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Journal articles on the topic 'Rescue'
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1
Işın, Ali, Adnan Turgut, and Amy E. Peden. "Descriptive Epidemiology of Rescue-Related Fatal Drowning in Turkey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 6613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126613.
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Drowning is a public-health threat and a leading cause of injury-related death. In Turkey, drowning results in 900 fatalities annually, and the rate is rising. As data on rescue-related drowning are scarce, this retrospective study explores the epidemiology of fatal drowning among rescuers in Turkey. As there are no routinely collected death registry data on drowning in Turkey, data were sourced from media reports of incidents between 2015 and 2019. Rescuer fatalities were analysed by age, sex, activity prior to rescue, location, incident day of week and season, and place of death. Statistical analyses comprised X2 tests of significance (p < 0.05) and calculation of relative risk (95% confidence interval) using fatality rates. In total, 237 bystander rescuers drowned (90% male; 35% 15–24 years). In 33% of cases, the primary drowning victim (PDV) was successfully rescued, while in 46% of cases the rescue resulted in multiple drowning fatalities (mean = 2.29; range 1–5 rescuers). Rescues were more likely to be successful in saving the PDV if undertaken at the beach/sea (X2 = 29.147; p < 0.001), while swimming (X2 = 12.504; p = 0.001), or during summer (X2 = 8.223; p = 0.029). Risk of bystander rescue-related fatal drowning was twice as high on weekdays compared to on weekends (RR = 2.04; 95%CI: 1.56–2.67). While bystanders play an important role in reducing drowning, undertaking a rescue is not without risk and can lead to multiple drowning incidents. Training in rescue and resuscitation skills (especially the prioritization of non-contact rescues) coupled with increasing awareness of drowning risk, are risk-reduction strategies which should be explored in Turkey.
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Hebbar, Vijeth, and Cédric Langbort. "A Model for Tacit Communication in Collaborative Human-UAV Search-and-Rescue." Entropy 23, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081027.
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Tacit communication can be exploited in human robot interaction (HRI) scenarios to achieve desirable outcomes. This paper models a particular search and rescue (SAR) scenario as a modified asymmetric rendezvous game, where limited signaling capabilities are present between the two players—rescuer and rescuee. We model our situation as a co-operative Stackelberg signaling game, where the rescuer acts as a leader in signaling its intent to the rescuee. We present an efficient game-theoretic approach to obtain the optimal signaling policy to be employed by the rescuer. We then robustify this approach to uncertainties in the rescue topology and deviations in rescuee behavior. The paper thus introduces a game-theoretic framework to model an HRI scenario with implicit communication capacity.
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Hutter, P., J. Roote, and M. Ashburner. "A genetic basis for the inviability of hybrids between sibling species of Drosophila." Genetics 124, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.4.909.
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Abstract A mutation of Drosophila melanogaster whose only known effect is the rescue of otherwise lethal interspecific hybrids has been characterized. This mutation, Hmr, maps to 1-31.84 (9D1-9E4). Hmr may be the consequence of a P element insertion. It rescues hybrid males from the cross of D. melanogaster females to males of its three sibling species, D. simulans, D. mauritiana and D. sechellia. This rescue is recessive, since hybrid males that carry both Hmr and a duplication expected to be Hmr+ are not rescued. Hmr also rescues the otherwise inviable female hybrids from the cross of compound-X D. melanogaster females to males of its sibling species. This rescue is also recessive, since a compound-X heterozygous for Hmr does not rescue. Another mutation, discovered on the In(1)AB chromosome of D. melanogaster, is also found to rescue normally inviable species hybrids: unlike Hmr, however, In(1)AB rescues hybrid females from the cross of In(1)AB/Y males to sibling females, as well as hybrid males from the cross of In(1)AB females to sibling males. These data are interpreted on the basis of a model for the genetic basis of hybrid inviability of complementary genes.
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Conter, David. "Feinberg on Rescue, Victims, and Rights." Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 4, no. 01 (January 1991): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900001296.
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Quite by accident, Scarlett is in imminent danger of losing life or limb. You know this, and can rescue her without any unreasonable cost, inconvenience, or danger to yourself. Yet you stand by idly, and she suffers accordingly. Assume that morally speaking, you failed to do your duty; you ought to have done your best to rescue her. Should there be a criminal law penalizing your omission? Joel Feinberg imposes the following two constraints — which may be called “liberal” — on any answer to our question. First, if it is reasonable that there should be a criminal law requiring rescue, then whenever there is a morally wrong omission to rescue, there must be someone who is victim of that omission. There must be no victimless crimes. Secondly, all criminal law must protect individual moral rights. When law protects people who need to be rescued and when others can rescue them at no unreasonable inconvenience, cost, or danger, the imperilled people must have a moral right to be rescued. If so, what precisely is the moral right that comes into play? Who are the victims? Joel Feinberg offers answers to these questions, answers intended to support the view that it is indeed reasonable for there to be a criminal law penalizing omissions to rescue, where rescue would involve no unreasonable cost, inconvenience, or danger to the potential rescuer.
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Veselivskyy, R., D. Smoliak, Y. Baran, I. Pavuk, and D. Dulenko. "METHODS OF CUNDUCTING RESCUE WORKS AT RESCUE OF THE VICTIM WHO HUNG AT A HEIGHT." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety 24 (January 5, 2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.24.2021.08.
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Introduction. Declared on the rapid development and pace of construction, which increases the need for high-risk work, in particular: climbing works and works at height using a special climbing order. The types of work during which there is a risk of accidents are presented. The dynamics of events that led to fatal accidents according to the statistics of the State Labor Service of Ukraine is highlighted. The relevance of the justification for the choice of climbing equipment for the rescuer, who will work to rescue workers, depending on the height. Purpose. Justification for the choice of climbing equipment for a rescuer who is carrying out work to rescue a worker who is suspended at a height. Development of a clear algorithm of actions of the rescuer-climber.Research methods. Analysis of current norms and rules on how to conduct rescue operations in rescuing a victim who hung at a height. Identify the main shortcomings that exist today in the conduct of rescue operations at height. An analysis of current norms and rules shows that the requirements for rescuing workers suspended at height are presented in general and without a clear algorithm for action.Presenting main material. To rescue a victim at risk of falling from a height, a rescue plan must be developed for a specific area or structure, taking into account all the features of rescue when working at height. The rescue plan should include detailed procedures for rescue and self-rescue methods, equipment used, training requirements, specialized training for rescuers, etc. Training of rescuers-climbers should be carried out with a certain frequency and a typical training plan. A list of rescue equipment at a height to rescue a suspended worker is recommended.Conclusion. A clear algorithm of actions of the rescuer-climber is offered at the descent of the rescuer to the victim on the main rope of the victim; the descent of the rescuer to the victim on a safety rope of the victim; lifting the rescuer to the victim on the main rope of the victim; lifting the rescuer to the victim on the victim’s safety rope. Specified equipment is recommended to the rescuer for rescue work at height.
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Jaslow, Sonia, David Jaslow, Derek Zecher, Ryan Synnestvedt, Nathaniel Zahustecher, Kevan Melly, and Ryan Overberger. "Deuce and a Half with a Twist: Repurposing Old Technology to Save Lives in Swiftwater Rescue during Urban and Small Stream Flash Flooding." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002450.
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Introduction:Vehicles stranded in rising water account for the majority of swiftwater rescues (SWR) during urban and small stream flash flooding. Multiple simultaneous SWR incidents are commonplace during severe storms. Historically, SWR teams have pursued a “reach, throw, row, go” strategy. However, reach and throw attempts are usually futile. Boat operations and/or in-water rescue attempts can be technically complicated, time-consuming, and a drain on rescuer resources.Aim:To design an ideal SWR modality for use during urban and small stream roadway flooding.Methods:SWR objectives, strategy, and tactics were mapped against various transportation modalities to develop the safest solution for urban and small stream flood response.Results:High water vehicles (HWV), such as the “deuce and a half” 6 × 6 military truck, represent a new standard for SWR practicality and safety as they can reduce rescuer time in-water. HWVs are heavy and high enough to be stable on roadways in most flash flooding conditions. A properly designed emergency response package includes a fording kit, multi-directional floodlights for nighttime operations, public safety radios, and a siren that doubles as a public address system to coach victims as a rescue is initiated. Deployable ladders enable rescuer egress from and victim access to a covered lighted cargo bed that holds PPE, throw bags, and rescue rings; a deployable “boat in a bag” for victims who require ferrying; and a heated seating area where medical evaluation can be conducted while staying dry.Discussion:SWRs are dangerous resource-intensive incidents which account for more rescuer morbidity/mortality than all other technical rescue sub-types combined. These incidents will increase in frequency and severity worldwide due to climate change and overdevelopment. If rescue conditions are still tenable, HWVs are the most efficient and effective platform for conducting SWR from flooded roadways while decreasing safety risks to first responders and victims.
