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1
You, Zhiying. "Power and sample size of cluster randomized trials." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/you.pdf.
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Sawrie, David Franklin. "Preemptive power analysis for the consulting statistician novel applications of internal pilot design and information based monitoring systems /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/sawrie.pdf.
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Hagen, Clinton Ernest. "Comparing the performance of four calculation methods for estimating the sample size in repeated measures clinical trials where difference in treatment groups means is of interest." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.
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Cudjoe, Samuel. "How do Companies Reward their Employees." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102749.
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This study is unique considering the location (Africa) and the industrial setting (Gold Mining) from which the research was studied as reward systems had mostly been studied in the North-American and European settings. Thus, the study considered rewards from the perspective of the African and its natural resource industries such as the gold mining industry. The methodology employed in the study was based on a case study approach at Golden Star (Bogoso/Prestea) Limited (GSB/PL) with a population size of 1029 employees combining both qualitative and quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey of a 278 sample size and structured interview with the Human Resources and Administration Manager. Thus, the method of data collection represents methodological triangulation and the data obtained from the study represents a primary source of data. The study revealed that all the three generational groups (Baby Boomers, GEN Xers and GEN Yers) places higher emphasis or priority on financial incentives (high salary and bonuses) over any other incentives when respondents were asked to indicate the reward they prefer most. But when rewards were considered as a total package profile, greater number of the baby boomers placed more emphasis or priority on packages with highly flexible pension benefits, long term job security and high internal promotions eventhough the salary and bonus components of the packages (profile) were not that attract. The GEN X and GEN Y groups still maintained their reward package profile preferences based on high financial incentives, training and learning opportunities, personal growth and career advancement. The study revealed that aside the high preferences for financial incentives such as high salary and bonuses by all the generational groups, few of the GEN X and GEN Y also exhibited other preferences such as high personal growth, flexible work schedule, attractive company policy and administration, career advancement, working environment, job security and praises and recognition of which the baby boomers did not indicate any preferences or interest. The study revealed that all the three generational groups (Baby Boomers, GEN X and GEN Y) consider high salary and bonuses as factor which causes employee dissatisfaction when not satisfied or available but when they are satisfied or available also do not motivate or cause satisfaction and thus confirming Herzberg Two-Factor theory that factors such as salary or remuneration, job security, working conditions and company policies only prevent employee dissatisfaction. The study revealed that all generational groups (baby boomers, GEN X and GEN Y) consider high salaries and bonuses as factor which could lead to lack of satisfaction and motivation of the employee in his current role or position when not available or satisfied and thus this finding confirm the traditional belief that pay is prime, or in some cases the only source of motivation but contradict Herzberg claim that pay (high salaries and bonuses) is only an extrinsic factor and that when is available or satisfied, pay does not bring satisfaction and motivation but rather prevents dissatisfaction. The study revealed that GSB/PL rewards systems basically comprises of extrinsic rewards such as high salary levels (pay increases), a bonus scheme, training and learning opportunities, job security, Stock options, Retirement/Pension benefits such as social security and provident fund, promotions, attractive company policies and administration, praises and recognition, good working environment, flexible work schedule, Long service awards and benefits such as housing, Health insurance, Vacation/Annual leave benefits, transportation/bussing service, messing (provision of meals to employees only when at work), and educational benefits (for employees dependants). The study also revealed that the design and implementation of GSB/PL reward systems involves four distinct phases: assessment, design, execution and evaluation phases. In the end, a suitable conclusion was drawn and a number of recommendations proposed to be implemented by the mining company in safeguarding the interest of both employees and the employer.
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Campbell, Marion K. "Cluster randomised trials in implementation research : intracluster correlation coefficients, sample size and reporting considerations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU176474.
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This thesis examines aspects of the application of the cluster randomised trial design in implementation research. In particular, it focuses on three main themes: a) the intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) in cluster randomised trials of implementation research and factors affecting its magnitude; b) the impact of the ICC on sample size calculations; and c) reporting considerations for cluster randomised trials generally, and for ICCs in particular. The results show that empirical estimates of ICCs vary in size and certain factors - particularly the type of variable and the study setting - influence the magnitude of the ICC. When reporting an ICC, three aspects were found to be important: a) a description of the dataset, b) information on how the ICC was calculated; and c) information on the accuracy of the ICC. General reporting considerations for cluster randomised trials were also considered and found to require explanations for: a) the rationale for adopting a cluster design; b) how the effects of clustering were incorporated into the sample size calculations; c) how the effects of clustering were incorporated into the analysis; and d) the flow of both clusters and individuals through the trial, from assignment to analysis. A revised CONSORT statement accommodating the specific features of a cluster randomised trial was presented. The work outlined in this thesis shows that the adoption of a cluster randomised trial in implementation research has a number of important implications that researchers should consider when planning future trials.
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Koetting, Lauren. "Effect size guidelines for single-subject research designs." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10134004.
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<p> Current research uses effect size guidelines to determine if there is a small, medium, or large effect for group design interventions. A best practice methodology and guidelines for determining the effect size of an intensive intervention in a single-subject design have not been established. The present study identifies cut score guidelines for single-subject research designs to determine if the intervention had a small, medium, or large effect. This study examines the distribution of effect size, using the Percentage of Non-Overlapping Data (PNOD) and Cohen’s d, for a large sample of intensive academic interventions. In addition, differences in distribution for varying environmental settings (e.g., clinic-based and school-based) and targeted skill areas (e.g., math, reading, and writing) are examined. This information will assist interventionists in selecting interventions, determining if an intervention is working, and if changes to an intervention should be considered.</p>
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Wang, Xiangrong. "Effect of Sample Size on Irt Equating of Uni-Dimensional Tests in Common Item Non-Equivalent Group Design: a Monte Carlo Simulation Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37555.
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Test equating is important to large-scale testing programs because of the following two reasons: strict test security is a key concern for high-stakes tests and fairness of test equating is important for test takers. The question of adequacy of sample size often arises in test equating. However, most recommendations in the existing literature are based on classical test equating. Very few research studies systematically investigated the minimal sample size which leads to reasonably accurate equating results based on item response theory (IRT). The main purpose of this study was to examine the minimal sample size for desired IRT equating accuracy for the common-item nonequivalent groups design under various conditions. Accuracy was determined by examining the relative magnitude of six accuracy statistics. Two IRT equating methods were carried out on simulated tests with combinations of test length, test format, group ability difference, similarity of the form difficulty, and parameter estimation methods for 14 sample sizes using Monte Carlo simulations with 1,000 replications per cell. Observed score equating and true score equating were compared to the criterion equating to obtain the accuracy statistics. The results suggest that different sample size requirements exist for different test lengths, test formats and parameter estimation methods. Additionally, the results show the following: first, the results for true score equating and observed score equating are very similar. Second, the longer test has less accurate equating than the shorter one at the same sample size level and as the sample size decreases, the gap is greater. Third, concurrent parameter estimation method produced less equating error than separate estimation at the same sample size level and as the sample size reduces, the difference increases. Fourth, the cases with different group ability have larger and less stable error comparing to the base case and the cases with different test difficulty, especially when using separate parameter estimation method with sample size less than 750. Last, the mixed formatted test is more accurate than the single formatted one at the same sample size level.<br>Ph. D.
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Takazawa, Akira. "Optimal decision criteria for the study design and sample size of a biomarker-driven phase III trial." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253492.
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Meijer, Helmut. "Research into and design of a digital sound sample library for acoustic drums." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16388.
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Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sound sample libraries represent the format in which huge collections of sampled sounds are made available
for use within digital samplers and/or other digital audio workstations (DAW’s). Although in use for many
years, little or no academic research has been done on the methodology of compiling a commercial sound
sample library.
