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Journal articles on the topic 'Research and development firm'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Von Eije, J. H. (Henk), Matthijs Suurmeijer, and Peter Smid. "Research and Development and Firm Risk." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 9, no. 3 (October 7, 2015): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.9.3.2015.7-26.

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J. H. (Henk) von Eije - University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business. E-mail: j.h.von.eije@rug.nl Matthijs Suurmeijer - University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business. Email: matthijs.suurmeijer@gmail.com Peter Smid - Dr, University of Groningen, Faculty of Economics and Business. E-mail: p.p.m.smid@eco.rug.nl Spending on R&D has grown faster than other investments. This may result in higher return and higher risk. We focus on the latter and examine how research and development (R&D) affects the risks of US firms. We analyze the impact on the firm’s beta, its systematic and idiosyncratic risk, and the combination of the latter two (total risk). Because investors prefer upside to downside risk, we also analyze whether downside risk is also influenced by R&D. We use panel and quantile regressions and control for dividend payouts, growth, leverage, asset liquidity, firm size, earnings variability, firm age and industry competition. We then show that the impact is positive and highly significant for beta, systematic risk and total risk. The impact on systematic risk contrasts to the finding by McAlister et al. (2007) who find that R&D insulates firms from market downturns and thereby lowers systematic risk. The increases in risks are, moreover, stronger at higher relative levels of R&D spending. Unfortunately for investors, downside risk is also increasing with relative R&D spending. The results may make it also more difficult for managers to defend R&D investments. R&D may indeed generate future returns, but also adds to the next year’s risk. The impact on systematic risk contrasts to the finding by McAlister et al. [2007] that R&D insulates firms from market downturns and thereby lowers systematic risk. While the magnitudes of the effects are small, the impact is relevant when compared with other accounting variables included in the model, especially for beta and systematic risk. Apart from this, there are strong indications that the hypothesized relationis non-linear.
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2

Ghaffar, Aimen, and Waseem Ahmed Khan. "Impact of Research and Development on Firm Performance." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 4, no. 1 (May 7, 2014): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v4i1.6087.

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This study has been conducted to see the impact of research and development budget on the performance of the firms. Research and development is an increasingly important concept in order to have success in this era. The paper finds out the relationship between research and development and firm performance. Firm performance is measured through the ratios of return on assets, return on equity and the earnings per share of the firms. The data analyzed by using SPSS. Results confirmed the positive correlation between the dependent and the independent variables. Limitations of the study were shortage of time and studying of a single sector. In future, different other sectors can be studied to see the impact of research and development on their performance.
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Trivellas, Panagiotis. "Investigating the Impact of Research and Development Strategy on Firm Performance." Key Engineering Materials 495 (November 2011): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.495.306.

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This paper examines the influence of Research and Development (R&D) strategy on firm performance controlling for external environment. In this turbulent era, several firms build their competitive advantage on their innovation competence investing on R&D. Drawing upon a sample of 248 firms located in Greece, a structured questionnaire was developed to measure R&D strategy, external environment (dynamism, complexity, munificence, technological) and firm performance (financial, market, innovation, growth and organizational). The importance of R&D strategy in explaining the variance of all performance dimensions is confirmed with innovation performance playing a dominant role. Results indicate that R&D strategy is the most crucial antecedent of firm performance, controlling for business environment. Among environmental dimensions, only dynamism exerts statistical significant relationships. Regarding organizational size, larger firms possess a competitive advantage in the market, enjoying dominant market shares, while smaller firms exhibit supremacy regarding their innovative behavior.
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ARBAUGH, J. B., and DONALD L. SEXTON. "NEW FIRM GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: A REPLICATION AND EXTENSION OF REYNOLDS’ RESEARCH." Journal of Enterprising Culture 04, no. 01 (March 1996): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495896000034.

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A study of 323 new ventures in Ohio supports Reynolds’ findings of an earlier study in Pennsylvania, namely: firms tend to follow one of four different growth patterns, only one of which includes significant growth; most firms do not experience growth beyond their first year’s sales; and there are no significant correlations between age of the firm and annual sales. The results support a new model of firm growth which empirically invalidates the metamorphic growth model. The study concludes by identifying significant differences in operational and strategic emphases between the development patterns.
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Rosen, Richard J. "Research and Development with Asymmetric Firm Sizes." RAND Journal of Economics 22, no. 3 (1991): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2601056.

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6

Zhong, Shunbin, Leiju Qiu, and Baowen Sun. "Internet and firm development." International Journal of Crowd Science 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-11-2019-0032.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide a survey of existing literature on the economic impacts of the internet on firm development, and outlines an overall framework of the existing studies. The purpose is to show how the internet affects firm development, which may help policymakers and other researchers to have a better knowledge of existing research characteristics, problems and future directions. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the studies on the economic impacts of the internet on firm characteristics and external environment, identify the characteristics of the existing literature and problems and discuss the directions of possible future research. Findings The authors find that the impacts of the internet on firm development mainly display two relevant mechanisms (firm characteristics and external environment), and they can be grouped into six channels (firm innovation, firm business mode, firm performance, firm productivity, firm import and export trade and firm location selection). Originality/value This study builds up a framework of how the internet impacts on firm development, which can add value to the future research of firm intelligent transaction modes in the crowd intelligence network.
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7

Wahono, Ellen Monata, and Shinta Permata Sari. "INTENSITAS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, GOODWILL, INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DAN PERFORMA FINANSIAL SEBAGAI PENENTU NILAI PERUSAHAAN." Duconomics Sci-meet (Education & Economics Science Meet) 1 (July 27, 2021): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/duconomics.v1.5456.