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Oshiro, Kazue, and Tomikazu Murakami. "Causes of death and characteristics of non-survivors rescued during recreational mountain activities in Japan between 2011 and 2015: a retrospective analysis." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e053935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053935.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the cause of death and characteristics at the prehospital setting associated with care and rescue processes of non-survivors rescued in the mountain of Japan.DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingPrehospital setting of mountain searches and rescues in Japan. A total of 10 prefectural police headquarters with >10 cases of mountain death from 2011 to 2015.ParticipantsData were generated from the existing records. Of the total 6159 rescued subjects, 548 mountain deaths were caused by recreational activities.ResultsAmong the 548 mountain deaths, 83% were men, and major causes of death were trauma (49.1%), hypothermia (14.8%), cardiac death (13.1%) and avalanche-related death (6.6%). The alive rate at rescue team arrival in all non-survivors was 3.5%, with 1, 4 and 14 cases of cardiac, hypothermia and trauma, respectively. Cardiac deaths occurred in 93.1% (67/72) of men and individuals aged >41 years, and 88.7% (63/71) were found on mountain trails. In hypothermia, callouts were made between 17:00 and 6:00 at 49% (40/81) and by persons not on-site in 59.7% (46/77). People with >6 hours in trauma or >1 hour in cardiac death already died on rescue team arrival, but some with hypothermia after 6 hours were alive.ConclusionThis study is one of the first large-scale retrospective analyses of prehospital non-survivors in mountain emergencies. The alive rate at rescue arrival in all mountain deaths was only 3.5%. These data showed that the circumstances related to onset and the process until the rescue team arrives have different characteristics, depending on the cause of death. Survival may be enhanced by targeting better use of the time before rescue team arrival and by providing further education, particularly mountain rescue-related medical problems to rescuers including bystanders.
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Jaslow, David, Derek Zecher, Ryan Synnestvedt, Kevan Melly, and Ryan Overberger. "A New Strategy for Swiftwater Rescue from Roadways during Urban and Small Stream Flash Flooding." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s65—s66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001468.
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Introduction:The swiftwater rescue (SWR) concept of operations (CONOPS) is to access as many victims as quickly as possible using strategies and tactics that maximize safety and minimize risk to all involved. “Reach, throw, row, go” has defined the primary water rescue strategy for 50+ years. However, this paradigm, originally designed for rescue from swimming pools, ponds and lakes, slow-moving rivers, and the ocean, is not conducive to SWR incidents involving submerged vehicles, which is the most common scenario during urban and small stream flash flooding.Aim:To present a new SWR strategy for urban and small stream flood response.Methods:Water rescue strategies and tactics were mapped against the SWR CONOPS to determine which ones are most likely to be successful in the rescue of victims trapped in submerged vehicles.Results:Rescue should be attempted via high water vehicles (HWVs) whenever possible, followed by watercraft and “go rescues” using advanced line systems techniques and/or tethered rescuers, dependent on incident characteristics. Positioning HWVs at the incident site permits rescuers to access victims quickly from the rear or sides of the vehicle, thereby reducing rescuer time in floodwaters. Multiple sequential rescues can be made since victims are held and medically monitored in the cargo area rather than transporting them to shore individually.Discussion:SWR from submerged vehicles is unique among emergency incidents because neither shelter-in-place nor self-evacuation are tenable options until the water recedes. "Reach" and "throw" rescue attempts are only possible if the victim is close to shore. Watercraft operations, whether motorized or manually pulled, can be technically complex, require numerous rescuers, and typically take 30-60 minutes per vehicle. Use of HWVs meets the CONOPS for SWR on flooded roadways since this strategy facilitates the rescue of multiple victims quickly while reducing the time rescuers spend in the water.
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Fu, Mengshuang. "Algorithm design and analysis of fire rescue problems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/3/032043.
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Abstract With the rapid economic development, the urban space environment is becoming more and more complex, various accidents and disasters occur frequently, and safety risks are increasing. The rescue tasks involved in the fire brigade are showing a trend of diversification and complexity. The fire rescue team always puts the people first and insists on serving the people wholeheartedly. It is the guardian of maintaining social stability in our country and safeguarding the health and safety of people’s lives and property and various disaster affairs. The society needs the participation in the fire rescue team. Aiming at the fire rescue problem, this paper uses the fire rescue call data onto 2016 to 2019 to predict the number of fire rescues / rescued calls based on the difference equation to improve the rescue efficiency of the fire brigade. Taking into account the impact on the domestic epidemiced in 2020 on people’s lives, the adjustment value was introduced to adjust part of the alarm data onto 2020 to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. Finally, the second-order difference equation is used to predict the alarm data onto 2021 through the least square method, which verifies the accuracy of the model.
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Ignacio-Rodríguez, Isaac, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Ezequiel Rey, and Marcos Sanmartín-Montes. "Do Longer Fins Improve Ocean Rescues? A Comprehensive Investigation into Lifeguard Performance and Physiological Impact." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 9, no. 2 (April 19, 2024): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9020079.
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Coastal environments present dynamic challenges necessitating rapid and efficient responses during aquatic emergencies. Lifeguards, as pivotal links in the intervention chain, rely on various tools, with rescue time being paramount. The choice of fins, specifically long versus short ones, plays a critical role in optimizing lifeguard performance during rescues. This randomized cross-over study explores the impact of flipper size on ocean rescues, employing a sample of 14 lifeguards. Long fins (LFs) and short fins (SFs) were compared in terms of rescue time (RT) and physiological load (PL). Tests included ocean rescues without fins (R), with LF (R-LF), and with SF (R-SF). Variables recorded encompassed swim approach time, tow-in time, overall rescue time, perceived exertion rates (RPEs), and post-rescue lactate concentration. Long fins demonstrated superior performance in swim approach and tow-in times compared to both short fins and no fins (p < 0.001). Overall rescue time favored long fins significantly (p < 0.001), indicating their efficiency in practical ocean rescue scenarios. Physiologically, long fins induced lower perceived exertion in arms (p = 0.033) compared to short fins. Lactate concentrations post-rescue revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05). This study demonstrates that long fins significantly improve lifeguard performance during ocean rescues, reducing rescue times and alleviating arm fatigue.
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Koto, Muhammad Hendrik, and Muhammad Dedi Irawan. "Decision Support System for Selecting Rescuer Candidates for Basarnas Special Group Using SMART And BORDA." JISA(Jurnal Informatika dan Sains) 6, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31326/jisa.v6i1.1651.
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The National Search and Rescue Agency (also known as BASARNAS) is a government agency responsible for offering search and rescue services in the event of an accident or disaster. At BASARNAS there is a special team, the BASARNAS Special Group (BSG). BSG performs rescues during national and international disasters or accidents. BSG itself consists of selected people, namely BSG candidates from all search and rescue office rescuers in Indonesia. BSG candidates themselves are still calculated manually so that it can affect the time efficiency of SAR personnel in making selections, this research was conducted at the Medan Class A Search and Rescue Office. To ensure that BSG candidates are accurate and processed quickly, a decision support system is needed. This time the researchers utilized the Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) and BORDA methods to determine BSG candidates. With the criteria used, namely fitness (K1), physical health (K2), mental health (K3) and creativity (K4). Then the alternatives used are 25 alternatives which include 20 skilled rescuers and 5 beginner rescuers. and the results can be saved in the form of a PDF file. The results of calculations using the SMART and BORDA methods found that among skilled rescuers, Rescuer-T15 is a suitable candidate to become a BSG candidate by obtaining a total score of 6049.25 and among novice rescuers, Rescuer-P5 obtained the highest score of 756.00.