In this endeavour, the factors influencing the design, recording and publishing of a sound sample library are
investigated through the actual design of a drum sample library. The rationale behind the sampling of a drum
kit is carefully depicted in the light of various other factors influencing the instrument, as well as being
influenced by the instrument itself.
A professional drummer was engaged to play a state-of-the art Gretsch acoustic drum kit. Samples of the kit,
consisting of various individual instrument parts, were recorded in three locations within the Konservatorium
of Stellenbosch University, for reasons carefully explained in the text.
These numerous drum hits were mixed and cut into individual drum samples. The samples were mapped into
a digital software sampler, GigaStudio, creating five distinct collections of drum samples that faithfully
represent the quality of the drum kit, the recording rooms as well as the equipment used in the process.
The outcome of the study is a professional product in the form of a Gretsch drum sample collection, prepared
for commercial release. Many of the drum samples have already been used successfully in commercial music
releases over the past 12 months.
Whilst the drum sample library is currently being published, the product and documentation clearly depict
the viability of the study in terms of the artistic and academic expectations that have been met. The study
anticipates future research on the subject.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klankbiblioteke heet die formaat waarin versamelings van klankmonsters beskikbaar gestel word vir gebruik
in digitale samplers1 en/of ander digitale klankprogrammatuur. Nieteenstaande die feit dat klankbiblioteke
reeds jare in gebruik is, is geen studie waarin die ontwerp en saamstel van so ‘n biblioteek beskryf word,
bekend nie.
In hierdie navorsingsprojek word die faktore wat die ontwerp, opneem en vrystelling van ‘n klankbiblioteek
beïnvloed bestudeer deur die skep van so ‘n biblioteek. Die oorwegings vir die keuse van ‘n tromstel is
noukeurig uiteengesit in die lig van die faktore wat betrekking het tot, en wederkerig beïnvloed is deur die
instrument en opname-omgewing.
‘n Professionele tromspeler is vir die projekdoeleindes gekontrakteer om ‘n Gretsch akoestiese tromstel te
speel. Klankmonsters van die tromstel se individuele komponente is in drie lokale binne die Konservatorium
van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch opgeneem, met redes soos uiteengestip in die teks.
Klankopnames van die talle tromslae is gemeng en opgesny in individuele klankmonsters. Laasgenoemde is
in GigaStudio, ‘n digitale sagteware sampler, gekarteer sodat vyf duidelik-onderskeibare klankveramelings
geskep is. Hierdie versamelings lig die kwaliteit van die tromstel asook die verskeie opnamelokale en
toerusting wat gebruik is duidelik uit.
Die resultaat van die studie is ‘n professionele produk in die vorm van ‘n Gretsch kommersiële
klankbiblioteek, waarvan verskeie klankmonsters reeds oor die afgelope 12 maande in plaaslike musiekvrystellings
gebruik is.
Hoewel die klankbiblioteek huidiglik vrygestel word, toon die produk en dokumentasie duidelik die artistiese
en tegniese waardigheid van die studie. Die studie antisipeer toekomstige navorsings-moontlikhede wat uit
die onderwerp mag voortspruit.
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Dhaliwal, Lesley. "Research design and effect size : a meta-analysis of mood disorder experimental trials." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54731.
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The design of experimental studies can have a significant influence on effect size; however, this influence is rarely given enough consideration during the interpretation and comparison of research results. This paper examines whether there is a significant difference between the effect sizes from placebo-controlled versus treatment-controlled trials. This issue was studied by conducting a meta-analysis of approximately 37 RCTs of mood disorder therapies. The results of this methodological investigation confirmed that there is a statistically significant difference between the weighted effect sizes from the two groups of studies that were compared. These results support the claim that the type of control group is an important factor to consider in the design and interpretation of experimental studies. This analysis is a methodological contribution as it addresses how the type of control group in a RCT impacts the outcome of a study, and more specifically the effect size. The outcome of this research also challenges the effectiveness of treatments that have been tested against only one type of control in experimental studies.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate
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Bell, Melanie L., Amy L. Whitehead, and Steven A. Julious. "Guidance for using pilot studies to inform the design of intervention trials with continuous outcomes." DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627081.
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Background: A pilot study can be an important step in the assessment of an intervention by providing information to design the future definitive trial. Pilot studies can be used to estimate the recruitment and retention rates and population variance and to provide preliminary evidence of efficacy potential. However, estimation is poor because pilot studies are small, so sensitivity analyses for the main trial's sample size calculations should be undertaken. Methods: We demonstrate how to carry out easy-to-perform sensitivity analysis for designing trials based on pilot data using an example. Furthermore, we introduce rules of thumb for the size of the pilot study so that the overall sample size, for both pilot and main trials, is minimized. Results: The example illustrates how sample size estimates for the main trial can alter dramatically by plausibly varying assumptions. Required sample size for 90% power varied from 392 to 692 depending on assumptions. Some scenarios were not feasible based on the pilot study recruitment and retention rates. Conclusion: Pilot studies can be used to help design the main trial, but caution should be exercised. We recommend the use of sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the design assumptions for a main trial.
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Pead, Justin Charles. "Research, design and construction of a team of Small Size League Soccer robots for RoboCup Soccer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5488.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Small Size League (SSL) Soccer at RoboCup uses the complexity of a well kown human sport to extend the capabilities of mobile robotics as well as automated computer control. The game creates a environment where technically complicated miniature soccer robots are required to perform the tasks based on computer algorithms to outsmart similar systems. SSL creates a publically accessible window into complicated systems that an outsider is capable of comprehending.
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Ramasamy, Adaikalavan. "Increasing statistical power and generalizability in genomics microarray research." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81ccede7-a268-4c7a-9bf8-a2b68634846d.
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The high-throughput technologies developed in the last decade have revolutionized the speed of data accumulation in the life sciences. As a result we have very rich and complex data that holds great promise to solving many complex biological questions. One such technology that is very well established and widespread is DNA microarrays, which allows one to simultaneously measure the expression levels of tens of thousands of genes in a biological tissue. This thesis aims to contribute to the development of statistics that allow the end users to obtain robust and meaningful results from DNA microarrays for further investigation. The methodology, implementation and pragmatic issues of two important and related topics – sample size estimations for designing new studies and meta-analysis of existing studies – are presented here to achieve this aim. Real life case studies and guided steps are also given. Sample size estimation is important at the design stage to ensure a study has sufficient statistical power to address the stated objective given the financial constraints. The commonly used formula for estimating the number of biological samples, its short-comings and potential amelioration are discussed. The optimal number of biological samples and number of measurements per sample that minimizes the cost is also presented. Meta-analysis or the synthesis of information from existing studies is very attractive because it can increase the statistical power by making comprehensive and inexpensive use of available information. Furthermore, one can also easily test the generalizability of findings (i.e. the extent of results from a particular valid study can be applied to other circumstances). The key issues in conducting a meta-analysis for microarrays studies, a checklist and R codes are presented here. Finally, the poor availability of raw data in microarray studies is discussed here with recommendations for authors, journal editors and funding bodies. Good availability of data is important for meta-analysis in order to avoid biased results and for sample size estimation.
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Schäfer, Thomas, and Marcus A. Schwarz. "The Meaningfulness of Effect Sizes in Psychological Research: Differences Between Sub-Disciplines and the Impact of Potential Biases." Frontiers Media SA, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33749.