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The increasingly fierce competition that occurs between companies in the current era of globalization is forcing the company to improve its strategies. Therefore, the main purpose of establishing a company is to increase the value of the firm. To achieve that purpose,managers have to understand the factors that can increase the value of the firms and also fulfillthe interests of stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the effect of Research and Development Intensity (RnD), Goodwill (GDW), Intellectual Capital (IC), and Financial Performance (PF) on Firm Value. The research data is obtained from the annual reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019 with a total sample of 60 after meeting certain criteria. The data is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.The results show that goodwill, intellectual capital, and financial performance have an effect on firm value. Meanwhile, the intensity of research and development has no effect on firm value The increasingly fierce competition that occurs between companies in the current era of globalization is forcing the company to improve its strategies. Therefore, the main purpose of establishing a company is to increase the value of the firm. To achieve that purpose,managers have to understand the factors that can increase the value of the firms and also fulfillthe interests of stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the effect of Research and Development Intensity (RnD), Goodwill (GDW), Intellectual Capital (IC), and Financial Performance (PF) on Firm Value. The research data is obtained from the annual reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019 with a total sample of 60 after meeting certain criteria. The data is analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.The results show that goodwill, intellectual capital, and financial performance have an effect on firm value. Meanwhile, the intensity of research and development has no effect on firm value
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8

Ghosh, Maitri, and Saikat Sinha Roy. "Foreign Direct Investment, Firm Heterogeneity, and Exports: An Analysis of Indian Manufacturing." Asian Development Review 35, no. 1 (March 2018): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00104.

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Using firm-level data, this paper investigates whether foreign direct investment and the presence of multinational enterprises explains India's improved export performance during the postreform period. The recent literature stresses that firm heterogeneity gives some firms an edge over others to self-select into export markets. Apart from ownership, this paper considers firm heterogeneity and other firm-specific factors of export performance. Estimation results show that the impact of foreign ownership on export performance does not significantly differ from that of domestic firms across sectors in Indian manufacturing. Rather, firms build their international competitiveness by importing raw materials and foreign technical know-how, and by investing in research and development. Further, firm heterogeneity, measured in terms of sunk costs, significantly impacts firm-level export intensity. The study also reveals that there are ownership-specific factors that determine firm-level exports.
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Brahmana, Rayenda Khresna, Ritzky Karina Brahmana, and Theresa Char Fei Ho. "Training and Development Policy, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 20, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.12995.

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This research investigates the role of corporate governance as a moderator between firms’ performance and their Training and Development Policy (TDP). Research data were taken from the US, Brazil, Russia, India, China and Indonesia from 2007 to 2013. This research found that the TDP is important for enhancing firm performance. Also, the role of the training and development policy impacted each firm’s performance differently, according to the level of corporate governance of that firm. The moderating effect of corporate governance reveals that better governance of a firm may have an influence on its TDP policy, which would lead to better firm performance. Overall, the results are consistent with the conjecture that corporate governance influences the firm’s performance and training and development policy, suggesting that the training and development policy’s success depends on the corporate governance level of the firm. Hence, this research contributes to two big theories: the knowledge transfer theory and the human capital theory, where the research findings show a confirmation of the two theories application in this research context.
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Banerjee, Preeta M., and Benjamin A. Campbell. "Inventor bricolage and firm technology research and development." R&D Management 39, no. 5 (November 2009): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00572.x.

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11

Murphy, Gregory B., and Robert Hill. "The impact of screening criteria on entrepreneurship research." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-11-01-2008-b002.

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Entrepreneurship researchers use various types of screening criteria to select samples for study. In that selecting these criteria is, in effect, choosing a definition or model of entrepreneurship, the consequences are immense and have had a direct impact on the generalizability of research and theory development in our field. The purpose of this study is to help entrepreneurship researchers better understand these consequences and, thereby, improve our understanding of entrepreneurial phenomenon. Four of the most commonly used screening criteria are included in this study: firm age, firm size, firm growth, and innovation. Based on a sample of 368 manufacturing firms, the results indicate that few firms fit all or even most of the considered screening criteria and independent-dependent variable relationships vary considerably by screening criteria selection.
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Samudhram, Ananda Rao, and Vglingam Sivalingam. "Creating competitive advantage through research and development: An empirical investigation of the determinants of research and development reported on annual financial statements." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 4 (2009): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i4c4p5.

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This study examines the determinants of reported R&D expenditure (where R&D expenditure proxies for R&D activities) in listed Malaysian firms, to gain insights into factors that promote R&D in Malaysian firms. It examines thecharacteristics of listed firms that undertake R&D in Malaysia and offers policy recommendations for promoting firm level R&D in Malaysia and other developing nations that suffer from similar low levels of R&D. Successful promotion of research and development in private firms can lead to the creation of intangible assets that can boost the growth of local companies and help to establish a competitive edge for the local economy. This competitive edge will enable local firms to successfully match the growing top-notch, international level competition resulting from increasing globalisation, and do well in the global arena
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13

Martin, Kelly D., Brett W. Josephson, Gautham G. Vadakkepatt, and Jean L. Johnson. "Political Management, Research and Development, and Advertising Capital in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Good Prognosis?" Journal of Marketing 82, no. 3 (May 2018): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0297.