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Pyke, Graham H., and Judit K. Szabo. "What can we learn from untapped wildlife rescue databases? The masked lapwing as a case study." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 2 (2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18003.
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Much untapped potential exists for research based on wildlife rescues and surveys by citizen scientists. Many vertebrate animals are injured or threatened with injury through human activities and warrant ‘rescue’, generally by volunteers. Faunal surveys, involving citizen scientists, yield complementary biologically relevant information. Research using these databases can indicate spatial and temporal patterns in abundance and risk of mishap, potentially informing management and conservation for threatened species. However, little research has utilised such databases, with few implications for conservation, leaving a wealth of available information. We used the masked lapwing (Vanellus miles), an Australian shorebird, to illustrate the research potential of a rescue database combined with bird survey data. This species nests and feeds on the ground, has flightless young dependent on parents for protection, and is commonly observed in urban and agricultural areas. Consequently, it is often recorded during bird surveys and is frequently rescued. Combining rescue information with abundance estimates from bird surveys should confirm or refine knowledge about abundance and reproductive biology, and indicate spatio-temporal patterns in the risks encountered. To evaluate these expectations, we obtained date, location and age for lapwings rescued by NSW Wildlife Information Research and Education Service during 2005–2013, and monthly reporting rates from New Atlas of Australian Birds during 1999–2010. Numbers of rescued lapwing chicks, juveniles and adults per month were consistent with the life cycle of this species, and risks from vehicles, pets and other human activities. Our results illustrate how research utilising rescue and fauna survey databases could inform management and conservation of threatened species.
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Rom, Anna, and Ilan Kelman. "Search without rescue? Evaluating the international search and rescue response to earthquake disasters." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e002398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002398.
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Earthquakes around the world are unnecessarily lethal and destructive, adversely affecting the health and well-being of affected populations. Most immediate deaths and injuries are caused by building collapse, making search and rescue (SAR) an early priority. In this review, we assess the SAR response to earthquake disasters. First, we review the evidence for the majority of individuals being rescued locally, often by relatives and neighbours. We then summarise evidence for successful live rescues by international SAR (ISAR) teams, along with the costs, ethics and other considerations of deployment. Finally, we propose an alternative approach to postdisaster ISAR, with the goal of reducing overall morbidity and mortality.
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Kwok, Alan B. C., Ron Haering, Samantha K. Travers, and Peter Stathis. "Trends in wildlife rehabilitation rescues and animal fate across a six-year period in New South Wales, Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): e0257209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257209.
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Globally, millions of animals are rescued and rehabilitated by wildlife carers each year. Information gathered in this process is useful for uncovering threats to native wildlife, particularly those from anthropogenic causes. However, few studies using rehabilitation data include a diverse range of fauna, cover large geographical areas, and consider long-term trends. Furthermore, few studies have statistically modelled causes of why animals come into care, and what are their chances of survival. This study draws on 469,553 rescues reported over six years by wildlife rehabilitators for 688 species of bird, reptile, and mammal from New South Wales, Australia. For birds and mammals, ‘abandoned/orphaned’ and ‘collisions with vehicles’ were the dominant causes for rescue, however for reptiles this was ‘unsuitable environment’. Overall rescue numbers were lowest in winter, and highest in spring, with six-times more ‘abandoned/orphaned’ individuals in spring than winter. Of the 364,461 rescues for which the fate of an animal was known, 92% fell within two categories: ‘dead’, ‘died or euthanased’ (54.8% of rescues with known fate) and animals that recovered and were subsequently released (37.1% of rescues with known fate). Modelling of the fate of animals indicated that the likelihood of animal survival (i.e. chance of: being released, left and observed, or permanent care), was related to the cause for rescue. In general, causes for rescue involving physical trauma (collisions, attacks, etc.) had a much lower likelihood of animals surviving than other causes such as ‘unsuitable environment’, ‘abandoned/orphaned’, and this also showed some dependence upon whether the animal was a bird, reptile, or mammal. This suggests rehabilitation efforts could be focused on particular threats or taxa to maximise success, depending on the desired outcomes. The results illustrate the sheer volume of work undertaken by rehabilitation volunteers and professionals toward both animal welfare and to the improvement of wildlife rehabilitation in the future.
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Zhu, Kejun, Jian Tang, Haixiang Guo, Chengzhu Gong, and Jinling Li. "Using a combinatorial auction-based approach for simulation of cooperative rescue operations in disaster relief." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 09, no. 04 (August 2018): 1850035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962318500356.
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In practice, we experience low efficiency of search and rescue (SAR) frequently in disaster relief. Here, we will optimize the SAR through agent-based simulation. In the kind of cases described here, rescue teams are characterized by different capabilities, and the tasks often require different capabilities to complete. To this end, a combinatorial auction-based task allocation scheme is used to develop a cooperative rescue plan for the heterogeneous rescue teams. Then, we illustrate the proposed cooperative rescue plan in different scenarios with the case of landslide disaster relief. The simulation results indicate that the combinatorial auction-based cooperative rescue plan would increase victims’ relative survival probability by 13.8–16.3%, increase the ratio of survivors getting rescued by 10.7–12.7%, and decrease the average elapsed time for one site getting rescued by 19.0–26.6%. The proposed rescue plan outperforms the rescue plan based on the F-Max-Sum a little bit. The robustness analysis shows that the proposed rescue plan is relatively reliable on condition that both the search radius and scope of cooperation are larger than thresholds. Furthermore, we have investigated how the number of rescue teams influences the rescue efficiency.
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Khrisnanda, Faradita, and Theresia Indira Shanti. "Psychological Distress and Dyadic Coping in the Context of Marital Satisfaction of Indonesian Search and Rescue (SAR) Rescuers: A Mixed-Method Study." ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 37, no. 2 (July 25, 2022): 307–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v37i2.4887.
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Marital satisfaction is an important resource that will determine the quality of life and personal well-being, as well as help maintain work performance in the context of Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer profession. However, the risks associated with this profession put Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuers at risk of experiencing psychological distress that could hinder their marital satisfaction. In addition to psychological distress factors, efforts by Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuers in involving their sposes through dyadic coping were found to be associated with marital satisfaction. Using the mixed-method explanatory sequential method approach, this study aims to determine the role of psychological distress and social support on marital satisfaction of Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuers. Quantitative data collection involved Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuers in their first 10 years of marriage (n = 33). Qualitative data collection involved two Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuers with marital satisfaction in the high and low category, as well as dyadic coping in the high and low category. Results of quantitative analysis show that it is psychological distress, not dyadic coping, that significantly predict the decrease in marital satisfaction. Results of qualitative analysis show that psychological distress from the profession leads to symptoms of psychological distress in the form of emotional exhaustion, withdrawal behavior, and indifferent behavior, which has an impact on negative interactions, conflict triggers, and lack of quality time with spouses. Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer who conduct dyadic coping (discussing with each other, providing opinions or points of view, and listening with empathy) leads to feelings of satisfaction in marriage, namely through feelings of togetherness and trust.
Kepuasan pernikahan adalah sumber daya penting yang akan menentukan kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan diri, serta membantu mempertahankan performa kerja pada konteks profesi Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer. Namun, risiko yang berkaitan dengan profesi tersebut menempatkan Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer untuk memiliki kerentanan mengalami tekanan psikologis yang dapat menghambat kepuasan pernikahannya. Selain faktor tekanan psikologis, upaya Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer untuk melibatkan pasangan melalui dyadic coping ditemukan turut berhubungan dengan kepuasan pernikahan. Melalui metode mixed-method dengan pendekatan explanatory sequential design, studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan tekanan psikologis dan dukungan sosial pada kepuasan pernikahan Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer. Pengambilan data kuantitatif melibatkan Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer dengan rentang usia pernikahan dalam 10 tahun pertama (n = 33). Pengambilan data kualitatif melibatkan dua individu Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer dengan kepuasan pernikahan berkategori tinggi dan rendah, serta dyadic coping berkategori tinggi dan rendah. Hasil analisa kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa bukan dyadic coping yang memprediksi penurunan kepuasan pernikahan secara signifikan, namun tekanan psikologis. Hasil analisa kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa tekanan psikologis yang bersumber dari profesi tersebut mengarah pada gejala tekanan psikologis berupa kelelahan emosional, perilaku menarik diri, dan perilaku acuh yang berdampak pada interaksi yang cenderung negatif, pemicuan konflik, dan minimnya waktu berkualitas dengan pasangan. Search and Rescue (SAR) rescuer yang melakukan dyadic coping (saling berdiskusi, memberikan pendapat atau sudut pandang, dan mendengarkan dengan empati) mengarah pada perasaan puas pada pernikahan, yakni melalui perasaan kebersamaan dan rasa percaya.