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Effect sizes are the currency of psychological research. They quantify the results of a study to answer the research question and are used to calculate statistical power. The interpretation of effect sizes—when is an effect small, medium, or large?—has been guided by the recommendations Jacob Cohen gave in his pioneering writings starting in 1962: Either compare an effect with the effects found in past research or use certain conventional benchmarks. The present analysis shows that neither of these recommendations is currently applicable. From past publications without pre-registration, 900 effects were randomly drawn and compared with 93 effects from publications with pre-registration, revealing a large difference: Effects from the former (median r = 0.36) were much larger than effects from the latter (median r = 0.16). That is, certain biases, such as publication bias or questionable research practices, have caused a dramatic inflation in published effects, making it difficult to compare an actual effect with the real population effects (as these are unknown). In addition, there were very large differences in the mean effects between psychological sub-disciplines and between different study designs, making it impossible to apply any global benchmarks. Many more pre-registered studies are needed in the future to derive a reliable picture of real population effects.
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Schabarum, Denison Esequiel. "Tamanho de amostra para caracteres morfológicos e produtivos de Crotalaria juncea." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11641.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a legume used in crop rotation, for biomass formation, biological nitrogen fixation and control of nematodes. More and more studies are being conducted with this culture and an estimate of adequate sample size becomes very important. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the sample size to estimate the average morphological and productive traits sunn hemp and verify the variability of the sample size between traits and evaluation periods. And then performing two uniform trials. Both trials were conducted in the field, in the 2014/2015 crop, with sowings in october and december, assessing 300 plants per season. The evaluations of morphological traits (plant height and number of leaves) were held weekly throughout the cycle. The evaluations of the two other morphological traits (stem diameter and root length) and productive traits (fresh and dry matter of leaf, stem, root, the aerial part and total) were evaluated at flowering plants. For each character calculated the sample size for the confidence interval semiamplitudes (estimation errors) equal to 2, 4, ..., 20% of the average estimate. To estimate the average plant height and number of leaves there is variability of the sample size between the stages of development of culture, being necessary sample size at the beginning of the cycle. There is variability between the morphological traits, and the number of leaves require a larger sample size than the other traits. The sample size is larger for the production when compared to morphological traits. There is variability in sample size between the sowing dates. To estimate the average morphological traits with a maximum error of 10% and 95% confidence level should be assessed at least 70 plants and productive traits with a maximum error of 20% and 95% confidence level is due evaluate at least 101 plants.<br>A crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea L.) é uma leguminosa, utilizada na rotação de culturas, para formação de biomassa, fixação biológica de nitrogênio e controle de nematóides. Cada vez mais estudos estão sendo realizados com essa cultura e uma estimativa do tamanho de amostra adequado torna-se de grande importância. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra para a estimação da média de caracteres morfológicos e produtivos de crotalária juncea e verificar a variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre caracteres e épocas de avaliação. Sendo então realizados dois ensaios de uniformidade. Ambos os ensaios foram conduzidos a campo, na safra 2014/2015, com semeaduras em outubro e dezembro, avaliando-se 300 plantas por época. As avaliações dos caracteres morfológicos (altura de planta e número de folhas) foram realizadas semanalmente durante todo o ciclo. As avaliações dos outros dois caracteres morfológicos (diâmetro de caule e comprimento de raiz) bem como os caracteres produtivos (massas de matéria fresca e seca de folha, de caule, de raiz, de parte aérea e total) foram avaliados no florescimento das plantas. Para cada caractere foi calculado o tamanho de amostra para as semiamplitudes do intervalo de confiança (erros de estimação) iguais a 2, 4,..., 20% da estimativa da média. Para estimação da média da altura de planta e do número de folhas há variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre as fases de desenvolvimento da cultura, sendo necessário maior tamanho de amostra no início do ciclo da cultura. Existe variabilidade entre os caracteres morfológicos, sendo que o número de folhas necessita de maior tamanho de amostra do que os demais caracteres. O tamanho de amostra é maior para os caracteres produtivos quando comparados aos morfológicos. Há variabilidade no tamanho de amostra entre as épocas de semeadura. Para estimar as médias dos caracteres morfológicos com um erro máximo de 10% e nível de confiança de 95% deve-se avaliar no mínimo 70 plantas e para caracteres produtivos com um erro máximo de 20% e nível de confiança de 95% deve-se avaliar no mínimo 101 plantas.
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Haardoerfer, Regine. "Power and Bias in Hierarchical Linear Growth Models: More Measurements for Fewer People." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/57.
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Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) sample size recommendations are mostly made with traditional group-design research in mind, as HLM as been used almost exclusively in group-design studies. Single-case research can benefit from utilizing hierarchical linear growth modeling, but sample size recommendations for growth modeling with HLM are scarce and generally do not consider the sample size combinations typical in single-case research. The purpose of this Monte Carlo simulation study was to expand sample size research in hierarchical linear growth modeling to suit single-case designs by testing larger level-1 sample sizes (N1), ranging from 10 to 80, and smaller level-2 sample sizes (N2), from 5 to 35, under the presence of autocorrelation to investigate bias and power. Estimates for the fixed effects were good for all tested sample-size combinations, irrespective of the strengths of the predictor-outcome correlations or the level of autocorrelation. Such low sample sizes, however, especially in the presence of autocorrelation, produced neither good estimates of the variances nor adequate power rates. Power rates were at least adequate for conditions in which N2 = 20 and N1 = 80 or N2 = 25 and N1 = 50 when the squared autocorrelation was .25.Conditions with lower autocorrelation provided adequate or high power for conditions with N2 = 15 and N1 = 50. In addition, conditions with high autocorrelation produced less than perfect power rates to detect the level-1 variance.
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Fitton, N. V. "Why and How to Report Distributions of Optima in Experiments on Heuristic Algorithms." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006054556.
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Domrow, Nathan Craig. "Design, maintenance and methodology for analysing longitudinal social surveys, including applications." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16518/.
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This thesis describes the design, maintenance and statistical analysis involved in undertaking a Longitudinal Survey. A longitudinal survey (or study) obtains observations or responses from individuals over several times over a defined period. This enables the direct study of changes in an individual's response over time. In particular, it distinguishes an individual's change over time from the baseline differences among individuals within the initial panel (or cohort). This is not possible in a cross-sectional study. As such, longitudinal surveys give correlated responses within individuals. Longitudinal studies therefore require different considerations for sample design and selection and analysis from standard cross-sectional studies. This thesis looks at the methodology for analysing social surveys. Most social surveys comprise of variables described as categorical variables. This thesis outlines the process of sample design and selection, interviewing and analysis for a longitudinal study. Emphasis is given to categorical response data typical of a survey. Included in this thesis are examples relating to the Goodna Longitudinal Survey and the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA). Analysis in this thesis also utilises data collected from these surveys. The Goodna Longitudinal Survey was conducted by the Queensland Office of Economic and Statistical Research (a portfolio office within Queensland Treasury) and began in 2002. It ran for two years whereby two waves of responses were collected.