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Regulatory oversight that affects the firm's product-market environment continues to increase. Political management capital (PMC) describes firm expenditure committed to address the political and regulatory context. Neoinstitutional theory casts PMC as an institutionally expected normative response investors use when evaluating firm performance. Although limited evidence has suggested that firms benefit from PMC, the authors demonstrate its effects across financial outcomes including firm value, systematic risk, and idiosyncratic risk. Likewise, they examine how PMC interacts with a firm's product market through research-and-development (R&D) capital and advertising capital. Regression analysis of an unbalanced data set of 212 firms in the pharmaceutical and medical device industry, tracked from 2003 to 2014, reveals that while PMC improves investor expectations through firm value and systematic risk, it increases idiosyncratic risk. The authors find that PMC plays both substitutive and complementary roles with R&D such that increasing levels of both PMC and R&D weakens main effects. Political management capital has limited, but substitutive, effects with advertising likely because there is less regulatory oversight on advertising versus R&D in this industry. The authors explore these asymmetric effects, provide implications for neoinstitutional theory, and offer managerial insights.
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14

Beck, Susanne. "Brand management research in family firms." Journal of Family Business Management 6, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-02-2016-0002.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relevance of conducting brand management research in a family firm context and to identify future research directions by reviewing and structuring the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach The potential consequences of being a family firm on internal organizational processes and stakeholders’ external perception are depicted. Afterwards the literature considering brand management research in family firms is reviewed systematically (n=41) and structured by applying the Organizational Viewpoint Framework. Relevant research questions are derived based on the findings and their practical relevance is tested. Findings The contributions are threefold. First, depicting the effects of being a family firm on the organization and its stakeholders highlights the relevance of conducting brand management research in family firms. Second, structuring the literature regarding the effects of being a family firm on organizational identity, intended brand image, construed brand image, and reputation helps derive research questions of theoretical and practical relevance that will serve the field as a guide for future research directions. Third, by extending the Organizational Viewpoint Framework originating from brand management research with the element of being a family firm, a further attempt at bridging both research fields is undertaken. Originality/value This paper represents an important next step in the development of this research field by highlighting the importance of conducting brand management research in a family firm context and by structuring existent research to depict future research opportunities with theoretical and practical relevance.
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Jia, Xiao Liang, Jun Hao Geng, and Li Jiang Huang. "Research on PLM-Oriented Collaboration Digital Process Planning Technology." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.694.

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In order to solve problems of long product development cycle, low collaborative work efficiency in complex product manufacturing firm, the approach of PLM-oriented collaboration digital process planning is put forward. The state of arts on PLM-oriented collaboration process planning and business requirements in complex product manufacturing firms are analyzed. The advantages and needs of PLM-oriented collaboration process planning workflow in complex product manufacturing firm are described in detail. Technology architecture on PLM-oriented collaboration digital process planning is founded also. Based on the development of a PLM-oriented collaboration digital process planning system (PLM-CDPP) in an aircraft manufacturing firm, the architecture of PLM-CDPP system based on the integration of CAPPFramework and Windchill is founded. Key technologies of PLM-oriented collaboration digital process planning system framework, business pattern, workflow and integrated model are discussed in detail. PLM-CDPP system has been applied in an aircraft manufacturing firm and good effect has been shown in practical engineering application.
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Sukharev, Oleg S., and Rifat I. Khabibullin. "Perspective for the Development of the Theory of the Intellectual Firm." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2021-2(93)-7-26.

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The purpose of the study is to form ideas about the intellectual firm within the framework of the system-integration theory of the firm, created by the Russian economic school, as well as to identify the differences between this type of firm and the classical firm. The need for such a formulation of the problem is associated with the expansion of the use of intelligence as a factor and product of firms' activities, the development of the “knowledge economy”. The research methodology is the theory of the firm in various versions, methods of taxonomy, comparative and structural analysis, modeling of economic relations. The application of these approaches made it possible to designate an intellectual firm, highlighting its characteristics that distinguish it from a classical firm. A structural analysis of the firm's intelligence is also carried out, presented in the form of three relevant components – ​accumulated, newly created intelligence and the use of intelligence as a separate intellectual activity. The result of the research is the main imperatives of the theory of an intellectual firm, the obtained analytical condition for generating the intelligence of a firm with an increase in its welfare, as well as the formulated principles of managing an intellectual firm. The highlighted characteristics of an intellectual firm demonstrate its cardinal difference from a classical firm, which cannot but be reflected in further theoretical studies. Proceeding from this position, the tasks of prospective studies of the functioning and development, as well as the influence on various spheres of the economy of the intellectual firm, are formulated. Examples of intellectual firms in Russia and abroad are given, highlighting the characteristic properties of their functioning, associated with self-management, participatory features of functioning, depending on the intellectual capabilities of employees.
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Yuan, Xina, Sang Yong Kim, Tae Ho Song, and Jin Won Lee. "Business Relationship Strategy for Foreign-Invested Enterprises in China: The Moderating Role of Competitive Structure and Entry Type." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 5 (June 29, 2017): 703–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909617714276.

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Although the role of Guanxi in China as a form of relationship marketing (RM) has received increasing attention in recent years, few empirical studies have indicated that Guanxi has more impact on performance than RM in the Chinese market. Foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) may have some difficulty in fully practicing RM in China without considering the influence of Guanxi. In this regard, this study is guided by the following research question: “In China, which factors influence the differences in the impacts created by RM and Guanxi?” In this study, we first provide an overview of previous research on Guanxi, focusing on the fundamental differences between Guanxi and RM. We then provide an empirical analysis of the differential effects of Guanxi and RM on firm performance by investigating 297 FIEs in China. The results suggest that Guanxi and RM are not trade-off options in today’s Chinese market. Guanxi and RM have synergetic effects on firm performance, that is, they have differential effects based on the mode of market entry and the competitive structure. Guanxi is more likely to influence firm performance for collaboration-based entry firms rather than entry without collaboration firms, whereas RM is more likely to influence firm performance when FIEs’ main competitors are foreign firms than when they are local firms.
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KLOFSTEN, MAGNUS. "TECHNOLOGY-BASED FIRMS: CRITICAL ASPECTS OF THEIR EARLY DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Enterprising Culture 02, no. 01 (March 1994): 535–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495894000148.

