not and to what extent it has been effective, as well as how much it has been within the international framework and how they have affected the quality of life of citizens.
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Kryukova, Irina V., and Vasily I. Suprun. "Ways of Development of Slavic Onomastic Lexicography: An Analytical Overview." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 3 (2021): 238–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.3.042.
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The article examines the history and current state of onomastic lexicography in the Slavic countries. The study is driven by the importance of collecting data on Slavic dictionaries of proper names for in-depth research on the theory of Slavic onomastics including comparative studies based on onomastic material of several closely related languages. The purpose of this analytical review is to summarize and evaluate the experience of the lexicographic description of proper names developed in the Slavic countries. The introductory part of the article deals with general problems of the lexicography of proper names. This includes an overview of studies on lexicographic descriptions of onyms in Russia, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Northern Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Some references are made on Slavic onomastic dictionaries published in other countries, primarily in Germany. Dictionaries are grouped by their nature (historical and etymological, normative, linguocultural, dictionaries of an author’s language) and by name types they study (place names, personal names, animal names, etc.). There is also a description of mixed type onomastic dictionaries based on several typological principles, and some new types of dictionaries and lexicographic projects to be published. The authors evaluate contribution made by lexicography experts in different Slavic countries in the development of the research. Special mention is made of the role of Russian onomastic lexicography against the background of other Slavic languages. The final part of the article discusses prospects for the development of Slavic onomastic lexicography requiring collaborative efforts of lexicographers from several Slavic countries.
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Asaturov, Sergey, and Andrei Martynov. "THE RESURGENCE OF NATIONALISM: THE BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 5 (October 11, 2020): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001440.
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The choice between modern nation-building and integration into supranational European and Euro-Atlantic structures remains a strategic challenge for the Balkan countries. Success in solving this problem of predominantly mono-ethnic Croatia and Slovenia has not yet become a model to follow. Serbian and Albanian national issues cannot be resolved. Serbia's defeat in the Balkan wars of 1991–1999 over the creation of a "Greater Serbia" led to the country's territorial fragmentation. Two Albanian national states emerged in the Balkans. Attempts to create a union of Kosovo and Albania could turn the region into a whirlpool of ultra-nationalist contradictions. The European Union has started accession negotiations with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Northern Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. The success of these negotiations depends on the readiness of the EU and the ability of these Balkan states to adopt European norms and rules. The accession of all Balkan nation-states to the European Union must finally close the "Balkan window" of the vulnerability of the united Europe. Nation-building in the Balkans on the basis of ethnic nationalism sharply contradicts the purpose and current values of the European integration process. For more than three decades, the EU has been pursuing a policy of human rights, the rule of law, democracy and economic development in the Balkans. The region remains vulnerable to the influences of non-European geopolitical powers: the United States, Russia, Turkey, and China. The further scenario of the great Balkan geopolitical game mainly depends on the pro-European national consolidation of the Balkan peoples and the effectiveness of the European Union's strategy in the Balkans.
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Wagner, Bernd, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, et al. "The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project." Biogeosciences 14, no. 8 (April 20, 2017): 2033–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017.
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Abstract. This study reviews and synthesises existing information generated within the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deep drilling project. The four main aims of the project are to infer (i) the age and origin of Lake Ohrid (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Republic of Albania), (ii) its regional seismotectonic history, (iii) volcanic activity and climate change in the central northern Mediterranean region, and (iv) the influence of major geological events on the evolution of its endemic species. The Ohrid basin formed by transtension during the Miocene, opened during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and the lake established de novo in the still relatively narrow valley between 1.9 and 1.3 Ma. The lake history is recorded in a 584 m long sediment sequence, which was recovered within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) from the central part (DEEP site) of the lake in spring 2013. To date, 54 tephra and cryptotephra horizons have been found in the upper 460 m of this sequence. Tephrochronology and tuning biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters revealed that the upper 247.8 m represent the last 637 kyr. The multi-proxy data set covering these 637 kyr indicates long-term variability. Some proxies show a change from generally cooler and wetter to drier and warmer glacial and interglacial periods around 300 ka. Short-term environmental change caused, for example, by tephra deposition or the climatic impact of millennial-scale Dansgaard–Oeschger and Heinrich events are superimposed on the long-term trends. Evolutionary studies on the extant fauna indicate that Lake Ohrid was not a refugial area for regional freshwater animals. This differs from the surrounding catchment, where the mountainous setting with relatively high water availability provided a refuge for temperate and montane trees during the relatively cold and dry glacial periods. Although Lake Ohrid experienced significant environmental change over the last 637 kyr, preliminary molecular data from extant microgastropod species do not indicate significant changes in diversification rate during this period. The reasons for this constant rate remain largely unknown, but a possible lack of environmentally induced extinction events in Lake Ohrid and/or the high resilience of the ecosystems may have played a role.