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Facco, Giovani. "Tamanho de amostra para caracteres morfológicos e produtivos de feijão guandu." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5106.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The sample size represents the number of plants to be evaluated for an appropriate experimental design. It is assumed that there is variability in the sample size between characters, between evaluation periods and between growing seasons. The objective of this study was: to determine the sample size for morphological and productive characters of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and check for variability in sample size (number of plants) between the evaluation periods and between crop years. Two tests of uniformity (experiments without treatments) were conducted during two growing seasons. In the first growing season, 2011/ 12 crop, the sowing was broadcasted with the second growing season, 2012/13 crop, sowing was done in rows spaced 0.50 m. The floor area in each of the experiments was 1.848 m2 and 360 plants were marked in the central area on a gride 2 m × 2 m. 11 characters (plant height, number of nodes and stem diameter) were evaluated in 13 seasons in the first growing season and 22 times in the second growing season, green the other characters (green mass of root, stem, leaf mass shoot and total dry root, stem, leaf, dry weight of shoot and total dry mass) mass green mass were evaluated in a time each crop year. For each character, descriptive statistics were calculated and verified normality by using the Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, and the randomness Run Test. For each character, we calculated the sample size (η), for semiamplitudes confidence interval (estimation errors) equal to 2, 4, 6, ...,20 % of the estimated mean (m), with a coefficient confidence (1 - α) of 95 %. Η was set at 360 plants, and the estimation error was calculated as a percentage of the estimated mean (m) for each of the characters. There is variability in the sample size between morphological and productive characters of pigeonpea for morphological and productive characters between crop years and morphological characters between the evaluation periods.<br>O tamanho de amostra representa o número de plantas a serem avaliadas para um adequado planejamento experimental. Supõe-se que há variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre caracteres, entre épocas de avaliação e entre anos agrícolas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi: determinar o tamanho de amostra, para caracteres morfológicos e produtivos de feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan) e verificar se há variabilidade no tamanho de amostra (número de plantas) entre as épocas de avaliação e entre os anos agrícolas. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios de uniformidade (experimentos sem tratamentos), durante dois anos agrícolas. No primeiro ano agrícola, safra 2011/12, a semeadura foi realizada a lanço e no segundo ano agrícola, safra 2012/13, a semeadura foi realizada em linhas espaçadas 0,50 m. A área útil, em cada um dos experimentos foi de 1.848 m2, e foram demarcadas 360 plantas, na área central, em um gride de 2 m × 2 m. Foram avaliados 11 caracteres, (altura de planta, número de nós e diâmetro do caule) em 13 épocas no primeiro ano agrícola e em 22 épocas no segundo ano agrícola, os demais caracteres (massa verde de raiz, caule, folha, massa verde de parte aérea e massa verde total e massa seca de raiz, caule, folha, massa seca de parte aérea e massa seca total) foram avaliados em uma época cada ano agrícola. Para cada caractere, foram calculadas estatísticas descritivas e verificadas a normalidade, por meio do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, e a aleatoriedade pelo Run Test. Para cada caractere, foi calculado o tamanho de amostra (η), para as semiamplitudes do intervalo de confiança (erros de estimação) iguais a 2, 4, 6, ..., 20% da estimativa da média (m), com coeficiente de confiança (1-α) de 95%. Fixou-se η em 360 plantas, e foi calculado o erro de estimação em percentagem da estimativa da média (m) para cada um dos caracteres. Há variabilidade do tamanho de amostra entre caracteres morfológicos e produtivos de feijão guandu, para caracteres morfológicos e produtivos entre os anos agrícolas e para caracteres morfológicos entre as épocas de avaliação.
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Sorrell, Toni P. "TUNING OPTIMIZATION SOFTWARE PARAMETERS FOR MIXED INTEGER PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5035.
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The tuning of optimization software is of key interest to researchers solving mixed integer programming (MIP) problems. The efficiency of the optimization software can be greatly impacted by the solver’s parameter settings and the structure of the MIP. A designed experiment approach is used to fit a statistical model that would suggest settings of the parameters that provided the largest reduction in the primal integral metric. Tuning exemplars of six and 59 factors (parameters) of optimization software, experimentation takes place on three classes of MIPs: survivable fixed telecommunication network design, a formulation of the support vector machine with the ramp loss and L1-norm regularization, and node packing for coding theory graphs. This research presents and demonstrates a framework for tuning a portfolio of MIP instances to not only obtain good parameter settings used for future instances of the same class of MIPs, but to also gain insights into which parameters and interactions of parameters are significant for that class of MIPs. The framework is used for benchmarking of solvers with tuned parameters on a portfolio of instances. A group screening method provides a way to reduce the number of factors in a design and reduces the time it takes to perform the tuning process. Portfolio benchmarking provides performance information of optimization solvers on a class with instances of a similar structure.
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Woo, Hin Kyeol. "Multiscale fractality with application and statistical modeling and estimation for computer experiment of nano-particle fabrication." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45819.
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The first chapter proposes multifractal analysis to measure inhomogeneity of regularity of 1H-NMR spectrum using wavelet-based multifractal tools. The geometric summaries of multifractal spectrum are informative summaries, and as such employed to discriminate 1H-NMR spectra associated with different treatments. The methodology is applied to evaluate the effect of sulfur amino acids.
The second part of this thesis provides essential materials for understanding engineering background of a nano-particle fabrication process. The third chapter introduces a constrained random effect model. Since there are certain combinations of process variables resulting to unproductive process outcomes, a logistic model is used to characterize such a process behavior. For the cases with productive outcomes a normal regression serves the second part of the model. Additionally, random-effects are included in both logistics and normal regression models to describe the potential spatial correlation among data. This chapter researches a way to approximate the likelihood function and to find estimates for maximizing the approximated likelihood.
The last chapter presents a method to decide the sample size under multi-layer system. The multi-layer is a series of layers, which become smaller and smaller. Our focus is to decide the sample size in each layer. The sample size decision has several objectives, and the most important purpose is the sample size should be enough to give a right direction to the next layer. Specifically, the bottom layer, which is the smallest neighborhood around the optimum, should meet the tolerance requirement. Performing the hypothesis test of whether the next layer includes the optimum gives the required sample size.
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Brown, Eric C. "Estimates of statistical power and accuracy for latent trajectory class enumeration in the growth mixture model." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000622.
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Wu, Fei. "Electric Vehicle Charging Network Design and Control Strategies." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1479900508609434.
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Motlhake, Malefsane Priscilla. "Non-compliance amongst T.B. patients at Moreteletsi Hospital." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-112314.
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Strauss, Ashley J. "Distribution of and relationship between medically classified weight and self-perceived body size across sexual orientation: An Add Health analysis." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch147993895681102.
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Barahona, Jose L. "Maquiladoras in Central America: An Analysis of Workforce Schedule, Productivity and Fatigue." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3146.
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Textile factories or Maquiladoras are very abundant and predominant in Central American economies. However, they all do not have the same standardized work schedule or routines. Most of the Maquiladoras only follow schedules and regulations established by the current labor laws without taking into consideration many variables within their organization that could affect their overall performance. As a result, the purpose of the study is to analyze the current working structure of a textile Maquiladora and determine the most suitable schedule that will abide with the current working structure but also increase production levels, employee morale and decrease employee fatigue.
A Maquiladora located in el Salvador, C.A. has been chosen for the study. It currently provides finished goods to one of the leading textile industries in the United States of America. The study will consist of collecting production numbers for two of their manufacturing cells for five consecutive days. In addition, a questionnaire will be administered to measure employee fatigue. Once all data have been collected, the data will be analyzed to determine the best working structure that will benefit the employee and the employer.
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Burk, Ieva. "Snap Scholar: The User Experience of Engaging with Academic Research Through a Tappable Stories Medium." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2156.
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With the shift to learn and consume information through our mobile devices, most academic research is still only presented in long-form text. The Stanford Scholar Initiative has explored the segment of content creation and consumption of academic research through video. However, there has been another popular shift in presenting information from various social media platforms and media outlets in the past few years. Snapchat and Instagram have introduced the concept of tappable “Stories” that have gained popularity in the realm of content consumption.
To accelerate the growth of the creation of these research talks, I propose an alternative to video: a tappable Snapchat-like interface. This style is achieved using AMP, Google’s open source project to optimize web experiences on mobile, and particularly the AMP Stories visual medium. My research seeks to explore how the process and quality of consuming the content of academic papers would change if instead of watching videos, users would consume content through Stories on mobile instead.
Since this form of content consumption is still largely unresearched in the academic context, I approached this research with a human-centered design process, going through a few iterations to test various prototypes before formulating research questions and designing an experiment. I tested various formats of research consumption through Stories with pilot users, and learned many lessons to iterate from along the way. I created a way to consume research papers in a Stories format, and designed a comparative study to measure the effectiveness of consuming research papers through the Stories medium and the video medium.