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The founding and early development of a firm are crucial events. Despite this fact, most research is aimed at problems existing in firms that are established and have passed the early development. Consequently, knowledge of the early development process in a business firm is limited, particularly where technology-based firms are concerned. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the early development processes of technology-based firms. The research questions are: What aspects are important in the early development of a technology-based firm? Are some of these aspects more difficult to develop than others and, if so, why? A case study approach is used. Three technology-based firms have over a period of five years been studied in detail, using interviews and sources such as minutes of board meetings, business and market plans and other documents. From a review of the literature, eight essential aspects (business idea, product, market, organization, expertise, prime mover, customer relations and other corporate relations) of the early development have been chosen. The results show that the degree of difficulty to develop the aspects vary. A particularly difficult aspect is to define the market.
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Grant, Kevin, Roman Matousek, Martin Meyer, and Nickolaos G. Tzeremes. "A research note on multinationality and firm performance." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 1408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-04-2015-0229.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a fresh insight into the examination of the comparison between multinationality and firm performance, measured through technical efficiency levels by overcoming methodological constraints and misunderstandings presented in earlier research. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate firms’ efficiency levels in a production function-type framework through technical efficiency levels using nonparametric data envelopment analysis. The authors include firms from both developed and developing economies, from different national origins and with different sectoral characteristics, with a particular focus on knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and capital-intensive business services (CIBS). Findings The study confirms for the case of KIBS the existence of the three-stage sigmoid (S-shaped) hypothesis between multinationality and firm performance measured through technical efficiency levels. Finally, the empirical findings reveal that CIBS exhibit only the first two stages, thus forming a “U”-shape relationship. Originality/value The authors propose the application of different firms’ performance measurements, providing us with the ability to unpack a firms’ managerial decision processes with regards to determining the optimised investment(s) in technology and research and development and with a particular focus on KIBS and CIBS.
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Mellett, Sinead, Felicity Kelliher, and Denis Harrington. "Network-facilitated green innovation capability development in micro-firms." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 6 (November 19, 2018): 1004–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-11-2017-0363.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate key criteria underpinning network-facilitated green innovation capability development in micro-firms. Design/methodology/approach Micro-firms, those firms with less than ten full-time employees, need to continuously innovate in order to sustain their business in the emerging green economy. This study uses an interpretive multiple case approach to explore micro-firm owner-manager (O/M) green innovation activities, encompassing O/M views on facilitated network engagement in Ireland and Canada over a 12-month period. Findings The findings show that proactive implementation of green innovation is influenced by the O/M’s natural environment orientation and the potential for economic gain, while facilitated networks provide an additional resource that the O/M can draw from that allows the O/M to test new ideas, comprehend new and existing legislation and identify potential supports in pursuit of green innovation capability development within the micro-firm. Research limitations/implications This study offers a contribution to knowledge in the areas of green innovation, micro-firm capabilities and facilitated network engagement. However, the sample size is small and distance was a challenge, yet data and case protocols are in place which allow for replication of the study. As the research is embedded in the resource and capability theories, alternative theoretical frameworks may shed a different light on the research question. Originality/value Prior studies have found that facilitated networks have a positive impact on micro-firm sustainability as these networks enhance the firm’s constrained resource base. The proposed framework can be used as a guideline for support organisations including facilitated networks in assisting micro-firms in reaching their green innovation goals and objectives. It can also be used by micro-firms in the attainment of the green innovation capability.
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Yousaf, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Kashif Khurshid, Aftab Ahmed, and Muhammad Zulfiqar. "Empirical investigation of relationship between research and development intensity and firm performance: The role of ownership structure and board structure." International Journal of Financial Engineering 06, no. 02 (June 2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786319500166.

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Research and development is an emerging competitive advantage to gain maximum market share. This study is conducted to empirically investigate the relationship between research and development intensity and firm performance in selected non-financial firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Moreover, the role of ownership structure and board structure have been evaluated between predictor and outcome variable. For this purpose, 27 non-financial firms listed on PSX have been selected for the period of eight years from 2009 to 2016 and unbalanced panel data was obtained. Research and development intensity has been used as an independent variable. ROA, ROE, and TQ are used as measures of financial performance, i.e., dependent variable. Ownership concentration, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership are used as the proxies for ownership structure. Board size, board independence, and board meeting frequency are used as the proxies for board structure. Moreover, firm size, firm age and leverage have also been used as a control variables in data analysis. Based on data analyses, it is concluded that research and development intensity has a positive and significant relationship with all three proxies of firm performance, i.e., ROA, ROE and Tobin’s Q. Afterward, the researchers have investigated the moderating role of ownership structure and board structure between research and development intensity and three proxies of firm performance. It is also concluded that in general ownership structure as well as board structure are negatively moderating the relationship between research and development intensity and firm performance which raises a question mark on the effectiveness of corporate governance mechanism in terms of R&D performance.
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Liu, Fan. "Research on the Impact of Supply Chain Integration Span on Firm Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4778–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4778.

