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Ayam, Rufus. "Research and Development and Firm Performance : Investigating the need for Research and Development Expenditure as a factor of enhancing the Performance of Firms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65105.
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Despite the huge sum of money that is being spent on research and development (R & D) on yearly basis by firms, very few empirical studies exist to shed more lights about the effects of this practice on firm performance. However, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in their publication of International Accounting Standard (IAS) 38, require that expenditures incurred during R & D should either be expensed in the statement of comprehensive income or capitalized as an intangible asset in the statement of financial position provided certain criteria are fulfilled (IASB, 2012, p. 1045).Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of expensed R & D and/or capitalized R & D on firm performance METHOD: Data for the study was collected from the audited financial statements of firms listed at the London Stock Exchange as well as from the website of this stock market. Two sampling techniques were utilized in the study; namely stratified sampling and random sampling. Stratified sampling technique was used to stratify the companies into various industries while random sampling was used to randomly select firms that are engaged in R & D from each of these industries. The final sample consisting of 52 firms gave a total of 260 observations for a period of 5 years between December 31st, 2007 to December 31st, 2011.Expensed R & D and capitalized R & D were obtained by taking the averages of statement of comprehensive income R & D to Revenue and statement of financial position R & D to revenue respectively. Moreover, firm performance was measured using accounting-based indicators which were Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Capital Employed (ROCE), Dividend Yield (DY), Dividend Cover (DC), Earnings per Share (EPS), Price Earnings Ratio (PE) and Capital Gearing Ratio (CGR). RESULTS: The results of the study show that expensed R & D has a significant positive impact on DC, a significant negative impact on EPS, positively correlated with CGR with no significant impact and negatively correlated with ROA, ROCE, DY and PE but had no significant impact. As concerns capitalized R & D, the results reveal that capitalized R & D has a significant negative impact on ROA, ROCE and EPS, positively correlated with CGR but have no significant impact and negatively correlated with DY, DC and PE as well though no significant impact was found.
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Kruiniger, Hugo. "Investment, R & D, and the financing decisions of the firm." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6685.
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Puth, Yannik. "Market Research for Foreign Market Development : A case study of a Swedish manufacturing firm." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76320.
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Market research is a crucial element in a firm’s internationalization process. Expanding into new markets comes with a variety of challenges and high risk of failure which ultimately would impact a firm’s finances negatively. In order to reduce the uncertainty of entering foreign markets, market research is conducted. It aims to collect information and thereby is supposed to help a firm’s decision- making on market entry. However, firms commonly face the issue of having either too much or too little information of a market. This study pursues to identify the information, also known as decision criteria, for Swedish manufacturing firms that seek international market development. This may give firms a superior understanding of important decision criteria when there is an information overload. In addition to that, this study investigates the sources of information which may be useful if too little information is available. Through the research approach – case study – this paper provides in-depth explanations of the how firms conduct market research. It shows that the internet is a useful tool to unveil multiple decision criteria. Moreover, networks are introduced as a source of information which previous scholars have not discussed sufficiently. Using networks complements the internet in a good manner since it information through networks is more detailed and prescriptive, as opposed to the internet which entails objective information.
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Carvalho, Adao Antonio Nunes de. "Technology alliances and firm performance : Portuguese SMEs in an EU-sponsored research setting." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390917.
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Evangelista, Rinaldo. "Embodied and disembodied patterns of innovation and industrial structure." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360521.
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Al-Kazemi, Saad A. "Patenting Activity, Firm Innovation Characteristics, and Financial Performance: An Empirical Investigation." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1249013130.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009Title from PDF (viewed on 19 August 2009) Department of Accounting Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Pyykkö, E. (Elina). "Stock market response to research and development expenditures of the firm in the context of mergers and acquisitions." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514293443.
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This dissertation investigates the success of technology M&As. The research question is approached through four separate empirical essays, each of which assesses a different but interrelated issue of value creation of technology M&As. The approach used throughout the dissertation is to consider the motives of improving acquirer’s R&D activity through the acquisition of a technology firm and stress the role of the interaction between acquirer’s and target’s resources. The first two essays investigate the valuation consequences of M&As, while the following two essays examine pricing implications of M&As.
The results indicate that technology M&As are successful in enhancing the acquiring firm’s R&D activities to the extent that it manifests as an increase in the stock market valuation of acquirer’s R&D spending and its higher future profitability. The results also demonstrate that investors do not fully recognize these benefits at the announcement of M&A. Therefore investors benefit from technology M&As in the long run when these benefits begin to materialize. Furthermore, the results show that even when compared to other possible motives, enhancing acquirer’s R&D activities is an important and successful motive for M&As, emphasizing the absorptive capacity of the acquiring firm in generating synergies from the combination of two firms.
Overall, the findings of the dissertation provide more evidence on the success of mergers and acquisitions motivated by technology improvement. The thesis emphasizes the interaction between acquirer’s and target’s resources in creating synergies from M&As, with a focus on technological resources. The evidence also has important implications for the literature on the stock market valuation of R&D expenditures as it indicates that technology M&As can be considered an R&D investment with significant impacts on this activity.
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Bakar, Raka Prasetya. "Open Innovation strategy : Exploring challenges and opportunities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110537.
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Innovation strategy has been playing an important role on innovation development in industrial firms. Extant studies have investigated in particular open innovation strategy. By using a qualitative case study, I have conducted a research in an Indonesian R&D firm that has implemented an open innovation strategy. The purpose of this research is to add more information and confirm existing knowledge by exploring challenges and opportunities during the implementation of an open innovation strategy. I identify many challenges which are found in several aspects of innovation development such as collaboration management, assets protection and accessing external knowledge. Furthermore, the opportunities that I found are related with enhancement of license strategy, nurture of employee’s loyalty and establishment of various collaboration forms. These challenges and opportunities occurred due to the influence of the openness paradigm. The results of this study also confirm previous research result on the adoption of the partly open innovation scheme and the layered collaboration scheme. RQ: what are the firm-level challenges and opportunities with using an open innovation strategy?
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Li, Chun-Sheng. "Impact of localisation and R&D intensity on the firm performance of MNE subsidiaries investing in emerging markets : an empirical analysis of Taiwanese investment in China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4430.
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In this thesis, using Taiwanese companies investing in China as the sample, the impact of localisation and R&D intensity on the firm performance of MNE subsidiaries investing in an emerging market are examined. There has been limited previous research for this important topic. In order to strengthen the statistical results, the thesis includes two major models to compare: OLS regression model and binomial logit model. In the empirical part, five explanatory variables: local employment ratio (local worker linkage), local content ratio (local supplier linkage), local capital ratio (local financial linkage), local sales ratio (local sales linkage), and firm’s age will be employed to measure the scope and extent of localisation. The strategic goal and operation type of local-market-seeking FDI are significantly different from that of export-oriented FDI. Thus, I categorise Taiwanese manufacturing industries investing in China into two groups: the local-market-seeking group and the exportoriented group. It is noteworthy that for these two groups, each localisation variable and R&D intensity exert a different impact on subsidiary performance. Besides, the aggregate influence of these five localisation variables on the subsidiary-level performance of local-market-seeking group is larger than that on the subsidiary-level performance of export-oriented group. Therefore, it is suggested that local-market-seeking FDI is more affected by host country local business environment than is export-oriented FDI.