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Moldoveanu, Serban C., Marlene Adams, and Frank K. St.Charles. "Variations of TSNA Levels in Tobaccos Upon Heating at Moderate Temperatures." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 29, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2020-0009.
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SummaryTobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) including nitrosoanabasine (NAB), nitrosoanatabine (NAT), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are naturally present at trace levels in tobacco. During tobacco processing, preparation of expanded tobacco, and when tobacco is used in heat-not-burn type cigarettes, the tobacco is exposed to different degrees of heat. Heating of tobacco has been reported in the literature to increase the level of TSNAs. Since the increase of TSNAs in heated tobacco is still not well understood, the present study evaluated TSNA levels in six types of tobacco as a function of moderate heat exposure. These tobaccos included: flue-cured lower stalk, flue-cured upper stalk (US), Burley lower stalk, Burley upper stalk (US), and two Oriental blends (Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Northern Republic Macedonia). Heating was performed in sealed glass tubes at oven temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C for time intervals of 2 min and 5 min. The temperatures inside the glass tubes were lower than the targets and were monitored separately as a function of glass tube heating. The study showed no meaningful differences within tobacco type (by stalk position) but showed considerable differences in the levels of TSNAs between different tobaccos, with the Burley tobaccos having the highest levels, and the Orientals the lowest. For all tobacco types, TSNAs increase to some extent when temperature increases. For 2-min heating, the increase in TSNAs is relatively small up to about 200 °C, but the levels almost double when the oven temperature increases to 250 °C. For 5-min heating, the increase in TSNAs starts at about 150 °C with a maximum at 200 °C which can reach more than double the initial TSNA level. Longer heating at 250 °C (5 min) starts to cause TSNAs decomposition and the levels are reduced.
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Dolenec, Tadej, Todor Serafimovski, Sonja Lojen, Matej Dolenec, Goran Tasev, Sabina Kramar, Nastja Rogan Šmuc, and Petra Vrhovnik. "Environmental Characterization of Lake Ecosystems Located in Serbo Macedonian Massif (FYRM)." Key Engineering Materials 672 (January 2016): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.672.295.
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This chapter represents the mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic characteristics of recent lacustrine sediments, shells of the Anodonta cygnea and fish species (Rutilus rutilus dojranensis) from the Lake Dojran (FY Republic of Macedonia, southern part of the Serbo-Macedonian Massif (SMM)) which provide indirect evidence regarding biomineralization and calcification processes as well as various geological problems. Environmental pollution can seriously contribute to different biological processes concerning the condition of physiological secretion of carbonate material into the shells. For comparison, sediments and fish species V. melanops from the Lake Kalimanci, located in northern part of the SMM, were also implicated into the study. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and C and O stable isotope analyses were performed, and thereupon enrichment factor (EF) values were calculated. The XRD results revealed close association of sediment mineralogy with the prevailing metamorphic, volcanic and igneous rocks of the region surrounding both lakes (Dojran and Kalimanci). According to the EF value results, surficial Lake Dojran sediments are little enriched with Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, moderately enriched with Au, Ni and Sb, moderately severely enriched with Au, severely enriched with Sb and very severely enriched with As. This elemental enrichment originates from various geogenic (geological background and polymetallic mineralization) and anthropogenic (tourism, traffic, coatings, untreated wastewater discharge and agrochemicals) sources. Calculated EF revealed that surficial sediments from Lake Kalimanci are extremely severe enriched with Pb, Zn, and Cd, meanwhile As and Cu shows very severe enrichment. Comparing to Lake Dojran, calculated EF is much higher in Lake Kalimanci than in Dojran. Stable isotope signature results showed that Lake Dojran sediments were strongly influenced by evaporation effect. Their δ18O values range from -5.60 to +1.49 ‰ and the δ13CVPDB composition range from -6.45 to -1.65 ‰. Shells Anodonta cygnea are mainly composed from mineral aragonite and their δ18O values varies between 0.43 ‰ and +1.94 ‰, and δ13CVPDB between -2.48 to -1.72 ‰. δ18O signature in shells might be explained by precipitation of the carbonate from isotopically heavier oxygen lake water. The unussualy heavy skeletal oxygen suggested calcification at the elevated temperature and evaporation. Analyses also identified particularly high levels for Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb in fish (V. Melanops) and frog (R. Temporaria) samples from Lake Kalimanci with mean values [µgkg-1]: 1090 – 6.5, 339 – 117, 567 – 5100 and 1127 – 435, respectively. Meanwhile, the contents of Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb in fish samples (R. rutilus dojranensis) from Lake Dojran are a bit lower [µgkg-1]: 2320, 1690, 700 and 50.