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As the core connotation of supply chain management, supply chain integration is the highest level of supply chain management development. This paper aims to explore the relationship between supply chain integration and building inter-firm linkages, and firm performance as well. Through building a theoretical model among them, and put forward the corresponding hypotheses and sub-hypotheses. We based on firms in Wuhan as the study samples to collect data and conduct the empirical analysis. The result of econometric analysis shows that span of integration is positively related to commitment to building inter-firm linkages and firm performance. Finally, propose ​​management recommendations and inspiration for firm’s supply chain integration and management practices.
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Khurana, Inder K., Xiumin Martin, and Raynolde Pereira. "Financial Development and the Cash Flow Sensitivity of Cash." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 41, no. 4 (December 2006): 787–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000002647.

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AbstractPrior research posits that market imperfections and the lack of institutions that protect investor interests create a divergence between the cost of internal and external funds, thereby constraining firms' ability to fund investment projects through external financing. Financial constraints force firms to manage their cash flows to finance potentially profitable projects. A related stream of research documents that financial constraints due to costly external financing are more pronounced in underdeveloped financial markets. We examine the influence of financial development on the demand for liquidity by focusing on how financial development affects the sensitivity of firms' cash holdings to their cash flows. Using firm-level data for 35 countries covering about 12,782 firms for the years 1994–2002, we find the sensitivity of cash holdings to cash flows decreases with financial development. We also consider additional implications of firms' cash flow sensitivity of cash with respect to firm size and business cycles. Overall, we provide new cross-country evidence of the role of financial development on financial constraints.
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Grimpe, Christoph. "Successful Product Development after Firm Acquisitions: The Role of Research and Development." Journal of Product Innovation Management 24, no. 6 (November 2007): 614–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2007.00275.x.

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Chen, Miao-Ling, Chi-Lu Peng, and An-Pin Wei. "ADVERTISING, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, AND CAPITAL MARKET RISK: HIGHER RISK FIRMS VERSUS LOWER RISK FIRMS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 13, no. 4 (September 17, 2012): 724–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.666998.

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This study examines how a firm's advertising and R&D affects the firm's β-risk and idiosyncratic risk, which are metrics of interest to both finance executives and senior management. Due to the existence of a non-normal and heteroscedasticity dataset, we use quantile regression to analyze the sample to understand the full behavior of our non-normally distributed datapoints. The evidence of this study shows that: (1) Advertising is significantly associated with lower β-risk for firms with lower, median and higher β-risk. (2) R&D significantly increases β-risk for firms with median and higher β-risk firms. (3) Advertising is significantly associated with lower idiosyncratic risk for firms with higher idiosyncratic risk. (4) R&D is significantly associated with higher idiosyncratic risk for firms with median and higher idiosyncratic risk. In summary, our evidence shows that both advertising and R&D have a stronger effect on firms with higher β- and idiosyncratic risk than on those with lower β- and idiosyncratic risk, respectively. Our findings are useful to help both management executives and investors. Firm managers can allocate limited resources more efficiently to reduce their firm risk; investors could exert their influence on firm's senior executives to make decisions that are beneficial to stock returns.
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Тебекин, Алексей Васильевич. "THEORY OF FIRMS: EVOLUTION AND CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 4(52) (December 23, 2020): 218–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2020.4.218-244.

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Рассмотрены этапы эволюции теории фирм, как составляющей микроэкономической теории, по следующим направлениям: причины возникновения фирмы, границы деятельности фирмы, организационная структура фирмы, неоднородность действий фирмы, доказательства для различных теорий фирмы. Цель статьи состоит в оценке особенностей использования положений теории фирм в текущих экономических реалиях. Научная новизна исследования заключается в демонстрации существенных отличий условий функционирования фирм в постиндустриальную эпоху по сравнению с индустриальной и доиндустриальной эпохами, когда и были сформированы базовые положения теории фирм, что создает определенные проблемы для их использования и требует их дальнейшего развития. The stages of the evolution of the theory of firms as a component of microeconomic theory are considered in such areas as: the reasons for the emergence of the firm, the boundaries of the firm, the organizational structure of the firm, the heterogeneity of the firm's actions, evidence for various theories of the firm. The purpose of the work was to assess the features of using the provisions of the theory of firms in the current economic realities. The problems of development of the theory of firms in modern conditions are investigated. The scientific novelty of the research lies in demonstrating significant differences in the conditions for the functioning of firms in the post-industrial era compared to the industrial and pre-industrial eras, when the basic provisions of the theory of firms were formed, create certain problems for using a number of basic provisions of the theory of firms, requiring their further development.
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Schaarschmidt, Mario, and Harald Von Kortzfleisch. "Firms' Resource Deployment and Project Leadership in Open Source Software Development." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 12, no. 02 (March 25, 2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877015500108.

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When using the open source software (OSS), development model firms face the challenge to balance the tension between the integration of knowledge from external individuals and the desire for control. In our investigation, we draw upon a data set consisting of 109 projects with 912 individual programmers and 110 involved firms and show how those different projects are governed in terms of project leadership. Our four hypotheses show that despite the wish for external knowledge from voluntary programmers firms are relying on own resources or those from other firms to control a project, that projects with low firm participation are mainly led by voluntary committers, and that projects with high firm participation are mainly led by paid leaders. This research extends the dominating literature by providing empirical evidence in that area and helps to deepen our understanding of firm participation in OSS projects as a form of open innovation activity.
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Yamada, Hirokazu, and Yuji Nakayama. "Empirical Research on the Profitability of R&D Expenditure." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2019010102.