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Ahmed, Kazi Sabbir. "INVESTMENTS IN PRODUCT QUALITY WITH HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/535.
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This dissertation investigates how competition among heterogeneous firms affects R&D in quality enhancement in a quality-ladder type framework for a Cournot oligopolistic industry. The research also analyzes the welfare implications of various policies that promotes R&D. Some of the theoretical predictions are then tested empirically using firm-level data for Bangladesh from the World Bank's enterprise survey. Chapter 1 shows that a rise in the cost of production of the competitor will induce a firm to invest more in R&D if and only if the quality difference between the existing product and the product emerging from R&D activities is sufficiently large. Also, welfare-reducing effect of helping a `minor' firm is lower in the presence of possible quality differences. Empirical results supports the theoretical findings. Chapter 2 shows that protecting domestic industry of high quality goods encourages firms to invest more in R&D. The size of the optimal tariff depends on the degree of product differentiation and market share of the foreign firms and is not necessarily positive. Chapter 3 shows that a small tariff imposed by the trading partner on the high quality good will deter R&D. However, as the tariff gets bigger, the relationship changes sign. The size of an R&D subsidy depends on the market share of the firms. Empirical results provide support to the theoretical findings.
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Kandampalayam, Kandasamy Palaniappan Mouleeswaran. "Design, Development and Validation of UC Film Cooling Research Facility." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511863107613678.
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Nishioka, Kenichi. "Roles of inter-firm relationships in R&D : the case of NTT in the Japanese telecom industry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4030.
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The value and scope of telecom services have increased substantially in the decade from the mid 1990s. The telecom companies have offered not only telephone services but also data exchanges for example streaming services. Therefore, they now offer telecom services as packaging into which layered services are integrated. The number of actors involved in the market has increased due to the expansion of business areas, while rapidly changing technological trends have altered R&D methods. The thesis shows that the adoption of the marketing concept and the development of complex inter-firm technology based relationships underpin the creation and management of new telecom services. The relationships have originated from an exchange of technological knowledge and specialized skills. This research uses the NTT-centred collaboration system in Japan, which features relational exchanges and high mutual dependence. This case shows that inter-firm relationships greatly contributed in the development of technological resources in two ways; collecting advantageous technologies from others and mediating in the introduction of new technologies. In addition, developments in technology resulted in an expanded domain of applicability. Consequently, not only the market structure was changed but also the relationship between marketing and R&D changed. With increasing integration of the market, the number of related firms increased as firms concentrated on specific technologies, with additional firms having superior competitive advantages in each layered business area. The case in the thesis also shows mechanisms of changing inter-firm relationships under dynamic business circumstances; indirect exchanges occurred when inter-firm relationships changed. Inter-firm relationships are changed, keeping existing but adding new relationships. The study also indicates a new direction to study service marketing. As the new trend of service development in ICT industry develops so the integration abilities and the management of inter-firm relationships in supply-sides become more focused. The thesis points to the importance of these upstream activities (coordinating inter-firm relationships in a service-oriented approach) and advocates the presence of a facilitator who can bridge both upstream and downstream activities. The results should contribute to both marketing and technology management in academia as well as business practices in R&D management.
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Diso, Dahiru Garba. "Research and development of CdTe based thin film PV solar cells." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2011. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/4941/.
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The motivation behind this research is to bring cheap, low-cost and clean energy technologies to the society. Colossal use of fossil fuel has created noticeable pollution problems contributing to climate change and health hazards. Silicon based solar cells have dominated the market but it is cost is high due to the manufacturing process. Therefore, the way forward is to develop thin films solar cells using low-cost attractive materials, grown by cheaper, scalable and manufacturable techniques. The aim and objectives of this work is to develop low-cost, high efficiency solar cell using electrodeposition (ED) technique. The material layers include CdS and ZnTe as the window materials, while the absorber material is CdTe. Fabricating a suitable devices for solar energy conversion (i.e. glass/conducting glass/window material/absorber material/metal) structure. Traditional way of fabricating this structure is to grow window material (CdS) using chemical bath deposition (CBD) and absorber material (CdTe) using electrodeposition. However, CBD is a batch process and therefore creates large volumes of Cd-containing waste solutions each time adding high cost in manufacturing process. This research programme is therefore on development of an "All ED-solar cells" structure. Material studies were carried out using photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the electrical characterisation of fully fabricated devices was performed using current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. This research programme has demonstrated that CdS and ZnTe window materials can be electrodeposited and used in thin film solar cell devices. The CdS electrolytic bath can be used for a period of 7 months without discarding it like in the CBD process which usually has life-time of 2-3 days. Further work should be carried out to increase the life-time of this bath, so that there can be used continuously minimising waste solution production in a manufacturing line. An efficiencies showing up to 7% was achieved for complete devices. However, the consistency and reproducibility remains un-resolved due to production of efficiencies between (2 - 7)% efficient devices varying from batch to batch. One of the reasons has been identified as the growth of CdS nano-rods with spacing between them. This is the first observation of CdS nano-rods and could open up many applications in nano-devices area. In order to improve the consistency of the solar cell efficiency, CdS layers should be grown with nano-rods aligned perpendicular to the glass surface and with tight packing without gaps, or with uniform coverage of CdS over the conducting glass surface. The possibility of growth of CdTe absorber layers with n- and p-type electrical conduction using change of stoichiometry was confirmed using the results presented in this thesis. This is a key finding, important to form multi-layer solar cell structures in the future.
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Entwistle, Gary. "Managing disclosure, the case of research and development in knowledge-based firms." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21285.pdf.
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Beriker, Emma A. "Application Software Firms’ Research And Development Influence On Post-Ipo Stock Performance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/780.
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This research aims to explore if and to what extent the IPO-Year R&D investments of 32 Application Software companies return value, as measured through stock performance. By utilizing “Ordinary Least Squares Analysis” and the “Fama-French Three Factor Model,” this research explores how the initial R&D investments in “IPO-Year” impact stock returns during the three years post-IPO. This study is purposed to discover if and how long it takes for the initial R&D investment in the IPO-Year to materialize into stock performance for Application Software companies. However, the research and analysis indicates that R&D expenditures in an IPO-Year is not a statistically significant variable in influencing stock performance.
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Putz, James M. "Development of a direct-force-reading, thin-film shear stress gage." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020143/.
