Academic literature on the topic 'Rerum novarum (Catholic Church'

Resenha: ANDES, Stephen J.C.; YOUNG, Julia. Local Church, Global Church: Catholic Activism in Latin America from Rerum Novarum to Vatican II. Washington, DC, The Catholic University of America Press, 201O livro em questão insere-se em uma perspectiva analítica, tentando mostrar o jogo de adaptação e de continuidade ao trabalho no continente americano. Apesar do reconhecimento das mudanças notáveis introduzidas pelo Vaticano II, a tese é que, ao contrário do que é sugerido por uma certa literatura de historiografia e teologia latino-americana, o ativismo católico dos anos 60 e 80 teve suas origens no período anterior, tendo, em parte, como ponto de partida a encíclica Rerum Novarum.

The article analyses the educational ideas and social initiatives of the period of autonomy in Galicia, revealing several important elements. Two aspects should be pointed out by taking into account the rationale of the social principles of the Catholic Church, for which the impetus was provided by Leo XIII’s encyclical „Rerum novarum”, The focus on ‘catholicity’ shaping an identity for a reborn nation does not have a universalist dimension for a pluralistic society. The socio- -political situation only partially justifies this approach. The social work undertaken by the clergy and those associated with the Catholic Church has made it possible to rebuild trust in the Church.

Pope Francis’s two encyclicals—Laudato si’ and Fratelli tutti—belong to the tradition of Catholic social teaching that began in 1891 with Pope Leo XIII’s Rerum novarum. There have been continuities and discontinuities within the tradition of Catholic social teaching, but there has been a tendency to downplay the discontinuities. Francis’s two encyclicals show both discontinuities and continuities with the earlier documents. The final section criticizes these two encyclicals as being too overly optimistic in their approach to solving the problems facing the environment and the social, political, and economic orders.

When more than four decades ago, in 1959, Pope John XXIII announced the convening of a high forum of bishops of his Church, many considered his decision to be the least risky. Although the official doctrine of Catholicism, systematized in Pope Leo's encyclical XIII "Rerum novarum" (1891), remained virtually unchanged from its adoption, and each successive head of the Church only developed its position in specific circumstances, John XXIII was convinced: after a long time In centuries of controversy and divisions, the time has come to speak to the world in the language of Christian love, to emphasize not what separates people, but what unites people of good will.

The article compares the assessments of socialist ideology in the official documents of the Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. As a reflection of the Catholic position, the encyclicals of the Roman popes are considered, first, the encyclical “Rerum Novarum”, published by Leo XIII in 1891. The author considers the program of the course “denunciation of socialism” approved by the Holy Synod in seminaries. A comparison of these documents shows that both churches condemned socialism as an atheistic doctrine and considered it a dangerous utopia. Leo XIII, in “Rerum Novarum”, denounced basic socialist doctrines such as the socialization of private property and class struggle, but at the same time acknowledged the seriousness of the problems of capitalist society and the plight of the workers. The pope opposed the socialist utopias with the Catholic social doctrine, which provided for the active participation of the church in social life, state regulation of relations between labor and capital, and the development of a peaceful labor movement. The Russian Orthodox Church during the period under review was unable to develop its own social doctrine as an alternative to socialism. In the program of the anti-socialist course for Orthodox seminaries, the materialistic and anti-Christian nature of socialism was proved, and Marxism was subjected to detailed analysis and criticism. At the same time, there was no such harsh criticism of the flaws of capitalism on the part of the Russian hierarchy. Such one-sidedness made the position of the Russian Orthodox Church in the fight against socialism much weaker than the position of the Roman Catholic Church.

In Fratelli tutti, Pope Francis wonders why it took the Church so long to condemn slavery unequivocally. Indeed, the place of slavery in Catholic teaching provides a test case of change in official Church intellectual tradition. This paper examines the divergent arguments of four authors who have written about Church teaching on slavery: Pope Leo XIII, Fr. Joel S. Panzer, Judge John T. Noonan Jr., and Fr. John Francis Maxwell. It considers the statement on slavery in the Catechism of the Catholic Church in light of Pope John Paul II’s meditation on the nature of human labor in Laborem exercens, itself a meditation on Leo’s Rerum novarum (On the Condition of Labor), and offers a critique of the position that papal teaching, because it must be self-consistent, is therefore irreformable or unsusceptible to development. This provides one response to the pope’s provocative question.