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Yamada and Nakayama (2018) estimated the profitability of research and development (R&D) expenditures for the Japanese manufacturing industry, using industry-level data. The results of the manufacturing industry are not necessarily reflective of the state of each individual firm. The purpose of this study is to understand the present state of profitability of R&D expenditures in major Japanese textile firms using firm-level financial data. In terms of methodology, a cost-effectiveness model that considers endogeneity between revenue and R&D expenditure, as well as methods from the literature that can be used to analyze even small samples, are used. The methods used in this article will help practitioners better understand the specific circumstances of their own firms. The authors' work quantifies the investment levels of R&D expenditure, presents strategic management challenges around R&D expenditure to advocate for the consideration of rates of return, and urges the establishment of management accounting criteria at the firm level.
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Aggarwal, Aradhna. "The Impact of Foreign Ownership on Research and Development Intensity and Technology Acquisition in Indian Industries: Pre and Post Global Financial Crisis." Asian Development Review 35, no. 1 (March 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00103.

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This study examines how interfirm heterogeneities in modes of technology acquisition and technology intensities are linked to firm ownership in India using a panel data set of about 2,000 firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange for the period 2003–2014 drawn from the Prowess database of the Center for Monitoring Indian Economy. Foreign ownership is categorized according to the level of control exercised by foreign firms as defined under the Companies Act of India. A comparative analysis of domestic and different categories of foreign firms was conducted for two time periods: (i) the global boom period of 2004–2008, and (ii) the post global financial crisis period of 2008–2014. A horizontal cluster analysis of 3-digit, industry-level data shows that foreign firms cluster in high-technology industries. The propensity score matching analysis, however, reveals that in a matched sample of foreign and domestic firms, majority-owned foreign firms spend less on research and development and more on technology transfers than their local counterparts, demonstrating that the level of equity holdings by a foreign firm matters. There is little evidence of the global financial crisis affecting the relocation of research and development activities to India. An alternative assessment based on panel data regression analysis confirms these findings and validates the propensity score matching results.
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Chen, Qian, Mats Magnusson, and Jennie Björk. "Collective firm-internal online idea development." European Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 13–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-02-2018-0045.

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Purpose New opportunities to nurture good ideas for innovation arise as firms use web-based ideation platforms for collective idea generation and development. What influences creative performance in firm-internal collective idea development is however not as well researched as idea generation and thus an important area of research is the feedback and commenting on ideas. More specifically, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of feedback timeliness and knowledge overlap between feedback providers and ideas in collective firm-internal online idea development. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study has been performed, drawing on data collected from a Swedish multi-national company using a web-based system for collective firm-internal ideation. The investigation explicitly captures the effects on ideation performance played by idea development contributions, in terms of feedback timeliness and knowledge overlap between feedback providers and ideas. Findings The empirical results show that idea development is significantly influenced by feedback timeliness as well as by the knowledge overlap between feedback providers and ideas. Specifically, it is found that longer time to feedback and an increased knowledge overlap result in an increased likelihood of idea acceptance. However, beyond a certain point, the positive effects of a longer time to feedback and increased knowledge overlap decrease, resulting in curvilinear relationships with idea acceptance. Research limitations/implications The results do not only shed new light on theory about collective idea development, but also provides management implications for collective firm-internal ideation. As the data used in the study has been collected in one single firm, care should be taken in generalizing the results to other domains. Practical implications The results inform managers that it is not always better to involve more individuals in these emergent and distributed ideation systems, but that it might be beneficial to take measures to exercise some control in terms of when distributed and diverse employees can freely join in and out, especially considering the diversity of ideas, comments and creators. Originality/value The results from the empirical study reveal the effects of feedback timeliness and knowledge overlap on idea development. This provides us with new insights on the complex dynamics at place in collective firm-internal idea development and offers implications for how we can fruitfully manage this process.
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Fillis, Ian, Ulf Johansson, and Beverly Wagner. "A qualitative investigation of smaller firm e‐business development." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626000410551609.

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A previous paper by the authors drew on existing research on e‐business and the smaller firm, developed a conceptual model and a set of research propositions. This paper analyses a series of qualitative, in‐depth interviews of owner/managers of smaller firms in central Scotland in order to test the research propositions. Results indicate that industry and sectoral factors play an important role in the level of e‐business development achieved. In many cases the customer determines the need for e‐business adoption, rather than any internally planned programme of adoption. Other important factors include the degree of entrepreneurial orientation of the key decision maker and the ability to exploit appropriate competencies. Recommendations for encouragement of e‐business development are made and suggestions for future research are included.
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Rotjanakorn, Atichat, Pornrat Sadangharn, and Khahan Na-Nan. "Development of Dynamic Capabilities for Automotive Industry Performance under Disruptive Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (September 27, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040097.

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Dynamic capabilities are creating dramatic change for the industry around the world. Resource-Based View (RBV) theory and Operational capability theory are the basic capabilities of an organization under a normal changing environment. This creates a competitive advantage and organizational success in a relatively short period of time, in which the dynamic environment is not sufficient to cope with this change. Dynamic capability is a concept for managing change under this dynamic environment. Past research supports a direct positive relationship between dynamic capability and firm performance but it did not focus on the mediator variables. This research emphasizes the influences of competitive advantages and innovation capabilities as mediators of dynamic capabilities and firm performance were investigated. A cross-sectional design study was utilised and questionnaires were submitted to 326 firms to test the proposed relationships. IBM SPSS Statistics Base 26, IBM SPSS AMOS 21, and PROCESS macro 3.6 were used for statistical analysis. Results revealed that competitive advantages and innovation capabilities were partially mediated by dynamic capabilities and firm performance. Findings contribute to the literature on empowering leadership and innovative firm performance by highlighting that competitive advantages and innovation capabilities act as mediators to improve dynamic capabilities and enhance innovative firm performance.
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Pronobis, Paul, Bernhard Schwetzler, Marco O. Sperling, and Henning Zuelch. "The development of earnings quality in Germany and its implication for further research. A quantitative empirical analysis of German listed companies between 1997 and 2006." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 1 (2009): 434–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i1c4p2.