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Sawamura, K., T. Taira, and T. K. Watanabe. "Hybrid lethal systems in the Drosophila melanogaster species complex. I. The maternal hybrid rescue (mhr) gene of Drosophila simulans." Genetics 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.299.
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Abstract Hybrid females from Drosophila simulans females x Drosophila melanogaster males die as embryos while hybrid males from the reciprocal cross die as late larvae. The other two classes are sterile adults. Letting C, X, and Y designate egg cytoplasm, X, and Y chromosomes, respectively, and subscripts m and s stand for melanogaster and simulans, CmXmYs males are lethal in the larval stage and are rescued by the previously reported genes, Lhr (Lethal hybrid rescue) in simulans or Hmr (Hybrid male rescue) in melanogaster. We report here another rescue gene located on the second chromosome of simulans, mhr (maternal hybrid rescue) that, when present in the mother, rescues CsXmXs females from embryonic lethality. It has been postulated that the hybrids not carrying the Xs like CmXmYs males are larval lethal and that the hybrids carrying both the Cs and the Xm like CsXmXs females are embryonic lethal. According to these postulates CsXmYs males (obtained by mating attached-X simulans females to melanogaster males) should be doubly lethal, at both embryo and larval stages. When both rescuing genes are present, Hmr in the father and mhr in the mother, males of this genotype are fully viable, as predicted.
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Cope, Holly R., Clare McArthur, Rachael Gray, Thomas M. Newsome, Christopher R. Dickman, Aditi Sriram, Ron Haering, and Catherine A. Herbert. "Trends in Rescue and Rehabilitation of Marsupials Surviving the Australian 2019–2020 Bushfires." Animals 14, no. 7 (March 27, 2024): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14071019.
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The 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season had a devastating impact on native wildlife. It was estimated that 3 billion native animals were impacted by the fires, yet there are few estimates of the number of animals that were rescued and rehabilitated post-fire. Focusing on the state of New South Wales (NSW) and Kangaroo Island, South Australia, we used a case study approach to determine the number of marsupials that were reported rescued due to the 2019–2020 bushfires in these areas and analysed species-specific trends in rescue and release success. In NSW, we found 889 reports of fire-affected marsupials in 2019–2020, mostly comprising kangaroos and wallabies (macropods; n = 458), koalas (n = 204), and possums (n = 162), with a smaller number of wombats (n = 43) and other marsupial species. Most reports of fire-affected marsupials occurred 6–8 weeks after fire ignition, and there was no difference in temporal frequency of rescues between marsupial groups. For the three main groups, the probability of survival and subsequent release differed, with macropods having the lowest probability of release after rescue (0.15 ± 0.04) compared to koalas (0.47 ± 0.04) and possums (0.55 ± 0.10). The type of injury was the main predictor of survival during rehabilitation for all three marsupial groups, with those malnourished/moribund or with traumatic injuries less likely to survive rehabilitation. Death or euthanasia occurred on the day of rescue for 77% of macropods, 48% of possums and 15% of koalas. Koalas most often died during rehabilitation rather than on the day of rescue, with 73% either dying or being euthanised between day 1 and 30 post-rescue, representing a potential welfare concern. On Kangaroo Island, koalas were the most frequently rescued marsupial species; most euthanasia cases and deaths occurred in a hospital, whereas other marsupials were mostly euthanised at triage. In both jurisdictions, koalas were over-represented while possums were under-represented relative to baseline population densities and wildlife rescue trends in the years before the 2019–2020 bushfires. These species differences in presentation post-fire warrant further investigation, as do the differences in triage, survival and release outcomes. It is hypothesised that the high intensity and large scale of the 2019–2020 fires impeded marsupial fire evasion tactics, as evidenced by the small number of animals found for rescue, and the differing rates of presentation relative to underlying population densities for the main marsupial groups. Based on our findings, there is a need for detailed record keeping and data sharing, development of consistent and evidence-based triage, treatment and euthanasia guidelines and deployment of trained wildlife emergency rescue teams with advanced search techniques to minimise animal suffering where safe to do so.
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De Santo, Natale Gaspare, Carmela Bisaccia, and Luca Salvatore De Santo. "Maximum Time-to-Rescue After the 1908 Messina-Reggio Calabria Earthquake was 20 Days: Hints for Disaster Planning?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17000024.
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AbstractIntroductionMaximum time-to-rescue has been studied accurately for many earthquakes in the years 1985-2004. No study is available for historical quakes.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study aimed to evaluate long-term survivors (from the fifth day after the quake) of the Messina-Reggio Calabria earthquake (1908; Italy), which is considered, historically, to be the worst seismic event in Europe.MethodsAccurate readings of 11 national newspapers from the fifth day after the quake looking for rescued persons and transferring, to an ad hoc form, all data relating to each rescued person.ResultsThe maximum time-to rescue was 20 days. There were 225 survivors, among them 51 children (22.6 %). For 23 out 225 rescued persons, there was evidence of availability of foods and drinkable fluids while under the rubble.ConclusionThe maximum time-to-rescue under the debris following this historical earthquake far exceeds that of all other quakes that occurred in the years 1985-2004. The long survival under debris was probably due to the lack of an order to stop search and rescue. Recent strategies reducing the time for search and rescue carry the risk of missing survivors.De SantoNG, BisacciaC, De SantoLS. Maximum time-to-rescue after the 1908 Messina-Reggio Calabria Earthquake was 20 days: hints for disaster planning?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):249–252.
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Irving, Carlton. "Coming to the rescue of the rescuer." Whitireia Journal of Nursing, Health & Social Services, no. 29 (2022): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/whit.2906.
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Wójtowicz, Stanisław, Łukasz Dominiak, and Igor Wysocki. "A Duty to Rescue and Its Costs." Analiza i Egzystencja 65 (2024): 91–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/aie.2024.65-06.
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The purpose of the present paper is to analyse the problem of cost generated by the performance of a duty to rescue. The authors consider three distinct views of this problem by confronting a scenario in which one party decides to rescue another, where providing such assistance seems to involve an infringement upon the property rights of the third party. For example, A rescues drowning B but in the process of doing so A apparently trespasses upon C’s land. The question that the authors pose is: Assuming that there is a duty to rescue, who should be charged with the cost of what seems to be an infringement upon the third party’s property rights? The paper analyses the following possibilities: the cost should be borne by (a) the victim of the emer- gency, (b) the rescuer, (c) the third party whose rights seem to have been encroached upon. Even though the authors begin with a pronouncedly libertarian assumption about the third party’s absolute property rights, in the course of the discussion they come to the conclusion that it is exactly this assumption that should be further probed and ultimately relaxed in order to reach the most plausible solution to the present dilemma.
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Berkson, Julia, Hugh McFarland, and Amy Rosenberg. "Rescue of vaccine T cell memory following sublethal gamma irradiation (VAC3P.952)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 73.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.73.14.
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Abstract Subsequent to sublethal γ radiation exposure, survivors reacquire immune competence, but lose vaccine immunity. Our goal is to rescue CD8+ T cell-mediated memory responses following γ radiation exposure. In a mouse model of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection, we found that rapid revaccination (rescue) of immunized mice following irradiation preserves CD8+ T cell mediated immunity. Rescued mice are able to survive a wild type LM challenge infection when the rescue vaccine strain, LM-deltaActA, is given 0-3 days following radiation exposure. A signature of rescue was revealed in gene profiling studies in which a group of cytokines and chemokines were uniquely up regulated in the spleens of LM-rescued animals as compared to mice irradiated without rescue. These included factors important in resistance to LM, such as proinflammatory factors CCL2, TNFα, and IL-6 and bacterocidal factors CXCL9, 10, and 11 as well as anti-apoptotic factors including IL-15 and IER3, which may have a role in rescue of memory CTL. RAW264.7, a macrophage cell line, produced a similar cytokine profile when irradiated and infected with LM, suggesting a probable myeloid source for the majority of these factors. Monocyte activation by the combination of irradiation and LM infection may thus create conditions of rescue by producing cytokines and chemokines that enhance clearance of LM and rescue CD8+ CTL mediating vaccine immunity.