The results indicate that Stories are a quicker way to consume the same content, and improve the user’s pace of comprehension. Further, the Stories medium provides the user a self-paced method—both temporally and content-wise—to consume technical research topics, and is deemed as a less boring method to do so in comparison to video. While Stories gave the learner a chance to actively participate in consumption by tapping, the video experience is enjoyed because of its reduced effort and addition of an audio component. These findings suggest that the Stories medium may be a promising interface in educational contexts, for distributing scientific content and assisting with active learning.
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Vong, Camille. "Model-Based Optimization of Clinical Trial Designs." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-233445.
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General attrition rates in drug development pipeline have been recognized as a necessity to shift gears towards new methodologies that allow earlier and correct decisions, and the optimal use of all information accrued throughout the process. The quantitative science of pharmacometrics using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models was identified as one of the strategies core to this renaissance. Coupled with Optimal Design (OD), they constitute together an attractive toolkit to usher more rapidly and successfully new agents to marketing approval. The general aim of this thesis was to investigate how the use of novel pharmacometric methodologies can improve the design and analysis of clinical trials within drug development. The implementation of a Monte-Carlo Mapped power method permitted to rapidly generate multiple hypotheses and to adequately compute the corresponding sample size within 1% of the time usually necessary in more traditional model-based power assessment. Allowing statistical inference across all data available and the integration of mechanistic interpretation of the models, the performance of this new methodology in proof-of-concept and dose-finding trials highlighted the possibility to reduce drastically the number of healthy volunteers and patients exposed to experimental drugs. This thesis furthermore addressed the benefits of OD in planning trials with bio analytical limits and toxicity constraints, through the development of novel optimality criteria that foremost pinpoint information and safety aspects. The use of these methodologies showed better estimation properties and robustness for the ensuing data analysis and reduced the number of patients exposed to severe toxicity by 7-fold. Finally, predictive tools for maximum tolerated dose selection in Phase I oncology trials were explored for a combination therapy characterized by main dose-limiting hematological toxicity. In this example, Bayesian and model-based approaches provided the incentive to a paradigm change away from the traditional rule-based “3+3” design algorithm. Throughout this thesis several examples have shown the possibility of streamlining clinical trials with more model-based design and analysis supports. Ultimately, efficient use of the data can elevate the probability of a successful trial and increase paramount ethical conduct.
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Arjyal, Amit. "Clinical studies on enteric fever." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7b82ceef-96de-4159-adcf-a06dc14c581a.
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I performed two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the best treatments for enteric fever in Kathmandu, Nepal, an area with a high proportion of nalidixic acid resistant S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A isolates. I recruited 844 patients with suspected enteric fever to compare chloramphenicol versus gatifloxacin. 352 patients were culture confirmed. 14/175 patients treated with chloramphenicol and 12/177 patients treated with gatifloxacin experienced treatment failure (HR=0.86 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.86), p=0.70). The median times to fever clearance were 3.95 and 3.90 days, respectively (HR=1.06 [CI 0.86 to 1.32], p=0.59). The second RCT compared ofloxacin versus gatifloxacin and recruited 627 patients. Of the 170 patients infected with nalidixic acid resistant strains, the number of patients with treatment failure was 6/83 in the ofloxacin group and 5/87 in the gatifloxacin group (Hazard Ratio, HR=0.81, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.65; p=0.73); the median times to fever clearance were 4.7 and 3.3 days respectively (HR=1.59 [CI 1.16 to 2.18], p=0.004). I compared conventional blood culture against an electricity free culture approach. 66 of 304 patients with suspected enteric fever were positive for S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi A, 55 (85%) isolates were identified by the conventional blood culture and 60 (92%) isolates were identified by the experimental method. The percentages of positive and negative agreement for diagnosis of enteric fever were 90.9% and 96.0%, respectively. This electricity free blood culture system may have utility in resource-limited settings or potentially in disaster relief and refugee camps. I performed a literature review of RCTs of enteric fever which showed that trial design varied greatly. I was interested in the perspective of patients and what they regarded as cure. 1,481 patients were interviewed at the start of treatment, 860 (58%) reported that the resolution of fever would mean cure to them. At the completion of treatment, 877/1,448 (60.6%) reported that they felt cured when fever was completely gone. We suggest that fever clearance time is the best surrogate for clinical cure in patients with enteric fever and should be used as the primary outcome in future RCTs for the treatment of enteric fever.
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Stevenson, Clint W. "A Logistic Regression Analysis of Utah Colleges Exit Poll Response Rates Using SAS Software." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1116.
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In this study I examine voter response at an interview level using a dataset of 7562 voter contacts (including responses and nonresponses) in the 2004 Utah Colleges Exit Poll. In 2004, 4908 of the 7562 voters approached responded to the exit poll for an overall response rate of 65 percent. Logistic regression is used to estimate factors that contribute to a success or failure of each interview attempt. This logistic regression model uses interviewer characteristics, voter characteristics (both respondents and nonrespondents), and exogenous factors as independent variables. Voter characteristics such as race, gender, and age are strongly associated with response. An interviewer's prior retail sales experience is associated with whether a voter will decide to respond to a questionnaire or not. The only exogenous factor that is associated with voter response is whether the interview occurred in the morning or afternoon.
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Fullenkamp, Steven Charles. "The Effect of Cue and Target Similarity on Visual Search Response Times: Manipulation of Basic Stimulus Characteristics." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1388500646.
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Hanna, Samuel M. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-DETERMINATION AND CLIENT OUTCOMES AMONG THE HOMELESS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/203.
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This paper has attempted to determine if there is a significant relationship between self-determination and client outcomes among the homeless. The study has been based upon the conceptual framework set forth in Self-Determination Theory. The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between self-determination and client outcomes among the homeless. Using a data collection instrument, based on empirically validated instrumentation, clients from several homeless service providers in the City of San Bernardino were assessed for the level of self-determination and autonomy support they experience within these agencies. Outcome measures included such things as whether the client was going to school, had a job and had a bank account. Overall, the results of the study were inconclusive, though some interesting post hoc observations were made. It was the primary aim of this paper to increase the knowledge base of the local network of homeless service providers and to promote the compassionate, equitable, and dignified treatment of the population they serve.
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Vũ, John Huân. "Software Internationalization: A Framework Validated Against Industry Requirements for Computer Science and Software Engineering Programs." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/248.
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View John Huân Vũ's thesis presentation at http://youtu.be/y3bzNmkTr-c.
In 2001, the ACM and IEEE Computing Curriculum stated that it was necessary to address "the need to develop implementation models that are international in scope and could be practiced in universities around the world." With increasing connectivity through the internet, the move towards a global economy and growing use of technology places software internationalization as a more important concern for developers. However, there has been a "clear shortage in terms of numbers of trained persons applying for entry-level positions" in this area. Eric Brechner, Director of Microsoft Development Training, suggested five new courses to add to the computer science curriculum due to the growing "gap between what college graduates in any field are taught and what they need to know to work in industry." He concludes that "globalization and accessibility should be part of any course of introductory programming," stating:
A course on globalization and accessibility is long overdue on college campuses. It is embarrassing to take graduates from a college with a diverse student population and have to teach them how to write software for a diverse set of customers. This should be part of introductory software development. Anything less is insulting to students, their family, and the peoples of the world.