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Botha, Alwyn Francois. "An investigation into the research and development of nanostructured photovoltaic cells." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4301.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organic semiconductors are used to manufacture thin film (smaller than 50nm) photovoltaic devices. Layer thicknesses are calibrated with the use of an AFM and QCM crystals. An in house method is prepared for solar cell comparison, and AM1.5G (one sun equivalent) testing is performed on manufactured solar cells. The importance of layer thickness and the exciton blocking layers are also highlighted. Numerical modelling of the optical electric field amplitude is done by the transfer matrix method, to take optical interference effects into consideration. The photo generated current was extracted as a function of absorption with varying position in the active layers, and used to excite a general model for organic photovoltaic cells.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Organiese halfgeleiers word gebruik vir die vervaardiging van dun-film (kleiner as 50nm) fotovoltaïse toestelle. Laagdiktes is gekalibreer deur die gebruik van ’n AFM en QCM kristalle. ’n Inhuis metode is voorberei vir die vergelyking van vervaardigde selle. Daarna is AM1.5G (een son ekwivalente) toetse uitgevoer op die vervaardigde sonselle. Die belangrikheid van laag dikte en die “exciton” blok lae word ook beklemtoon. Numeriese modellering van die optiese elektriese veld amplitude word gedoen deur die oordrag matriks metode, om optiese interferensie gevolge in ag te neem. Die foto-gegenereerde stroom is as ’n funksie van absorpsie onttrek met wisselende posisie in die aktiewe lae, en is gebruik in ’n algemene model vir organiese fotovoltaïse selle.
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Richter, Katharina Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Spengel. "Research and Development Tax Planning of Multinational Firms / Katharina Richter. Betreuer: Christoph Spengel." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074102584/34.
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Li, Xiuqin. "Innovation process in research and development service firms : the case of the UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/innovation-process-in-research-and-development-service-firms-the-case-of-the-uk(1f322b32-6d2d-495e-92d7-7fb1b745b252).html.
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Research and development service firms (RDSFs), a subsector of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), provide contract R&D services to third parties for payment. They are a major generator of new technological knowledge serving manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries. Their innovation activities are in the up-stream of the knowledge creation value chain. This explorative study focuses on R&D service firms and their innovation activities. We have adopted a qualitative research design seeking to address the need to strengthen theory-building on service innovation, and in particular to extend the limited empirical evidence on RDSFs innovation. The literature on innovation in services and KIBS constitutes a strong theoretical foundation of this study. It provides the conceptual tools upon which we develop a working definition of RDSFs and ground our analysis. We examine the long-term development of the UK's R&D Service Sector using secondary data. This builds a 'real-life context' for case studies on innovation in RDSFs. Qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 32 firms in the UK. Analysis revealed the heterogeneous nature of these firms by identifying four main business models. Moreover, our findings point towards a clearly defined typology of RDSFs based on a combination of innovation drivers and outcomes. Four fundamentally different types of RDSFs can be identified: Technology-based innovation exploiters, Science-focused innovation explorers, Client-led innovation integrators, and Open innovation translators. This thesis contributes to the research on the supply side of R&D outsourcing by elaborating the development, business and innovation activities of RDSFs. It also contributes to understanding innovation in specific KIBS sub-sector by providing empirical evidence on the innovation processes of RDSFs.
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Muftah, G. E. A. "Research and development of CuInTe2 and CdTe based thin film PV solar cells." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2010. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20098/.
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The aim of this work was to make low cost thin film solar cells by electrodeposition, using two different materials; copper indium ditelluride (CuInTe[2]) and cadmium telluride (CdTe). CuInTe[2] was chosen to see if it could eliminate the problems associated with the more commonly used materials CuInSe[2] and CuInGaSe[2]. The CdTe was grown by a novel two electrode system and compared with material grown by the conventional three electrode system. Also the chlorine treatment of CdTe was investigated. CuInTe[2] films were electrochemically deposited from aqueous solutions and cyclic voltametry was used to determine suitable deposition parameters. X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the bulk structure, the band gap energy and the surface morphology of the materials respectively. It was found that layers deposited for 3 hours were ~1.5 mum thick and had a polycrystalline chalcopyrite structure with the band gap varying between 1.05 and 1.30 eV. Current-voltage characteristics of the CuInTe[2]/electrolyte, solid/liquid junctions were measured under dark and illuminated conditions, the layers were found to be photo active and p-type in electrical conduction. CdTe films were electrochemically deposited from aqueous solutions using both two and three electrode systems. Different preparative parameters such as growth voltage and heat treatment conditions were optimised by measuring the I-V characteristic of glass/FTO/CdS/CdTe/Au devices. The device efficiency was high at a growth voltage of 695 mV vs SCE for the 3 electrode system and 1570 mV for the two electrode system. The optimum annealing conditions were 350°C for 20 minutes in air. It is established that treating CdTe with chlorine has a beneficial effect on the solar cell device. For comparison, untreated and treated CdTe were characterised by various techniques. XRD analysis showed a cubic structure, with a significant increase in intensity from the (111) reflection after chlorine treatment. Optical absorption showed a decrease in the band gap energy after chlorine treatment. A considerable change in the morphology between untreated and treated CdTe was observed by SEM. I-V measurements of completed chlorine treated glass/FTO/CdS/CdTe/Au devices showed a significant improvement in efficiency. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the two and three electrode systems; the two electrode system produced a better quality material with higher efficiencies than that obtained by the three electrode system. The best efficiency obtained from the two electrode system was 8.7% while the best efficiency obtained from the three electrode system was 8.4%.
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Tornberg, Aron, and Sofia Wennström. "Development and Research in Previsualization for Advanced Live-Action on CGI Film Recording." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137670.
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A major disadvantage of shooting on green screen with CGI is that the director cannot see or interact with the virtual elements in the scene and thus get a realistic view of how the end result will look like, and also not being able to make changes as necessary by moving objects and actors around during the shooting session. This disadvantage can be mitigated by the use of previsualization where the director is given a rough take of what the final cut will look like by combining the filmed material with the virtual environment in real-time. This masters thesis work aims to come up with solutions for improving the film studio Stiller Studioss previsualization system. This involves a review and integration of game engines for previsualization in a motion control green screen studio, a camera calibration process with blur detection and automatic selection of images as well as research into camera tracking and depth compositing.
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Richter, Katharina [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Spengel. "Research and Development Tax Planning of Multinational Firms / Katharina Richter. Betreuer: Christoph Spengel." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-389865.
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Moore, Ian Keith. "The impact of technology policy on innovation in small firms." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279579.
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Arney, Lawrence Hinkle. "Development and characterization of a hydrogen peroxide sensor using catalase immobilized on a pyroelectric poly(vinylidene flouride) film." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63985.
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This dissertation describes the design, development and results of a simple, inexpensive, rugged, pyroelectric heat-of-reaction detector that can be made in many configurations. The measured heat of reaction results from the reaction of a substrate on an enzyme. The enzyme is immobilized in a flow channel with a pyroelectric polymer film, poly(vinylidene fluoride) or PVDF. The sample is introduced into the flow channel using flow injection analysis technology. The heat from the reaction causes the pyroelectric material to produce an electrical potential proportional to the change in temperature which, in turn, is proportional to the substrate concentration. This potential is amplified and recorded.
A differential instrument amplifier produces a difference signal from a sample and reference PVDF film. This removes noise caused by stray electromagnetic radiation and piezoelectric pressure responses.
A conventional Flow Injection Analysis unit was employed. The FIA flow rate was four ml/min and the time from injection to peak maximum was less than three seconds, with a return to baseline of less than thirty seconds. This gives a quick analysis time and a reasonable number of analyses per unit time. Data interpretation is straight forward, peak height is proportional to the concentration.