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Sawamura, K., M. T. Yamamoto, and T. K. Watanabe. "Hybrid lethal systems in the Drosophila melanogaster species complex. II. The Zygotic hybrid rescue (Zhr) gene of D. melanogaster." Genetics 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.307.
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Abstract Hybrid females from Drosophila simulans females x Drosophila melanogaster males die as embryos while hybrid males from the reciprocal cross die as larvae. We have recovered a mutation in melanogaster that rescues the former hybrid females. It was located on the X chromosome at a position close to the centromere, and it was a zygotically acting gene, in contrast with mhr (maternal hybrid rescue) in simulans that rescues the same hybrids maternally. We named it Zhr (Zygotic hybrid rescue). The gene also rescues hybrid females from embryonic lethals in crosses of Drosophila mauritiana females x D. melanogaster males and of Drosophila sechellia females x D. melanogaster males. Independence of the hybrid embryonic lethality and the hybrid larval lethality suggested in a companion study was confirmed by employing two rescue genes, Zhr and Hmr (Hybrid male rescue), in doubly lethal hybrids. A model is proposed to explain the genetic mechanisms of hybrid lethalities as well as the evolutionary pathways.
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McKee, Andrea, Brady McKee, Christoph Wald, Carla Lamb, Paul J. Hesketh, and Sebastian Flacke. "Rescue Lung, Rescue Life." Oncology Issues 29, no. 2 (March 2014): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463356.2014.11883918.
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Beliuchenko, Dmytro, Andriy Maksymov, Victor Strelets, and Оlexander Burmenko. "Comparative analysis of rescue operations to rescue a victims at a height." Problems of Emergency Situations, no. 38 (November 2023): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-38-6.
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A quantitative comparative assessment of the influence of the size of the rescue teams, as well as the level of preparedness of the rescuers-climbers on the time of implementation of various options for rescuing the victim by evacuation in an unsupported space, was carried out, which will contribute to solving the problem of reducing the time of rescue work at height without reducing the level of safety as a personnel rescue teams, as well as victims who require evacuation in an unsupported space. A comparative assessment of various options for height rescue operations was carried out, taking into account both the level of training of rescuers and the completeness of the rescue unit. with the help of both a spinal immobilization shield and rescue stretchers by the personnel of rescuers of the basic and initial level of training in groups of full and part-time staff in accordance with the criteria of Shapiro-Wilkie, Fisher and Student. It is shown that the time distribution of height rescue operations according to the options considered with a significance level of =0,05 can be considered normal. At the same time, the mathematical expectation of the time of height rescue work at height for the specified options differs significantly not only depending on the technical capabilities of the special equipment and safety devices used, but also on the level of preparedness of the rescuer-climber and the size of the rescue team. These properties must be taken into account when drawing up methodological recommendations for performing rescue work at height, as well as professional training of a rescuer-climber. The reliability of the obtained estimates was confirmed by comparison with the results of research conducted in 2018–2019.
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Grodzicka, Aneta, and Jan Szlązak. "Analysis of Survey Results in Terms of Selection of Characteristics of the Mining Rescuer to the Ranks of Rapid Response." Management Systems in Production Engineering 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-10-02-2016.
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Abstract The authors of the current study undertook the subject of the analysis features of the mining rescuer as a member of the ranks of the rescue, with particular emphasis on the following parameters: heart rate, body weight, height, BMI, age and seniority in the mining and rescue. This publication concerns the analysis of the test results of these characteristics rescuer as a potential member of the ranks of the rescue, taking into account its risk appetite, stress resistance, attitude towards life, the role of the team, teamwork, attitude to work, motivation to work and physical fitness.
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Song, Gwi-chai. "Problems and Improvement Plan of Crime Victim Relief Fund Calculation Method." Korean Association Of Victimology 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36220/kjv.2022.30.3.1.
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In 2010, the ｢Crime Victims Aid Act｣ was abolished and the new ｢Crime Victims Protection Act｣ was enacted, bringing about continuous changes to the development of the crime victim aid system which is guaranteed as a basic right in the Constitution.
In the Rescue Act, which was abolished due to this influence, the relief money paid to victims to be rescued was a fixed amount in the form of a consolation money, but in the later revised Protection Act, the concept of actual income or average income of rescue victims was introduced, a system was implemented to pay differential rescue funds according to the relationship between the rescue victim and the rescue target victim.
Meanwhile, the amount of relief also continued to increase each year in line with the rise in average wages, and the target for disability relief was expanded from the previous 10th grade to the 14th grade.
In addition, there have been many previous studies that the protection law needs to be revised as foreign spouse rescue and victims of incidents caused by negligence are excluded from the rescue target.
In addition, there are several problems with the rescue system, but the first problem to be improved is the uniform calculation method of the rescue fund that does not consider the age of the rescue victim at the time of the incident.
It has been pointed out that the relief funds received by the victims to be rescued are not fair due to these problems, the ranking of unmarried children over the age of 19 who live on the income of rescue victims is not reasonable, and it is very insufficient to guarantee their future life.
Therefore, this study aims to suggest a plan to improve the structural fund calculation method that can fundamentally improve the problems of the structural fund system.
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Vander Wal, E., D. Garant, M. Festa-Bianchet, and F. Pelletier. "Evolutionary rescue in vertebrates: evidence, applications and uncertainty." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1610 (January 19, 2013): 20120090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0090.
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The current rapid rate of human-driven environmental change presents wild populations with novel conditions and stresses. Theory and experimental evidence for evolutionary rescue present a promising case for species facing environmental change persisting via adaptation. Here, we assess the potential for evolutionary rescue in wild vertebrates. Available information on evolutionary rescue was rare and restricted to abundant and highly fecund species that faced severe intentional anthropogenic selective pressures. However, examples from adaptive tracking in common species and genetic rescues in species of conservation concern provide convincing evidence in favour of the mechanisms of evolutionary rescue. We conclude that low population size, long generation times and limited genetic variability will result in evolutionary rescue occurring rarely for endangered species without intervention. Owing to the risks presented by current environmental change and the possibility of evolutionary rescue in nature, we suggest means to study evolutionary rescue by mapping genotype → phenotype → demography → fitness relationships, and priorities for applying evolutionary rescue to wild populations.
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Lovin, D., I. Saveliev, and V. Strelets. "FORMATION OF A SET OF GOALS FOR THE SIMULATION EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEM "RESCUER - MEANS OF PROTECTION AND PROVISION OF EMERGENCY AND RESCUE WORK - EMERGENCY SITUATION"." Municipal economy of cities 6, no. 173 (December 16, 2022): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-6-173-148-153.
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It was noted that an important and unsolved part of the problem of the inconsistency of the new tasks faced by the rescuers working under the conditions of today's additional restrictions to the conditions of using a wide variety of fire and rescue equipment in the rescue unit is the lack of a general approach to the formation of a set of goals for assessing what how well the "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" system functions, according to the results of simulation (both physical and with the help of computer) modeling. It is emphasized that the assignment of the properties of the system "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" is a necessary but not sufficient condition for solving the problems of evaluating this system. These properties must be combined into defined aggregates or expressed in the form of generalized integral characteristics. Such generalized characteristics are the quality indicators of such a system, i.e., a set of its properties that express the degree of usefulness of the system for the external environment at the output of the simulation system. It is noted that the tasks of evaluating the system "emergency situation - emergency rescue work - rescuer" can be checking the suitability of this system for its purpose, comparing such systems of the same type, deciding on the continuation (termination) of the development of such a system or adopting a ready-made system, determining the prospects of a specific system and evaluating compliance of its real state with the normative one. At the same time, the external efficiency criterion represents the regularity of personnel activity in the "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" system, as it reflects the functioning of this system, establishing an objective, repeated under certain conditions connection between the quality indicators of the system and those inherent in it effects The goals of the simulation evaluation of the system "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" are substantiated, as which it is necessary to consider the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of rescuers and the results of the functioning of this system, the determination of the functional dependence of the system's generalized efficiency indicator on a set of selected initial indicators and further clarification based on the obtained functional dependence of such system organization rules, in which the specified value of the generalized efficiency indicator will be exceeded. Keywords: simulation assessment, system, emergency rescue operations, efficiency.