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This paper investigates the development of earnings quality for a sample of 5,817 firm years during the period between 1997 and 2006 using seven different measures (accounting- and market-based). As a result, overall earnings quality of German firms improves over time. However, the measures of timeliness and value relevance indicate a decreasing earnings quality. These findings are tested by taking firm-specific accounting style into consideration using firm fixed effects.
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34

Löfsten, Hans. "Business and innovation resources." Management Decision 54, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2015-0139.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze how new technology-based firms’ (NTBF) business and innovation resources affect firm survival. Design/methodology/approach – The study leverages a data set comprised of 131 Swedish NTBFs located in 16 incubators. The first part of the analysis investigates the determinants of firm survival, and the second presents a statistical analysis. The business resources examined in this study consist of business planning and localization variables and four latent variables are developed. Patents at the firm start or during the firm’s first three years are considered as innovation resources. Findings – First, this study shows that the latent business plans variable has a significant positive connection with firm survival. Second, patent development during firms’ initial years is critical to firm survival. Originality/value – This study is longitudinal, with the first data collection occurring in 2005 and the second in 2014. The firms’ 2013 annual reports suggest that the firms’ survival rate is 55 percent. This longitudinal research that spans eight years shows how the development of patents is highly significant to firm survival.
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Warusawitharana, Missaka. "Research and Development, Profits and Firm Value : A Structural Estimation." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2008, no. 52 (October 2008): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2008.52.

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36

Chang, Andrew C. "Banking Consolidation and Small Firm Financing for Research and Development." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2016, no. 29 (April 2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2016.029.

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37

Chang, Andrew C. "Banking consolidation and small firm financing for research and development." Applied Economics 49, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1192271.

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Barge-Gil, Andrés, and Alberto López. "The complementarity effect of research and development on firm productivity." Applied Economics Letters 20, no. 15 (October 2013): 1426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.815307.

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Warusawitharana, Missaka. "Research and development, profits, and firm value: A structural estimation." Quantitative Economics 6, no. 2 (July 2015): 531–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe282.

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40

McAlister, Leigh, Raji Srinivasan, and MinChung Kim. "Advertising, Research and Development, and Systematic Risk of the Firm." Journal of Marketing 71, no. 1 (January 2007): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.1.035.

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41

McAlister, Leigh, Raji Srinivasan, and MinChung Kim. "Advertising, Research and Development, and Systematic Risk of the Firm." Journal of Marketing 71, no. 1 (January 2007): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.1.35.

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42

Perényi, Áron, and Piotr Trąpczyński. "Incremental or radical development? A dynamic approach to organisational changes and growth of Hungarian ICT SMEs." Journal of East European Management Studies 25, no. 1 (2020): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2020-1-165.

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This paper explores the dynamics of organisational change by building on firm life-cycle theory. Extant research assumed that the development of firms follows a certain sequence of stages. Based on the life-cycle model, this study evaluates the speed and extent of changes in organisational characteristics and firm growth during the development of ICT SMEs in Hungary. Hypotheses are tested using multivariate statistical methods. Results show that stagnant firms are not significantly different from the ones undergoing incremental changes, but significant growth coincides with radical organisational changes. Our findings highlight that team-based decision making, complex organisational structures and sophisticated information systems coincide with firm growth.
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43

Newey, Lance, and Martie-Louise Verreynne. "Multilevel absorptive capacity and interorganizational new product development: A process study." Journal of Management & Organization 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s183336720000170x.

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AbstractThe objective of this paper is to deepen our understanding of the role of absorptive capacity in enabling interorganizational new product development (INPD). We contend that despite what is known about the benefits of absorptive capacity to innovating firms, this research is dominated by firm-level analyses using cross-sectional data. The accumulated knowledge about absorptive capacity thus does not help with understanding how absorptive capacity unfolds as a process within and between firms such as when firms collaborate in new product development. Using a longitudinal case study, we build new theory at the INPD system level of analysis that leads us to shed new light on the cross-level interactions between firm- and alliance-level absorptive capacities.
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Newey, Lance, and Martie-Louise Verreynne. "Multilevel absorptive capacity and interorganizational new product development: A process study." Journal of Management & Organization 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2011.17.1.39.