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Daskalovski, Zhidas. "Republic of Macedonia or North Macedonia?" Insight Turkey 21, no. 2 (2019): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25253/99.2019212.05.
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Gajić, S., and E. G. Ponomareva. "Accelerated expansion of NATO into the Balkans as a consequence of Euro-Atlantic Discord." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-2-71-70-93.
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The Balkans in general and post-Yugoslav countries in particular have been under significant geopolitical pressure of the political West since the end of the bipolar global order. From the beginning of the Yugoslav Civil War in 1991, followed by Western recognition of secessionist republics in 1992 and NATO attacks on Serbs in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1994-1995 and on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1999, the US, NATO and EU have been actively involved in the Balkan crisis. It was in concordance with the logic of unipolarity, or the New World Order, proclaimed by George W.H. Bush, in which there is “no substitute for American leadership”.The year of 2008 marked the start of profound changes. The changes we are witnessing today are of the magnitude described by Paul Kennedy’s classic The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Georgia’s attack on South Ossetia crossed Russia’s red lines and exposed the latter’s ambitions to regain the superpower status; China symbolically showed the same ambition with the Olympics in Beijing; the crash of the US real-estate market triggered the global economic crisis; and the NATO-sponsored unilateral declaration of secession by Kosovo Albanians set a precedent and introduced uncertainty in international law and the entire system of United Nations. By the beginning of 2020, many problems had accumulated in the EU – against the background of the ongoing migration crisis, right-wing and nationalist movements became more active, and differences between members increased. Long before COVID-19, Brexit became a serious stress test for the economy and social structure of the European Union. Dramatic changes took place on the other side of the Atlantic too, resulting in the shocking victory of staunch anti-globalist Donald Trump. The rules established during the 1991-2008 unipolarity have thus been challenged. Subsequently, post-Cold War ideological consensus in the West has also been challenged even further by the growth of non-systemic political movements – many of them directed not only against the EU expansion, but also against the EU itself.The significance of all these events for the Balkans is somewhat surprising and paradoxical, as the mainstream forces that have been weakened in the West forcefully push for a stronger Atlantic integration of the remaining Balkan countries. At the height of the pandemic, on 27 March 2020 Northern Macedonia became the 30th member of the Alliance, having previously undergone a humiliating procedure of changing its own name for this purpose. Three years earlier, Montenegro was admitted to NATO, but its population did not have the opportunity to vote on this in a referendum. The negotiations between Belgrade and Pristina on ‘normalisation of relations’, continued pressures on the prerogatives of Republic Srpska, Croatian initiative for a new Intermarium and many other similar efforts are stages in the process of NATOisation of former Yugoslavia. Based on the analysis of a large body of narrative sources and recent literature, the article presents the main trends and possible prospects for developments in the Balkans, depending on the outcome of the ongoing ideological and political struggle within the West.
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Kјimova, Gjorgjina. "THE NATURE OF THE CONTEMPORARY COMMUNICATION IN THE CLASSROOM." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3102455k.
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Teaching in the classroom is a very complex process. It is a multiplied communication process. In classrooms, communication often does not happen in a logical order, either just the teacher and one student to communicate, while others listen or wait patiently. The teacher talks to one student, another student asks a new question, the third gets stuck with the thoughts ... While such moments occur, overlapping interactions and distortions can occur. The only way to manage such complicated situations is to understand and adopt the key features of classroom communication. One part of the features has to do with the functions or goals of communication, especially with the balance of speech related to the content, the procedure and the control speech. Other features are related to the nature of nonverbal communication that complements, sometimes even contradicting what is said orally. Third characteristics are related to the unwritten expectations of students and teachers about how to participate in certain types of activities in the school, called the participation structure. Communication functions are accomplished through the content of communication, the communication procedure and control communication. The content of the speech focuses on what is supposed to be palnable to be processed at a certain lesson by a particular subject. The procedural speech refers to the existence of administrative rules or routines necessary for achieving the goals in the classroom. Controlling speech is about preventing or correcting wrong reactions when they occur, especially when false reactions are not due to ignorance. Nonverbal communications are gestures or behaviors that transmit information, often simultaneously with the spoken words. In principle, a large number of structures for participation in communication in teaching activities in the classroom are possible, the most frequent are explications, questions and answers, discussions, group work. In order to be effective in the use of verbal communication, teachers should use appropriate content-related content strategies, such as using predefined organizers, linking new information with prior knowledge, and organizing new information structures for the benefit of students. It includes strategies that help students communicate, such as learning with research and cooperative learning.In the context of monitoring the situation in our schools for the educational communication process, the article displays theory and empirical research in 5 primary schools in the Republic of Northern Macedonia.