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Fees, Colby P., and Jeffrey K. Moore. "A unified model for microtubule rescue." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-08-0541.
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How microtubules transition from depolymerization to polymerization, known as rescue, is poorly understood. Here we examine two models for rescue: 1) an “end-driven” model in which the depolymerizing end stochastically switches to a stable state; and 2) a “lattice-driven” model in which rescue sites are integrated into the microtubule before depolymerization. We test these models using a combination of computational simulations and in vitro experiments with purified tubulin. Our findings support the “lattice-driven” model by identifying repeated rescue sites in microtubules. In addition, we discover an important role for divalent cations in determining the frequency and location of rescue sites. We use “wash-in” experiments to show that divalent cations inhibit rescue during depolymerization, but not during polymerization. We propose a unified model in which rescues are driven by embedded rescue sites in microtubules, but the activity of these sites is influenced by changes in the depolymerizing ends.
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Sun, Zhi, Yuanyuan Yu, Yiying Mei, Xunqiao Xiao, and Zicang Shi. "Multi-target Emergency Rescue Path Planning in Marine Wind and Wave Environments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2437, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2437/1/012098.
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Abstract With the development of marine-related industries, the number of tasks at sea has increased, and accidents there happen more frequently as well. Search and rescue are very challenging because of the extreme wind and wave environment at sea. Therefore, the state has been paying more attention to maritime emergency rescue. One part is emergency rescue path planning, which is crucial for helicopter emergency rescue at sea. In this paper, a series of multi-target rescue path solutions are created in order to solve the challenge of multi-target rescue path planning while taking into account sea wind and waves. The rescued targets’ floating trajectory model is first established. Then, a recursive algorithm based on a permutation tree is given in response to the unsteady change of the targets’ position at sea. The rescue path is planned with the goal of cutting down on the helicopter’s search time. Finally, using the multi-target rescue in China’s Taiwan Strait as an example, it is discovered that the overall time needed for the multi-target rescue is decreased by 7.03 minutes, and the efficiency of the rescue is improved by 13.3% in the wind and wave environment at sea. According to the research, the optimal rescue path shortens the time required for multi-target rescue at sea while increasing the effectiveness of helicopter rescue operations.
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Agustini, Ni Kadek Dwi, Sang Ayu Made Putri Suryani, I. Wayan Arya, and Yoga Parawangsa. "Rescue Inventory and Turtle Rehabilitation at the Turtle Education and Conservation Center Denpasar-Bali." East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2, no. 9 (October 3, 2023): 3689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i9.5844.
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Turtles are ancient animal species that have survived millions of years ago until today. The turtle population in Indonesia is currently facing various threats to its sustainability. This study aims to determine the number of stranded turtles and the results of confiscation in the 2018-2023 period and to determine the condition of the turtles after being rescued by TCEC. This research was conducted on January 9 - February 11 at the Turtle Conservation and Education Center. Samples were all types of turtles that were rescued from early 2018-2023 by the TCEC and were rehabilitated in the ponds that had been provided. The results of this study indicate that in 2020 there was an increase in rescue cases carried out by the TCEC. The factor for the surge in rescues in 2020 was due to bad weather which stranded turtles, apart from that there were strong winds, heavy ocean currents, and fishing activities from the community that at that time were affected by Covid-19, all people switched professions to become fishermen which caused a surge in rescue cases with the statement bycatch in 2020.
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Cao, Pingping, Jin Zheng, Mingyang Li, and Yu Fu. "A Model for the Assignment of Emergency Rescuers Considering Collaborative Information." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021203.
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Emergency rescue is a critical decision for emergency response, and the assignment of rescuers is crucial to the sustainable development of emergency rescue. Therefore, how to effectively assign rescuers to carry out rescue tasks, so as to achieve the best rescue effect, is a research problem with practical value. In this paper, a model for the assignment of emergency rescuers considering collaborative information is proposed. Firstly, the synergy degrees of rescuers are calculated based on the synergy effect between rescuers and the synergy ability of rescuers. Secondly, according to the evaluation values of the skill level of rescuers, the competence degrees of rescuers are calculated and the overall ability of each rescuer is obtained. Then, the satisfaction degrees of rescuers are calculated according to the subjective preferences of rescuers. Furthermore, the task fitness degrees are obtained, and the satisfaction of rescue time is calculated. Afterwards, a model for assignment of emergency rescuers is constructed with the satisfaction of rescue time and the task fitness degrees maximization as the objectives, and the optimal assignment scheme can be obtained through solving the model. Finally, an illustrative example on the rescuer assignment under public health emergencies is given to illustrate the use of the proposed model.
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Rahman, M. H. "Optimum age of siliques for rescue of hybrid embryos from crosses between Brassica oleracea, B. rapa and B. carinata." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-003.
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Interspecific hybrids were produced from crosses involving Brassica rapa var. Yellow Sarson (AA), Canadian B. rapa (AA) cultivars, B. oleracea var. alboglabra (CC), B. oleracea var. italica (CC), rapidcycling B. oleracea (CC) and B. carinata (BBCC) to introgress the yellow seed color or self-incompatibility genes into B. napus. Embryo rescue technique was employed for this purpose. In interspecific crosses where a CC genome species was used as the female parent, a significantly lower number of ovules were fertilized compared to the crosses where the BBCC genome species was female. Embryo growth and development were slower in the crosses where the CC genome species was female than in the crosses where BBCC genome species was female. The efficiency of the embryo rescue technique from 16 to 40 d after pollination (DAP) with 4-d intervals was investigated in the crosses using CC genome species as female. The highest numbers of embryos were rescued between 20 and 28 DAP depending upon the specific cross undertaken. However, the survival rate of the embryos rescued at 20 DAP was very low compared to the embryos rescued at 24 and 28 DAP. The survival rate of the embryos rescued at 32 DAP was generally high, but the number of embryos rescued at this stage was significantly lower than at 24 and 28 DAP. No embryos were obtained at 16 DAP or at 40 DAP. Thus, using the CC genome species as female parent, the maximum efficiency of the embryo rescue technique was achieved when embryos were rescued between 24 and 28 DAP. In the case of crosses using the BBCC genome species as female, rescue of hybrid embryos was successful at 18 and 22 DAP. Key words: Brassica, interspecific cross, embryo rescue, embryo development
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Eggert, Linda. "Supererogatory Rescues." Journal of Philosophy 120, no. 5 (2023): 229–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil2023120515.
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Recent debates about supererogatory rescues have sought to explain how it can be wrong to perform a suboptimal rescue although it would be permissible not to rescue at all. This paper proposes a new solution to this puzzle. It argues that existing accounts have neglected two critical considerations. First, contrary to what is commonly assumed, a rescue’s supererogatory nature has no bearing on the duties that apply to agents who rescue in supererogatory fashion. Second, we cannot justify harms caused as a side effect of supererogatory rescues by appealing to the fact that it would have been permissible not to rescue at all. Ultimately, the paper proposes, the same duties that apply in cases in which rescuing is required also apply in cases in which rescuing is supererogatory. A rescue’s supererogatory nature, it turns out, is not the game changer we thought it was.
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Castellar, Carlos, Antonio Cardona, and Alejandro Moreno-Azze. "Descriptive and comparative analysis of the admission tests for the mountain rescue corps of the Guardia Civil (Spain)." Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove 11, no. 1 (2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spes2401061c.