A 70 μl sample gives a good response. Larger samples do not improve the signal. The system showed minimum detectable number of moles that is comparable to other methods, 7 x 10⁻⁸ moles.
The detector showed good response for more than two orders of magnitude. The results show excellent correlation to the modeled system of heat trans+er through the PVDF sensor.Ph. D.
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Mesquita, Pedro Vieira. "Not delivering as one: asymmetric outcomes in firm-university collaborations." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15128.
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Extant literature examined the benefits of relational embeddedness in facilitating collaboration between organizations, as well as the necessity of firms to balance their knowledge generation into exploration and exploitation activities. However, the effects of relational embeddedness in the specific outputs of firm-university collaborations, as well as the elements that affect the exploratory nature of such outcomes remain underexplored. By examining fine grained data of more than 4.000 collaborative research and development projects by a firm and universities, 5.000 patents, and 300.000 scientific publications, it was proposed that relational embeddedness would have a positive effect on resource commitment and on joint scientific publications, but a negative effect on joint patents and exploratory outcomes resulting of such collaborations. Additionally, it was proposed that knowledge similarity would have a negative impact in exploratory endeavors made in such projects. Although some of the propositions were not supported by the data, this study revealed that relational embeddedness increases resource commitment and the production of joint scientific publications in such partnerships. At last, this study presents interesting opportunities for future research.
A literatura existente examinou os benefícios de intensidade da relação como facilitador de colaborações entre organizações, assim como a necessidade de empresas balancearem a geração de conhecimento em ações exploratórias e de aplicação. Todavia, os efeitos da intensidade da relação nos resultados específicos das parcerias entre empresas e universidades, assim como os elementos que afetam a natureza exploratória desses resultados, permanecem subexplorados. Examinando dados detalhados de mais de 4.000 projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em colaboração entre uma empresa e universidades, 5.000 patentes e 300.000 publicações científicas, foi proposto que a intensidade da relação teria um efeito positivo no investimento de recursos e na produção de artigos científicos conjuntos, porém um efeito negativo na geração de patentes conjuntas e nos empreendimentos exploratórios resultantes dessas colaborações. Adicionalmente, foi proposto que semelhança entre conhecimentos teria um efeito negativo nas iniciativas exploratórias realizadas nesses projetos. Apesar de algumas proposições não terem sido confirmadas pelos dados, esse estudo revelou que a intensidade da relação tem efeito positivo no investimento de recursos e na produção de artigos científicos conjuntos nessas parcerias. Por fim, o estudo apresenta oportunidades interessantes para pesquisas futuras.
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Rajkovič, Matej. "Informační strategie firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223524.
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This thesis employs qualitative research with focus on corporate information technology strategy which is perceived as a tool used to build and maintain reputation in Slovak companies. The newly generated knowledge is then used to develop a new information technology strategy and implement it to a company using the best organization development and change practices.
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Weeder, David. "The impact of corporate governance provisions on R&D intensity:a closer look at corporate governance in an internationalperspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-357789.
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Using panel data analysis, this paper considers the impact of governance provisions on firm’sR&D investment decisions. The current paper also contributes to the literature on corporategovernance and innovation by introducing an interaction dimension which captures theinfluence that internationalization of U.S. firms may have on R&D investment decisions. Basedon a sample of 627 U.S. firms for the years 2008-2016 this paper’s results suggest thatgovernance provisions do not nurture or impede R&D investments, and therefore the resultscasts doubt on the existence of a relationship between governance provisions and R&Dintensity. The current paper’s findings also suggest that proposed effects of internationalizationdo not modify the relationship between entrenchment and R&D for U.S. firms.
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Murray, Mikey. "Building city : the impact of theory, creativity, and market in feature film development and practice-led film research." Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/building-city-the-impact-of-theory-creativity-and-market-in-feature-film-development-and-practiceled-film-research(561a4703-4acf-43ce-b6b6-02c4056f7567).html.
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This thesis is practice-led research in the field of commercial feature film development in the UK. It addresses the growing interest in practice as research in film, while proposing how traditional research methodologies can be broadened to allow for a more fluid use of practice as research in film for the future. In doing so, this thesis indicates that practice-led research is a critical tool for allowing a more functional understanding of the film industry generally because as a methodology it has the potential to encourage filmmakers and practitioners to engage with academic and research environments, and can ultimately expose more specific aspects of the filmmaking craft. Contextual analysis of this type does reveal the unfortunate presumption that often exists within film studies that there is a dichotomy between the theory of, and the practice of, making a film. Traditionally page-based film criticism has investigated film by seeking out associative theory and critiquing filmmaker’s work, while the filmmakers themselves often suggest that their artefacts ought to speak for themselves. As the development of making an industry film has rarely been subject to process specific theoretical critique by the filmmakers that created them, film practice has suffered a divorced relevance as a mode of research at doctoral level. The creative artefacts within this study, however, face a number of affects from film theory and this thesis confronts the traditional notion of a divide between page-based critical theory and production practices in film and builds towards an outcome that promotes a core relationship between the two. By presenting practical feature film development artefacts and providing a page-based critical insight, new knowledge can be revealed about how the UK film industry and critical theory both function as stimuli for creativity in film. The methodology here treats the filmmaker (myself) as a critical commodity in understanding the film industry and will show how the practicalities of making a film as a research artefact is influenced by a fusion of three core determinants: Critical Theory, Creative Process, and Market Forces. Structured around these three elements primarily, this study creates a working model for practice-led research, while giving an insight into the processes of feature film development in the UK.
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Kummarasetti, Srinivas Raju P. K. "A comprehensive tool to prioritize multiple engineering R & D projects." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1271.
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Finstorp, Axel, and Ferdinand Padang. "R&D Investments in Family Firms : A Perspective of Swedish Family Firms." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-31078.
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Problem: Several extant studies argue that family firm tend to invest less or even tend to avoidR&D investments, yet R&D investments are essential for sustaining competitive advantage of afirm as they facilitate innovation. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances family firms couldalso prefer R&D investments. Departing from these knowledge and drawing upon resource-basedview & dynamic capabilities concepts, this thesis will explore how family firms perceive R&Dinvestments, furthermore, it will investigate factors influencing R&D investments in family firmsthrough an in-depth qualitative approach. Purpose: To explore how family firms perceive R&D investments in the first place by utilizingSwedish family firms as the context which is aimed to provide a new viewpoint on R&Dinvestments in family firms from an in-depth approach. Furthermore, the study extends toinvestigate factors which have influence on whether or not family firms undertake R&Dinvestments Method: The study applies multiple case studies strategy with six cases in total and eightrespondents. To support the study, semi-structured interview is used to collect the data, inaddition to researcher's note. The analysis of empirical findings comprises of two parts, firstly,the empirical findings are presented per case which are followed by the summary of findings fromall cases at the end based on the theoretical lenses. Afterward, a cross-case analysis is conductedto observe emerging patterns which are used to further adapt the preliminary conceptualframework made from frame of references. Conclusions: Family firms according to their views on R&D could be divided into two groups.The first group consists of the firms without a dedicated R&D focus or firms that perceive R&D asembedded activity, while the latter is the firms with dedicated R&D focus. According to the waysthey perceive R&D, they subsequently put different emphasis on R&D investments. The firstgroup is rather reactive toward R&D, while the latter group is more proactive. These differencescould be explained by the internal and external influences (factors) which are found through theuse of resource-based view and dynamic capabilities. The internal factors are specialization,organizational culture and family history, while the external ones are trends and competition.Trends and specialization are found in almost all cases, and they explain the early engagement(without dedicated focus) of R&D in the firms. However, unlike trends, specialization mightpotentially lead to negative propensity toward R&D investments because of the competitiveadvantage gained from being specialized and knowledgeable in certain area. However, whencompetition comes into play, it might shift the circumstance by encouraging the firm to leave its“comfort zone”, thus would encourage R&D endeavors, in particular R&D investments especiallywhen the firm aims to lead in the market. Meanwhile, organizational culture could also be acatalyst for firms to focus on R&D, but it is very dependent on the culture instilled in the firmwhether or not it would encourage R&D. Firms with risk aversion, as suggested by literature andalso found in one of the cases would distance the firm from R&D investments. On the other hand,firms that show continuous learning and failure tolerating within their culture tend to put morefocus on R&D. And the last one, family history, which is found in three cases suggest a positiveinfluence toward R&D investments. The inventive behavior of the founder or former generationsis implanted in the family history, and being preserved by the current generations as corporateidentity or guiding values, of which contribute positively toward R&D investments in the firm.