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Takovski, Aleksandar, and Nenad Markovikj. "Macedonia outside “Macedonia”." Journal of Language and Politics 16, no. 5 (May 16, 2017): 731–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15006.tak.
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Abstract The name dispute between Republic of Macedonia and Greece manifests itself in Greece’s objections to the use of the noun “Macedonia” or the adjective “Macedonian” to refer to any other ethnicity, culture, tradition and history except Greek. In order to promote itself as a sole claimant to the name, Greece has constructed a discourse which legitimizes its exclusive right to it, while at the same time it delegitimizes such right to Macedonia. However, this discourse does not only deny Macedonia the right to the name but it also denies Macedonia the right to discuss identity issues, while at the same time it obliterates Macedonian presence in the discourse in any relation to the disputed term. In this respect, this study seeks to analyze the specific linguistic strategies underlying these discursive effects.
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Stamova, Mariyana N. "Albanian Factor in the Republic of Macedonia in the Late Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Century." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 14, no. 1-2 (2019): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2019.14.1-2.6.
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For more than two centuries, the Albanian factor in Macedonia has been an objective and dynamically changing reality. It manifested itself in different dimensions, forms and conditions. Ten years after the establishment of the independent and sovereign Republic of Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) in the early 2001, the Albanian factor, along with its traditional dimensions, received a number of new features. It has turned into a major problem for the existence, constitutional order, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Macedonia. This problem was to a larger extent “Kosovized” after the triggering of the syndrome of “communicating vessels” and its association with the situation in Kosovo and southern Serbia. In 2001, with the organization, arming and activation of Albanian paramilitary formations in Macedonia ready to establish control over certain areas in the Republic of Macedonia, it received also a military dimension. It has developed into a regional and international problem after the active interference of the leading international players and forums, which have been providing ”good services“, mediation, negotiations, monitoring and peacekeeping forces, financial and economic commitments – all of them have an impressive presence in the Republic of Macedonia and are able to influence the strengthening the stabilizing trends and processes in the republic.
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Mijatovic, Mijat. "Astronomy in the Republic of Macedonia." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000845.
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Astronomy in the territory of today’s Republic of Macedonia has a century-long history. This history is presented in the essay, begining with M. Trpkovic’s suggestions to reform the orthodox calendar in 1900s, through the foundation of the first faculty of Macedonian language in Skopje in 1946, until today’s situation in astronomy.In second half of the twentieth century, the development of astronomy in the Republic of Macedonia is divided in two different periods: before and after the big earthquake in Skopje in 1963. The first period is characterized by hope and enthusiasm, and a little observatory was started to be built, but it was destroyed in the earthquake. The last ten years a new upsurge is seen in Astronomy in the Republic of Macedonia, which is founded on Balkan and international collaboration.
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Oliveira, Nelio. "Wellbeing in the Republic of Macedonia." London Journal of Primary Care 10, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17571472.2017.1409955.
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Metaj-Stojanova, Albana. "Religious Freedoms In Republic Of Macedonia." SEEU Review 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/seeur-2015-0019.
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Abstract With the independence of Republic of Macedonia and the adoption of the Constitution of Macedonia, the country went through a substantial socio-political transition. The concept of human rights and freedoms, such as religious freedoms in the Macedonian Constitution is based on liberal democratic values. The Macedonian Constitution connects the fundamental human rights and freedoms with the concept of the individual and citizen, but also with the collective rights of ethnic minorities, respecting the international standards and responsibilities taken under numerous international human rights conventions and treaties, of which the country is a party. Republic of Macedonia has ratified all the so called “core human right treaties” and now the real challenge lies in the implementation of the international standards. Some of these international conventions and treaties of the United Nations and of the Council of Europe are inherited by succession from the former Yugoslavian federation. Religious freedoms are guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of human rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the European Convention on Human Rights (1953), the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief (1981) (all documents ratified by the Republic of Macedonia). According to the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia “The freedom of religious confession is guaranteed. The right to express one's faith freely and publicly, individually or with others, is guaranteed„. After the conflict of 2001 the Ohrid Framework Agreement secured group rights for ethnicities that are not in majority in the Republic of Macedonia. The present Law on the legal status of the church, religious communities and religious groups of 2007, repealed the Law on religion and religious groups of 1997.
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Šuklev, Bobek. "Privatization in the Republic of Macedonia." Eastern European Economics 34, no. 6 (November 1996): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1996.11648601.
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Slaveski, Trajko. "Privatization in the Republic of Macedonia." Eastern European Economics 35, no. 1 (January 1997): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1997.11648611.
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Kekic, Laza. "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 1, no. 1 (January 2001): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14683850108454630.
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Mijatovic, M. "Astronomy in the republic of macedonia." Astronomical & Astrophysical Transactions 19, no. 2 (October 2000): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10556790008241360.
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