There is very little research into how the subject of software internationalization should be taught to meet the major requirements of the industry. The research question of the thesis is thus, "Is there a framework for software internationalization that has been validated against industry requirements?" The answer is no. The framework "would promote communication between academia and industry ... that could serve as a common reference point in discussions." Since no such framework for software internationalization currently exists, one will be developed here. The contribution of this thesis includes a provisional framework to prepare graduates to internationalize software and a validation of the framework against industry requirements. The requirement of this framework is to provide a portable and standardized set of requirements for computer science and software engineering programs to teach future graduates.
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Šulák, Petr. "Vysokovýklopná lopata dřevní štěpky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442820.
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Lucas, D. Pulane. "Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2996.
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Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs.
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Chen, Hui-Chen, and 陳慧倩. "Sample Size Estimation for Replicated 2*2 Cross-over Design." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32949108085597784842.
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Wang, Yu-min, and 王裕民. "PCB Golden Finger Defects Classification Research Under Small Sample Size Situation." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10196244075714032045.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>工業工程研究所<br>87<br>PCB Golden Finger Defects Classification Research
Under Small-Sample Size Situation
Student:Yu-Min Wang Advisor:Dr.B.C.Jiang
Department of Industrial Engineering
YUAN-ZE University
ABSTRACT
Generally, using machine vision to inspect surface defects of manufacturing parts in industry, the classification of the defects can provide important information on how to improve quality in manufacturing processes. However, current available classification schemes are not able to handle small sample situation which is sometimes occurs in industry.
It is proposed to use bootstrap technique to deal with the small sample classification problem. Then a tree analysis method is used to classify different PCB surface defects. In this research, there are 19 training samples and 25 test samples. Using the real 19 samples generates 2000 "bootstraped" samples and using the 25 test samples segmented into 470 test samples.The results showed that using bootstrap and tree-classifier to solve small sample size classification problem, it can achieve 97.87% accuracy rate.
Keywords: Bootstrap, Machine Vision, Golden Finger, Defect inspect, classifier
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Maremba, Thanyani Alpheus. "Computation of estimates in a complex survey sample design." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2920.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Statistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019<br>This research study has demonstrated the complexity involved in complex survey sample design (CSSD). Furthermore the study has proposed methods to account for each step taken in sampling and at the estimation stage using the theory of survey sampling, CSSD-based case studies and practical implementation based on census attributes. CSSD methods are designed to improve statistical efficiency, reduce costs and improve precision for sub-group analyses relative to simple random sample(SRS).They are commonly used by statistical agencies as well as development and aid organisations. CSSDs provide one of the most challenging fields for applying a statistical methodology. Researchers encounter a vast diversity of unique practical problems in the course of studying populations. These include, interalia: non-sampling errors,specific population structures,contaminated distributions of study variables,non-satisfactory sample sizes, incorporation of the auxiliary information available on many levels, simultaneous estimation of characteristics in various sub-populations, integration of data from many waves or phases of the survey and incompletely specified sampling procedures accompanying published data. While the study has not exhausted all the available real-life scenarios, it has outlined potential problems illustrated using examples and suggested appropriate approaches at each stage. Dealing with the attributes of CSSDs mentioned above brings about the need for formulating sophisticated statistical procedures dedicated to specific conditions of a sample survey. CSSD methodologies give birth to a wide variety of approaches, methodologies and procedures of borrowing the strength from virtually all branches of statistics. The application of various statistical methods from sample design to weighting and estimation ensures that the optimal estimates of a population and various domains are obtained from the sample data.CSSDs are probability sampling methodologies from which inferences are drawn about the population. The methods used in the process of producing estimates include adjustment for unequal probability of selection (resulting from stratification, clustering and probability proportional to size (PPS), non-response adjustments and benchmarking to auxiliary totals. When estimates of survey totals, means and proportions are computed using various methods, results do not differ. The latter applies when estimates are calculated for planned domains that are taken into account in sample design and benchmarking. In contrast, when the measures of precision such as standard errors and coefficient of variation are produced, they yield different results depending on the extent to which the design information is incorporated during estimation.
The literature has revealed that most statistical computer packages assume SRS design in estimating variances. The replication method was used to calculate measures of precision which take into account all the sampling parameters and weighting adjustments computed in the CSSD process. The creation of replicate weights and estimation of variances were done using WesVar, astatistical computer package capable of producing statistical inference from data collected through CSSD methods.
Keywords: Complex sampling, Survey design, Probability sampling, Probability proportional to size, Stratification, Area sampling, Cluster sampling.
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cheng, chin-chung, and 鄭錦鐘. "Research of the Fully Differential Sample and Hold Integrated Circuit Design." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22662175383168029588.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>電子工程研究所<br>89<br>The major objective of this thesis is to design and implement a fully differential sample and hold circuitry. The correlated double sampling (CDS) technique is used in this circuit design. Moreover, the core circuit of the design is fully differential folded cascode amplifier.
The architecture of CDS technique can minimize error due to finite offset error, 1/f noise, and finite opamp gain. Further, use the phase delay control and fully differential architecture can eliminate aperture jitter and charge injection. The results of HSPICE simulation show that the fully differential opamp has 67dB DC gain, and the unity gain frequency of the amplifier is 210MHz.
The proposed sample and hold circuit has been fabricated with TSMC .35μm 1P4M CMOS technology and the chip area is 1475.8*1481.8μm2 .The measured result shows that the sample pedestal is —5mV~ +14mV, input voltage range is —2V~ +2V, and the power consumption is 33.76mW from a single 3.3V supply.
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"Robust Experimental Design for Speech Analysis Applications." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57412.
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abstract: In many biological research studies, including speech analysis, clinical research, and prediction studies, the validity of the study is dependent on the effectiveness of the training data set to represent the target population. For example, in speech analysis, if one is performing emotion classification based on speech, the performance of the classifier is mainly dependent on the number and quality of the training data set. For small sample sizes and unbalanced data, classifiers developed in this context may be focusing on the differences in the training data set rather than emotion (e.g., focusing on gender, age, and dialect).
This thesis evaluates several sampling methods and a non-parametric approach to sample sizes required to minimize the effect of these nuisance variables on classification performance. This work specifically focused on speech analysis applications, and hence the work was done with speech features like Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Filter Bank Cepstral Coefficients (FBCC). The non-parametric divergence (D_p divergence) measure was used to study the difference between different sampling schemes (Stratified and Multistage sampling) and the changes due to the sentence types in the sampling set for the process.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2020
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Lin, Jian-Yu, and 林建宇. "The Design and Characteristic Research of a Stationary-Sample-Type Atomic Force Microscope." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86501173841912972152.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>機械工程學系<br>98<br>This thesis presents a design of stationary-sample-type atomic force microscope (AFM). The compact disk pickup head (PUH) is modified to measure the deflection of a probe’s cantilever. The PUH-based detecting system is light enough to be carried by a nano-positioner. Therefore, during operation, the probe scans forward and backward while the sample is completely stationary. This design is suitable for large/heavy industrial samples. A high precision three degree-of-freedom inertia motor is also proposed to align the optical path between the probe and the PUH. A 3-dimentional motorized stage is adopted to locate the nano-positioner. The experimental results proves the validity of the proposed stationary-sample-type AFM.
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Panayiotou, Christos. "Sample path optimization techniques for dynamic resource allocation in discrete event systems." 1999. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9950196.