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The Mountain Rescue and Intervention Group (GREIM) of the Spanish Civil Guard plays a critical role in ensuring safety and conducting rescues in mountainous terrains. Established to address the specific demands of rescues in inaccessible and high-altitude areas, GREIM members require exceptional physical and technical preparation. This study provides a descriptive and comparative analysis of the GREIM admission tests, evaluating their rigor and comparing them to similar tests in other specialized rescue units. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the results of the GREIM admission tests and compare their type and level of demands with those of other rescue bodies and similar units. Data collection took place during the GREIM admission tests in March 2023. The GREIM tests are designed to select candidates with the necessary physical and technical skills to operate in extreme conditions. Compared to other specialized forces such as firemen and military units, the GREIM tests are more exhaustive, incorporating unique elements like climbing and navigation in difficult terrains. This ensures that GREIM members are prepared for the high physical demands of mountain rescues, where both physical and psychological resilience are critical. Overall, this study highlights the high level of physical and technical demand of the GREIM admission tests. The comprehensive preparation required for these tests underscores their alignment with the requirements of other specialized mountain rescue units internationally, ensuring the selection of highly capable and prepared candidates for mountain rescue operations. This comparative analysis reveals a convergence in the standards of these demanding assessments, adapted to the specific operational environments of each rescue unit.
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Chou, Tsung-Han, Zixuan Hao, Diego Alba, Angelina Lazo, Gabriele Gallo Afflitto, Jeremy D. Eastwood, Vittorio Porciatti, John Guy, and Hong Yu. "Mitochondrially Targeted Gene Therapy Rescues Visual Loss in a Mouse Model of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 23 (December 2, 2023): 17068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317068.
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Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a common mitochondrial genetic disease, causing irreversible blindness in young individuals. Current treatments are inadequate, and there is no definitive cure. This study evaluates the effectiveness of delivering wildtype human NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit 4 (hND4) gene using mito-targeted AAV(MTSAAV) to rescue LHOH mice. We observed a declining pattern in electroretinograms amplitudes as mice aged across all groups (p < 0.001), with significant differences among groups (p = 0.023; Control vs. LHON, p = 0.008; Control vs. Rescue, p = 0.228). Inner retinal thickness and intraocular pressure did not change significantly with age or groups. Compared to LHON mice, those rescued with wildtype hND4 exhibited improved retinal visual acuity (0.29 ± 0.1 cy/deg vs. 0.15 ± 0.1 cy/deg) and increased functional hyperemia response (effect of flicker, p < 0.001, effect of Group, p = 0.004; Interaction Flicker × Group, p < 0.001). Postmortem analysis shows a marked reduction in retinal ganglion cell density in the LHON group compared to the other groups (Effect of Group, p < 0.001, Control vs. LHON, p < 0.001, Control vs. Rescue, p = 0.106). These results suggest that MTSAAV-delivered wildtype hND4 gene rescues, at least in part, visual impairment in an LHON mouse model and has the therapeutic potential to treat this disease.
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Zou, Ruiming, Shihui Luo, Weihua Ma, and Qing Wu. "Dynamic Characteristics of Metro Trains under Rescue Conditions." Shock and Vibration 2020 (November 6, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8869605.
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In order to study the dynamic characteristics of metro train under rescue conditions, a detailed dynamic model with different train formations is established, taking into account the characteristics of wheel-rail contact, nonlinear characteristics of suspension components, and nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of the draft gear systems. To verify the accuracy of the simulation results, field tests are carried out and comparison is made between simulation and test results. Then, simulation analyses are conducted under the condition of AW0 rescues AW0, AW0 rescues AW3, and AW3 rescues AW3. Based on the simulation results, the longitudinal dynamic characteristics of the train under different rescue conditions are compared, and the influence of the longitudinal impulse on the dynamic performance of coupler and vehicle is analyzed. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to improve the draft gear as well as the rescue method.
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Whiteley, Andrew R., Sarah W. Fitzpatrick, W. Chris Funk, and David A. Tallmon. "Genetic rescue to the rescue." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30, no. 1 (January 2015): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.009.
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Yang, Jiong, Zhen Yang, Qi Lv, Hai-feng Liu, Hui Ding, Meng-yang Yu, Xi-huan Zeng, Xin Wang, and Hao-jun Fan. "Medical Rescue of China International Search & Rescue Team (CISAR) in Nepal Earthquake." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.16.
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AbstractOn April 25, 2015, a massive 8.1-magnitude earthquake struck Nepal at 2:11 pm (Beijing time). The 68-member-strong China International Search & Rescue Team (CISAR) left for Nepal at 6 am, April 26, to help with relief work. The CISAR was the first foreign team to rescue a survivor who was trapped beneath the rubble in the Gongabu area after the earthquake. On May 8, the team fulfilled the search-and-rescue mission and returned to Beijing. During the 2 weeks of rescue work, the team treated more than 3700 victims and cleared approximately 430 buildings. In this rescue mission, 10 experienced medical officers (including nine doctors and a nurse) from the General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (PAP) comprised the medical team of CISAR. In this report, we focus on the medical rescues by CISAR and discuss the characteristics of the medical rescue in Nepal. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:536–538)
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KERENJI, EMIL. "‘Your Salvation is the Struggle Against Fascism’: Yugoslav Communists and the Rescue of Jews, 1941–1945." Contemporary European History 25, no. 1 (January 13, 2016): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777315000478.
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AbstractThis article recounts a little-known episode in which Yugoslav partisans, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, rescued some 2,500 Jews from the former Italian camp for Jews in the northern Adriatic in the autumn of 1943. By focusing on this historical event, the article argues for broadening the notion of rescue of Jews during the Holocaust. Rather than locating ‘rescue’ in the motivations of individuals, the article takes as a point of departure the collective aspect of rescue and investigates the importance of the ideological considerations of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in its decision to rescue the Jews. Rather than in abstract ethical notions, the partisan rescue of the Jews was rooted in their political vision of the future socialist federation, of which the Jews were part.
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Biacchesi, Stéphane, Yan-Xing Yu, Monique Béarzotti, Carolina Tafalla, Miriam Fernandez-Alonso, and Michel Brémont. "Rescue of synthetic salmonid rhabdovirus minigenomes." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-8-1941.
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Synthetic T7-driven cDNA minigenomes containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene as a reporter were derived from the genome of two salmonid novirhabdoviruses, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). We showed that an exogenous IHNV RNA minigenome transfected into fish cells could be rescued following IHNV infection as it was replicated, encapsidated and transcribed. When cells were infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing T7 RNA polymerase (vTF7-3), transfected with the plasmid carrying the IHNV minigenome (genomic- and antigenomic-sense) and superinfected with IHNV, rescue of the minigenome was more efficient. Heterologous VHSV/IHNV rescue experiments failed. Finally, when the IHNV N, P and L proteins were expressed from cDNAs in cells, the minigenome was also successfully rescued, indicating that the nucleocapsid proteins were biologically functional. These data represent the first example of rescue experiments for non-mammalian rhabdoviruses replicating at a low temperature.
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Aguirre, B. E., Dennis Wenger, Thomas A. Glass, Marcelino Diai-Murillo, and Gabriela Vigo. "The Social Organization of Search and Rescue: Evidence From the Guadalajara Gasoline Explosion." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 13, no. 1 (March 1995): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709501300105.
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The Guadalajara gasoline explosion of 22 April, 1992, is examined to show the importance of social organization in search and rescue activities. Interviews were conducted with forty three victims that had been buried alive by the explosion and twenty two volunteers who had participated in the direct rescue phase. They reported on their own experiences during SAR and those of victims and rescuers near them. Most of the people that were rescued alive were rescued by these volunteers. Volunteers’ social identities in peer groups, extended families, the neighborhood, and the Catholic Church structured their search and rescue activities. Chances of people surviving the blast were directly proportional to the presence among the searchers of a person or persons who cared for the victim and who knew the victim's likely location. The behavior of the victims was marked by the continuation of preexisting motivational, normative, and value orientations. Victims acted cooperalively during entrapment. Most of the living victims were rescued during the first two hours after the explosion.
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Tian, J., J. Du, J. Han, Z. Wang, Z. Fu, and Z. Lu. "Gut microbiota variations in a rescued spotted seal Phoca largha pup." Aquatic Biology 29 (July 16, 2020): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00729.