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Woo, Yoo Hyung. "The systematic capacity for technological absorption (SCTA) and international technology transfer (ITT) : how some Korean firms successfully exploit Russian technology." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51421/.
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This thesis examines issues of international technology transfer (ITT), focusing on the exploitation of foreign technology between countries with contrasting strengths and capabilities. The tendency in ITT is that it has mostly been limited to the triad countries and to some latecomer economies in East Asia. An explanation for this tendency is that the extent of this shared common ground between countries directly affects a recipient country's capability to exploit and absorb foreign knowledge. This thesis examines cases of ITT which successfully occurred without such common grounds and offers explanations for specific cases. The conceptual framework was developed to explain how such extraordinary capabilities are created in order to overcome barriers to technological transfer. In addition, several other mechanisms and special factors are hypothesised as candidates for explaining the technology transfer process as one involving bridging and overcoming the barriers. These hypotheses are examined in relation to the Korean-Russian technology transfer, the main target of the investigation. Korea and Russia are countries that had no interaction prior to or during the Cold War period and shared little or no common ground. Nonetheless, after 1990 Korean firms have actively attempted to exploit Russian technology and some of them, though not many, have succeeded in exploiting and commercialising Russian technology. Important contextual issues for this examination are the military and mission-focused body of Russia's technological knowledge and the often cheaper importation of Western technology. Taking these contextual issues into account, this thesis identifies two principal issues that were overcome in the cases of successful technology transfer: a) the tacitness of Russian technological knowledge and b) the locality of the Russian “context of origin” in terms of the socio-cultural, economic, and political environment. The empirical content of the thesis involves a mixed approach with document analysis, interviews, a survey, and case studies. The research results show that the public agency programme's facilitating role as an intermediary (developed by the Korean government) creates the extra capacity to bridge the gaps involved in adapting Russian technology.
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Sharma, John A. "Analysis, design and development of a sustainable community fire station-based injury control and research centre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ47090.pdf.
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Rebelo, Guilherme Luís Sampaio. "Determinantes da propensão a inovar entre sectores industriais: análise empírica da sua variância e do seu posicionamento nos países desenvolvidos e Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1012.
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Mestrado em Economia e Gestão da Ciência Tecnologia e InovaçãoO objectivo desta investigação é o de analisar a relação entre a variância da propensão a patentear por sectores industriais, e os possíveis determinantes dessa variância em 10 economias desenvolvidas (EUA, Canadá, Japão, França, Itália, Alemanha, Reino Unido, Finlândia, Holanda e Dinamarca), sendo um capítulo dedicado exclusivamente a Portugal. Até há bem pouco tempo atrás esta análise não era possível. As bases de dados de patentes estão organizadas de acordo com uma classificação tecnológica, enquanto que as estatísticas económicas são organizadas de acordo com a afiliação sectorial de empresas. Porém, a recente publicação de nome "OECD Technology Concordance -OTC" tornou compatível e disponível informação sobre patentes a um nível sectorial. A fonte original da OTC é o European Patent Office. A análise efectuada relaciona os dados por sector industrial provenientes do OTC com informação sobre possíveis determinantes do patenteamento. Uma matriz de concordância teve que ser construída para tornar a informação proveniente de 6 fontes diferentes, perfeitamente compatível. É efectuada uma análise empírica através de um modelo econométrico que foi corrido separadamente para cada país e assumiu a forma geral log-lin. Seguidamente foi estimado um modelo com todos os países agrupados, pretendendo-se criar um exemplo único que permitisse obter estimativas expectáveis comparáveis com dados reais. Foram utilizadas as médias dos anos 93/94/95/96. A variável dependente foi representada através de "patentes por trabalhador por sector industrial". As variáveis explicativas principais são: APP (eficiência das patentes na apropriabilidade dos lucros em inovação); EFFORT (intensidade em I&D); SIZE (distribuição dimensional de empresas em cada indústria); e X/VAB ou X/VBP (propensão à exportação). As variáveis explicativas secundárias são: GVAB (oportunidade de mercado para inovar) e StPATDID (produtividade do investimento em I&D). A estimação econométrica revelou que APP e EFFORT são significativas para a maioria das economias, enquanto X/VAB ou X/VBP tendem a ser estatisticamente significativas em países fora da UE, ou países com comportamentos desviantes dentro da UE. Finalmente, temos que a variável SIZE, apesar de significativa estatisticamente, tem um impacto negativo no patenteamento. As variáveis secundárias têm fraca aderência ao modelo. Utilizando os resultados estatísticos do modelo Europeu no modelo Português, efectuámos a comparação da procura de patentes efectivamente existente em Portugal com aquelas que seriam expectáveis de acordo com a norma dada pelo grupo de países da UE. Finalizamos o estudo com as possíveis implicações destes resultados para teoria de inovação e na formulação de política públicas.
The aim of this investigation is to analyze the relationship between the variance of patenting propensity across different industrial sectors, and the possible determinants of that variance in 10 economies (US, Canada, Japan, France, Italy, Germany, UK, Finland, Netherlands and Denmark). We dedicate a chapter exclusively to Portugal. Until recently such analysis would not be possible. Patent statistics have been organized according to a technological classification, while economic statistics are organized according to the sectoral affiliation of firms. However, the recently published "OECD Technology Concordance - OTC" database has made available patenting data on a sectoral level. The original source of the OTC information is the European Patent Office. The analysis we carried out related the sectoral OTC data with information about the possible determinants of patenting. A concordance matrix had to be built to make compatible information stemming from 6 different sources. The econometric model that was run separately for each country, assumed the log-lin form with average values for years 93/94/95/96. As it follows we ran a generic model to all 10 countries, in order to create a unique example that would allow comparable estimates with real data. The dependent variable has been represented by "patents per employee". The main explanatory variables are: APP (effectiveness of patents to appropriate the returns on innovation); EFFORT (R&D intensity); SIZE (dimensional distribution of firms in each industry); and X/GVA or X/GDP (export propensity). The secondary explanatory variables are: gGVA (market opportunity to innovate) and StPATDID (R&D productivity). The econometric estimation revealed that APP and EFFORT are significant for most economies, while X/GVA or X/GDP tends to be statistically significant only for non-EU countries, or countries with deviant behaviour inside EU. Finally SIZE despite always very significant has a negative impact on patenting. The secondary variables have poor adherence to the model. Applying the European results to the Portuguese Model, we can compare the patents actually requested to those expectable with the European structure. The paper finalizes with the implications of these results for both innovation theory and policy formulation.