Pese a la influencia del catolicismo en el mundo popular peruano, son pocos los estudios sobre su participación en los movimientos obreros. Basado en diversas fuentes documentales, en este artículo se exploran algunas facetas y aportes del pensamiento social católico, junto con ciertas iniciativas desarrolladas para enfrentar la cuestión obrera entre 1891 y 1931. Para ello, se analiza la influencia de la encíclica Rerum Novarum y la adaptación del social cristianismo en el contexto latinoamericano y peruano. Luego, se examinan las ideas de algunos representativos líderes católicos respecto a las consecuencias de la modernización económica y la expansión capitalista en Perú. Finalmente, se estudian los Círculos de Obreros Católicos (COC), los cuales desarrollaron una experiencia asociativa donde se buscó generar una cultura y una identidad obrera cristiana que contribuyera a la mejora de las condiciones laborales de este sector y que contrarrestara la influencia de las ideologías radicales.Rerum Novarum and its influence on Peruvian social Catholicism: The experience of the Círculos de Obreros Católicos (1891-1931)AbstractDespite the influence of Catholicism in the Peruvian popular world, there are few studies addressing the Peruvian participation in workers’ movements. According to various sources, this article explores the contributions and phases of Catholic social thinking and some initiatives developed to address the workers’ labor problems between 1891 and 1931. To this end, we analyze the influence of the Rerum Novarum encyclical and the adaptation of social Christianity in Latin American and Peruvian contexts and review ideas of some representative Catholic leaders regarding the consequences of economic modernization and capitalist expansion in Peru. Finally, we study the Círculos de Obreros Católicos (COC, for the Spanish acronym) which developed an associative experience in order to generate a culture and a Christian worker identity that contributed to the improvement of the sectorial working conditions and that counteracted the influence of radical ideologies.Keywords: Circles of Catholic Workers; Church History; Peru; Peruvian Social Thinking.A Rerum Novarum e sua influência no catolicismo social peruana: a experiência dos Círculos de Obreros Católicos (1891-1931)ResumoApesar da influência do catolicismo no mundo popular peruano, existem poucos estudos sobre a sua participação nos movimentos operários. Com base a diversas fontes documentais, neste artigo se exploram alguns aspectos e contribuições do pensamento social católico, conjuntamente com certas iniciativas desenvolvidas para abordar a questão obreira entre 1891 e 1931. Para fazer isso, analisa-se a influência da Encíclica Rerum Novarum e a adaptação do social cristianismo no contexto latino-americano e peruano. Em seguida, são examinadas as ideias de alguns líderes católicos representativos sobre as decorrências da modernização económica e de expansão capitalista no Peru. Finalmente, são estudados os Círculos de Obreros Católicos (COC), que desenvolveram uma experiência associativa onde procurou-se gerar uma cultura e uma identidade obreira cristã que contribuísse para melhorar as condições de trabalho deste sector para neutralizar a influência das ideologias radicais.Palavras-chave: Círculos dos Obreiros Católicos; História da Igreja; Peru; pensamento social peruano.

The stance of the Catholic Church in the United States of America on the problems related to workers’ wages is an interesting issue from the point of view of the ethics of economic life and the development of Catholic social thought. The interpretation of the main Catholic social ideas contained in Leo XIII’s encyclical letter Rerum novarum was made by Father John Augustine Ryan (1896–1945), who soon became a major proponent of the idea that a good economic policy can only result from good ethics. In the history of the United States of America, the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was a time of the development of labor unions, associations and workers’ organizations as well as the consolidation of efforts to achieve equitable remuneration (a living wage) and regulate working conditions. It was also a time of struggling with the ideas of socialism and nationalism. The Catholic Church played a significant role in the discourse on these issues, including the influence of John A. Ryan. His efforts led to one of the most important interpretations of economic life: The Program of Social Reconstruction (1919), and some of its postulates can be found in the New Deal legislation.