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Rescuing seal pups is an important conservation action for spotted seals Phoca largha. Gut microbiota are directly associated with host health and diet metabolism. Therefore, knowledge gained from gut microbiota variations of spotted seal pups held in captivity after rescue can help formulate comprehensive rescue plans for the future. In this study, we collected feces from a rescued spotted seal pup every 3 d during the rescue process. Fecal bacterial communities were measured by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA amplification. Firmicutes were the most dominant bacteria, comprising >70% of the total gut microbiota. Moreover, differences in fecal bacterial communities of the rescued spotted seal pup between rescue and release were compared. At release, the abundances of 2 potential bacteria related to gut health, Blautia producta and Cetobacterium somerae, were remarkably lower, while Clostridium perfringens, a key mammalian pathogen, was significantly higher in the feces of the released pup. Moreover, the pup experienced a bout of diarrhea during its time in captivity, which resulted in a momentary change in its gut microbiota. Fusobacterium was recognized as a potential causative pathogen for the diarrhea. This study contributes to our understanding of gut microbiota variations in spotted seal pups during the rescue period.
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Arya, Shreyas, Melissa L. Kingma, Stacey Dornette, Amy Weber, Cathy Bardua, Sarah Mierke, and Paul S. Kingma. "Comparison of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation to High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Neonates with Refractory Respiratory Failure." International Journal of Pediatrics 2022 (May 2, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7864280.
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Background. Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a relatively new mode of ventilation in neonates. We hypothesize that APRV is an effective rescue mode in infants failing conventional ventilation and it is comparable in survival rates to rescue with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Methods. This is a 6-year retrospective cohort study of infants that failed synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and were rescued with either APRV or HFOV. For comparison, we divided infants into two groups (28-37 and >37 weeks) based on their corrected gestational age (CGA) at failure of SIMV. Results. Ninety infants were included in the study. Infants rescued with APRV ( n = 46 ) had similar survival rates to those rescued with HFOV ( n = 44 )—28-37 weeks CGA (APRV 78% vs. HFOV 84%, p = 0.68 ) and >37 weeks CGA (APRV 76% vs. HFOV 72%, p = 0.74 ). Use of APRV was not associated with an increase in pneumothorax (APRV 0% and HFOV 10%, p = 0.31 , in 28-37 weeks CGA, and APRV 0% and HFOV 4%, p = 0.22 , in >37 weeks CGA). Conclusion. APRV can be effectively used to rescue infants with refractory respiratory failure on SIMV. When compared to HFOV, rescue with APRV is not associated with an increase in mortality or pneumothorax.
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Su, Bing, Na Jia, Yang Xu, and Xin Feng Cheng. "Study on Locating a Master Station of Gas Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 894–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.894.
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Gas station has a potential safety hazard, which would affect lives and property security of residents around it, once an accident occurs, it needs to be rescued immediately. We focus on locating a master station of gas station from the perspective of rescue, add a class of decision points (rescue points) and take rescue costs after the accident into consideration. The model for location is established, and show genetic algorithm for computing it. This provides a theoretical basis for relevant departments planning gas stations location.
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Liu, Jida, Yuwei Song, Shi An, and Changqi Dong. "How to Improve the Cooperation Mechanism of Emergency Rescue and Optimize the Cooperation Strategy in China: A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031326.
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To reveal the interaction and influence mechanism between emergency rescue entities, and to explore and optimize a cooperation mechanism of emergency rescue entities, a tripartite evolutionary game model of emergency rescue cooperation based on government rescue teams, social emergency organizations, and government support institutions was constructed. The stability of each game subject’s strategy choice was explored. Simulation analysis was applied to investigate the influence mechanism of key parameters on the evolution of the game subject’s strategy combination. The research results show that government rescue teams, social emergency organizations, and government support institutions have consistent political demands and rescue targets in emergency rescue cooperation. The game subjects are driving forces for each other to choose positive strategies. The game evolution process of the emergency cooperation model shows a “mobilization-coordination” feature. At the same time, the emergency capital stock formed based on trust relationships, information matching, and institutional norms between game subjects can promote the evolution of the game system toward (1,1,1). In addition, for government organizations with limited emergency resources, the average allocation of emergency resources is not the optimal solution for emergency rescue efficiency. However, it is easier to achieve the overall target of emergency rescue cooperation by investing limited emergency resources in key variables that match the on-site situation. On this basis, combined with the practice of emergency rescues in emergencies, countermeasures and solutions are proposed to optimize the mechanism and improve the efficiency of emergency rescue cooperation.
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Yang, Zhaosheng, Huxing Zhou, Xueying Gao, and Songnan Liu. "Multiobjective Model for Emergency Resources Allocation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/538695.
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Emergency resources allocation is essential to the emergency rescue effectiveness, and it has become a research focus for emergency rescue. This paper proposes a multiresource dynamic allocation model of emergency rescues and corresponding solving method. The object of the proposed model is to maximize the overall emergency rescue effectiveness of allocated resources and minimize the allocating costs of resources. The model considers the dynamic nature that the casualties of trapped victims change over time. At last, a numerical example is presented to test the model and its algorithm.
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Chen, Fujiang, Jingang Liu, and Junying Chen. "Earthquake Disaster Rescue Model Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory." Complexity 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6655574.
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China is located in the intersection area of two seismic zones. Due to this special geographical location, earthquake disasters occur frequently in China. Earthquake emergency rescue work is one of the key construction works of disaster prevention and mitigation in China. This paper mainly studies the earthquake disaster rescue model based on the complex adaptive system theory and establishes the earthquake disaster rescue model by analyzing the complex adaptive system theory and combining the earthquake rescue process. In this paper, through the task allocation mechanism task, the disaster rescue task is divided into simple task and complex task, and the executive task subject is divided into single task subject and multitask subject. On the basis of considering the shortest emergency rescue time goal and the goal of maximizing the deployment utility of rescue team, the reasonable deployment of a rescue team is realized through a complex adaptive system, that is, the deployment utility of the rescue team is maximized. In this paper, the simulation experiment and comparison of the earthquake disaster rescue model based on the complex adaptive system theory are carried out. The experimental results show that the model used in this paper is better than the other two models in terms of algorithm convergence, rescue number, and overall score; in different scenarios, the relative survival probability of the model in this paper is 58.92%, 67.85%, and 77.46%, and the proportion of the wounded rescued is 66.31%, 76.45%, and 83.06%, which were higher than those of the other two models. The earthquake disaster rescue model based on the complex adaptive system theory proposed in this paper provides an effective theoretical basis and method system for postdisaster emergency rescue decision making and enhances and improves the emergency response ability to deal with large-scale geological disaster events.
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Yu, Lianbo. "On the Scope of Liability for Negligence in Maritime Search and Rescue under the Background of the Amendment to the Maritime Code." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 50, no. 1 (April 26, 2024): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/50/20240832.
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In the era of contract-based maritime rescue under the background of amendments to the Maritime Code, disputes arise regarding whether a rescuer who, due to negligence, causes harm to the assisted party should bear tort liability. When a rescuer negligently causes harm to the assisted party during maritime rescue operations, it constitutes concurrent liability for tort and breach of contract. The rescuer should bear the responsibility for compensating the damages. Specifically, in establishing liability, it is essential to adhere to the standards identical to those in the Tort Liability section of the Civil Code. However, in determining the scope of liability, the principle of full compensation should not be strictly applied and can be appropriately relaxed. First, after posing the question, this paper employs a legal normative analysis method to explore the applicable domestic and foreign laws as well as international treaties related to the issue. The current legal systems stance on the matter is derived from legal norms. Analyzing the rights and obligations relationship between the rescuer and the assisted party from the perspective of balancing interests aims to achieve a new balance of interests between the two parties. Secondly, by comparing the Maritime Code with the Civil Code, the specific differences between the Maritime Code and the Civil Code provisions are identified. Additionally, considering the inherent characteristics of the Maritime Code, an analysis is conducted to differentiate the establishment and scope of liability for negligence-induced maritime rescue. Thirdly, through comparative analysis, it is determined that the rescuer should bear liability for damages resulting from negligent infringement, but the scope of liability can be appropriately limited. Moreover, a comparison between the maritime rescue system and relevant systems is made to clarify the relationship between the maritime rescue system and other relevant systems, providing theoretical support for the amendment of the Maritime Code. Finally, solutions and recommendations are proposed for the issues raised in the context of amendments to the Maritime Code.