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The main focus of this dissertation is the dynamic allocation of discrete-resources in the context of Discrete Event Systems (DES). For this purpose, we develop two algorithms that can be used to address such problems. The first one, is descent, in other words at every iteration proceeds to an allocation with a lower cost, and it is suitable for problems with separable convex structure. Furthermore, at every iteration it visits feasible allocations which makes it appropriate for use on-line. The second one, is incremental, that is, it starts with zero resources, and at every step it allocates an additional resource. Both algorithms are proven to converge in deterministic as well as stochastic environments. Furthermore, because they are driven by ordinal comparisons they are robust with respect to estimation noise and converge fast. To complement the implementation of the derived optimization algorithms we develop two techniques for predicting the system performance under several parameters while observing a single sample path under a single parameter. The first technique, Concurrent Estimation, can be directly applied to general DES. On the other hand, for the second one, referred to as Finite Perturbation Analysis (FPA), we demonstrate a general procedure for deriving this algorithm from the system dynamics. Moreover, both procedures can be used for systems with general event lifetime distributions. The dissertation ends with three applications of variations of the developed resource allocation methodologies on three practical problems. First, the incremental algorithm is used on a kanban-based manufacturing system to find the kanban allocation that optimizes a given objective function (e.g., throughput, mean delay). Next, a variation of the descent algorithm is used to resolve the channel allocation problem in cellular telephone networks as to minimize the number of lost calls. Finally, a combination of the FPA and kanban approaches are used to solve the ground holding problem in air traffic control to minimize the congestion over busy airports.
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Chiu, Ming-Hsien, and 邱明賢. "Research, Design and Customer relational management Under Virtual Shipyard Architecture for Mid-small size Shipyards." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92844478366467617475.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>造船及船舶機械工程學系<br>89<br>Virtual enterprising is viewed as one of the most promising business strategies for manufacturing industries to meet global competition. This research based by virtual enterprise, and provides the reengineering for the workflow for shipyards. The objective of this study is to enable the practice of virtual enterprise through advancing the methodology and technology of Virtual shipyards that constructed in real shipyards.
Research from relationship between business, design and manufacture of the shipyard firstly, then make a model for the virtual shipyard. In this paper we divided the virtual shipyard into 5 typical functions: enterprise resource planning (ERP), product data management (PDM), customer relation management (CRM), research and develop (R&D) and supply chain management (SCM). A case study in an international boatbuilder factory, to demonstrate that the theory of virtual shipyard is feasible for the shipyard.
In this thesis we just study R&D and CRM. In order to manage the high volume of product data generated from iterative product R&D and the high demand of data among activities throughout product life cycle. To reduce the complexity of system implementation and improve the design of human-system interface, the world wide web (WWW) network technique is chosen to be the user-friendly interfaces for the system of virtual shipyard. We study the basis design for pleasure powerboat with web-based and database. Also develop the online order and customize yachting and electronic owner’s manual in the CRM.
We express this study could help to boatbuilder, and same application will be extended to other areas of the manufacturing industry to promote the productivity of the companies.
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Bliss, Caleb Andrew. "Sample size re-estimation for superiority clinical trials with a dichotomous outcome using an unblinded estimate of the control group outcome rate." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14282.
Full textAbstract:
Superiority clinical trials are often designed with a planned interim analysis for the purpose of sample size re-estimation (SSR) when limited information is available at the start of the trial to estimate the required sample size. Typically these trials are designed with a two-arm internal pilot where subjects are enrolled to both treatment arms prior to the interim analysis. Circumstances may sometimes call for a trial with a single-arm internal pilot (enroll only in the control group). For a dichotomous outcome, Herson and Wittes proposed a SSR method (HW-SSR) that can be applied to single-arm internal pilot trials using an unblinded estimate of the control group outcome rate. Previous evaluations of the HW-SSR method reported conflicting results regarding the impact of the method on the two-sided Type I error rate and power of the final hypothesis test.
In this research we evaluate the HW-SSR method under the null and alternative hypothesis in various scenarios to investigate the one-sided Type I error rate and power of trials with a two-arm internal pilot. We find that the one-sided Type I error rate is sometimes inflated and that the power is sometimes reduced. We propose a new method, the Critical Value and Power Adjusted Sample Size Re-estimation (CVPA-SSR) algorithm to adjust the critical value cutoff used in the final Z-test and the power critical value used in the interim SSR formula to preserve the nominal Type I error rate and the desired power. We conduct simulations for trials with single-arm and two-arm internal pilots to confirm that the CVPA-SSR algorithm does preserve the nominal Type I error rate and the desired power. We investigate the robustness of the CVPA-SSR algorithm for trials with single-arm and two-arm internal pilots when the assumptions used in designing the trial are incorrect. No Type I error inflation is observed but significant over- or under-powering of the trial occurs when the treatment effect used to design the trial is misspecified.
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Liao, Li-Yueh, and 廖麗月. "The Surface Design Research on Touchscreens Digital Signage with a View of Users：A Sample from the Chi Mei Hospital." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q56vmj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>台南應用科技大學<br>視覺傳達設計系碩士班<br>105<br>In recent years, with the increasing mature technologies of flat panel display, huge business opportunities were inspired in the digital display panel market. Digital displays can be found everywhere, such as the MRT stations, airport, bus stations, department stores, museums, hospitals and sidewalks. Along with the rapid development of computer technologies, the progress
and the interactive feature of multi-media technologies have gradually changed the way people use them. In many visual situation, the sensitive cognition of the user is emphasized to let the user sink in the situation and to apply more humanized interface that is close to our lives. This study discusses about the attitudes that subscribers have on one-way clinic digital multi-media display boards they look at; after understanding the subscribers’ feelings, the touch control interface would be used as the media for information transmission; analyze and summarize the design standard, different styles and presentations according to the assessments
given by users of different ages; develop a system facilitated with all kinds of functions and design touch control interface and experience-related standard in order to reach the research goals. To understand the needs and preferences that users have when they
are watching at the digital multi-media display boards at the clinics, this study used questionnaires and interviews and looked at different users of different age groups. Collecting the questionnaires, the paper concluded and analyzed the assessment standard
of design, and design touch control interface and experience-related standard in order to reach the research goals. The results of this study found that the touch control digital multi-media display board in a hospital clinic can improve people’s willingness to
use it and provide more convenient services with simple design procedures, a comfortable browsing interface, easily understandable pictures and symbols and a clear and concise function menu. This study summarizes three results to define the design requirements for
the touch control digital multi-media display board in a hospital clinic: 1) attach importance to the allocation of functional hierarchy; 2) improve the image resolution of the pictures and the symbols; 3) pay attention to the size of the pictures and the symbols.
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Tien-yu, Wang, and 王天佑. "The Research of the Small-medium Size Construction Industry Internal Control Institutional Design －Case Study of A Company." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72374459198309188536.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>商務經營研究所<br>94<br>The internal control system department in legitimate center promotes the achievements, enhances the resources utilization potency, causes to be popular the advantage to prevent abuses the proper attention to both important system, this system is designs according to the enterprise various units different work activity, is organic, and follows together by all staffs, all performers including organization in center under various social strata. Design the internal control system must consider control environment, risk, appraisal, control, the information and the communication various works flow, and the surveillance and so on five essential factors, assist to achieve reliability of the financial report, to follow the law and the standard, transport business have the effect and the efficiency and so on three big goals, may reasonably prevent corrupts practices has and safeguards property of storage and the security the enterprise organization. But the internal control has is restricted some congenital factor, creates to manages the goal to achieve only can provide the reasonable guarantee, also must consider on this congenital limiting factor to of internal control system the enterprise various departments design, the Taiwan middle and small scale building industry staff population are not especially many, if a transaction minute carries out by several people, although may achieve effect of the internal control, but of human resources cost its investment too is big, has the benefit and the cost compares, whether should carry out this set of perfect internal control system is dubious, therefore middle and small scale building industry should depend on in fact itself limits has the human resources, Designs a set to conform to of internal control system the itself enterprise activities demand.