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Marsh, Jan H. "Development of an experimental setup for the study of film pulsation effects on film cooling effectiveness." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1111.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Aerospace Engineering
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Stoedinova, Sashka Dragomanova. "The relationship between research & development stock of knowledge and firm performance indicators : size, exports and productivity in the UK economy : does investing in R&D pay off, when and for whom?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7295/.
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Although the ‘endogenous growth’ theory links macroeconomic growth to firms’ R&D, still, there is no comprehensive and conclusive research showing how undertaking R&D affects individual firm performance. Using several market indicators such as size, exports and productivity, this study provides a valuable input in the UK context by analysing a panel of 956 firms during 2003/4 – 2013/14, employing an empirical approach. We find no significant relationship between a firm’s R&D stock of knowledge and its size (measured in terms of both absolute size and size relative to its industry) across ‘All-Firms’ dataset as well as a subset of only highly innovative firms. Employing the Generalised Structural Equation Modelling, we evidence two-way causality between a firm’s R&D stock of knowledge and its exports, both positively affecting each other, depending on firm productivity. In line with Bravo-Ortega et al. (2013), we find that at a firm-level, R&D stock of knowledge affects productivity by two channels; directly and indirectly through export levels. However, we find no evidence of ‘selection’ bias in both export and R&D activities. Contrary to the ‘learning by exporting’ hypothesis, we evidence a negative relationship between a firm’s labour productivity and its export intensity (running in both directions).
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Opletal, Zbyněk. "Návrh změn v oblasti výzkumu a vývoje pro posílení konkurenceschopnosti firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223847.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is proposal of measures that will lead to a real increase in the competitiveness of ZETOR TRACTORS a.s., the producer of tractors, engines and components of trademark Zetor. Based on internal and external analysis of the company are proposed measures, which should be subsequently applied to the development of company and thereby strengthening of its competitiveness on the global market.
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Ndahiro, James. "Voluntary disclosure concerning research and development and its effect on stock prices : An empirical investigation of UK listed firms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516425.
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Tonial, Genny, and Gaia Agnetti. "The Returning Indian Diaspora : Exploratory Research on Indian Return Migration Drivers and potential Effects on Firms’ Performance and Country’s Development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176189.
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This research investigates the drivers that pushed Returned Non Resident Indians(RNRIs) to come back to their homeland and their potential contribution, through the knowledgeand competences acquired by studying and working abroad, to the Firms that hire them.We used a qualitative method pursued through semi-structured non-standardized interviews withexperts of the topic and RNRIs. Furthermore, in order to have better insights, we looked at thebackground of the top management of 8 top IT Indian companies and at newspaper coverage.It resulted that RNRIs come back mainly to be closer to their families and because of a combinationof economic decline in the West and booming economy in India, thus leading to a better lifestyle.Moreover, we found indication of the contribution presented to Firms’ by knowledge and skills andgained interesting insights on the future trends of the Diaspora.However, our findings cannot be considered as conclusive, due to the small size of the sample wehad access to. The research topic needs further research.
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Andrade, Álisson Maxwell Ferreira de. "Os efeitos da expansão internacional sobre o desempenho de empresas multinacionais (EMNs) de economias em desenvolvimento: Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul (BRICS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-21062012-172212/.
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A relação entre o Grau de Internacionalização (GI) e o desempenho das empresas multinacionais (EMNs) tem sido amplamente estudada na literatura de negócios internacionais. Entretanto, a maior parte dos estudos é realizada com empresas dos países desenvolvidos. De modo a contribuir com o desenvolvimento da teoria de internacionalização-desempenho, o presente estudo analisou essa relação no universo das EMNs de economias em desenvolvimento: Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul (BRICS). O principal objetivo do trabalho foi analisar se a estratégia de expansão internacional dessas EMNs está sendo traduzida em forma de eficiência e eficácia na gestão do negócio da empresa. O modelo hipotético do trabalho considera duas variáveis moderadoras da relação internacionalizaçãodesempenho: (1) Folga Organizacional (FO); e (2) Intensidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D). A amostra do estudo corresponde a 219 EMNs dos países integrantes dos BRICS, sendo que as informações levantadas referem-se a um período de 9 anos (2002-2010), totalizando 834 pares de observações para cada variável presente no modelo. Os dados foram obtidos junto a duas fontes: (1) Compustat Data; e (2) Thomson One. Após análises de regressão múltipla, utilizando o método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), verificou-se uma relação não linear quadrática em forma de \"U\" entre o grau de internacionalização e o desempenho das EMNs dos países integrantes dos BRICS. Adicionalmente, os resultados mostram um positivo e significante efeito moderador da FO sobre a relação internacionalização-desempenho, entretanto, o mesmo não se verificou para a IP&D. Duas importantes implicações deste estudo para os gestores de negócios internacionais nas regiões dos BRICS é que: (1) os benefícios da expansão internacional não surgem de uma hora pra outra, mas exigem paciência para serem alcançados; (2) os gestores devem enxergar a FO como uma ferramenta estratégica de atuação no contexto internacional. Com base nos resultados encontrados, implicações e indicações para futuras pesquisas são fornecidas.The relationship between the degree of internationalization and performance of multinational companies (MNCs) has been widely studied in the literature of international business. However, most studies are conducted with companies from developed countries. In order to contribute to the development of the theory of internationalization-performance, this study examined this relationship in the universe of MNCs in developing economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). The main objective of this study was to analyze the strategy of international expansion of these MNCs is being translated in the form of efficiency and effectiveness in managing the company\'s business. The hypothetical model of the work considers two moderating variables of internationalization-performance relationship: (1) Organizational Slack (OS); and (2) Research and Development Intensity (R&DI). Sample corresponds 219 MNCs from BRICS countries, and collected data refers to 2002-2010 period, totaling 834 pairs of observations for each variable in the model. Data were obtained from two sources: (1) Compustat Data; and (2) Thomson One. Multiple regression analysis, using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, showed a U-Shaped curvilinear relationship between the degree of internationalization and performance in MNCs from BRICS countries. Additionally, results show a positive and significant moderating effect of FO on internationalization-performance relationship, however, the same was not true for R&DI. Two important implications of this study for managers of international business in the regions of the BRICS is that: (1) the benefits from international expansion require patience to achieve; and (2) managers must see FO as strategic tool for performance in an international context. Based on the findings, implications and directions for future research are provided.
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Kang, Bum-Kyu. "New conceptual framework of cross-functional collaboration for new product design development in global consumer electronics firms." Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5202.