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AbstractThe objective of this paper is to deepen our understanding of the role of absorptive capacity in enabling interorganizational new product development (INPD). We contend that despite what is known about the benefits of absorptive capacity to innovating firms, this research is dominated by firm-level analyses using cross-sectional data. The accumulated knowledge about absorptive capacity thus does not help with understanding how absorptive capacity unfolds as a process within and between firms such as when firms collaborate in new product development. Using a longitudinal case study, we build new theory at the INPD system level of analysis that leads us to shed new light on the cross-level interactions between firm- and alliance-level absorptive capacities.
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Melander, Lisa, and Fredrik Tell. "Inter-firm and intra-firm coordination of buyer-supplier collaborations in new product development under conflicts of interest." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 4 (June 7, 2019): 850–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-09-2017-0216.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze coordination mechanisms in buyer-supplier collaborations in new product development (NPD) and the influence of conflicts of interest. Inter- and intra-organizational coordination mechanisms are investigated. Design/methodology/approach The findings reported are based on a multiple case study consisting of four cases at two firms. Theoretical sampling consisted in selecting two projects with opposite levels of conflicts of interest between the collaborating firms. In total, 38 interviews were conducted with employees in buying and supplying firms. Findings The findings illustrate how inter-firm conflicts of interest affect the way firms coordinate both externally and internally. A high level of conflicts of interest related to information leakage emanated in more distant relationships with limited coordination between buyer and supplier. This restrictive relationship is also reflected in limited coordination between the buyer’s purchasing and research and development (R&D) units. Research limitations/implications Generalizability is limited, as only two large industrial firms have been studied, but with four projects investigated in detail. The study shows that in situations, in which there is a conflict of interest, external coordination affects the firms’ internal coordination. Conflicts of interest in buyer-supplier NPD collaborations are managed by limiting information sharing, which is reflected in the way R&D and purchasing are coordinated. Practical implications Managers need to be aware of that a firm’s fear of sharing information with its supplier can also transfer to intra-firm unit coordination, as R&D may limit its information sharing with purchasing. On the other hand, in buyer-supplier collaborations with little conflict of interest, firms can form close relationships. Such a close relationship is also mirrored in how R&D and purchasing openly share information and coordinate. Originality/value This research contributes to an increased understanding of coordination in buyer-supplier innovation collaboration. Firms not only need to consider their external coordination but also how coordination with suppliers may affect the way they coordinate in NPD projects within the firm between purchasing and R&D.
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MATWIEJCZUK, Rafał. "The premises of the evolution and development of firm competences in strategic management." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2021, no. 150 (2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2021.150.11.

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Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the premises of the evolution and development of firm competences in strategic management. Design/methodology/approach: The article indicates the key role of competences in strategic management. An extensive literature review and an identification approach were used. Findings: Competences may significantly affect the achievement of the expected market and economic outcomes, as well as building a long-term competitive advantage of a firm. Practical implications: The results of the research presented in the article show the significant importance of the firm competences in strategic management and business practice. Originality/value: The most important conditions for the development of the firm competences in the field of strategic management were presented. The article is addressed both to researchers as well as managers and other business practitioners.</
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Stanley, Laura J., Remedios Hernández-Linares, María Concepción López-Fernández, and Franz W. Kellermanns. "A Typology of Family Firms: An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance." Family Business Review 32, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 174–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486519838120.

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Drawing on family firm heterogeneity research, we develop a typology of family firms using differences in family influence and firm life cycle. We offer hypotheses regarding the relationships between the different firm types and two important outcomes: Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and performance. Applying latent profile analysis to a sample of 684 Spanish and Portuguese family firms using variables related to family influence (i.e., ownership, family CEO) and firm life cycle (i.e., generational management, size, and presence of board of directors), we find four family firm types, which differentially affect EO and performance. Implications of our findings for EO, family firm performance, and the development of family firm typologies are discussed.
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Bhattacharyya, Som Sekhar. "Development of a conceptual framework on real options theory for strategic human resource management." Industrial and Commercial Training 50, no. 5 (June 4, 2018): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-07-2017-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual real options theory framework for the firms to use options to mitigate both investment risks and retention of the trained human resources. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper is built with logical argumentation. Findings The growth of IT firms has created a demand for quality IT industry employees in substantive quantity in India. IT firms provide training and development (T&D) inputs for developing better skills of employees for better employee and superior firm performance. T&D input requires firm investment. It also creates enhanced market demand for the trained employee. High growth area like IT firms not only competes for market but also for employees. A trained employee might leave the firm that provided the training to join a rival firm which offers relatively better salary, a catch -22 situation. This paper develops a real options-based framework for strategic human resource management (HRM). Research limitations/implications This work integrates the theory of real options and strategic HRM. Originality/value This conceptual work is one of the first attempts to use real options theory on strategic HRM.
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Reinl, Leana, and Felicity Kelliher. "Cooperative Micro-Firm Strategies." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 11, no. 2 (May 2010): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000010791291758.

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Learning networks are highlighted in contemporary literature as a means of leveraging resources to create and sustain competitive advantage in micro-firms. Despite their importance in the context of micro-firm development, micro-firm learning, learning processes and networks have previously been neglected as an area of academic study, and there is limited evidence of successful cooperative strategies in this environment. The aim of the research discussed in this paper is to catalogue micro-firm learning criteria in a cooperative network environment and to propose a framework of cooperative learning for that milieu. Adopting an action research methodology, primary research was carried out on a Tourism Learning Network (TLN) initiative. Cooperative network activity and individual learning were observed and documented by the researchers over two years. Based on the research findings, the authors propose a framework of cooperative learning that offers insight into how network structures, support and interrelationships may facilitate learning process completion in the micro-firm environment.
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Chen, Po-Lu. "Cross-Country Economic Espionage and Investment in Research and Development." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n4p146.

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<p>This paper investigates the impact of cross-country economic espionage on innovation incentives and welfare by considering both ex ante and ex post effects of espionage. I consider two firms residing in two countries with two types of innovation, cost-reducing research and development (R&amp;D) and information technology R&amp;D, and find that espionage activity reduces both firms’ investment in cost-reducing R&amp;D. The change in consumer’s welfare due to espionage depends on two offsetting effects and is ambiguous. I also discuss the effect of sales ban policy on deterring espionage. I find that sales ban policy may alternatively encourage investment in espionage activities if market size is small. Whether sales ban policy can improve consumer’s welfare depends on the market size. When market size is large that espionage activities are deterred by sales ban, then more capital devoted to cost-reducing R&amp;D leads to higher consumer welfare. However, if market size is small that espionage is not deterred, then monopolistic position of the local firm under sales ban policy hurts local consumers.</p>
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