This research paper builds the limited company take A as the research object, constructs the middle and small scale building industry internal control system is the subject, the affiliation builds the limited company interior personnel by the literature discussion as well as with A to visit the conversation, designs this company internal control system flow, and by the project construction circulation, the purchase sends a package of payment to circulate and to sell receives money the circulation, for this male internal control system design and the implementation main axle of, carries on the actual test, and completes after the test subscribes decides of internal control system this company, and understood this item of research institute designs the internal control system flow pattern to control result of the question improvement to the document company in, Has the contribution by the time to middle and small scale building industry in the internal control management.
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Teng, Zhaoyang. "Optimal and adaptive designs for multi-regional clinical trials with regional consistency requirement." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15706.
Full textAbstract:
To shorten the time for drug development and regulatory approval, a growing number of clinical trials are being conducted in multiple regions simultaneously. One of the challenges to multi-regional clinical trials (MRCT) is how to utilize the data obtained from other regions within the entire trial to help make local approval decisions. In addition to the global efficacy, the evidence of consistency in treatment effects between the local region and the entire trial is usually required for regional approval. In recent years, a number of statistical models and consistency criteria have been proposed. The sample size requirement for the region of interest was also studied. However, there is no specific regional requirement being broadly accepted; sample size planning considering regional requirement of all regions of interest is not well developed; how to apply the adaptive design to MRCT has not been studied.
In this dissertation, we have made a number of contributions. First, we propose a unified regional requirement for the consistency assessment of MRCT, which generalizes the requirements proposed by Ko et al. (2010), Chen et al. (2012) and Tsong et al. (2012), make recommendations for choosing the value of parameters defining the proposed requirement, and determine the sample size increase needed to preserve power. Second, we propose two optimal designs for MRCT: minimal total sample size design and maximal utility design, which will provide more effective sample size allocation to ensure certain overall power and assurance probabilities of all interested regions. We also introduce the factors which should be considered in designing MRCT and analyze how each factor affects sample size planning. Third, we propose an unblinded region-level adaptive design to perform sample size re-estimation and re-allocation at interim based on the observed values of each region. We can determine not only whether to stop the whole MRCT based on the conditional power, but also whether to stop any individual region based on the conditional success rate at interim. The simulation results support that the proposed adaptive design has better performance than the classical design in terms of overall power and success rate of each region.
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Huang, Pan Tsung, and 黃潘宗. "The Research of the Design Project Cost Analysis in the Small and Medium size Architect Firm --- A case study of Condominium investing by Private Developer." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54523729460980266908.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>建築學系研究所<br>86<br>The professional service of Architect Firm which is a role of the design a
nd supervision to promote the environmental beautification and liv
ing space quality, Most Architects neither know nor care the expenses
of the their Firms, As time goes by the heavy expenses become a burden
and affection to the Firm, moreover its management and service qu
ality, These theories of cost and management in the Firm. My study be
gins to exercise expenses and allocate the cost to help an ideal case to be
done by limited resource and time.
The subject of my study is to find out the design project co
st of The Small and Medium size Architect Firm in the Taipei Metropoli
tan area, Through the method of deta reviewing, visiting with Architec
ts and questionnaires about the design project cost ＆ man hours of the
Architect Firm and deviled the contents of the project in eight categ
ories include development, planning, consultant, detail design,
construction documents, supervision, design revise, research etc, Following t
he statistical compilation of the replies by the methods of freque
ncies, crosstabs, chi- square, etc.
By deta reviewing It contains the
Architect Firm professional service quality, case flow and organizatio
n, cost control, the theory of management, interview deta manage. The
frame of the subject and analysis, contains the questionnaires design,
surveying and statistical methods. The analysis of the total cost in Architec
t Firm. and the evaluation of the cost in Architect Firm, about the Arch
itect design fee and the cost. In conclusion A chart of average project
cost was made for Small and Medium size Architect to compare their
project cost and man power through each category and for them to
follow. Key words, S
mall and Medium size, Architect Firm, design project, project cost.
Project man-hour.
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Zhang, Xue-Mei, and 張雪美. "A RESEARCH ON FUNCTION DESIGN FOR AN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING COMPANY FIRMED BY TAIWAN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES (SMES) - A CASE STUDY OF PACKAGING MACHINERY INDUSTRY." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48939972872546755318.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中原大學<br>企業管理研究所<br>90<br>The world economic trends are going to be more and more liberalized and globalized because of the development of WTO (World Trade Organization) and the improvement of ICT (information & communication technology) in the 21st century. Due to these changes, Taiwan’s Small and Medium size enterprises (SMEs) are encountering difficulties of survival as well as the bottleneck of industrial upgrading.
The main purpose of this study is to probe the present situation of sustaining competitive advantages of Taiwan’s SMEs for future industrial upgrading via resources integration and strategic alliances. The method of this research emphasizing on gap analysis to reveal the difference between future demand and status quo that determines the structure and task of the International Marketing Company being studied. The research variables in the analysis have been defined by three categories (technology, product and market) and in three levels (high, medium and low). Further more, the practical data and opinions are gathered from five cases by depth interview along with semi-structured questionnaire. By the inductive results of gap analysis, this research has identified the advantages and disadvantages of SMEs in this industry, and suggests the critical resources required in each stage of future development process that shall be carefully planned and acquired by the above-mentioned company.
Taking the opportunity of Taiwan’s government’s policy that assists SMEs to firm an international marketing company in several industries as to provide more professional and productive services to worldwide customers by “single window or platform” strategy. The contribution of this study, therefore, not only highlights the necessity and importance of international marketing company together with government’s resources and support, but also suggest a promising function design of that company. By using the dynamic planning model designed this research, the industry as well as the company can analyze and choose the networking methods of critical resources, and plan the patterns of technology transfer, product and market development more strategically in the future.
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Oberholzer, Petra Malan. "Bemagtiging van kliënte in die maatskaplike werk binne die konteks van armoede." 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15685.
Full textAbstract:
Summaries in English and Afrikaans<br>Text in Afrikaans<br>Die probleem van armoede is aangespreek deur middel van die groepwerkproses, waardeur mense sodanig bemagtig is dat die kringloop van armoede verbreek kon word. 'n Kwasi-eksperimentele navorsingsontwerp is gebruik met die groepwerkprogram as onafhanklike veranderlike en die algemene tevredenheid en graad van bemagtiging van die groeplede as die afhanklike veranderlikes. Slegs die voorondersoekgroep en twee eksperimentele groepe is aan die program onderwerp, maar nie die kontrolegroepe nie. n Voor- en natoets is deur aldie groeplede voltooi, om kwantitatiewe data te versamel. K walitatiewe data is versamel deur deelnemende waarneming en doelgeribte gesprekvoering. Die belangrikste verskil tussen die resultate van die eksperimentele groepe en die kontrolegroepe, was dat eersgenoemde tot aksie oorgegaan het terwyllaasgenoemde passief gebly het. Die gevolgtrekking kan dus gemaak word dat die groepwerkprogram wei tot die bemagtiging van die groeplede gelei het wat aan die program onderwerp was. Sleutelterme: Armoede, werkloosheid, haweloosheid, kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsing, eksperimentele ontwerp, beskikbaarheidsteekproef, groepwerk, bemagtiging.<br>The problem of poverty was addressed through the group work process, in order to empower people so that the cycle of poverty could be broken. A quasi-experimental design was used with the group work programme as the independent variable and the general contentment and degree of empowerment of the group members as the dependent variables. Only the pilot study group and the two experimental groups were exposed to the programme, while the two control groups were not. Pre- and posttests were taken of all the group members to gather quantitative data. Qualitative data was gathered by means of participant observation and purposeful conversation. The most important difference between the different groups was that action was taken by the groups subjected to the programme, whereas the control groups remained passive. It can thus be concluded that the group work programme was instrumental in empowering those group members exposed to the programme.<br>Social Work<br>M.A. (Social Work)