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I here have been very few studies carried out on enhancing CFC (Cross-functional Collaboration) for the product design development. nevertheless there is a clear consensus among researchers that this issue is a critical one in ne product design development. Besides, almost all of the research work, which attempted to encourage CFC in NPD situations, was carried out focused on the cross-functional team which is the most effective organisation type to encourage collaboration between other functional groups, rather than the functional organisation, which is difficult organisation to facilitate collaboration between other functional groups. On the other hand, there is still no clear evidence which proves that CFC improves the performance of' design development. Nevertheless, this proof is essential premise to support the value of producing the information to improve CFC for product design development. This research attempts to fill in this gap in the deficiency of research. This longitudinal research has been conducted with complementary research methods: a qualitative research and a quantitative research in the field. As the main body of this research, 15 key -decision makers for new product design development were interviewed and 243 questionnaires from eight leading consumer electronics companies in three countries (Korea, Japan. UK) were analysed. In conclusion, firstly, this research has proved there is a plus correlation between the level of CFC and several dimensions of the design development performance of consumer electronics products. Furthermore, a new framework model is developed and proposed after compressing and combining all vital findings of this research work. This developed model presents three major findings of this research. Firstly, the factors affecting CF C for design development of consumer electronics products, secondly, the priority of importance of these factors, and finally, factors directly contributing to design development performance in several dimensions. Overall, the findings of this research help to people what are valuable factors for building CFC climate and what are prior factor in a quandary concerning, where to concentrate their efforts so as to successfully implement their (TV to improve their design development performance. In particular, the findings of this research could further help designers and design managers who lack the experience and knowledge of collaboration situations in the rigid functional organisational boundaries, which many consumer electronics companies face.
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Sipe, Joel Edwards. "Development of an instrumented dynamic mannequin test to rate the protection provided by protective clothing." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0503104-154856.
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KIM, KYUNGSURK. "Tecnological Innovation in Korean Manufacturing Firms: Determinants and Effects." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1492.
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Sin dalla fine degli anni 90 la Corea ha iniziato a basare la propria strategia di sviluppo economico sull’importanza delgli investimenti in R&D e oggi il paese puo’ essere considerato tra i paesi OCSE con i maggiori tassi di investimento. Tale risultato e’ stato raggiunto principalmente attraverso una forte specializzazione nei settori ad alta intensita’ di tali investimenti. Ciononostante sono recentemente emersi alcuni problemi cruciali legati alle politiche per R&D. Tra gli altri la disoccupazione giovanile legata all’effetto labour-saving delle innovazioni, la forte specializzazione in industrie ad alta tecnologia, e l’eccessiva importanza attribuita alla ricerca. Le tre questioni vengono analizzate in questo lavoro utilizzando dati a livello di impresa. Il primo contributo tratta degli effetti di R&D sull’occupazione. Le evidenze suggeriscono che tale effetto e’ inesistente nelle imprese Coreane. Il secondo conributo prende in esame la produttivita’ degli investimenti in ricerca. I risultati mostrano che tali investimenti hanno effetti non solo sulle imprese ad alta tecnologia ma anche in altri settori. Nel terzo contributo si studia il comportamento innovativo delle imprese prestando attenzione alle imprese giovani. Per queste imprese, infatti, le evidenze mostrano che investimenti in ricerca fatti internamente non sono cosi’ importanti per la produzione di innovazione.Since 1990s Korea has started to ground the strategy for economic growth upon the role of R&D and nowadays the country shall be considered among top R&D investors in the OECD countries. This result has been achieved mainly through strong specialization in R&D-intensive industries. Nonetheless some critical issues related to R&D policy have recently emerged; Among others the problem of youth unemployment related to the labour-saving effect of innovation, the excessive specialization in high-tech industries and the magnified importance attributed to R&D. The three issues are accordingly investigated in this work by using data at the firm level. The first contribution concerns the effect of R&D investments on employment. The aim of the work is to test for the existence of a labour-saving effect of R&D investments. The evidence suggests that such an effect does not characterize Korean firms. Second contribution examines the productivity of knowledge capital. The results indicate that R&D affects firms’ productivity not only in high-tech industries but also in other sectors. In the third contribution the innovative behavior of firms is studied paying attention to young firms. In these, in fact, the evidence reveals that internal R&D is not as important for the production of innovation.
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Rosique, Francisco. "The determinants of corporate growth." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/918.
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Corporate Growth is a concept that has been widely treated in a specific way or as part of strategy theories, in definition and in econometric models and has also been studied in many different aspects and approaches. The author describes in depth the main variables affecting corporate growth and the underlying business processes. This empirical research has focused on Sales, Profit-Cash Flow, Risk, Created Shareholder Value, Market Value and Overall Performance econometric models. These panel data models are based on the 500 Companies of the Standard & Poor’s 500. The methodology used has been very strict in identifying exogenous variables, walking through the different alternative econometric models, discussing results, and, in the end, describing the practical implications in today’s business corporate management. We basically assume that the Functions/Departments act independently in the same company, many times with different objectives, and in this situation clear processes are key to clarify the situations, roles and responsibilities. We also assume that growth implies interactions among the different functions in a company and the CEO acts to lead and coach his immediate Directors as a referee of the key conflicts through his Operating Mechanism. The objective of this PhD Dissertation is to clarify the business priorities and identify the most relevant variables in every process leading to the highest efficiency in reaching a sustainable and profitable growth. It covers the lack of academic studies on the nature and specific driving factors of corporate growth and provides a working framework for Entrepreneurs and Management leading to the Company’s success.
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Jangard, John. "Enhancing the learning of cinema: The development of a gamified prototype using design science." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20790.
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The ways film can be studied are many. The academic area of film science is very fragmented due to a lack of unity in its consensus and the overarching understanding of what its field entails. This situation warrants the evaluation of alternative pathways and tools for students to better understand the field of film science. The usage of gamification, an alternative approach to academic study, was chosen for this work due to its growing in interest, potential and usage. The method used to determine the validity of this concept was based on principles and methodology found in design science. The produced prototype showcased the concept of a gamified platform for film students to use in their studies. The study performed was an interactive lesson and test of the prototype where twelve participants used and experienced its intended purpose, with additional data collected using qualitative interviews and a questionnaire. The results of this work found that gamified interfaces can aid students but cannot be the sole source for an academic course or program. Partial aspects were found to be effective, but more research is necessary to fully see the effects of its implementation.
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McGee, Todd M. "Feasibility study of the Department of the Navy investing research and development funds in venture capital firms as a means to identify technology." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1830.
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New and ever-changing threats are facing our nation today. The ability of the Navy to develop, identify, and transfer technology to the hands of Sailors and Marines is more crucial now than ever before. Like other government agencies, the Navy is facing an increasing number of budget restraints. This is causing the Navy to look for new ways to leverage and transfer technology from the commercial sector into existing and developing systems. This thesis looks at the venture capital community as a possible source of innovation and technology for the Navy. The venture capital community has proven to be efficient at discovering technology that has strong potential to succeed in commercial markets. This thesis looks at the feasibility of the Navy leveraging commercial sector investments to find dual-use technologies that have application in the Navy. By evaluating current government â ventureâ initiatives and matching them against the Navyâ s goals for venture capital, this research shows that the Navy could benefit by engaging the venture community. Based on the research, this thesis provides recommendations on how to engage the venture capital community and proposes the structure and organization for a Navy venture initiative.
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Qu, Yi. "The investigation of innovation and performance of Chinese manufacturing firms : the role of foreign direct investment, formal institutions and research and development strategies." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6249/.
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By employing an institution-based view, this thesis proposes that the innovation of indigenous firms is directly influenced by FDI and formal institutions and the latter also moderate the effects of the former. I use the World Bank Enterprise Survey 2003(WBES2003). The following findings are obtained: 1) FDI generates negative spillover effects on patents; 2) formal institutions positively affect innovation of firms; 3) formal institutions positively moderate the negative FDI innovation effects. This thesis also looks at the role of formal institutions at regional level. It proposes that regional formal institutions and FDI affect the innovation of Chinese firms and also affect regional innovation. I use the WBES2012, China Statistical Yearbook and the NERI Index of Marketization of China. The following findings are obtained: 1) FDI generates no spillover effects on innovation; 2) regional formal institutions promote innovation of Chinese firms, while the study fails to discover such an impact from legal institutions; 3) regional formal institutions promote regional innovation. In addition, this thesis also looks at the role of national innovation system (NIS) and a firm’s R&D strategy in firm performance. It proposes that the performance of indigenous firms is directly affected by R&D strategy, NIS and FDI. Moreover, R&D strategy and NIS can also moderate FDI spillover effects. I use the WBES2003.The findings suggest the following: 1) firm performance is positively linked to the level of originality in a firm’s R&D strategy; 2) NIS promotes firm performance; 3) FDI generates positive spillover effects on total sales; 4) FDI spillover effects are positively moderated by a firm’s R&D strategy and NIS.
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Hakkala, Katariina. "Essays on restructuring and production decisions in multi-plant firms." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-555.
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This thesis consists of four self-contained essays. The common theme of the essays is the behavior of multi-plant firms. An underlying idea in all four of them is that firms possess intangible assets such as management skills and organizational expertise, technological knowledge, marketing know-how and better access to finance capital or natural resources. These assets are typically specific to the respective firm. Due to market imperfections and failures, firms tend to internalize the advantages of firm-specific assets and exploit them themselves rather than sell or lease them to other firms. For instance, intangible assets are often joint inputs in the sense that knowledge developed by one unit can be transferred to another unit within the same firm at a low cost and without diminishing the amount of knowledge available to the first unit. Furthermore, the assets are typically only partly appropriable by their owner, and the market transactions of the assets are hampered due to information asymmetries between a potential buyer and seller. The literature on multinational firms emphasizes the role of intangible firm-specific assets in creating ownership advantages that, together with location and internalization advantages, explain the pattern of foreign direct investments. The essays in this thesis are based on the view that the ownership advantages created by firm-specific assets are the "raison d'etre" of large multi-plant firms. The existence of such assets is assumed to create multi-plant economies of scale and give incentives to make better use of capacity or overheads to gain advantage in size, economies of interdependent activities, integration and/or diversification. Rather than studying the international aspects of firms with intangible assets, the first three essays empirically explore different aspects of multi-plant firm behavior in domestic markets. This analysis has been made possible by the access to unique plant-level data on the thirty largest multinational manufacturing corporations in Sweden. The sample corporations play an important role in the Swedish economy. For instance, the thirty corporations account for about 70 percent of aggregate industrial R&D in 1999. This should be compared with their share of total manufacturing employment, which was about 30 percent during the period of study. The first essay examines the sources of productivity growth within multi-plant firms and particularly emphasizes the role of external restructuring and ownership changes in explaining why multi-plant firms may sustain higher productivity growth as compared to single-plant firms. The second and the third essay explore the idea that large multi-plant corporations exploit their ownership advantages when acquiring partial- and full-firm assets. The second essay analyzes whether technological intangible assets may explain transfers of productive capacity from acquiring corporations to their target. The third essay explores the idea that multi-plant corporations search for targets matching their firm-specific organizational capabilities when acquiring corporate assets. Uncertainty about the matching outcome explains why some acquisitions end in divestitures. However, the likelihood of a "good" match is expected to increase in the buyer's organizational capabilities. The fourth essay, coauthored with Karolina Ekholm, extends the analysis to encompass the international aspects of multinational firms. In this essay, we develop a theoretical model analyzing the localization decisions of multi-plant firms beyond the national borders. More specifically, we develop a two-country model where firms can choose to separate their innovative activities generating an intangible asset from the production of the final good. In our model, there are two agglomeration forces: knowledge spillovers associated with R&D and backward and forward linkages associated with high-tech production. We analyze how the interplay of these forces affects the localization decisions of the firms.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2003
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Galope, Reynold V. "Public Financing of Risky Early-Stage Technology." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/46.
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This dissertation examines the role of public investments in inducing small firms to develop risky, early-stage technologies. It contributes to expanding our understanding of the consequences of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship policies and programs by investigating in more depth the effect of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program on the innovation effort, ability to attract external capital, and other metrics of post-entry performance of small business start-ups using a new sample and estimation approach. This study integrated the Kauffman Firm Survey from the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation with the SBIR recipient dataset from the U.S. Small Business Administration and used advances in the micro-econometrics of program evaluation to empirically construct the counterfactual outcomes of SBIR recipients. We found empirical evidence of the input additionality effect of the SBIR program. The treatment effects analyses also found a significant positive effect of SBIR on innovation propensity and employment. However, it appears that public co-financing of commercial R&D has crowded-out privately financed R&D of small business start-ups in the United States. A dollar of SBIR subsidy decreased firm-financed R&D by about $0.16. Contrary to prior SBIR studies, we did not find any significant “halo effect” or “certification effect” of receiving an SBIR award on attracting external capital. What we discovered is a different certification effect of the SBIR program: SBIR grantees are more likely to attract external patents. This finding confirms that innovation requires a portfolio of internal and external knowledge assets as theorized by David Teece and his colleagues.
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Wang, Chi-Feng, and 王起鳳. "The Relation Between Research & Development Expense and Corporate Performance：Consider Firm Size." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52236074721800050262.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
商務經營研究所
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The study focuses on the relation between corporate performance and research & development（R&D）expenses. The samples used are listed electronic companies in Taiwan from 2000 to 2004. The panel data, the fixed effect and the random effect model in regression analysis are used. Furthermore, in order to remove the price fluctuation on the effect, all the proxy is real balance. The major findings of this study are as follows. The R&D expense is significantly negative to firm performance, so is the intensity of research & development（RDI）. The firm size is significantly positive to firm performance. As to the effect of time lag, the RDI of previous year is significantly positive to firm performance, and the positive effect of time lag is larger than the negative effect of current time. The result of this study shows that the effect of R&D expense with the quality of time lag is beneficial to firm performance.
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Pin-YuYeh and 葉品瑜. "The Impact of Cross-listing on Firm Performance of Research ＆ Development Expense." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74702392037423404456.
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